Search

Your search keyword '"Reid N."' showing total 1,882 results
Start Over Author "Reid N."
1,882 results on '"Reid N."'

2. Conservation decisions under pressure: Lessons from an exercise in rapid response to wildlife disease

Author

Stefano Canessa, Annemarieke Spitzen‐van der Sluijs, Tariq Stark, Bryony E. Allen, Phillip J. Bishop, Molly Bletz, Cheryl J. Briggs, David R. Daversa, Matthew J. Gray, Richard A. Griffiths, Reid N. Harris, Xavier A. Harrison, Jason T. Hoverman, Phillip Jervis, Erin Muths, Deanna H. Olson, Stephen J. Price, Corinne L. Richards‐Zawacki, Jacques Robert, Gonçalo M. Rosa, Ben C. Scheele, Benedikt R. Schmidt, and Trenton W. J. Garner

Subjects
amphibians, chytridiomycosis, containment, detection, early warning, epizootic, Ecology, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Abstract Novel outbreaks of emerging pathogens require rapid responses to enable successful mitigation. We simulated a 1‐day emergency meeting where experts were engaged to recommend mitigation strategies for a new outbreak of the amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. Despite the inevitable uncertainty, experts suggested and discussed several possible strategies. However, their recommendations were undermined by imperfect initial definitions of the objectives and scope of management. This problem is likely to arise in most real‐world emergency situations. The exercise thus highlighted the importance of clearly defining the context, objectives, and spatial–temporal scale of mitigation decisions. Managers are commonly under pressure to act immediately. However, an iterative process in which experts and managers cooperate to clarify objectives and uncertainties, while collecting more information and devising mitigation strategies, may be slightly more time consuming but ultimately lead to better outcomes.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Tadpole body size and behaviour alter the social acquisition of a defensive bacterial symbiont

Author

Carl N. Keiser, Trina Wantman, Eria A. Rebollar, and Reid N. Harris

Subjects
amphibian, horizontal transmission, janthinobacterium lividum, lithobates clamitans, tadpole, Science
Abstract

Individual differences in host phenotypes can generate heterogeneity in the acquisition and transmission of microbes. Although this has become a prominent factor of disease epidemiology, host phenotypic variation might similarly underlie the transmission of microbial symbionts that defend against pathogen infection. Here, we test whether host body size and behaviour influence the social acquisition of a skin bacterium, Janthinobacterium lividum, which in some hosts can confer protection against infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the causative agent of the amphibian skin disease chytridiomycosis. We measured body size and boldness (time spent in an open field) of green frog tadpoles and haphazardly constructed groups of six individuals. In some groups, we exposed one individual in each group to J. lividum and, in other groups, we inoculated a patch of aquarium pebbles to J. lividum. After 24 h, we swabbed each individual to estimate the presence of J. lividum on their skin. On average, tadpoles acquired nearly four times more bacteria when housed with an exposed individual compared to those housed with a patch of inoculated substrate. When tadpoles were housed with an exposed group-mate, larger and ‘bolder’ individuals acquired more bacteria. These data suggest that phenotypically biased acquisition of defensive symbionts might generate biased patterns of mortality from the pathogens against which they protect.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Skin bacterial communities of neotropical treefrogs vary with local environmental conditions at the time of sampling

Author

Angie Estrada, Myra C. Hughey, Daniel Medina, Eria A. Rebollar, Jenifer B. Walke, Reid N. Harris, and Lisa K. Belden

Subjects
Amphibian skin microbiome, Rainfall, Neotropics, Temporal scale, Agalychnis callidryas, Dendropsophus ebraccatus, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The amphibian skin microbiome has been the focus of recent studies aiming to better understand the role of these microbial symbionts in host defense against disease. However, host-associated microbial communities are complex and dynamic, and changes in their composition and structure can influence their function. Understanding temporal variation of bacterial communities on amphibian skin is critical for establishing baselines from which to improve the development of mitigation techniques based on probiotic therapy and provides long-term host protection in a changing environment. Here, we investigated whether microbial communities on amphibian skin change over time at a single site. To examine this, we collected skin swabs from two pond-breeding species of treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas and Dendropsophus ebraccatus, over 4 years at a single lowland tropical pond in Panamá. Relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to determine bacterial community diversity on the skin of both treefrog species. We found significant variation in bacterial community structure across long and short-term time scales. Skin bacterial communities differed across years on both species and between seasons and sampling days only in D. ebraccatus. Importantly, bacterial community structures across days were as variable as year level comparisons. The differences in bacterial community were driven primarily by differences in relative abundance of key OTUs and explained by rainfall at the time of sampling. These findings suggest that skin-associated microbiomes are highly variable across time, and that for tropical lowland sites, rainfall is a good predictor of variability. However, more research is necessary to elucidate the significance of temporal variation in bacterial skin communities and their maintenance for amphibian conservation efforts.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. The Skin Microbiome of the Neotropical Frog Craugastor fitzingeri: Inferring Potential Bacterial-Host-Pathogen Interactions From Metagenomic Data

Author

Eria A. Rebollar, Ana Gutiérrez-Preciado, Cecilia Noecker, Alexander Eng, Myra C. Hughey, Daniel Medina, Jenifer B. Walke, Elhanan Borenstein, Roderick V. Jensen, Lisa K. Belden, and Reid N. Harris

Subjects
skin microbiome, shotgun metagenomics, host-bacteria interactions, amphibians, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Skin symbiotic bacteria on amphibians can play a role in protecting their host against pathogens. Chytridiomycosis, the disease caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd, has caused dramatic population declines and extinctions of amphibians worldwide. Anti-Bd bacteria from amphibian skin have been cultured, and skin bacterial communities have been described through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Here, we present a shotgun metagenomic analysis of skin bacterial communities from a Neotropical frog, Craugastor fitzingeri. We sequenced the metagenome of six frogs from two different sites in Panamá: three frogs from Soberanía (Sob), a Bd-endemic site, and three frogs from Serranía del Sapo (Sapo), a Bd-naïve site. We described the taxonomic composition of skin microbiomes and found that Pseudomonas was a major component of these communities. We also identified that Sob communities were enriched in Actinobacteria while Sapo communities were enriched in Gammaproteobacteria. We described gene abundances within the main functional classes and found genes enriched either in Sapo or Sob. We then focused our study on five functional classes of genes: biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, membrane transport, cellular communication and antimicrobial drug resistance. These gene classes are potentially involved in bacterial communication, bacterial-host and bacterial-pathogen interactions among other functions. We found that C. fitzingeri metagenomes have a wide array of genes that code for secondary metabolites, including antibiotics and bacterial toxins, which may be involved in bacterial communication, but could also have a defensive role against pathogens. Several genes involved in bacterial communication and bacterial-host interactions, such as biofilm formation and bacterial secretion systems were found. We identified specific genes and pathways enriched at the different sites and determined that gene co-occurrence networks differed between sites. Our results suggest that skin microbiomes are composed of distinct bacterial taxa with a wide range of metabolic capabilities involved in bacterial defense and communication. Differences in taxonomic composition and pathway enrichments suggest that skin microbiomes from different sites have unique functional properties. This study strongly supports the need for shotgun metagenomic analyses to describe the functional capacities of skin microbiomes and to tease apart their role in host defense against pathogens.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Temporal Variation of the Skin Bacterial Community and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in the Terrestrial Cryptic Frog Philoria loveridgei

Author

Mariel Familiar López, Eria A. Rebollar, Reid N. Harris, Vance T. Vredenburg, and Jean-Marc Hero

Subjects
chytridiomycosis, skin bacteria, amphibians, Philoria loveridge, bacteria diversity, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

In animals and plants, symbiotic bacteria can play an important role in disease resistance of host and are the focus of much current research. Globally, amphibian population declines and extinctions have occurred due to chytridiomycosis, a skin disease caused by the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Currently amphibian skin bacteria are increasingly recognized as important symbiont communities with a relevant role in the defense against pathogens, as some bacteria can inhibit the growth of B. dendrobatidis. This study aims to document the B. dendrobatidis infection status of wild populations of a terrestrial cryptic frog (Philoria loveridgei), and to determine whether infection status is correlated with changes in the skin microbial communities. Skin samples of P. loveridgei were collected along an altitudinal range within the species distribution in subtropical rainforests in southeast Australia. Sampling was conducted in two years during two breeding seasons with the first classified as a “La Niña” year. We used Taqman real-time PCR to determine B. dendrobatidis infection status and 16S amplicon sequencing techniques to describe the skin community structure. We found B. dendrobatidis-positive frogs only in the second sampling year with low infection intensities, and no correlation between B. dendrobatidis infection status and altitude, frog sex or size. Skin bacterial diversity was significantly higher in P. loveridgei frogs sampled in the 1st year than in the 2nd year. In addition, 7.4% of the total OTUs were significantly more abundant in the 1st year compared to the 2nd year. We identified 67 bacterial OTUs with a significant positive correlation between infection intensity and an OTU’s relative abundance. Forty-five percent of these OTUs belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Overall, temporal variation was strongly associated with changes in B. dendrobatidis infection status and bacterial community structure of wild populations of P. loveridgei.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Estimating Herd Immunity to Amphibian Chytridiomycosis in Madagascar Based on the Defensive Function of Amphibian Skin Bacteria

