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Objective: To characterize how mentorship has been perceived, received, and practiced by individuals in the field of rehabilitation psychology across the career lifespan. Method: Current members of the American Psychological Association Division 22 (Rehabilitation Psychology) were invited to complete an electronic survey via REDCap assessing individual experiences and perspectives on mentorship. Thematic analysis was used to identify key constructs and themes. Results: 39 participants (n = 25 mentors) completed the survey with valid responses. Participants spanned the career lifespan, ranging from predoctoral trainees to late-senior psychologists. Mentorship was generally perceived as helpful for both mentors and mentees. Several important qualities of mentors (e.g., availability, communication skills, self-disclosure, and emotional support) and mentees (e.g., flexibility, motivation, and openness to feedback) were identified. Among both groups, mentorship was viewed as especially beneficial for obtaining American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) board certification, which may reflect an aspect of mentoring unique to Division 22. Existing gaps in mentorship and key areas for improvement were also identified; access to mid- to late-career mentorship emerged as a notable gap in mentorship. Increased program structure, networking opportunities, and research mentorship were also identified as possible areas of growth. Conclusions: This study provides meaningful insights into mentorship within the field of rehabilitation psychology. Our findings demonstrate the value of mentorship across the career lifespan, and the beneficial role of mentorship in obtaining ABPP board certification. In addition, we identify key areas of growth that can inform and improve mentorship within the field. Impact and Implications: The results provide valuable insights into the perspectives of mentors and mentees regarding their views on mentorship, and can help mentors and mentees identify areas in need of improvement and guide them in fostering effective mentoring relationships. This study identifies the importance of mentorship across the career lifespan, wherein mentorship for individuals who are advanced in their careers is identified as being equally important, although not necessarily as available, as early career mentorship. APA mentoring programs should offer mentor–mentee matches specifically geared toward mid- to late-career psychologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Obstructive sleep apnea is a common yet often overlooked chronic sleep disorder with significant health implications globally. Bedpartners play a vital role in motivating individuals with obstructive sleep apnea to seek medical help, though their sleep quality may suffer, straining the couple's relationship. From September 2023 to January 2024, utilizing PubMed, Scopus, BioMed Central, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and www.clinicaltrials.gov databases, this systematic review meticulously examined data from 27 studies to investigate how continuous positive airway pressure therapy, recognized as the gold‐standard for treating obstructive sleep apnea, may positively influence psychological dynamics within couples. Additionally, a meta‐analysis was conducted on nine studies, to assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure on erectile function, which is often compromised in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The PRISMA checklist and specific quality assessments were followed to ensure methodological rigour and transparency. Findings reveal positive changes in conflict resolution for patients with obstructive sleep apnea post‐ continuous positive airway pressure adaptation (p < 0.05). Emotional functioning (p = 0.002) and social relationships (p < 0.001) also show improvements in bedpartners. While six subjective assessments indicate enhancements in sexual quality of life for patients with obstructive sleep apnea, challenges related to continuous positive airway pressure use as a barrier to intimacy are acknowledged. Focusing on male patients with obstructive sleep apnea, findings demonstrated a substantial improvement in erectile function post‐continuous positive airway pressure utilization, with a Z‐score of 4.84 (p < 0.00001). Female patients with obstructive sleep apnea using continuous positive airway pressure show no significant improvements in sexual functioning, while female bedpartners report positive changes. These insights emphasize the importance of holistic approaches in addressing the impact of obstructive sleep apnea on both individuals and their relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychologists have been applying neurorehabilitation models of care for many years. These practitioners come from different training backgrounds and use a variety of titles to refer to themselves despite considerable overlap in practice patterns, professional identification, and salary. Titles like 'neurorehabilitation psychologist' and 'rehabilitation neuropsychologist' are sometimes used by practitioners in the field to indicate their specialty area, but are not formally recognized by the American Psychological Association, the American Board of Professional Psychology, or by training councils in clinical neuropsychology (CN) or rehabilitation psychology (RP). Neither the CN or RP specialties alone fully address or define the competencies, skill sets, and clinical experiences required to provide high quality, comprehensive neurorehabilitation psychology services across settings. Therefore, irrespective of practice setting, we