Search

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) has great socioeconomic importance to Brazil, but its production is affected by anthracnose. Chitosan films have shown potential in controlling this disease. In this study, the effect of the association of chitosan with phenolic compounds and extracts on the Colletotrichum tropicaledevelopment was evaluated. Phenolic compounds and extracts from mango peel were incorporated into 2.0% chitosan solutions and tested in vitro. In the in vivo experiment, after pathogen inoculation and application of treatments, fruits were evaluated for anthracnose incidence and severity. Controls consisted of the application of water or pure culture medium and fungicide imazalil. The experimental design was completely randomized and data were submitted to analysis of variance. In the in vitro test and in the assessment of disease intensity, means were compared using the Scott-Knott and Tukey tests (p

Aim: To develop a liquid formulation based on Bacillus subtilis-34 using rice to evaluate the shelf life under refrigerated and room conditions and to evaluate the effect of different addition times of the formulation on the control of Meloidogyne javanica and growth of lettuce plants. Statistical Design: The design was completely randomized, with five treatments and eight replicates. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Scott Knott test with 5% error probability. Location and Duration of the Experiment: The experiment was set up during the period from 02/13/2018 to 03/20/2018 in a greenhouse located at the State University of Montes Claros, municipality of Janaúba, MG, Brazil. Methodology: Treatments consisted of drench in the substrate of tubes at 8 and 15 days; drench in the substrate of tubes at 8 and 15 days and in pot at 25 and 35 days; irrigation in pot only at 25 and 35 days after transplanting and 2 controls (Onix® and absolute control). All pots with plants were inoculated with 5000 nematode eggs. At 45 days of transplanting, the following nematological variables were evaluated: number of galls, number of egg mass, number of eggs per gram and reproduction factor, and agronomic variables fresh and dry biomass. Results: Additions in the tube and pot and in the pot only were efficient for the reduction in the reproduction of M. javanica and for the improvement of lettuce plant growth. Conclusion: B. subtilis-34 remains viable until 9 months in formulation stored under the refrigerator and up to 7 months under room conditions.

Objective: To evaluate under controlled conditions the effect of alternative liquid Bacillus subtilis isolate 34 formulation on Meloidogyne javanica and tomato growth promotion. Statistical Design: The design was completely randomized block with five treatments and eight replicates. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance and the averages compared by the Tukey test with 5% error probability. The statistical package used in the analysis of the data was the program "Sisvar" Location and Duration of the Experiment: The experiment was set up during the period from February 13, 2018 to April 20, 2018 in greenhouse located at the State University of Montes Claros, municipality of Janaúba, MG, Brazil. Methods: Treatments consisted of different times of application of bacteria in tomato seedlings: application of bacteria in the tube at eight and fifteen days after emergence; application of bacteria in the tube at eight and fifteen days after emergence and in pots at 25 and 35 days after transplanting; application of bacteria at 25 and 35 days after transplantation in the pot; Onix® commercial product (Bacillus methylotrophicus-UFPEDA20) and control. After 60 days of transplanting, the number of egg masses, number of galls, number of eggs, number of second-stage juveniles (J2) and reproduction factor, height, fresh and dry shoot mass and fresh root mass of tomato plants were evaluated. Results: There was a reduction in the number of J2, eggs pre root, and eggs per gram of root when the bacteria formulation was applied in the tube + pot and in pot only. The application of the bacteria in the tube + pot and in only pot only presents the highest increase of fresh and dry shoot mass and fresh root mass. Conclusion: The application of the liquid B. subtilis isolated 34 formulation to the soil in the pot and tube + pot reduced the reproduction of M. javanica and promoted greater tomato development.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of different phosphite formulations and concentrations on the development of Colletotrichum musae. Sample: to evaluate the inhibition of germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Colletotrichum musae. Study Design: Treatments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with 4 replicates, each replicate consisting of 1 Petri dish. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Post-Harvest Pathology, State University of Montes Claros, between March and October 2017. Methodology: Three different phosphite formulations were used: FCu1 (4% Cu + 20% P2O5), FCu2 (4% Cu + 22% P2O5) at concentrations of 0.5;1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mL L-1 and FK (42% P2O5 + 27.7% K2O) at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mg.L-1. Products were incorporated into the respective culture media. Culture medium alone and culture medium + imazalil were used as controls. Petri dishes were housed in BOD chamber at 25°C under a 12 hours photoperiod. Results: Results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, and means were compared by the Tukey test (P