Author

Molly C. Bletz, Jillian Myers, Douglas C. Woodhams, Falitiana C. E. Rabemananjara, Angela Rakotonirina, Che Weldon, Devin Edmonds, Miguel Vences, and Reid N. Harris

Subjects
anti-Bd bacteria, chytridiomycosis, amphibians, skin bacteria, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

For decades, Amphibians have been globally threatened by the still expanding infectious disease, chytridiomycosis. Madagascar is an amphibian biodiversity hotspot where Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has only recently been detected. While no Bd-associated population declines have been reported, the risk of declines is high when invasive virulent lineages become involved. Cutaneous bacteria contribute to host innate immunity by providing defense against pathogens for numerous animals, including amphibians. Little is known, however, about the cutaneous bacterial residents of Malagasy amphibians and the functional capacity they have against Bd. We cultured 3179 skin bacterial isolates from over 90 frog species across Madagascar, identified them via Sanger sequencing of approximately 700 bp of the 16S rRNA gene, and characterized their functional capacity against Bd. A subset of isolates was also tested against multiple Bd genotypes. In addition, we applied the concept of herd immunity to estimate Bd-associated risk for amphibian communities across Madagascar based on bacterial antifungal activity. We found that multiple bacterial isolates (39% of all isolates) cultured from the skin of Malagasy frogs were able to inhibit Bd. Mean inhibition was weakly correlated with bacterial phylogeny, and certain taxonomic groups appear to have a high proportion of inhibitory isolates, such as the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Xanthamonadaceae (84, 80, and 75% respectively). Functional capacity of bacteria against Bd varied among Bd genotypes; however, there were some bacteria that showed broad spectrum inhibition against all tested Bd genotypes, suggesting that these bacteria would be good candidates for probiotic therapies. We estimated Bd-associated risk for sampled amphibian communities based on the concept of herd immunity. Multiple amphibian communities, including those in the amphibian diversity hotspots, Andasibe and Ranomafana, were estimated to be below the 80% herd immunity threshold, suggesting they may be at higher risk to chytridiomycosis if a lethal Bd genotype emerges in Madagascar. While this predictive approach rests on multiple assumptions, and incorporates only one component of hosts' defense against Bd, their culturable cutaneous bacterial defense, it can serve as a foundation for continued research on Bd-associated risk for the endemic frogs of Madagascar.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Host Ecology Rather Than Host Phylogeny Drives Amphibian Skin Microbial Community Structure in the Biodiversity Hotspot of Madagascar

Author

Molly C. Bletz, Holly Archer, Reid N. Harris, Valerie J. McKenzie, Falitiana C. E. Rabemananjara, Andolalao Rakotoarison, and Miguel Vences

Subjects
host-associated microbiota, 16S rRNA illumina sequencing, amphibians, community assembly, bacteria, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Host-associated microbiotas of vertebrates are diverse and complex communities that contribute to host health. In particular, for amphibians, cutaneous microbial communities likely play a significant role in pathogen defense; however, our ecological understanding of these communities is still in its infancy. Here, we take advantage of the fully endemic and locally species-rich amphibian fauna of Madagascar to investigate the factors structuring amphibian skin microbiota on a large scale. Using amplicon-based sequencing, we evaluate how multiple host species traits and site factors affect host bacterial diversity and community structure. Madagascar is home to over 400 native frog species, all of which are endemic to the island; more than 100 different species are known to occur in sympatry within multiple rainforest sites. We intensively sampled frog skin bacterial communities, from over 800 amphibians from 89 species across 30 sites in Madagascar during three field visits, and found that skin bacterial communities differed strongly from those of the surrounding environment. Richness of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and phylogenetic diversity differed among host ecomorphs, with arboreal frogs exhibiting lower richness and diversity than terrestrial and aquatic frogs. Host ecomorphology was the strongest factor influencing microbial community structure, with host phylogeny and site parameters (latitude and elevation) explaining less but significant portions of the observed variation. Correlation analysis and topological congruency analyses revealed little to no phylosymbiosis for amphibian skin microbiota. Despite the observed geographic variation and low phylosymbiosis, we found particular OTUs that were differentially abundant between particular ecomorphs. For example, the genus Pigmentiphaga (Alcaligenaceae) was significantly enriched on arboreal frogs, Methylotenera (Methylophilaceae) was enriched on aquatic frogs, and Agrobacterium (Rhizobiaceae) was enriched on terrestrial frogs. The presence of shared bacterial OTUs across geographic regions for selected host genera suggests the presence of core microbial communities which in Madagascar, might be driven more strongly by a species’ preference for specific microhabitats than by the physical, physiological or biochemical properties of their skin. These results corroborate that both host and environmental factors are driving community assembly of amphibian cutaneous microbial communities, and provide an improved foundation for elucidating their role in disease resistance.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Panamanian frog species host unique skin bacterial communities

Author

Lisa K. Belden, Myra C. Hughey, Eria A. Rebollar, Thomas P. Umile, Stephen C. Loftus, Elizabeth A. Burzynski, Kevin P.C. Minbiole, Leanna L. House, Roderick V. Jensen, Matthew H. Becker, Jenifer B. Walke, Daniel eMedina, Roberto eIbáñez, and Reid N. Harris

Subjects
microbiota, microbiome, amphibian, Structure-Function Relationship, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Chytrid fungus, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Vertebrates, including amphibians, host diverse symbiotic microbes that contribute to host disease resistance. Globally, and especially in montane tropical systems, many amphibian species are threatened by a chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), that causes a lethal skin disease. Bd therefore may be a strong selective agent on the diversity and function of the microbial communities inhabiting amphibian skin. In Panamá, amphibian population declines and the spread of Bd have been tracked. In 2012, we completed a field survey in Panamá to examine frog skin microbiota in the context of Bd infection. We focused on three frog species and collected two skin swabs per frog from a total of 136 frogs across four sites that varied from west to east in the time since Bd arrival. One swab was used to assess bacterial community structure using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and to determine Bd infection status, and one was used to assess metabolite diversity, as the bacterial production of anti-fungal metabolites is an important disease resistance function. The skin microbiota of the three Panamanian frog species differed in OTU (operational taxonomic unit, ~bacterial species) community composition and metabolite profiles, although the pattern was less strong for the metabolites. Comparisons between frog skin bacterial communities from Panamá and the US suggest broad similarities at the phylum level, but key differences at lower taxonomic levels. In our field survey in Panamá, across all four sites, only 35 individuals (~26%) were Bd infected. There was no clustering of OTUs or metabolite profiles based on Bd infection status and no clear pattern of west-east changes in OTUs or metabolite profiles across the four sites. Overall, our field survey data suggest that different bacterial communities might be producing broadly similar sets of metabolites across frog hosts and sites. Community structure and function may not be as tightly coupled in these skin symbiont microbial systems as it is in many macro-systems.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. In Situ Dark Adaptation Enhances the Efficiency of DNA Extraction from Mature Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Leaves, Facilitating the Identification of Partial Sequences of the 18S rRNA and Isoprene Synthase (IspS) Genes

Author

Csengele E. Barta, Bethany Bolander, Steven R. Bilby, Jeremy H. Brown, Reid N. Brown, Alexander M. Duryee, Danielle R. Edelman, Christina E. Gray, Chandler Gossett, Amie G. Haddock, Mackenzie M. Helsel, Alyssa D. Jones, Marissa E. Klingseis, Kalif Leslie, Edward W. Miles, and Rachael A. Prawitz