believe that both clinical neuropsychologists and rehabilitation psychologists should ideally have mastery of specific, overlapping competencies and a philosophical approach to care that we call neurorehabilitation psychology in this paper. Trainees and early career professionals who aspire to practice in this arena are often pressured to prioritize either CN or RP pathways over the other, with anxiety about perceived and real potential for falling short in their training goals. In the absence of an explicit training path or formal guidelines, these professionals emerge only after the opportunity, privilege, or frank luck of working with specific mentors or in exceptional patient care settings that lend themselves to obtaining integrated competencies in neurorehabilitation psychology. This paper reflects the efforts of 7 practitioners to preliminarily define the practice and philosophies of neurorehabilitation psychology, the skill sets and competencies deemed essential for best practice, and essential training pathway elements. We propose competencies designed to maximize the integrity of training and provide clear guideposts for professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objective: U.S. health organizations, including Division 22 of the American Psychological Association, the Society for Critical Care Medicine, and the American Thoracic Society advocate for psychological treatment that improves long-term outcomes in critical illness survivors. However, limited information exists with regard to psychology training opportunities in intensive care settings. We aim to identify and describe (a) existing psychology programs with training in intensive care settings and (b) barriers to finding these training opportunities. Research Method/Design: Using aspects of the Arksey and O'Malley Framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews reporting checklist as guides, two independent reviewers searched the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC) Directory and Universal Psychology Postdoctoral Directory (UPPD) to identify programs with training experiences in intensive care settings. Results: Searching the APPIC Directory did not reliably or accurately identify training opportunities in intensive care settings. Thus, only programs identified in the more reliable UPPD search were considered for inclusion. After duplicates were removed, searches using the UPPD yielded 31 programs for review. Of those, 22 programs met inclusion, offering heterogeneous training in intensive care settings. Conclusions/Implications: These results suggest few opportunities exist for psychology training in intensive care settings and available opportunities are difficult to identify using standard search methods. The identified challenges also emphasize the need for advanced search features for training opportunities within APPIC/UPPD and/or a list of programs offering these training opportunities. Our results highlight the importance of program descriptions that accurately and comprehensively reflect training opportunities—particularly relating to opportunities in intensive care settings. Impact and Implications: This report adds to the existing literature in rehabilitation psychology education and training as well as critical care psychology, an emerging subspecialty of rehabilitation psychology, by identifying challenges and emphasizing the need for improved directory search features for specialty training; and highlighting the gap between a current clinical need and limited psychology workforce development opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objective: Older adults typically receive rehabilitation services following an acute medical event within the context of declining health. Post-acute rehabilitation often serves as a "boiling point" for health needs and is met with numerous shared emotional stressors related to recovery, long-term care, and end-of-life considerations among older patients and their care-partners—referred to together as a dyad. Psychosocial intervention that targets patients and care-partners separately misses the opportunity to support dyads who typically navigate health-related emotional challenges together. In the context of chronic and serious illness, dyadic interventions (i.e., patient and informal care-partner, together) can successfully reduce emotional distress as well as improve communication and collaborative illness management. However, this approach has yet to be applied to older post-acute rehabilitation patients and their care-partners. Research Method/Design: In this commentary, we outline the need for dyadic psychosocial intervention approaches with older adults and their family care-partners in the context of post-acute rehabilitation. Results: First, we provide evidence for the potential benefits of a dyadic approach to psychosocial care. Next, we review theoretical models as well as clinically relevant confounding factors that can inform dyadic psychosocial case conceptualization and intervention. Finally, we offer a real-world clinical case example that demonstrates the opportunity for dyadic intervention to address common psychosocial challenges seen by psychologists in post-acute rehabilitation settings. Conclusions/Implications: Our goal is to encourage rehabilitation psychologists to view dyadic intervention as a first-line approach to psychosocial care with the growing population of older adults and their family care-partners in post-acute rehabilitation settings. Impact and Implications: Older adults receiving postacute rehabilitation care and their care-partners experience shared stressors related to recovery, long-term care, and end-of-life