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1. Global online trade in primates for pets

Author

Nijman, Vincent, Morcatty, Thais Q., El Bizri, Hani R., Al-Razi, Hassan, Ang, Andie, Ardiansyah, Ahmad, Atoussi, Sadek, Bergin, Daniel, Bell, Sarah, Braga-Pereira, Franciany, Campera, Marco, Das, Nabajit, Silva, Felipe Ennes, Feddema, Kim, Foreman, Grace, Fourage, Anna, Gnanaolivu, Smitha D., Hansen, Malene Friis, Račevska, Elena, Rapone, Brittany C., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Shepherd, Chris R., Shukhova, Sofiya, Siriwat, Penthai, Smith, Jaima H., Mir Mohamad Tabar, Seyed Ahmad, Tavares, Aline S., Weldon, Ariana V., Wilson, Angelina, Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki, Zhang, Mingxia, Svensson, Magdalena S., and Anne-Isola Nekaris, K.

Published
2023
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15. Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people

Author

Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales-Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, Palmer, Meredith S., Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales-Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, and Palmer, Meredith S.

Abstract

Despite substantial progress in understanding global biodiversity loss, major taxonomic and geographic knowledge gaps remain. Decision makers often rely on expert judgement to fill knowledge gaps, but are rarely able to engage with sufficiently large and diverse groups of specialists. To improve understanding of the perspectives of thousands of biodiversity experts worldwide, we conducted a survey and asked experts to focus on the taxa and freshwater, terrestrial, or marine ecosystem with which they are most familiar. We found several points of overwhelming consensus (for instance, multiple drivers of biodiversity loss interact synergistically) and important demographic and geographic differences in specialists’ perspectives and estimates. Experts from groups that are underrepresented in biodiversity science, including women and those from the Global South, recommended different priorities for conservation solutions, with less emphasis on acquiring new protected areas, and provided higher estimates of biodiversity loss and its impacts. This may in part be because they disproportionately study the most highly threatened taxa and habitats. Front Ecol Environ 2022;.

Published
2023

16. Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales-Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, Palmer, Meredith S., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales-Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, and Palmer, Meredith S.

Published
2023

17. Global online trade in primates for pets

Author

Nijman, Vincent NV, Morcatty, Thais Q., El Bizri, Hani Rocha, Al-Razi, Hassan, Ang, Andie, Ardiansyah, Ahmad, Atoussi, Sadek, Bergin, Daniel, Bell, Sarah, Braga-Pereira, Franciany, Campera, Marco, Das, Nabajit, Ennes Silva, Felipe, Feddema, Kim, Foreman, Grace, Fourage, Anna, Gnanaolivu, Smitha D., Hansen, Malene Friis, Račevska, Elena, Rapone, Brittany C., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Shepherd, Chris R., Shukhova, Sofiya, Siriwat, Penthai, Smith, Jaima Hillary, Mir Mohamad Tabar, Seyed Ahmad, Tavares, Aline Santos, Weldon, Ariana V., Wilson, Angelina, Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki, Zhang, Mingxia, Svensson, Magdalena M.S., Anne-Isola Nekaris, K., Nijman, Vincent NV, Morcatty, Thais Q., El Bizri, Hani Rocha, Al-Razi, Hassan, Ang, Andie, Ardiansyah, Ahmad, Atoussi, Sadek, Bergin, Daniel, Bell, Sarah, Braga-Pereira, Franciany, Campera, Marco, Das, Nabajit, Ennes Silva, Felipe, Feddema, Kim, Foreman, Grace, Fourage, Anna, Gnanaolivu, Smitha D., Hansen, Malene Friis, Račevska, Elena, Rapone, Brittany C., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Shepherd, Chris R., Shukhova, Sofiya, Siriwat, Penthai, Smith, Jaima Hillary, Mir Mohamad Tabar, Seyed Ahmad, Tavares, Aline Santos, Weldon, Ariana V., Wilson, Angelina, Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki, Zhang, Mingxia, Svensson, Magdalena M.S., and Anne-Isola Nekaris, K.