Subjects
DNA extraction, pin oak (Quercus palustris), leaves, dark adaptation, secondary metabolites, PCR, gene identification, 18S rRNA, isoprene synthase (IspS), Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Mature oak (Quercus spp.) leaves, although abundantly available during the plants’ developmental cycle, are rarely exploited as viable sources of genomic DNA. These leaves are rich in metabolites difficult to remove during standard DNA purification, interfering with downstream molecular genetics applications. The current work assessed whether in situ dark adaptation, to deplete sugar reserves and inhibit secondary metabolite synthesis could compensate for the difficulties encountered when isolating DNA from mature leaves rich in secondary metabolites. We optimized a rapid, commercial kit based method to extract genomic DNA from dark- and light-adapted leaves. We demonstrated that in situ dark adaptation increases the yield and quality of genomic DNA obtained from mature oak leaves, yielding templates of sufficiently high quality for direct downstream applications, such as PCR amplification and gene identification. The quality of templates isolated from dark-adapted pin oak leaves particularly improved the amplification of larger fragments in our experiments. From DNA extracts prepared with our optimized method, we identified for the first time partial segments of the genes encoding 18S rRNA and isoprene synthase (IspS) from pin oak (Quercus palustris), whose full genome has not yet been sequenced.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. The Frontier Fields: Survey Design

Author

Lotz, J. M., Koekemoer, A., Coe, D., Grogin, N., Capak, P., Mack, J., Anderson, J., Avila, R., Barker, E. A., Borncamp, D., Brammer, G., Durbin, M., Gunning, H., Hilbert, B., Jenkner, H., Khandrika, H., Levay, Z., Lucas, R. A., MacKenty, J., Ogaz, S., Porterfield, B., Reid, N., Robberto, M., Royle, P., Smith, L. J., Storrie-Lombardi, L. J., Sunnquist, B., Surace, J., Taylor, D. C., Williams, R., Bullock, J., Dickinson, M., Finkelstein, S., Natarajan, P., Richard, J., Robertson, B., Tumlinson, J., Zitrin, A., Flanagan, K., Sembach, K., Soifer, B. T., and Mountain, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Frontier Fields are a director's discretionary time campaign with HST and the Spitzer Space Telescope to see deeper into the universe than ever before. The Frontier Fields combine the power of HST and Spitzer with the natural gravitational telescopes of massive high-magnification clusters of galaxies to produce the deepest observations of clusters and their lensed galaxies ever obtained. Six clusters - Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ0717.5+3745, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell S1063, and Abell 370 - were selected based on their lensing strength, sky darkness, Galactic extinction, parallel field suitability, accessibility to ground-based facilities, HST, Spitzer and JWST observability, and pre-existing ancillary data. These clusters have been targeted by the HST ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR with coordinated parallels of adjacent blank fields for over 840 HST orbits. The Spitzer Space Telescope has dedicated > 1000 hours of director's discretionary time to obtain IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 micron imaging to ~26.5, 26.0 ABmag 5-sigma point-source depths in the six cluster and six parallel Frontier Fields. The Frontier Field parallel fields are the second-deepest observations thus far by HST with ~29th ABmag 5-sigma point source depths in seven optical - near-infrared bandpasses. Galaxies behind the Frontier Field cluster lenses experience typical magnification factors of a few, with small regions near the critical curves magnified by factors 10-100. Therefore, the Frontier Field cluster HST images achieve intrinsic depths of ~30-33 magnitudes over very small volumes. Early studies of the Frontier Fields have probed galaxies fainter than any seen before during the epoch of reionization 6 < z < 10, mapped out the cluster dark matter to unprecedented resolution, and followed lensed transient events., Comment: submitted to ApJ; 18 pages; see http://www.stsci.edu/hst/campaigns/frontier-fields/ and http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/warmmission/scheduling/approvedprograms/ddt/frontier/ for data and more information

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. The Addition of Fish Oil to Cognitive Behavioral Case Management for Youth Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial

Author

Amminger, GP, Rice, S, Davey, CG, Quinn, AL, Hermens, DF, Zmicerevska, N, Nichles, A, Hickie, I, Incerti, L, Weller, A, Joseph, S, Hilton, Z, Pugh, C, Rayner, M, Reid, N, Ratheesh, A, Yung, AR, Yuen, HP, Mackinnon, A, Hetrick, S, Parker, A, Street, R, Berger, M, Berk, M, McGorry, PD, Lin, A, Amminger, GP, Rice, S, Davey, CG, Quinn, AL, Hermens, DF, Zmicerevska, N, Nichles, A, Hickie, I, Incerti, L, Weller, A, Joseph, S, Hilton, Z, Pugh, C, Rayner, M, Reid, N, Ratheesh, A, Yung, AR, Yuen, HP, Mackinnon, A, Hetrick, S, Parker, A, Street, R, Berger, M, Berk, M, McGorry, PD, and Lin, A

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials suggest that long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) (fish oil) may reduce depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder. Therefore, n-3 PUFAs may be a potential treatment for depression in youth. METHODS: Participants were 15- to-25 year-old individuals with major depressive disorder who sought care in one of three government-funded mental health services for young people in metropolitan Melbourne, Perth, or Sydney, Australia. Participants were randomly assigned in a double-blind, parallel-arm design to receive either fish oil (840 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 560 mg of docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo capsules as adjunct to cognitive behavioral case management. All participants were offered 50-minute cognitive behavioral case management sessions every 2 weeks delivered by qualified therapists (treatment as usual) at the study sites during the intervention period. The primary outcome was change in the interviewer-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Adolescent Version, score at 12 weeks. Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA levels were assessed pre-post intervention. RESULTS: A total of 233 young people were randomized to the treatment arms: 115 participants to the n-3 PUFA group and 118 to the placebo group. Mean change from baseline in the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score was -5.8 in the n-3 PUFA group and -5.6 in the placebo group (mean difference, 0.2; 95% CI, -1.1 to 1.5; p = .75). Erythrocyte PUFA levels were not associated with depression severity at any time point. The incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This placebo-controlled trial and biomarker analysis found no evidence to support the use of fish oil for treatment in young people with major depressive disorder.

Published
2024

22. The Knowledge Translation of Early Cerebral Palsy (KiTE CP) study: Implementing Screening among a High-risk Prospective Cohort of Australian Infants

Author

Kwong, AKL, Eeles, AL, Anderson, PJ, Badawi, N, Boyd, RN, Cameron, KL, Cheong, JLY, Colditz, P, Koorts, P, Crowle, C, Dale, RC, Doyle, LW, Fahey, M, George, J, Hunt, RW, Mcnamara, L, Morgan, C, Novak, I, Olsen, JE, Reid, N, Rieger, I, Whittingham, K, Spittle, AJ, Kwong, AKL, Eeles, AL, Anderson, PJ, Badawi, N, Boyd, RN, Cameron, KL, Cheong, JLY, Colditz, P, Koorts, P, Crowle, C, Dale, RC, Doyle, LW, Fahey, M, George, J, Hunt, RW, Mcnamara, L, Morgan, C, Novak, I, Olsen, JE, Reid, N, Rieger, I, Whittingham, K, and Spittle, AJ

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of the international guidelines for the early diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) and engagement in the screening process in an Australian cohort of infants with neonatal risk factors for CP. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of infants with neonatal risk factors recruited at <6 months corrected age from 11 sites in the states of Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland, Australia. First, we implemented a multimodal knowledge translation strategy including barrier identification, technology integration, and special interest groups. Screening was implemented as follows: infants with clinical indications for neuroimaging underwent magnetic resonance imaging and/or cranial ultrasound. The Prechtl General Movements Assessment (GMA) was recorded clinically or using an app (Baby Moves). Infants with absent or abnormal fidgety movements on GMA videos were offered further assessment using the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE). Infants with atypical findings on 2/3 assessments met criteria for high risk of CP. RESULTS: Of the 597 infants (56% male) recruited, 95% (n = 565) received neuroimaging, 90% (n = 537) had scorable GMA videos (2% unscorable/8% no video), and 25% (n = 149) HINE. Overall, 19% of the cohort (n = 114/597) met criteria for high risk of CP, 57% (340/597) had at least 2 normal assessments (of neuroimaging, GMA or HINE), and 24% (n = 143/597) had insufficient assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Early CP screening was implemented across participating sites using a multimodal knowledge translation strategy. Although the COVID-19 pandemic affected recruitment rates, there was high engagement in the screening process. Reasons for engagement in early screening from parents and clinicians warrant further contextualization and investigation.