needs that create unique psychosocial challenges among patient–care-partner dyads. Dyadic approaches to psychosocial care are underexplored but could be the optimal approach for addressing psychosocial challenges that arise in postacute rehabilitation settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rehabilitation psychology is based on the biopsychosocial model of health and thus includes attention to psychosocial support needs after loss of somatic functions. Human-animal interaction may augment several kinds of treatment and support. Both fields are relatively new, and their intersection has been sparsely explored. This article introduces the fields, elaborates on three intersections between them, and discusses psychologists' roles in these. The elaborations are based on reviews and exemplars of contributions in human-animal interaction research, and we advocate and apply the IAHAIO standards for terminology and human and animal welfare that have become the consensus view for about 100 organizations across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate longitudinally the role of mental toughness (MT) in knee rehabilitation in terms of perceived pain and functionality in a sample of older adults with arthritis who adhered to their postsurgery clinic-based rehabilitation protocols and provide suggestions to rehabilitation psychologists. Design: To strengthen the internal validity of this study, we designed our methods and implementation in a way to minimize bias by utilizing the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Before–After (Pre–Post) Studies With No Control Group. The data were collected from 92 older-adult patients, who had a diagnosis of osteoarthritis and underwent knee surgery. All patients were diagnosed, underwent surgery, and were evaluated by the same physician. We administered the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) to measure rehabilitation outcomes in terms of pain and functionality and the MT Index (MTI) to measure MT levels three times: 1 day before and 1 and 6 months after the surgery. We used a multilevel growth model to examine the change in the OKS across administrations using MTI scores as a time-varying covariate and sex, age at surgery, and knee as time-invariant covariates. Results: About 62% of the variability in OKS was due to between-patient differences. Of the variability that was attributable to differences within-patient across time, MT accounted for about 38% of the variability. Conclusions: MT could be another, positive psychology-based tool rehabilitation psychologists use to contribute to health promotion efforts to reduce the incidence of disability of older adults with osteoarthritis who undergo knee replacement surgery. Impact and Implications: Following control for in-clinic rehabilitation adherence of patients after total knee replacement surgery, this is the first study to investigate the proportion of variance in knee rehabilitation-related pain and function accounted for by mental toughness (MT) across time and the potential interaction of MT and time on the growth trajectory in knee rehabilitation-related pain and function. The study highlights the importance of considering individual levels of MT in knee rehabilitation outcomes and suggests that nearly 40% of the change across time is accounted for by an individual's MT levels. The findings indicate that healthcare providers, including surgeons and physical therapists, should focus on a multidisciplinary approach to managing the rehabilitation of total knee replacement and consider collaborating with rehabilitation psychologists to develop ways to increase MT levels before surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Virtual reality (VR) technology has experienced a steady rise and has been widely applied in the field of rehabilitation. The integration of VR technology in rehabilitation has shown promising results in enhancing their motivation for treatment, thereby enabling patients to actively engage in rehab training. Despite the advancement, there is a dearth of comprehensive summary and analysis on the use of VR technology to enhance patient motivation in rehabilitation. Thus, this narrative review aims to evaluate the potential of VR technology in enhancing patient motivation during motor rehabilitation training. This review commences with an explanation of how enhancing motivation through the VR rehabilitation system could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of rehabilitation training. Then, the technology was analyzed to improve patient motivation in the present VR rehabilitation system in detail. Furthermore, these technologies are classified and summarized to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art approaches for enhancing patient motivation in VR rehabilitation. Findings showed VR rehabilitation training utilizes game-like exercises to enhance the engagement and enjoyment of rehabilitation training. By immersing patients in a simulated environment with multisensory feedback, VR systems offer a unique approach to rehabilitation that can lead to improved patient motivation. Both ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes, which is not typically achievable with traditional rehabilitation methods. The review concludes that VR rehabilitation presents an opportunity to improve patient motivation and adherence to long-term rehabilitation training. However, to further enhance patient self-efficacy, VR rehabilitation should integrate psychology and incorporate methods. Moreover, it is necessary to build a game design theory for rehabilitation games, and the latest VR feedback technology should also be introduced.