Abstract

The trade in primates as pets is a global enterprise and as access to the Internet has increased, so too has the trade of live primates online. While quantifying primate trade in physical markets is relatively straightforward, limited insights have been made into trade via the Internet. Here we followed a three-pronged approach to estimate the prevalence and ease of purchasing primates online in countries with different socioeconomic characteristics. We first conducted a literature review, in which we found that Malaysia, Thailand, the USA, Ukraine, South Africa, and Russia stood out in terms of the number of primate individuals being offered for sale as pets in the online trade. Then, we assessed the perceived ease of purchasing pet primates online in 77 countries, for which we found a positive relationship with the Internet Penetration Rate, total human population and Human Development Index, but not to Gross Domestic Product per capita or corruption levels of the countries. Using these results, we then predicted the levels of online primate trade in countries for which we did not have first-hand data. From this we created a global map of potential prevalence of primate trade online. Finally, we analysed price data of the two primate taxa most consistently offered for sale, marmosets and capuchins. We found that prices increased with the ease of purchasing primates online and the Gross Domestic Product per capita. This overview provides insight into the nature and intricacies of the online primate pet trade and advocates for increased trade regulation and monitoring in both primate range and non-range countries where trade has been substantially reported., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2023

19. Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people

Author

Isbell, Forest, primary, Balvanera, Patricia, additional, Mori, Akira S, additional, He, Jin‐Sheng, additional, Bullock, James M, additional, Regmi, Ganga Ram, additional, Seabloom, Eric W, additional, Ferrier, Simon, additional, Sala, Osvaldo E, additional, Guerrero‐Ramírez, Nathaly R, additional, Tavella, Julia, additional, Larkin, Daniel J, additional, Schmid, Bernhard, additional, Outhwaite, Charlotte L, additional, Pramual, Pairot, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T, additional, Loreau, Michel, additional, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, additional, Obura, David O, additional, Anderson, Maggie, additional, Portales‐Reyes, Cristina, additional, Kirkman, Kevin, additional, Vergara, Pablo M, additional, Clark, Adam Thomas, additional, Komatsu, Kimberly J, additional, Petchey, Owen L, additional, Weiskopf, Sarah R, additional, Williams, Laura J, additional, Collins, Scott L, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Trisos, Christopher H, additional, Renard, Delphine, additional, Wright, Alexandra J, additional, Tripathi, Poonam, additional, Cowles, Jane, additional, Byrnes, Jarrett EK, additional, Reich, Peter B, additional, Purvis, Andy, additional, Sharip, Zati, additional, O’Connor, Mary I, additional, Kazanski, Clare E, additional, Haddad, Nick M, additional, Soto, Eulogio H, additional, Dee, Laura E, additional, Díaz, Sandra, additional, Zirbel, Chad R, additional, Avolio, Meghan L, additional, Wang, Shaopeng, additional, Ma, Zhiyuan, additional, Liang, Jingjing, additional, Farah, Hanan C, additional, Johnson, Justin Andrew, additional, Miller, Brian W, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Smith, Melinda D, additional, Knops, Johannes MH, additional, Myers, Bonnie JE, additional, Harmáčková, Zuzana V, additional, Cortés, Jorge, additional, Harfoot, Michael BJ, additional, Gonzalez, Andrew, additional, Newbold, Tim, additional, Oehri, Jacqueline, additional, Mazón, Marina, additional, Dobbs, Cynnamon, additional, and Palmer, Meredith S, additional

Published
2022
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20. Survey on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in domestic cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) in central Nepal.

