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The study of the Nile Puffer Fish (Tetraodon lineatus) from Lake Nasser, Aswan, Egypt is still at a very early stage. Samples from two locations (Khor El Ramla and Tushka East) from Lake Nasser were studied. Partial sequences of the COI gene (barcode) for 20 Nile Puffer Fish from Lake Nasser were successfully amplified and analyzed. The average of nucleotides composition percent of both locations samples was 25.88, 31.54, 24.53, and 18.05 for T, C, A, and G respectively. The base composition analysis of both locations samples of the COI sequence revealed that AT content (50.41%) was higher than GC (49.59%). The current results of the phylogenetic analysis of Lake Nasser samples indicate that there are three groups of Nile Pufferfish in Lake Nasser. Two of them are presented in the south and the last one in the north and south of the Lake. Conversely, the GenBank and Lake Nasser samples indicate that there are two haplotypes from Tetraodon lineatus of the two locations from Lake Nasser based on the partial sequence of the COI gene. The first haplotype includes different samples from the two studied locations (North and south Lake) and the second includes five samples from the North Lake. Finally, the present phylogenetic results for Nile Pufferfish in Lake Nasser (Tetraodon lineatus), together with other African freshwater groups, matched with the monophyletic origin of African freshwater Puffer fishes. As a conclusion, overall data collected from this study will be fundamental for the Lake Nasser fishery and the handling of the problems caused by Nile pufferfish. Therefore, proper utilization of this species towards sustainable management, nutritional composition, and biosecurity issues will lead to achieving a sustainable blue economy.

Seaweeds can play a vital role in plant growth promotion. Two concentrations (5 and 10 mg/mL) of soluble polysaccharides extracted from the green macroalgae

In the present study, RAPD-PCR was used for identification of two mint species (Mentha spicata and Mentha piperita) collected from Egypt and studying the genetic variations among them. RAPD-PCR was conducted using ten oligonucleotide primers. The ten primers succeeded in amplifying of DNA fragments for the two Mentha species. These primers produced multiple fragments profiles ranging from 3 to 19 fragments. The polymorphism levels differed from primer to another. The number of polymorphic fragments ranged from 0 to 66.29 per primer. The total number of the obtained fragments from the ten primers was 83 fragments with 39 polymorphic fragments (46.98 %) across the two mint species. Forty percent of primers did not exhibit any polymorphism. This study provides evidence that RAPD Markers can be used as an efficient tool for the detection of the genetic variations and identifications of different mint species.

The basic structure of plastics (or polymers) is given by macromolecule chains, formulated from monomer units by chemical reactions, such: Poly vinyl chloride (PVC), Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), Bisphenol A (BPA) and Polypropylene (PP), depending on the type of bonding partners. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of plastic on Egyptian workers who had undergone for liver function analysis, (AST and ALT), and (SERPINA1 gene) which provides instructions for making a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT), which is a type of serine protease inhibitor (serpin). One hundred male participants from Qluobiya Governorate were included in this study. They were divided into two groups, 50 healthy participants with no history of plastic exposure (control), and 50 workers occupationally exposed to plastic. Liver functions of both groups (AST & ALT) were determined spectrophotometrically, also liver viruses were analysed for all populations (control and exposer), and the result was negative for all. The two groups were compared as regards to genotype results in a version of the (SERPINA1 gene), they are S and Z allele genotypes that produces alpha-1 antitrypsin using ARMS PCR (Amplification-Refractory Mutation System). The results showed Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were significantly (p

Despite water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) has become the world’s worst invasive aquatic weed due to its rapid proliferation rate. It has demonstrated abilities to be used as a raw material in various useful applications. In this study, shredded dried water hyacinth was used as biofertilizer for tomato plants. Five concentrations of water hyacinth (10,20,30,40 and 50%) were added to soil consisted of three parts sand and one part peat moss. The 15 days tomato seedlings were collected where; Peroxidase enzyme activity and profiling of nine RAPD primers out of 10 were studied. The enzyme activity was increased in parallel with water hyacinth concentration in the soil. On the other hand the RAPD profiles showed no variations between all treatments and the control.

Information on germplasm variability and relationships among elite materials is fundamentally important in crop improvement. In this study, genetic variability of 11 maize genotypes, three testers [Giza 1, Single cross 10 (S.C.10) and Three ways cross 310 (T.W.C. 310)] and eight selfed inbred lines (S1.19, S1.45, S1.46, S1.50, S1.51, S1.59, S1.61 and S1.64) was tested using ten microsatellite (SSRs) loci distributed on 10 chromosomes of maize, and 50 SRAP marker combinations, regarding the means of dry weight of 100 grains. For the SSRs results, only six markers were polymorphic. A total of 24 alleles were detected among the maize genotypes. At each locus, the number of alleles varied from one to five, with an average of 2.1 alleles. On the basis of the genetic similarity coefficients, the SSRs UPGMA clustering analysis separated the genotypes into two clusters showing four groups. The most unrelated genotypes were S1.19 and S1.61 where they had 0.48 genetic similarities. The PIC ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 with an average of 0.31. The SRAP results gained 37 polymorphic primers combinations with polymorphism average of 53.4%. The most related genotypes were inbred lines S1.50 and S1.45 with genetic similarity of 0.84. The PIC ranged from 0.24 to 0.91 with an average of 0.68. The combined results of both SSRs and SRAP create a dendrogram with three groups.