Copyright of Szkoła Specjalna is the property of Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im Marii Grzegorzewskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rehabilitation psychology is based on foundational principles that can guide us toward health equity among disabled and nondisabled communities. We summarize the literature on disparities in the disability community and underscore the urgency to address underlying inequities to eliminate disparities. We include examples of population-level interventions that promote equity in the disability community. We conclude with a call for a broader mission for rehabilitation psychologists based on the field's foundational principles, and outline emerging opportunities to widen our impact and advance equity. Our foundational principles, built on systems theory, call on rehabilitation psychologist to work at macrosystemic levels. As rehabilitation psychologists, we need to widen our focus from the micro (individual) to the macro (population) level. We need to bring the respect, dignity, and collaborative spirit that inspire our work with individuals to the broader community by advocating for structures and policies that promote equity for disabled persons. Impact and Implications: This article underscores the existing health disparities, and influence of inequities, among people with disabilities and chronic health conditions; informs readers about the inherent social justice nature of rehabilitation psychology's foundational principles, which can guide the field in promoting equity among individuals with disabilities and chronic conditions; and recommends that we, as rehabilitation psychologists, broaden our focus from the micro (individual) to the macro (population) level by joining our approaches with the field of public health to promote equity among a wider group of disabled persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a silent and global epidemic which creates an aftermath of convoluted dynamics. Despite significant incidence rates and increasing awareness over the long-term catastrophic implications, there remain marked contrasts between acute vs. post-acute rehabilitation processes in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To explore existing research and highlight the complexity of TBIs to inform vital changes needed to reduce the significant differences and inconsistencies across post-acute treatment settings. To highlight how psychologists/neuropsychologists and other rehabilitation professionals maintain a prominent operational presence in post-acute settings resulting in key leadership opportunities to support a more efficient longitudinal continuation of care model. METHODS: Literature search of various health science databases was completed for articles between 1987 to 2019 to explore the range and depth of post-acute treatment, model, and outcomes research. RESULTS: Despite progressive medical advancements, translation of relevant rehabilitation research and practices into post-acute treatment settings remains inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: Significant barriers remain for objective and comprehensive evaluation(s) of post-acute program quality and purported patient outcomes in the United States. There remains a lack of consensually relevant and objective metrics. Further investigation is recommended for: consensus on longitudinal post-acute brain injury outcome measures; functional relevance of program accreditations/certifications; outcome differences based on team composition and program resources; and patient/stakeholder variables/input to support optimal post-acute service access and delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: A stroke event, sometimes referred to as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a sudden and often traumatic life event that results in life-changing consequences with which affected people must cope. There are nearly 800,000 instances of stroke annually in the U.S. (American Heart Association, 2018). Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults, and more than one-third of people who survive a stroke will have severe disability in the U.S. (Mayo, 2005). Between 35% and 75% of stroke survivors will have significant cognitive impairment (Tatemichi et al., 1994; Nys et al., 2007). An estimated one-third of people suffer depression after stroke (Hackett et al., 2005), about one-fourth experience significant anxiety (Barker-Collo, 2007), and about one-fifth suffer from insomnia (Leppavuoria et al., 2002). These and other stroke-related psychological issues negatively influence rehabilitation and outcomes through a variety of mechanisms. For example, post-stroke depression has been shown to be related to more negative functional consequences (Kneebone et al., 2000; Matsuzaki et al., 2015). Psychological disturbances may affect rehabilitation outcomes through a reduction in adherence to home exercise programs, reduced energy level, increased fatigue, reduced frustration tolerance, and potentially less motivation and hope about the future. OBJECTIVES: This manuscript aims to identify and describe the role of rehabilitation psychology in treating these common post-stroke complaints and, ultimately, optimizing post-stroke outcomes via two case examples. METHODOLOGY: This manuscript describes two cases of individuals in post-acute rehabilitation who had psychological issues which were negatively affecting outcomes. CONCLUSION: Given the abrupt and significant life-changing nature of stroke, it is often necessary to manage a diverse array of psychological issues that often cannot be simply managed via psychotropic medications. Moreover, an understanding of the patients' emotional adjustment and issues can help them maximize their rehabilitation, recovery, and community integration. For the cases discussed, psychology consultations were central in helping optimize their rehabilitation and functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem-based learning (PBL) is widely recognised as a pedagogical approach across disciplines. However, the relevance and application of PBL in psychology has received limited attention. Therefore, this article presents a PBL-based master degree programme for psychologists. The article is divided into three sections. First, we present the rationale and need for developing this programme. Secondly, the programme curriculum is described in details and, third, the programme’s practical and theoretical aspects and potentials are discussed in light of PBL principles.