Author

Adhikari, Roshan Babu, Dhakal, Madhuri Adhikari, Ale, Purna Bahadur, Regmi, Ganga Ram, and Ghimire, Tirth Raj

Subjects
CATS, INTESTINAL parasites, CAT parasites, FERAL cats, CAT owners, PARASITES
Abstract

Introduction: Cats (Felis catus) are the only felines that live in close contact with humans. Since cats can act as vectors, carriers, reservoirs and definitive hosts of many gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, parasitic assessment could contribute to their survival and well‐being. Aims: The current study aimed to assess the diversity and prevalence of GI parasites in domestic and feral cats from Ratnanagar in Chitwan in Central Nepal. Methods: A total of 107 fresh faecal samples of cats (90 household cats and 17 feral cats) of varied ages and sex were collected and transported to the laboratory. The copromicroscopic examination was carried out following direct wet mount, formalin‐ethyl acetate sedimentation, saturated salt flotation, acid‐fast staining and sporulation techniques. Furthermore, associated risk factors were evaluated to ascertain the predictor of risks for parasitic acquisition. Results: The current study revealed an overall 95.3% prevalence rate with a 100% rate in feral cats and 94.4% in household cats. Altogether, 18 (17 known and one unknown) different species of GI parasites were reported with the helminths (95.3%; 11 species) and the protozoa (55.1%; seven species). Besides age and sex, outdoor lifestyle, absence or unknown history of medication and hunting behaviour of the felines are the predictors of risk. Furthermore, mixed infection was comparatively higher than single infection in the faecal samples. Conclusions: Cats harbour a higher prevalence and greater diversity of GI parasites, and parasitism varies with age and sex. This finding can be essential for veterinarians and public health authorities for strategic treatment and for assessing the zoonotic transmission of the parasites from these felines. Importantly, an effective medication strategy for cats and owners is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. When Micro Drives the Macro: A Fresh Look at Disease and its Massive Contributions in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya

Author

Ghimire, Tirth Raj, Regmi, Ganga Ram, and Huettmann, Falk

Subjects
Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH), Human-environment interactions, Disease ecology, Disease mapping, Article, Dispersal ecological niche of a disease
Abstract

The outbreaks of emerging and reemerging diseases have a high impact on the human and animal health because they are the underlying causes of disability, death, and long-term illness. For many regions those details are not, or just poorly known. Here we present on the morbidity and mortality in faunal diversities including domestic and wild species caused by various viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal diseases prevalent in Nepal and relevant for the wider Hindu Kush Himalaya. In addition, we provide details how antibiotic resistivity, vectors, and zoonosis have resulted on a landscape-scale in the huge public and veterinary health problem has been dealt with in the context of Nepal and the wider region.

Published
2019

24. First photographic record of marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata Martin, 1837 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) in Nepal

Author

Lama, Sonam Tashi, primary, Ross, James G., additional, Bista, Damber, additional, Sherpa, Ang Phuri, additional, Regmi, Ganga Ram, additional, Suwal, Madan Krishna, additional, Sherpa, Pema, additional, Weerman, Janno, additional, Shrestha Lama, Shrota, additional, Thapa, Madhuri, additional, Poudyal, Laxman Prasad, additional, and Paterson, Adrian M., additional

Published
2019
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27. First open access ensemble climate envelope predictions of Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis in Asia: a new role model and assessment of endangered species

Author

Regmi, Ganga Ram, Huettmann, Falk, Suwal, Madan Krishna, Nijman, Vincent, Nekaris, K.A.I., Kandel, Kamal, Sharma, Narayan, Coudrat, Camille, Regmi, Ganga Ram, Huettmann, Falk, Suwal, Madan Krishna, Nijman, Vincent, Nekaris, K.A.I., Kandel, Kamal, Sharma, Narayan, and Coudrat, Camille

Abstract

Species distribution models are a key component for understanding a species’ potential occurrence, specifically in vastly undersampled landscapes. The current species distribution data for the Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis are outdated, but suggest a patchy distribution in moist broadleaved forests in South and Southeast Asia. Therefore, in this study, we used a species distribution model to explore the potential climatic niche of this species and assess its distribution and potential barriers in 12 South and Southeast Asian countries. We combined primary and secondary species occurrence records from different countries. We applied Classification and Regression Tree (CART), TreeNet (boosting), RandomForest (bagging) and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) machine-learning algorithms with elevation as well as 19 bioclimatic variables for the first ensemble predictions ever completed for this species. Our results suggested that the predicted distribution of the Assamese macaque is strongly associated with precipitation of warmest quarter (BIO18), temperature annual range (BIO7) and temperature seasonality (BIO4). Our prediction shows a continuous potential climatic niche of the species from east of the Kaligandaki River in Nepal to Lao People’s Democratic Republic. There are also potential niche patches in Bhutan, Southeast China, Thailand and Cambodia, while Pakistan and Afghanistan have no potential niche for the species. We believe that our workflow presents a new conservation-oriented open access research template to progress empirical primate conservation worldwide.