Diversity of four domesticated wheat cultivars (Sids 1, Sakha 93, Giza 168 and Gemmeiza 10 and two wild wheat (Aegilops ventricosa and Aegilops kotchyi) were analyzed by morphological, biochemical and molecular analysis. Five morphological characteristics i.e. Heading to date (days), stem number/plant, number of spike/plant, grain number/spike and 1000 grains weight (g) were calculated to show the difference among wheat cultivars and their relatives Aegilops species. High significant variations were observed among the wild and domesticated wheat cultivars. The four domesticated wheat cultivars was earlier in heading to date compared with the wild species with range 20 to 31 days in average. Biochemical analysis for peroxidase isozymes profile exhibited three marker bands (PxA1, PxC1 and PxC3) for the wild type cultivars, also Ae. ventricosa expressed unique marker band at Px5c locus. Fourteen (10 mer) RAPD-PCR were used to detect the genetic diversity. In Total of 550 amplified fragments, 51 DNA specific markers were detected. The number of reproducible bands/primer varied between 18 for primer OPC-12 and 56 for primer OPH-11 with a total of 550 bands. The largest number of these markers was specific for wild wheat, Ae. ventricoas and Ae. kotchyi (20 and 12 markers, in respect). Furthermore, two specific large markers (1801 and 2332 bp) were observed in the two wild types. Also, two specific markers (280 and 987 bp) were reported for domesticated wheat Sakha 93. While, Giza 168 showed 5 specific marker (209, 311, 578, 873 and 2510 bp) and finally Sids 1 and Gemmeiza 10 exhibited 6 specific marker ranged from (400 to 1108 bp). High similarity between the two wild wheat types was recorded. The four domesticated wheat cultivars were clustered in one group.

Cistanche phelypea (Fam. Orbanchaceae) is a parasite plant on the root of the host plant. The main natural hosts are the woody species of family chenopodiaceae such as Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and family Zygophyllacea such as Zygophyllum album. It is an obligate parasite which totally depends on its host for water, minerals and organic nutrients. Many species belonging to the same family have the same phenomenon such as orbanche crenata Forsk which attacks legume plants, specially, Vicia faba. Cistanche phelypea L., grows in Egypt in low density but scattered on a large area of the country. It can be recognized in the Nile region including Faiyum, the Oases of the western desert including Siwa, the Red Sea coastal strip, and the entire Sinai Peninsula including the coastal of the Mediterranean. It grows in sandy and alluvial soil, edges of cultivated fields as a parasite on plant roots. In this study the species was surveyed and photographed in Siwa Oasis and in different obliterated Oasis around Siwa Depression. For the first time in Egypt, morphological, chemical study, RAPD molecular markers and biochemical genetic analysis of Peroxidase isozymes were carried out in order to identify the genetical and morphological description of the species including the identification of genetic variation in the studied populations.

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., 2n = 36) is a fruit tree mainly cultivated in arid regions in the Middle East, where it has been domesticated for at least 5,000 years and is believed to have originated in Mesopotamia. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) is the major factor of oasis environmental and economic stability (Zehdi et al., 2004). The major date producers in the world are located in the Middle East and North Africa (Rania et al., 2008). In Egypt, date palm is an important crop where the total number of fruitful female palm is about 10 million palm trees according to the statistics of the Central Administrations of Horticultural, Ministry of Agriculture (Rania et al., 2008). This crop is of a great socioeconomic importance in oases. The oasis of Siwa located in Egypt’s western desert is about 600 km away from Alexandria and 300 km South-West from Matrouh (Mediterranean coast) and about 65 km east from the Libyan borders. Siwa oasis is a natural isolated depression in the western desert of Egypt. However, little is known about the genetic characterization of Date palm cultivars. The date palm cultivation takes about 40% of all cultivated area. The pollen of the date palm has been found to exert a direct influence on the size, shape and color of the seed and also, on the size of the fruit, on the speed of development of the fruit and on the time of ripening of the fruit. This direct influence of the male parent on the development of the date fruit is precise and definite and varies with the particular male used to fertilize the female flowers. Each male is exerting approximately the same effect on fruit of all varieties and exerting the same effect in different years. Therefore, it is important to select and identify superior male in term of fertilization (Walter, 1928). Recently, study of genetic diversity for plant crops is the process by which variation among individuals or groups of individuals is analyzed by a specific genetically method or a combination of such methods. The most important measurements are data obtained by DNA based marker data that detect and monitor identification of different genomes. Many new markers can be identified in the same region using inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers linked to genes of interest. Furthermore, ISSR is informative about many loci and are suitable to discriminate closely related genotype variants and lastly, ISSR markers constitute discrete markers suitable in the DNA fingerprinting (Gupta and Varshney, 2000). The objectives of this study were designed to the determine morphological traits among nine date palm cultivars and six male trees grow in Siwa oasis and develop molecular fingerprints based RAPD and ISSR analysis. Moreover, through the obtained data, determine genetic relationships among these cultivars by applying morphological and molecular analysis.