Search

Safety of blood is a daunting task, particularly in India, where HBV infection is highly prevalent (2-4%), HCV infection (2%) and HIV .infection (0.29%) among blood donors. The objective of this research is to assess the impact of donor nuclear acid testing (ID‐NAT) on individuals in addition to Chemiluminescence. Immunoassay (ChLIA) on safety of blood transfusion currently in India. In order to assess the data from three years of extra NAT testing at Blood and Component Bank, J.N. Medical College and Hospital, AMU, Aligarh, a retrospective observational study was done. 2.11% (2431 of 115298) units were ID-NAT reactive while only 1.86% (2147 of 115298) units were reactive by ChLIA. AID-NAT yield (NAT only reactive i.e sero-negative with ChLIA) of 0.25% (284 of 115298) was detected. 1 in 398 was the overall ID-NAT yield rate. In 3 years, ID‐NATtesting prevented 284 probable .ID-NATimplementation for TTIs up to 1136 (assuming 100% component separation) and recipients of transfusions.in addition to Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ChLIA) has improved the outcome in terms of safety of blood transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Tasleem. Arif, Mohammad. Adil, Suhailur. Rehman A 60-year-old healthy female presented with gradually increasing, spiky projections on both palms for 5 years. On examination, multiple, discrete, firmly adherent, keratotic [...]

Background: Cytologic examination of body fluids commonly involves the use of direct or sediment smears, cytocentrifuge preparations, membrane filter preparations, or cell block sections. Cytospin and cell block techniques are extremely useful in improving cell yield of thin serous effusions and urine samples, and ensure high diagnostic efficacy. Materials and Methods: We studied cytospin preparations and cell block sections prepared from 180 samples of body fluids and urine samples to compare the relative efficiency of cell retrieval, preservation of cell morphology, ease of application of special stains, and diagnostic efficacy. Samples were collected and processed to prepare cytospin smears and cell block sections. Results: We observed that overall, cell yield and preservation of individual cell morphology were better in cytospin preparations as compared to cell blocks, while preservation of architectural pattern was better in cell block sections. The number of suspicious cases also decreased on cell block sections, with increased detection of malignancy. It was difficult to prepare cell blocks from urine samples due to low cellularity. Conclusions: Cytospin technology is a quick, efficient, and cost-effective method of increasing cell yield in hypocellular samples, with better preservation of cell morphology. Cell blocks are better prepared from high cellularity fluids; however, tissue architecture is better studied, with improved rate of diagnosis and decrease in ambiguous results. Numerous sections can be prepared from a small amount of material. Special stains and immunochemical stains can be easily applied to cell blocks. It also provides a source of archival material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of RBC storage system in a blood bank is to counteract damage to the metabolic machinery and the membrane, to improve post-transfusion viability. In recent years, the need for strict control over the quality of blood has been emphasised. Such quality indicator includes extend of hemolysis and morphological changes of RBC during storage. This study was design to see extend of hemolysis and level of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and plasma potassium, during processing and storage at different intervals under blood bank condition. Forty-six donors were selected and blood units were collected and stored under blood bank conditions. Mean plasma haemoglobin of stored blood was estimated by tetra methyl benzidine method (TMB) and percentage hemolysis was calculated on day 0, 1, 7, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. Similarly plasma LDH and plasma potassium level was also assessed during storage. It was noted that free haemoglobin level and percentage hemolysis progressively increased with storage along with the level of LDH and potassium. However, extend of hemolysis did not exceed the permissible limit of 0.8% up to 42 days of storage. 15 blood bags which showed visual hemolysis on day 28 did not exceeded the threshold of 0.8% hemolysis, when interpreted by TMB method. It was concluded that TMB method is better than visual method for determination of hemolysis. The reduced hemolysis at this centre may be accounted for the use of additive solution SAGM (Saline, Adenine, Glucose, Mannitol) and DEHP (di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate) as plasticizer in blood bags for storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a heterogeneous entity with many underlying causes, ranging from self-limiting benign disease to severe neoplastic proliferations. Fine-needle aspiration is a cost-effective and reliable tool for initial investigation of enlarged lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted on 326 patients with metastatic disease in order to evaluate the efficacy of cytology in diagnosing malignancies metastatizing to the lymph node and predicting their primary origin as well as to find the relative frequency of different malignancies. The findings were also correlated with histopathology. Results: Cervical lymph nodes were the most frequently involved group, followed by axillary, supraclavicular, and inguinal lymph nodes. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma were the most common cytological diagnosis. Among the cases with known primary tumors, head and neck was the most common site followed by breast carcinoma. Most common lymph node group to be aspirated in cases with unknown primary was cervical lymph node, and SCC was most frequently diagnosed cases. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of cytological diagnosis were calculated to be 100% and 93.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Fine-needle aspiration cytology has a very high sensitivity and positive predictive value and hence, a presumptive diagnosis can be made along with the detection of the primary site in case of metastatic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clear cell adenofibromas of borderline malignancy are extremely rare tumors of the ovaries. They may be associated with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas which typically present as large adnexal masses and are generally considered highly malignant. We describe the case of a postmenopausal female with an ovarian mass diagnosed as atypical (borderline) proliferating clear cell adenofibroma. The patient is alive and well without signs of recurrence three years after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molluscum contagiosum is a cutaneous viral infection presenting as multiple pearly white umblicated vesicles. Fine-needle aspiration cytology plays a pivotal role in establishing the rapid and correct diagnosis of clinically unsuspected cases, thereby aiding proper patient management. Our case report focuses on the diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum in a 30-year-old male with atypical presentation as a solitary ulcerated nodule on the right cheek. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure apocrine carcinoma of the breast is one of the rare variants of invasive breast carcinoma. Significant research has been conducted on cases of apocrine carcinoma, and the results may help in development of new therapies and assessing prognosis. We hereby present a case of pure invasive apocrine carcinoma in a 50-year old female, with a short review of recent developments with regard to this lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]