Patient’ needs have been found to be crucial to the success of rehabilitation and recovery. To understand what patients want from their rehabilitation services should be addressed in the rehabilitation intervention. This study aims to examine patients’ needs for rehabilitation services as well as to examine the validity of a self-report questionnaire that developed to measure what patient needs from rehabilitation services in Saudi Arabia. Tow hundreds-eighty patients, from inpatients and outpatients, with stroke, spinal cord and brain injury completed the Patient’s Needs Questionnaire (PNQ). In general, the result showed that patients are in highly needs for Psychological Interventions, even before Rehabilitation and Treatment component. In detail, Psychological Intervention and Emotional Support were significantly greater in inpatients than in outpatients. Outpatients, in contrast, affirmed the Religious Support component significantly more than inpatients did. The statistical analysis of PNQ yielded four components: psychological interventions, rehabilitation and treatment, religious support, and explanation/reassurance. These components accounted for 48.71% of the total variances. Rehabilitation services is not only the component of rehabilitation intervention and medical treatments, indeed, it is a holistic intervention that understand the psychological, religious, and reassurance demands. The health provider in Saudi Arabia should develop a rehabilitation goal menu based on patient-centred care needs. The PNQ is a valuable and practical tool for the identification of patients’ needs from rehabilitation services.

Purpose: Clients with an acquired brain injury (ABI) are at risk of mental health problems and it has been argued that transitions throughout the rehabilitation process are a challenge for rehabilitation practice; however, the link between transitions and psychosocial outcome has been under-researched. Therefore, this study aims to (1) investigate the status of clients with moderate or severe ABI two-year post-discharge on the following outcomes variables: Physical and cognitive function, depression, quality of life, civil and work status, (2) examine correlations between these outcomes and (3) explore through qualitative interviews the subjective experiences of individuals with ABI in order to increase our understanding of clients' perspectives on this outcome and its relation to life transitions in a two-year period. Method: 37 individuals aged 18–66 with moderate or severe ABI were interviewed two years after discharge. At this time, they also completed standard measures of depression (MDI), quality of life (WHOQOL-bref) and functional independence (FIM™). Historical data of their FIM™ status at discharge were obtained for comparison. Results: We found psychological problems two years post-hospitalization, especially depression (35.1%) and decreased psychological QOL (61%). Analysis of interviews found six main factors perceived as important for psychosocial outcome: family relations, return to work, waiting lists, psychological support, fatigue and personal competences. Conclusions: Clients' status two years post-hospitalization is often characterized by psychological problems. Based on clients' accounts, we found a connection between psychosocial outcome and life transition experiences and developed a model of factors that are perceived as helping and hindering positive outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coping with What? Coping, Rehabilitation Psychology and Disability Research In rehabilitation psychology disability appears primarily as a subject of coping with the onset of impairment or chronic illness.Disability Studies criticize that this restricts the perspective negatively and neglects a culture of disabled people including affirmation, self-representation and minority culture. In the following the debate around disability identity is discussed and, under representation of the discussions outlined around sociology of impairment, it is carved out that the unsettled relation between disability and impairment, as an entangled interaction between body and sociality, is also an open question for a psychology of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The lack of specific prosthetic-related outcome instruments for Spanish amputees must be addressed. Objective: To elaborate a culturally equivalent version of the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire in the Spanish language. Study design: Cross-cultural questionnaire validation. Methods: Two-step process for cultural adaptation: forward and backward translations of English original and Spanish translated versions; assessment of both construct and criterion validity and reliability in a group of vascular amputees. Results: A total of 61 patients were recruited, 44 men (72.1%) and 17 women (27.9%), with a median age of 71.1 years (standard deviation: 7.7 years; range: 51–87 years). In the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire–Spanish, the lowest scores were for gait and frustration, and the highest scores were for noise and stump health. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was acceptable (>0.70) for four of the scales used in the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire but poor (<0.50) for the scales relating to appearance and stump health. Correlations with the quality-of-life levels as measured by the Short Form–36 were positive and mostly significant. Conclusion: Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire–Spanish could assess the quality of life in patients who have undergone vascular amputations and then been fitted with a prosthetic limb. The questionnaire shows adequate criteria validity when compared with other instruments for measuring quality of life. Clinical relevance The Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire–Spanish could be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing adaptation to prostheses in vascular amputees. The questionnaire adds information relevant to the patient and the physician and may identify cases with poor expected adaptation to the prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents some psychosocial aspects of disability linked to the person–environment relation that teachers should share in the psychology classroom. Disability is an often-overlooked form of diversity, one that teachers should discuss alongside race, gender, sexual orientation, social class/socioeconomic status (SES), religiosity, and aging. The experience of disability and disability culture are important topics that should be shared with and understood by secondary and postsecondary students, particularly because people with disabilities are no longer at the social margins of everyday life in the United States. To that end, I review definitions for disability as well as a nascent model for understanding the experience of disability, some select but fundamental psychosocial constructs regarding disability, and a representative negative (stigma and stereotyping) and positive (disability identity) context example from the social psychological literature on disability. I then close with suggestions for teaching about disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objective: The aims of this survey study were to (a) examine the frequency of health-service psychology involvement in intensive and critical-care settings; (b) characterize the distinguishing features of these providers; and (c) examine unique or distinguishing features of the hospital setting in which these providers are offering services. Research Method/Design: χ² analyses were conducted for group comparisons of health-service psychologists: (a) providing services in critical care versus those with no or limited critical care activity and (b) involved in both critical care and rehabilitation versus those only involved in critical care. Results: A total of 175 surveys met inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses. Psychologists who worked in critical-care settings at least monthly were more likely to be at a Level-1, χ²(1, N = 157) = 9.654, p = .002, or pediatric, χ²(1, N = 158) = 7.081, p = .008, trauma center. Psychologists involved with critical care were more likely to provide services on general medical-surgical units, χ²(1, N = 167) = 45.679, p = .000. A higher proportion of rehabilitationoriented providers provided intensive care, critical care, and neurointensive care services relative to nonrehabilitation providers. Conclusion/Implications: The findings indicate that health-service psychologists are involved in critical-care settings and in various roles. A more broad-based survey of hospitals across the United States would be required to identify how frequently health-service psychologists are consulted and what specific services are most effective, valued, or desired in critical-care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objective: The aftermath of treatment for critical illness and/or critical injury in the intensive care unit (ICU) often includes persisting cognitive and emotional morbidities as well as severe physical deconditioning (a constellation termed post-intensive care syndrome, or PICS), but most patients do not receive psychological services before they enter the inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF). Although a burgeoning literature guides the efforts of critical care providers to reduce risk factors for PICS - for example, reducing the use of sedatives and enacting early mobilization, there is need for a corresponding awareness among IRF psychologists and other providers that the post-ICU patient often arrives in a state of significantly reduced capacity, with persisting cognitive impairments and acute psychological distress. Many are at risk for long-term complications of posttraumatic stress disorder, general anxiety and/or clinical depression, and assuredly all have experienced a profound life disruption. This paper offers a multilevel perspective on the adaptation of post-ICU patients during inpatient rehabilitation, with discussion of the psychologist's role in education and intervention. Research Method/Design: Clinical review paper. Results: NA. Conclusions: To optimize response to rehabilitation, it is important to understand the behavior of post-ICU patients within a full biopsychosocial context including debility, cognitive and emotional impairment, disruption of role identities, and environmental factors. The psychologist can provide education about predictable barriers to participation for the post-ICU patient, and guide