Published
2024

24. On partial likelihood.

Author

Reid, N

Subjects
MEDICAL literature, LOGISTIC regression analysis, REGRESSION analysis
Abstract

Partial likelihood, introduced in Cox (1975, Partial likelihood. Biometrika , 62 (2),269–276), formalizes the construction of the inference function developed in Cox (1972, Regression models and life-tables (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B , 34 (2),187–220) and referred there to as a conditional likelihood. Partial likelihood can also be viewed as a version of composite likelihood, a different example of which was studied in Cox, and Reid (2004, A note on pseudolikelihood constructed from marginal densities. Biometrika, 91(3),729–737). In this note, I describe the links between partial and composite likelihood, and the connections to profile, marginal, and conditional likelihood. Somewhat tangentially, two recent applications of the Cox proportional hazards model from the medical literature are briefly discussed, as they highlight the model's ongoing relevance while also raising some more general questions about inference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Vertebrate Hosts as Islands: Dynamics of Selection, Immigration, Loss, Persistence, and Potential Function of Bacteria on Salamander Skin

Author

Loudon, Andrew H, Venkataraman, Arvind, Van Treuren, William, Woodhams, Douglas C, Parfrey, Laura Wegener, McKenzie, Valerie J, Knight, Rob, Schmidt, Thomas M, and Harris, Reid N

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Infectious Diseases, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Infection, Life Below Water, neutral model, host-associated microbial communities, Island biogeography, Plethodon cinereus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, symbiosis, antifungal, Environmental Science and Management, Soil Sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

Skin bacterial communities can protect amphibians from a fungal pathogen; however, little is known about how these communities are maintained. We used a neutral model of community ecology to identify bacteria that are maintained on salamanders by selection or by dispersal from a bacterial reservoir (soil) and ecological drift. We found that 75% (9/12) of bacteria that were consistent with positive selection,

Published
2016

30. Perioperative Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) Administration and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Major Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Prospective, Multicenter, Propensity Matched Cohort Study