Published
2018

28. Parapatric subspecies of Macaca assamensis show a marginal overlap in their predicted potential distribution: Some elaborations for modern conservation management.

Author

Suwal, Madan K., Huettmann, Falk, Regmi, Ganga Ram, and Vetaas, Ole R.

Subjects
MACACA assamensis, PHYLOGENETIC models, SPECIES distribution, MULTIPLE correspondence analysis (Statistics), MULTIVARIATE analysis
Abstract

Phylogenetic niche conservatism implies that sister taxa will have similar niches, although the niches of disjunct subspecies may evolve differently. This study uses Macaca assamensis, subspecies assamensis and pelops, to investigate the similarities of realized climatic niches of two disjunct subspecies (separated by the Brahmaputra River) along with a similarity analysis of their respective regions' climate. Modeled distributions were used to quantify their potential distribution under current and future climate scenarios. The climatic similarity between regions of each subspecies was tested with principal component analysis (PCA), and the realized climatic niche overlap between two subspecies was tested with a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on a subset of the least correlated variables out of 24 publicly available topo‐bioclimatic variables. Tukey's honest significance difference (HSD) was used to test the range differences (on all 24 variables) between subspecies. The potential distribution of both taxa in the current climate and projected future climate was model‐predicted using MaxEnt and Random Forest. We found significantly different climatic ranges for 21 predictors (HSD; p < 0.05) for the two subspecies, significantly different climatic conditions for their regions (using PCA; p < 0.001), and significantly different realized climatic niches for the two subspecies (MANOVA; p < 0.001). The distribution models generated a larger potential area than the currently known distributions. Although literature show that the Brahmaputra River is an effective dispersal barrier, we found some of the neighboring geographic range for both subspecies appears to be potentially suitable for the other taxon. The projected future potential areas indicate that some parts of the currently occupied geography, mostly southern parts, may become climatically unsuitable, whereas other new geographical areas may become suitable. Most of these new potential areas will be toward the north where higher and fragmented mountains, which has conservation implications. This study used Macaca assamensis subspecies assamensis and pelops to investigate the similarities of realized climatic niches of two disjunct subspecies We found significantly different ranges for 21 (of 24) predictors (p < 0.05) and significantly different realized climatic niches (p < 0.001). The distribution models generated a larger potential area than the currently known distribution as some of the neighboring areas of the current geographic range of each sister taxa appear to have climatically suitable geography for both subspecies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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29. FIRST PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF SNOW LEOPARD PANTHERA UNCIA (MAMMALIA: CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) OUTSIDE CURRENT PROTECTED AREAS NETWORK IN NEPAL HIMALAYA.

Author

Ghale, Tashi R., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Lama, Rinzin Phunjok, Suwal, Madan K., and Ranabhat, Rishi

Subjects
SNOW leopard
Abstract

The Snow Leopard Panthera uncia is a rare top predator of high-altitude ecosystems and insufficiently surveyed outside of protected areas in Nepal. We conducted a rapid camera-trapping survey to assess the presence of Snow Leopard in the Limi valley of Humla District. Three individuals were recorded in two camera locations offering the first photographic evidence of this elusive cat outside the protected area network of Nepal. In addition to Snow Leopard, the Blue Sheep Pseudois nayaur, Beech Marten Martes foina, Pika Ochotona spp. and different species of birds were also detected by camera-traps. More extensive surveys and monitoring are needed for reliably estimating the population size of Snow Leopard in the area. The most urgent needs are community-based conservation activities aimed at mitigating immediate threats of poaching, retaliatory killing, and rapid prey depletion to ensure the survival of this top predator in the Himalaya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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