individual, family and team interventions to ameliorate those barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessment of patient satisfaction with orthosis is a key point for clinical practice and research, requiring questionnaires with robust psychometric properties.Objectives: To identify which validated questionnaires are used to investigate patient satisfaction with orthosis in limb orthotics and to analyse (1) their main fields of clinical application, (2) the orthosis-related features analysed by the questionnaires and (3) the strength of their psychometric properties.Study Design: Systematic review.Methods: A literature search using MEDLINE (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus databases for original articles published within the last 20 years was performed.Results: A total of 106 papers pertaining to various clinical fields were selected. The main features of patient satisfaction with orthosis analysed were as follows: aesthetic, ease in donning and doffing the device, time of orthotic use and comfort.Conclusion: Of the questionnaires used to investigate patient satisfaction with orthosis, only four are adequately validated for this purpose: two for generic orthotic use (Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology 2.0 and Client Satisfaction with Device of Orthotics and Prosthetic Users' Survey) and two for specific application with orthopaedic shoes (Questionnaire for the Usability Evaluation of orthopaedic shoes and Monitor Orthopaedic Shoes). Further development, refinement and validation of outcome measures in this field are warranted.Clinical Relevance: Given the importance of analysing patient satisfaction with orthosis (PSwO), appropriate instruments to assess outcome are needed. This article reviews the currently available instruments and reflects on how future studies could be focused on the development, refinement and validation of outcome measures in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient' needs have been found to be crucial to the success of rehabilitation and recovery. To understand what patients want from their rehabilitation services should be addressed in the rehabilitation intervention. This study aims to examine patients' needs for rehabilitation services as well as to examine the validity of a self-report questionnaire that developed to measure what patient needs from rehabilitation services in Saudi Arabia. Tow hundreds-eighty patients, from inpatients and outpatients, with stroke, spinal cord and brain injury completed the Patient's Needs Questionnaire (PNQ). In general, the result showed that patients are in highly needs for Psychological Interventions, even before Rehabilitation and Treatment component. In detail, Psychological Intervention and Emotional Support were significantly greater in inpatients than in outpatients. Outpatients, in contrast, affirmed the Religious Support component significantly more than inpatients did. The statistical analysis of PNQ yielded four components: psychological interventions, rehabilitation and treatment, religious support, and explanation/reassurance. These components accounted for 48.71% of the total variances. Rehabilitation services is not only the component of rehabilitation intervention and medical treatments, indeed, it is a holistic intervention that understand the psychological, religious, and reassurance demands. The health provider in Saudi Arabia should develop a rehabilitation goal menu based on patient-centred care needs. The PNQ is a valuable and practical tool for the identification of patients' needs from rehabilitation services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study describes the results of a multidisciplinary conference (the Baltimore Conference) that met to develop consensus guidelines for competency specification and measurement in postdoctoral training in rehabilitation psychology. Methods: Forty-six conference participants were chosen to include representatives of rehabilitation psychology training and practice communities, representatives of psychology accreditation and certification bodies, persons involved in medical education practice and research, and consumers of training programs (students). Results: Consensus education and training guidelines were developed that specify the key competencies in rehabilitation psychology postdoctoral training, and structured observation checklists were developed for their measurement. Discussion: This study continues the development of more than 50 years of thinking about education and training in rehabilitation psychology and builds on the existing work to further advance the development of guidelines in this area. The conference developed aspirational guidelines for competency specification and measurement in rehabilitation psychology postdoctoral training (i.e., for studying the outcomes of these training programs). Structured observation of trainee competencies allows examination of actual training outcomes in relation to intended outcomes and provides a methodology for studying how program outcomes are related to program structures and processes so that program improvement can occur. Best practices in applying program evaluation research methods to the study of professional training programs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]