Author

Writing Committee, Drake, TM, Ahmed, WUR, Baker, D, Mills, E, Khaw, R, Kamarajah, S, McLean, KA, Glasbey, JC, Nepogodiev, D, Data analysis, McLean, KA, Drake, TM, Steering Committee, Glasbey, JC, Borakati, A, Drake, TM, Kamarajah, S, McLean, KA, Bath, MF, Claireaux, HA, Gundogan, B, Mohan, M, Deekonda, P, Kong, C, Joyce, H, Mcnamee, L, Woin, E, Burke, J, Khatri, C, Fitzgerald, JE, Harrison, EM, Bhangu, A, Nepogodiev, D, Advisory group, Arulkumaran, N, Bell, S, Duthie, F, Hughes, J, Pinkney, TD, Prowle, J, Richards, T, Thomas, M, Regional Leads, Dynes, K, Patel, M, Patel, P, Wigley, C, Suresh, R, Shaw, A, Klimach, S, Jull, P, Evans, D, Preece, R, Ibrahim, I, Manikavasagar, V, Smith, R, Brown, F S, Deekonda, P, Teo, R, Sim, D P Y, Borakati, A, Logan, A E, Barai, I, Amin, H, Suresh, S, Sethi, R, Bolton, W, Corbridge, O, Horne, L, Attalla, M, Morley, R, Robinson, C, Hoskins, T, McAllister, R, Lee, S, Dennis, Y, Nixon, G, Heywood, E, Wilson, H, Ng, L, Samaraweera, S, Mills, A, Doherty, C, Woin, E, Belchos, J, Phan, V, Collaborators & validators, Chouari, T, Gardner, T, Goergen, N, Hayes, J D B, MacLeod, C S, McCormack, R, McKinley, A, McKinstry, S, Milligan, W, Ooi, L, Rafiq, N M, Sammut, T, Sinclair, E, Smith, M, Baker, C, Boulton, A P R, Collins, J, Copley, H C, Fearnhead, N, Fox, H, Mah, T, McKenna, J, Naruka, V, Nigam, N, Nourallah, B, Perera, S, Qureshi, A, Saggar, S, Sun, L, Wang, X, Yang, D D, Caroll, P, Doyle, C, Elangovan, S, Falamarzi, A, Perai, K Gascon, Greenan, E, Jain, D, Lang-Orsini, M, Lim, S, OʼByrne, L, Ridgway, P, Van der Laan, S, Wong, J, Arthur, J, Barclay, J, Bradley, P, Edwin, C, Finch, E, Hayashi, E, Hopkins, M, Kelly, D, Kelly, M, McCartan, N, Ormrod, A, Pakenham, A, Hayward, J, Hitchen, C, Kishore, A, Martins, T, Philomen, J, Rao, R, Rickards, C, Burns, N, Copeland, M, Durand, C, Dyal, A, Ghaffar, A, Gidwani, A, Grant, M, Gribbon, C, Gruhn, A, Leer, M, Ahmad, K, Beattie, G, Beatty, M, Campbell, G, Donaldson, G, Graham, S, Holmes, D, Kanabar, S, Liu, H, McCann, C, Stewart, R, Vara, S, Ajibola-Taylor, O, Andah, E J E, Ani, C, Cabdi, N M O, Ito, G, Jones, M, Komoriyama, A, Patel, P, Titu, L, Basra, M, Gallogly, P, Harinath, G, Leong, S H, Pradhan, A, Siddiqui, I, Zaat, S, Ali, A, Galea, M, Looi, W L, Ng, J C K, Atkin, G, Azizi, A, Cargill, Z, China, Z, Elliot, J, Jebakumar, R, Lam, J, Mudalige, G, Onyerindu, C, Renju, M, Shankar Babu, V, Hussain, M, Joji, N, Lovett, B, Mownah, H, Ali, B, Cresswell, B, Dhillon, A K, Dupaguntla, Y S, Hungwe, C, Lowe-Zinola, J D, Tsang, J C H, Bevan, K, Cardus, C, Duggal, A, Hossain, S, McHugh, M, Scott, M, Chan, F, Evans, R, Gurung, E, Haughey, B, Jacob-Ramsdale, B, Kerr, M, Lee, J, McCann, E, OʼBoyle, K, Reid, N, Hayat, F, Hodgson, S, Johnston, R, Jones, W, Khan, M, Linn, T, Long, S, Seetharam, P, Shaman, S, Smart, B, Anilkumar, A, Davies, J, Griffith, J, Hughes, B, Islam, Y, Kidanu, D, Mushaini, N, Qamar, I, Robinson, H, Schramm, M, Tan, C Yan, Apperley, H, Billyard, C, Blazeby, J M, Cannon, S P, Carse, S, Göpfert, A, Loizidou, A, Parkin, J, Sanders, E, Sharma, S, Slade, G, Telfer, R, Whybrow Huppatz, I, Worley, E, Chandramoorthy, L, Friend, C, Harris, L, Jain, P, Karim, M J, Killington, K, McGillicuddy, J, Rafferty, C, Rahunathan, N, Rayne, T, Varathan, Y, Verma, N, Zanichelli, D, Arneill, M, Brown, F, Campbell, B, Crozier, L, Henry, J, McCusker, C, Prabakaran, P, Wilson, R, Asif, U, Connor, M, Dindyal, S, Math, N, Pagarkar, A, Saleem, H, I, Seth, S Sharma, Standfield, N, Swartbol, T, Adamson, R, Choi, J E, El Tokhy, O, Ho, W, Javaid, N R, Kelly, M, Mehdi, A S, Menon, D, Plumptre, I, Sturrock, S, Turner, J, Warren, O, Crane, E, Ferris, B, Gadsby, C, Smallwood, J, Vipond, M, Wilson, V, Amarnath, T, Doshi, A, Gregory, C, Kandiah, K, Powell, B, Spoor, H, Toh, C, Vizor, R, Common, M, Dunleavy, K, Harris, S, Luo, C, Mesbah, Z, Kumar, A Prem, Redmond, A, Skulsky, S, Walsh, T, Daly, D, Deery, L, Epanomeritakis, E, Harty, M, Kane, D, Khan, K, Mackey, R, McConville, J, McGinnity, K, Nixon, G, Ang, A, Kee, J Y, Leung, E, Norman, S, Palaniappan, S V, Sarathy, P Partha, Yeoh, T, Frost, J, Hazeldine, P, Jones, L, Karbowiak, M, Macdonald, C, Mutarambirwa, A, Omotade, A, Runkel, M, Ryan, G, Sawers, N, Searle, C, Suresh, S, Vig, S, Ahmad, A, McGartland, R, Sim, R, Song, A, Wayman, J, Brown, R, Chang, L H, Concannon, K, Crilly, C, Arnold, T J, Burgin, A, Cadden, F, Choy, C H, Coleman, M, Lim, D, Luk, J, Mahankali-Rao, P, Prudence-Taylor, A J, Ramakrishnan, D, Russell, J, Fawole, A, Gohil, J, Green, B, Hussain, A, McMenamin, L, McMenamin, L, Tang, M, Azmi, F, Benchetrit, S, Cope, T, Haque, A, Harlinska, A, Holdsworth, R, Ivo, T, Martin, J, Nisar, T, Patel, A, Sasapu, K, Trevett, J, Vernet, G, Aamir, A, Bird, C, Durham-Hall, A, Gibson, W, Hartley, J, May, N, Maynard, V, Johnson, S, McDonald Wood, C, OʼBrien, M, Orbell, J, Stringfellow, T D, Tenters, F, Tresidder, S, Cheung, W, Grant, A, Tod, N, Bews-Hair, M, Lim, Z H, Lim, S W, Vella-Baldacchino, M, Auckburally, S, Chopada, A, Easdon, S, Goodson, R, McCurdie, F, Narouz, M, Radford, A, Rea, E, Taylor, O, Yu, T, Alfa-Wali, M, Amani, L, Auluck, I, Bruce, P, Emberton, J, Kumar, R, Lagzouli, N, Mehta, A, Murtaza, A, Raja, M, Dennahy, I S, Frew, K, Given, A, He, Y Y, Karim, M A, MacDonald, E, McDonald, E, McVinnie, D, Ng, S K, Pettit, A, Sim, D P Y, Berthaume-Hawkins, S D, Charnley, R, Fenton, K, Jones, D, Murphy, C, Ng, J Q, Reehal, R, Robinson, H, Seraj, S S, Shang, E, Tonks, A, White, P, Yeo, A, Chong, P, Gabriel, R, Patel, N, Richardson, E, Symons, L, Aubrey-Jones, D, Dawood, S, Dobrzynska, M, Faulkner, S, Griffiths, H, Mahmood, F, Patel, P, Perry, M, Power, A, Simpson, R, Ali, A, Brobbey, P, Burrows, A, Elder, P, Ganyani, R, Horseman, C, Hurst, P, Mann, H, Marimuthu, K, McBride, S, Pilsworth, E, Powers, N, Stanier, P, Innes, R, Kersey, T, Kopczynska, M, Langasco, N, Patel, N, Rajagopal, R, Atkins, B, Beasley, W, Lim, Z Cheng, Gill, A, Ang, H Li, Williams, H, Yogeswara, T, Carter, R, Fam, M, Fong, J, Latter, J, Long, M, Mackinnon, S, McKenzie, C, Osmanska, J, Raghuvir, V, Shafi, A, Tsang, K, Walker, L, Bountra, K, Coldicutt, O, Fletcher, D, Hudson, S, Iqbal, S, Bernal, T Lopez, Martin, J W B, Moss-Lawton, F, Smallwood, J, Vipond, M, Cardwell, A, Edgerton, K, Laws, J, Rai, A, Robinson, K, Waite, K, Ward, J, Youssef, H, Knight, C, Koo, P Y, Lazarou, A, Stanger, S, Thorn, C, Triniman, M C, Botha, A, Boyles, L, Cumming, S, Deepak, S, Ezzat, A, Fowler, A J, Gwozdz, A M, Hussain, S F, Khan, S, Li, H, Morrell, B Lu, Neville, J, Nitiahpapand, R, Pickering, O, Sagoo, H, Sharma, E, Welsh, K, Denley, S, Khan, S, Agarwal, M, Al-Saadi, N, Bhambra, R, Gupta, A, Jawad, Z A R, Jiao, L R, Khan, K, Mahir, G, Singagireson, S, Thoms, B L, Tseu, B, Wei, R, Yang, N, Britton, N, Leinhardt, D, Mahfooz, M, Palkhi, A, Price, M, Sheikh, S, Barker, M, Bowley, D, Cant, M, Datta, U, Farooqi, M, Lee, A, Morley, G, Naushad Amin, M, Parry, A, Patel, S, Strang, S, Yoganayagam, N, Adlan, A, Chandramoorthy, S, Choudhary, Y, Das, K, Feldman, M, France, B, Grace, R, Puddy, H, Soor, P, Ali, M, Dhillon, P, Faraj, A, Gerard, L, Glover, M, Imran, H, Kim, S, Patrick, Y, Peto, J, Prabhudesai, A, Smith, R, Tang, A, Vadgama, N, Dhaliwal, R, Ecclestone, T, Harris, A, Ong, D, Patel, D, Philp, C, Stewart, E, Wang, L, Wong, E, Xu, Y, Ashaye, T, Fozard, T, Galloway, F, Kaptanis, S, Mistry, P, Nguyen, T, Olagbaiye, F, Osman, M, Philip, Z, Rembacken, R, Tayeh, S, Theodoropoulou, K, Herman, A, Lau, J, Saha, A, Trotter, M, Adeleye, O, Cave, D, Gunwa, T, Magalhães, J, Makwana, S, Mason, R, Parish, M, Regan, H, Renwick, P, Roberts, G, Salekin, D, Sivakumar, C, Tariq, A, Liew, I, McDade, A, Stewart, D, Hague, M, Hudson-Peacock, N, Jackson, C E S, James, F, Pitt, J, Walker, E Y, Aftab, R, Ang, J J, Anwar, S, Battle, J, Budd, E, Chui, J, Crook, H, Davies, P, Easby, S, Hackney, E, Ho, B, Imam, S Z, Rammell, J, Andrews, H, Perry, C, Schinle, P, Ahmed, P, Aquilina, T, Balai, E, Church, M, Cumber, E, Curtis, A, Davies, G, Dennis, Y, Dumann, E, Greenhalgh, S, Kim, P, King, S, Metcalfe, K H M, Passby, L, Redgrave, N, Soonawalla, Z, Waters, S, Zornoza, A, Gulzar, I, Hole, J, Hull, K, Ishaq, H, Karaj, J, Kelkar, A, Love, E, Patel, S, Thakrar, D, Vine, M, Waterman, A, Dib, N P, Francis, N, Hanson, M, Ingleton, R, Sadanand, K S, Sukirthan, N, Arnell, S, Ball, M, Bassam, N, Beghal, G, Chang, A, Dawe, V, George, A, Huq, T, Hussain, A, Ikram, B, Kanapeckaite, L, Khan, M, Ramjas, D, Rushd, A, Sait, S, Serry, M, Yardimci, E, Capella, S, Chenciner, L, Episkopos, C, Karam, E, McCarthy, C, Moore-Kelly, W, Watson, N, Ahluwalia, V, Barnfield, J, Ben-Gal, O, Bloom, I, Gharatya, A, Khodatars, K, Merchant, N, Moonan, A, Moore, M, Patel, K, Spiers, H, Sundaram, K, Turner, J, Bath, M F, Black, J, Chadwick, H, Huisman, L, Ingram, H, Khan, S, Martin, L, Metcalfe, M, Sangal, P, Seehra, J, Thatcher, A, Venturini, S, Whitcroft, I, Afzal, Z, Brown, S, Gani, A, Gomaa, A, Hussein, N, Oh, S Y, Pazhaniappan, N, Sharkey, E, Sivagnanasithiyar, T, Williams, C, Yeung, J, Cruddas, L, Gurjar, S, Pau, A, Prakash, R, Randhawa, R, Chen, L, Eiben, I, Naylor, M, Osei-Bordom, D, Trenear, R, Bannard-Smith, J, Griffiths, N, Patel, B Y, Saeed, F, Abdikadir, H, Bennett, M, Church, R, Clements, S E, Court, J, Delvi, A, Hubert, J, Macdonald, B, Mansour, F, Patel, R R, Perris, R, Small, S, Betts, A, Brown, N, Chong, A, Croitoru, C, Grey, A, Hickland, P, Ho, C, Hollington, D, McKie, L, Nelson, A R, Stewart, H, Eiben, P, Nedham, M, Ali, I, Brown, T, Cumming, S, Hunt, C, Joyner, C, McAlinden, C, Roberts, J, Rogers, D, Thachettu, A, Tyson, N, Vaughan, R, Verma, N, Yasin, T, Andrew, K, Bhamra, N, Leong, S, Mistry, R, Noble, H, Rashed, F, Walker, N R, Watson, L, Worsfold, M, Yarham, E, Abdikadir, H, Arshad, A, Barmayehvar, B, Cato, L, Chan-lam, N, Do, V, Leong, A, Sheikh, Z, Zheleniakova, T, Coppel, J, Hussain, S T, Mahmood, R, Nourzaie, R, Prowle, J, Sheik-Ali, S, Thomas, A, Alagappan, A, Ashour, R, Bains, H, Diamond, J, Gordon, J, Ibrahim, B, Khalil, M, Mittapalli, D, Neo, Y N, Patil, P, Peck, F S, Reza, N, Swan, I, Whyte, M, Chaudhry, S, Hernon, J, Khawar, H, OʼBrien, J, Pullinger, M, Rothnie, K, Ujjal, S, Bhatte, S, Curtis, J, Green, S, Mayer, A, Watkinson, G, Chapple, K, Hawthorne, T, Khaliq, M, Majkowski, L, Malik, T A M, Mclauchlan, K, Wei En, B Ng, OʼConnor, T, Parton, S, Robinson, S D, Saat, M I, Shurovi, B N, Varatharasasingam, K, Ward, A E, Behranwala, K, Bertelli, M, Cohen, J, Duff, F, Fafemi, O, Gupta, R, Manimaran, M, Mayhew, J, Peprah, D, Wong, M H Y, Farmer, N, Houghton, C, Kandhari, N, Khan, K, Ladha, D, Mayes, J, McLennan, F, Panahi, P, Seehra, H, Agrawal, R, Ahmed, I, Ali, S, Birkinshaw, F, Choudhry, M, Gokani, S, Harrogate, S, Jamal, S, Nawrozzadeh, F, Swaray, A, Szczap, A, Warusavitarne, J, Abdalla, M, Asemota, N, Cullum, R, Hartley, M, Maxwell-Armstrong, C, Mulvenna, C, Phillips, J, Yule, A, Ahmed, L, Clement, K D, Craig, N, Elseedawy, E, Gorman, D, Kane, L, Livie, J, Livie, V, Moss, E, Naasan, A, Ravi, F, Shields, P, Zhu, Y, Archer, M, Cobley, H, Dennis, R, Downes, C, Guevel, B, Lamptey, E, Murray, H, Radhakrishnan, A, Saravanabavan, S, Sardar, M, Shaw, C, Tilliridou, V, Wright, R, Ye, W, Alturki, N, Helliwell, R, Jones, E, Kelly, D, Lambotharan, S, Scott, K, Sivakumar, R, Victor, L, Boraluwe-Rallage, H, Froggatt, P, Haynes, S, Hung, Y M A, Keyte, A, Matthews, L, Evans, E, Haray, P, John, I, Mathivanan, A, Morgan, L, Oji, O, Okorocha, C, Rutherford, A, Spiers, H, Stageman, N, Tsui, A, Whitham, R, Amoah-Arko, A, Cecil, E, Dietrich, A, Fitzpatrick, H, Guy, C, Hair, J, Hilton, J, Jawad, L, McAleer, E, Taylor, Z, Yap, J, Akhbari, M, Debnath, D, Dhir, T, Elbuzidi, M, Elsaddig, M, Glace, S, Khawaja, H, Koshy, R, Lal, K, Lobo, L, McDermott, A, Meredith, J, Qamar, M A, Vaidya, A, Acquaah, F, Barfi, L, Carter, N, Gnanappiragasam, D, Ji, C, Kaminski, F, Lawday, S, Mackay, K, Sulaiman, S K, Webb, R, Ananthavarathan, P, Dalal, F, Farrar, E, Hashemi, R, Hossain, M, Jiang, J, Kiandee, M, Lex, J, Mason, L, Matthews, J H, McGeorge, E, Modhwadia, S, Pinkney, T, Radotra, A, Rickard, L, Rodman, L, Sales, A, Tan, K L, Bachi, A, Bajwa, D S, Battle, J, Brown, L R, Butler, A, Calciu, A, Davies, E, Gardner, I, Girdlestone, T, Ikogho, O, Keelan, G, OʼLoughlin, P, Tam, J, Elias, J, Ngaage, M, Thompson, J, Bristow, S, Brock, E, Davis, H, Pantelidou, M, Sathiyakeerthy, A, Singh, K, Chaudhry, A, Dickson, G, Glen, P, Gregoriou, K, Hamid, H, Mclean, A, Mehtaji, P, Neophytou, G, Potts, S, Belgaid, D R, Burke, J, Durno, J, Ghailan, N, Hanson, M, Henshaw, V, Nazir, U R, Omar, I, Riley, B J, Roberts, J, Smart, G, Winsen, K Van, Bhatti, A, Chan, M, DʼAuria, M, Green, S, Keshvala, C, Li, H, Maxwell-Armstrong, C, Michaelidou, M, Simmonds, L, Smith, C, Wimalathasan, A, Abbas, J, Cairns, C, Chin, Y R, Connelly, A, Moug, S, Nair, A, Svolkinas, D, Coe, P, Subar, D, Wang, H, Zaver, V, Brayley, J, Cookson, P, Cunningham, L, Gaukroger, A, Ho, M, Hough, A, King, J, OʼHagan, D, Widdison, A, Brown, R, Brown, B, Chavan, A, Francis, S, Hare, L, Lund, J, Malone, N, Mavi, B, McIlwaine, A, Rangarajan, S, Abuhussein, N, Campbell, H S, Daniels, J, Fitzgerald, I, Mansfield, S, Pendrill, A, Robertson, D, Smart, Y W, Teng, T, Yates, J, Belgaumkar, A, Katira, A, Kossoff, J, Kukran, S, Laing, C, Mathew, B, Mohamed, T, Myers, S, Novell, R, Phillips, B L, Thomas, M, Turlejski, T, Turner, S, Varcada, M, Warren, L, Wynell-Mayow, W, Church, R, Linley-Adams, L, Osborn, G, Saunders, M, Spencer, R, Srikanthan, M, Tailor, S, Tullett, A, Ali, M, Al-Masri, S, Carr, G, Ebhogiaye, O, Heng, S, Manivannan, S, Manley, J, McMillan, L E, Peat, C, Phillips, B, Thomas, S, Whewell, H, Williams, G, Bienias, A, Cope, E A, Courquin, G R, Day, L, Garner, C, Gimson, A, Harris, C, Markham, K, Moore, T, Nadin, T, Phillips, C, Subratty, S M, Brown, K, Dada, J, Durbacz, M, Filipescu, T, Harrison, E, Kennedy, E D, Khoo, E, Kremel, D, Lyell, I, Pronin, S, Tummon, R, Ventre, C, Walls, L, Wootton, E, Akhtar, A, Davies, E, El-Sawy, D, Farooq, M, Gaddah, M, Griffiths, H, Katsaiti, I, Khadem, N, Leong, K, Williams, I, Chean, C S, Chudek, D, Desai, H, Ellerby, N, Hammad, A, Malla, S, Murphy, B, Oshin, O, Popova, P, Rana, S, Ward, T, Abbott, T E F, Akpenyi, O, Edozie, F, Matary, R El, English, W, Jeyabaladevan, S, Morgan, C, Naidu, V, Nicholls, K, Peroos, S, Prowle, J, Sansome, S, Torrance, H D, Townsend, D, Brecher, J, Fung, H, Kazmi, Z, Outlaw, P, Pursnani, K, Ramanujam, N, Razaq, A, Sattar, M, Sukumar, S, Tan, T S E, Chohan, K, Dhuna, S, Haq, T, Kirby, S, Lacy-Colson, J, Logan, P, Malik, Q, McCann, J, Mughal, Z, Sadiq, S, Sharif, I, Shingles, C, Simon, A, Burnage, S, Chan, S S N, Craig, A R J, Duffield, J, Dutta, A, Eastwood, M, Iqbal, F, Mahmood, F, Mahmood, W, Patel, C, Qadeer, A, Robinson, A, Rotundo, A, Schade, A, Slade, R D, Freitas, M De, Kinnersley, H, McDowell, E, Moens-Lecumberri, S, Ramsden, J, Rockall, T, Wiffen, L, Wright, S, Bruce, C, Francois, V, Hamdan, K, Limb, C, Lunt, A J, Manley, L, Marks, M, Phillips, C F E, Agnew, C J F, Barr, C J, Benons, N, Hart, S J, Kandage, D, Krysztopik, R, Mahalingam, P, Mock, J, Rajendran, S, Stoddart, M T, Clements, B, Gillespie, H, Lee, S, McDougall, R, Murray, C, OʼLoane, R, Periketi, S, Tan, S, Amoah, R, Bhudia, R, Dudley, B, Gilbert, A, Griffiths, B, Khan, H, McKigney, N, Roberts, B, Samuel, R, Seelarbokus, A, Stubbing-Moore, A, Thompson, G, Williams, P, Ahmed, N, Akhtar, R, Chandler, E, Chappelow, I, Gil, H, Gower, T, Kale, A, Lingam, G, Rutler, L, Sellahewa, C, Sheikh, A, Stringer, H, Taylor, R, Aglan, H, Ashraf, M R, Choo, S, Das, E, Epstein, J, Gentry, R, Mills, D, Poolovadoo, Y, Ward, N, Bull, K, Cole, A, Hack, J, Khawari, S, Lake, C, Mandishona, T, Perry, R, Sleight, S, Sultan, S, Thornton, T, Williams, S, Arif, T, Castle, A, Chauhan, P, Chesner, R, Eilon, T, Kamarajah, S, Kambasha, C, Lock, L, Loka, T, Mohammad, F, Motahariasl, S, Roper, L, Sadhra, S S, Sheikh, A, Toma, T, Wadood, Q, Yip, J, Ainger, E, Busti, S, Cunliffe, L, Flamini, T, Gaffing, S, Moorcroft, C, Peter, M, Simpson, L, Stokes, E, Stott, G, Wilson, J, York, J, Yousaf, A, Borakati, A, Brown, M, Goaman, A, Hodgson, B, Ijeomah, A, Iroegbu, U, Kaur, G, Lowe, C, Mahmood, S, Sattar, Z, Sen, P, Szuman, A, Abbas, N, Al-Ausi, M, Anto, N, Bhome, R, Eccles, L, Elliott, J, Hughes, E J, Jones, A, Karunatilleke, A S, Knight, J S, Manson, C C F, Mekhail, I, Michaels, L, Noton, T M, Okenyi, E, Reeves, T, Yasin, I H, Banfield, D A, Harris, R, Lim, D, Mason-Apps, C, Roe, T, Sandhu, J, Shafiq, N, Stickler, E, Tam, J P, Williams, L M, Ainsworth, P, Boualbanat, Y, Doull, C, Egan, E, Evans, L, Hassanin, K, Ninkovic-Hall, G, Odunlami, W, Shergill, M, Traish, M, Cummings, D, Kershaw, S, Ong, J, Reid, F, Toellner, H, Alwandi, A, Amer, M, George, D, Haynes, K, Hughes, K, Peakall, L, Premakumar, Y, Punjabi, N, Ramwell, A, Sawkins, H, Ashwood, J, Baker, A, Baron, C, Bhide, I, Blake, E, De Cates, C, Esmail, R, Hosamuddin, H, Kapp, J, Nguru, N, Raja, M, Thomson, F, Ahmed, H, Aishwarya, G, Al-Huneidi, R, Ali, S, Aziz, R, Burke, D, Clarke, B, Kausar, A, Maskill, D, Mecia, L, Myers, L, Smith, A C D, Walker, G, Wroe, N, Donohoe, C, Gibbons, D, Jordan, P, Keogh, C, Kiely, A, Lalor, P, McCrohan, M, Powell, C, Foley, M Power, Reynolds, J, Silke, E, Thorpe, O, Tseun Han Kong, J, White, C, Ali, Q, Dalrymple, J, Ge, Y, Khan, H, Luo, R S, Paine, H, Paraskeva, B, Parker, L, Pillai, K, Salciccioli, J, Selvadurai, S, Sonagara, V, Springford, L R, Tan, L, Appleton, S, Leadholm, N, Zhang, Y, Ahern, D, Cotter, M, Cremen, S, Durrigan, T, Flack, V, Hrvacic, N, Jones, H, Jong, B, Keane, K, OʼConnell, P R, Oʼsullivan, J, Pek, G, Shirazi, S, Barker, C, Brown, A, Carr, W, Chen, Y, Guillotte, C, Harte, J, Kokayi, A, Lau, K, McFarlane, S, Morrison, S, Broad, J, Kenefick, N, Makanji, D, Printz, V, Saito, R, Thomas, O, Breen, H, Kirk, S, Kong, C H, OʼKane, A, Eddama, M, Engledow, A, Freeman, S K, Frost, A, Goh, C, Lee, G, Poonawala, R, Suri, A, Taribagil, P, Brown, H, Christie, S, Dean, S, Gravell, R, Haywood, E, Holt, F, Pilsworth, E, Rabiu, R, Roscoe, H W, Shergill, S, Sriram, A, Sureshkumar, A, Tan, L C, Tanna, A, Vakharia, A, Bhullar, S, Brannick, S, Dunne, E, Frere, M, Kerin, M, Kumar, K Muthu, Pratumsuwan, T, Quek, R, Salman, M, Van Den Berg, N, Wong, C, Ahluwalia, J, Bagga, R, Borg, C M, Calabria, C, Draper, A, Farwana, M, Joyce, H, Khan, A, Mazza, M, Pankin, G, Sait, M S, Sandhu, N, Virani, N, Wong, J, Woodhams, K, Croghan, N, Ghag, S, Hogg, G, Ismail, O, John, N, Nadeem, K, Naqi, M, Noe, S M, Sharma, A, Tan, S, Begum, F, Best, R, Collishaw, A, Glasbey, J, Golding, D, Gwilym, B, Harrison, P, Jackman, T, Lewis, N, Luk, Y L, Porter, T, Potluri, S, Stechman, M, Tate, S, Thomas, D, Walford, B, Auld, F, Bleakley, A, Johnston, S, Jones, C, Khaw, J, Milne, S, OʼNeill, S, Singh, K K R, Smith, R, Swan, A, Thorley, N, Yalamarthi, S, Yin, Z D, Ali, A, Balian, V, Bana, R, Clark, K, Livesey, C, McLachlan, G, Mohammad, M, Pranesh, N, Richards, C, Ross, F, Sajid, M, Brooke, M, Francombe, J, Gresly, J, Hutchinson, S, Kerrigan, K, Matthews, E, Nur, S, Parsons, L, Sandhu, A, Vyas, M, White, F, Zulkifli, A, Zuzarte, L, Al-Mousawi, A, Arya, J, Azam, S, Azri Yahaya, A, Gill, K, Hallan, R, Hathaway, C, Leptidis, I, McDonagh, L, Mitrasinovic, S, Mushtaq, N, Pang, N, Peiris, G B, Rinkoff, S, Chan, L, Christopher, E, Farhan-Alanie, M M H, Gonzalez-Ciscar, A, Graham, C J, Lim, H, McLean, K A, Paterson, H M, Rogers, A, Roy, C, Rutherford, D, Smith, F, Zubikarai, G, Al-Khudairi, R, Bamford, M, Chang, M, Cheng, J, Hedley, C, Joseph, R, Mitchell, B, Perera, S, Rothwell, L, Siddiqui, A, Smith, J, Taylor, K, Wright, O Wroe, Baryan, H K, Boyd, G, Conchie, H, Cox, L, Davies, J, Gardner, S, Hill, N, Krishna, K, Lakin, F, Scotcher, S, Alberts, J, Asad, M, Barraclough, J, Campbell, A, Marshall, D, Wakeford, W, Cronbach, P, DʼSouza, F, Gammeri, E, Houlton, J, Hall, M, Kethees, A, Patel, R, Perera, M, Prowle, J, Shaid, M, Webb, E, Beattie, S, Chadwick, M, El-Taji, O, Haddad, S, Mann, M, Patel, M, Popat, K, Rimmer, L, Riyat, H, Smith, H, Anandarajah, C, Cipparrone, M, Desai, K, Gao, C, Goh, E T, Howlader, M, Jeffreys, N, Karmarkar, A, Mathew, G, Mukhtar, H, Ozcan, E, Renukanthan, A, Sarens, N, Sinha, C, Woolley, A, Bogle, R, Komolafe, O, Loo, F, Waugh, D, Zeng, R, Crewe, A, Mathias, J, Mills, A, Owen, A, Prior, A, Saunders, I, Baker, A, Crilly, L, McKeon, J, Ubhi, H K, Adeogun, A, Carr, R, Davison, C, Devalia, S, Hayat, A, Karsan, R B, Osborne, C, Scott, K, Weegenaar, C, Wijeyaratne, M, Babatunde, F, Barnor-Ahiaku, E, Beattie, G, Chitsabesan, P, Dixon, O, Hall, N, Ilenkovan, N, Mackrell, T, Nithianandasivam, N, Orr, J, Palazzo, F, Saad, M, Sandland-Taylor, L, Sherlock, J, Ashdown, T, Chandler, S, Garsaa, T, Lloyd, J, Loh, S Y, Ng, S, Perkins, C, Powell-Chandler, A, Smith, F, and Underhill, R

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. The low-mass Initial Mass Function in the Orion Nebula cluster based on HST/NICMOS III imaging

Author

Andersen, M., Meyer, M. R., Robberto, M., Bergeron, L. E., and Reid, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present deep HST/NICMOS Camera 3 F110W and F160W imaging of a 26'x33', corresponding to 3.1pcx3.8pc, non-contiguous field towards the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The main aim is to determine the ratio of low--mass stars to brown dwarfs for the cluster as a function of radius out to a radial distance of 1.5pc. The sensitivity of the data outside the nebulous central region is F160W=21.0 mag, significantly deeper than previous studies of the region over a comparable area. We create an extinction limited sample and determine the ratio of low-mass stars (0.08-1Msun) to brown dwarfs (0.02-0.08Msun and 0.03-0.08Msun) for the cluster as a whole and for several annuli. The ratio found for the cluster within a radius of 1.5pc is R(02)=N(0.08-1Msun)/N(0.02-0.08Msun)=1.7+-0.2, and R(03)=N(0.08-1Msun)/N(0.03-0.08Msun)=2.4+-0.2, after correcting for field stars. The ratio for the central 0.3pcx0.3pc region down to 0.03Msun was previously found to be R(03)=3.3+0.8-0.7, suggesting the low-mass content of the cluster is mass segregated. We discuss the implications of a gradient in the ratio of stars to brown dwarfs in the ONC in the context of previous measurements of the cluster and for other nearby star forming regions. We further discuss the current evidence for variations in the low-mass IMF and primordial mass segregation., Comment: Accepted to A&A

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Microbial community dynamics and effect of environmental microbial reservoirs on red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus).

Author

Loudon, Andrew H, Woodhams, Douglas C, Parfrey, Laura Wegener, Archer, Holly, Knight, Rob, McKenzie, Valerie, and Harris, Reid N

Subjects
Skin, Animals, Urodela, Bacteria, Chytridiomycota, Mycoses, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Soil Microbiology, Biodiversity, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Microbial Interactions, amphibians, bacterial reservoirs, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, community dynamics, host-bacteria interactions, symbiosis, Microbiology, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Technology
Abstract

Beneficial cutaneous bacteria on amphibians can protect against the lethal disease chytridiomycosis, which has devastated many amphibian species and is caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We describe the diversity of bacteria on red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) in the wild and the stability of these communities through time in captivity using culture-independent Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. After field sampling, salamanders were housed with soil from the field or sterile media. The captive conditions led to different trajectories of bacterial communities. Eight OTUs present on >90% of salamanders in the field, through time, and in both treatments were defined as the core community, suggesting that some bacteria are closely associated with the host and are independent of an environmental reservoir. One of these taxa, a Pseudomonas sp., was previously cultured from amphibians and found to be antifungal. As all host-associated bacteria were found in the soil reservoir, environmental microbes strongly influence host-microbial diversity and likely regulate the core community. Using PICRUSt, an exploratory bioinformatics tool to predict gene functions, we found that core skin bacteria provided similar gene functions to the entire community. We suggest that future experiments focus on testing whether core bacteria on salamander skin contribute to the observed resistance to chytridiomycosis in this species even under hygenic captive conditions. For disease-susceptible hosts, providing an environmental reservoir with defensive bacteria in captive-rearing programs may improve outcomes by increasing bacterial diversity on threatened amphibians or increasing the likelihood that defensive bacteria are available for colonization.

Published
2014

38. Host microbiomes and disease

Author

McDonald, James E., primary, Harris, Reid N., additional, Doonan, James, additional, Carryl, Sophia, additional, Sze, Marc, additional, Mckenzie, Valerie, additional, and Gilbert, Jack A., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Microbiomes of soils, plants and animals: an introduction

Author

Antwis, Rachael E., primary, Harrison, Xavier A., additional, J. Cox, Michael, additional, Carryl, Sophia, additional, Dewar, Meagan, additional, Doonan, James, additional, Fry, Ellen L., additional, Gilbert, Jack A., additional, Greenwood, Bethan, additional, Harris, Reid N., additional, Lewis, Zenobia, additional, Lizé, Anne, additional, McDonald, James E., additional, Mckenzie, Valerie, additional, Sze, Marc, additional, and Zhu, Feng, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Likelihood inference in the presence of nuisance parameters

Author

Reid, N. and Fraser, D. A. S.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

We describe some recent approaches to likelihood based inference in the presence of nuisance parameters. Our approach is based on plotting the likelihood function and the $p$-value function, using recently developed third order approximations. Orthogonal parameters and adjustments to profile likelihood are also discussed. Connections to classical approaches of conditional and marginal inference are outlined., Comment: Talk from PhyStat2003, Stanford, Ca, USA, September 2003, 7 pages, LaTeX, 5 ps figures, PSN THAT001

Published
2003

42. Inference for bounded parameters

Author

Fraser, D. A. S., Reid, N., and Wong, A. C. M.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

The estimation of signal frequency count in the presence of background noise has had much discussion in the recent physics literature, and Mandelkern [1] brings the central issues to the statistical community, leading in turn to extensive discussion by statisticians. The primary focus however in [1] and the accompanying discussion is on the construction of a confidence interval. We argue that the likelihood function and $p$-value function provide a comprehensive presentation of the information available from the model and the data. This is illustrated for Gaussian and Poisson models with lower bounds for the mean parameter.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Community richness of amphibian skin bacteria correlates with bioclimate at the global scale

Author

Kueneman, Jordan G., Bletz, Molly C., McKenzie, Valerie J., Becker, C. Guilherme, Joseph, Maxwell B., Abarca, Juan G., Archer, Holly, Arellano, Ana Lisette, Bataille, Arnaud, Becker, Matthew, Belden, Lisa K., Crottini, Angelica, Geffers, Robert, Haddad, Célio. F. B., Harris, Reid N., Holden, Whitney M., Hughey, Myra, Jarek, Michael, Kearns, Patrick J., Kerby, Jacob L., Kielgast, Jos, Kurabayashi, Atsushi, Longo, Ana V., Loudon, Andrew, Medina, Daniel, Nuñez, José J., Perl, R. G. Bina, Pinto-Tomás, Adrián, Rabemananjara, Falitiana C. E., Rebollar, Eria A., Rodríguez, Ariel, Rollins-Smith, Louise, Stevenson, Robert, Tebbe, Christoph C., Vargas Asensio, Gabriel, Waldman, Bruce, Walke, Jenifer B., Whitfield, Steven M., Zamudio, Kelly R., Zúñiga Chaves, Ibrahim, Woodhams, Douglas C., and Vences, Miguel

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. The USNO-B Catalog

Author

Monet, D., Levine, S., Canzian, B., Ables, H., Bird, A., Dahn, C., Guetter, H., Harris, H., Henden, A., Leggett, S., Levison, H., Luginbuhl, C., Martini, J., Monet, A., Munn, J., Pier, J., Rhodes, A., Riepe, B., Sell, S., Stone, R., Vrba, F., Walker, R., Westerhout, G., Brucato, R., Reid, N., Schoening, W., Hartley, M., Read, M., and Tritton, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

USNO-B is an all-sky catalog that presents positions, proper motions, magnitudes in various optical passbands, and star/galaxy estimators for 1,042,618,261 objects derived from 3,643,201,733 separate observations. The data were obtained from scans of 7,435 Schmidt plates taken for the various sky surveys during the last 50 years. USNO-B1.0 is believed to provide all-sky coverage, completeness down to V = 21, 0.2 arcsecond astrometric accuracy at J2000, 0.3 magnitude photometric accuracy in up to five colors, and 85% accuracy for distinguishing stars from non-stellar objects. A brief discussion of various issues is given here, but the actual data are available from http://www.nofs.navy.mil and other sites., Comment: Accepted by Astronomical Journal

Published
2002
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Using decision analysis to support proactive management of emerging infectious wildlife diseases

Author

Grant, Evan H Campbell, Muths, Erin, Katz, Rachel A, Canessa, Stefano, Adams, Michael J, Ballard, Jennifer R, Berger, Lee, Briggs, Cheryl J, Coleman, Jeremy TH, Gray, Matthew J, Harris, M Camille, Harris, Reid N, Hossack, Blake, Huyvaert, Kathryn P, Kolby, Jonathan, Lips, Karen R, Lovich, Robert E, McCallum, Hamish I, Mendelson, Joseph R, Nanjappa, Priya, Olson, Deanna H, Powers, Jenny G, Richgels, Katherine LD, Russell, Robin E, Schmidt, Benedikt R, Spitzen-van der Sluijs, Annemarieke, Watry, Mary Kay, Woodhams, Douglas C, and White, C LeAnn

Published
2017

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results