The interaction between Meloidogyne and Fusarium can alter the resistance behavior of passion fruit genotypes. The study was aimed to evaluate the reaction of genotypes of Passiflora spp. to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 (Mi)-Fusarium solani (Fs) complex. The assay was carried using RBD in the factorial arrangement: 10 genotypes (BRS-SC, M-19-UFV, P. alata, P. nitida, P. giberti, P.setacea, P. mucronata, P. murifolia, P. cincinnata, P. ligularis) x 3 treatments (Mi, Mi+Fs, Fs). After 180 days of planting the reaction to Mi was determined by RF (Pi/Pf) and to Fs by lesions size in roots and stems. According to the criteria of Oostenbrink and Moura and Regis, BRS-SC, M-19-UFV. P. alata and P. cincinnata behaved as resistant and P. giberti as susceptible. According to the Taylor and Sasser, BRS-SC, M-19-UFV, P. alata, P. cincinnata and P. giberti behaved as resistant, moderately resistant, moderately suscetible and susceptible, respectively. Lower percentage of plants with symtoms of Fs was found in P. mucronata, P. nitida, P. setacea, P. cincinnata and M-19-UFV In the presence of both pathogens, M-19-UFV, P. alata and P. nitida were those with larger lesion. In the presence de Fs, BRS-SC, P. alata, P. cincinnata and P. ligularis showed the largest lesions. A interação Meloidogyne-Fusarium pode alterar o comportamento de resistência de genótipos de maracujazeiro. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho avaliar a reação de genótipos de Passiflora ao complexo Meloidogyne incognita raça 3 e Fusarium solani. O experimento foi conduzido em DBC com esquema fatorial 10x3, sendo dez genótipos de Passiflora, (híbrido BRS Sol do Cerrado, seleção-M-19 da UFV, P. alata, P. nitida, P. giberti, P. setacea, P. mucronata, P. morifolia, P. cincinnata e P. ligularis e três tratamentos, M. incognita raça 3, M. incognita + Fusarium solani e F. solani. Após 180 dias do plantio e inoculação dos patógenos, avaliou-se a reação a M. incognita por meio do fator de reprodução- (FR = Pi/Pf) e variáveis nematológicas e a reação a F. solani pelo tamanho das lesões nas raízes e caules. De acordo com os critérios de Oostenbrink e de Moura e Regis, ‘BRS-Sol do Cerrado’, M-19-UFV, P. alata e P. cincinnata foram resistentes e P. giberti foi suscetível a M. incognita raça 3. De acordo com Taylor e Sasser, ‘BRS-Sol do Cerrado’, M-19-UFV, P. alata, P. cincinnata e P. giberti foram resistente, moderadamente, moderadamente suscetível e suscetível, respectivamente, ao nematoide. Menores porcentagens de plantas com sintomas de Fusarium foi encontrada em P. mucronata, P. nitida, P. setacea, P. cincinnata e M-19-UFV. Na presença de ambos os patógenos, M-19-UFV, P. alata e P. nitida foram os que apresentaram maior tamanho de lesão. Na presença de F. solani,‘BRS-Sol do Cerrado’, P. alata, P. cincinnata e P. ligularis apresentaram as maiores lesões causadas pelo fungo.

The objective was to evaluate the production yield and influence of the action of ascorbic acid on the color of dehydrated white and purple sweet potatoes produced in a semi-arid region. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Technology of Products of Plant Origin (TPOV) of the State University of Montes Claros, Janáuba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sweet potato roots of the cultivars Brazlândia roxa and Brazlândia branco were used. To determine the action of ascorbic acid on the color of dehydrated white and purple sweet potato, a completely randomized design with 4 replications was used. Analysis of variance was performed in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with two cultivars (Roxa and Branca) and absence and presence of ascorbic acid. The results were submitted to statistical analysis using the Sisvar Software. The average yield of white potato was 23% and purple 18.41%. For the variable of soluble solids, no significant differences were observed between the varieties. The sweet potato cultivar Brazlândia Branca showed better yield when submitted to the drying process. The sweet potato cultivar Brazlândia, when submitted to the dehydration process, presented a more yellowish color, however, with less intense coloration in the presence of ascorbic acid.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are responsible for various significant crop losses, which require taking integrated control measures. The present study aimed to identify a possible sustainable approach to the management of Meloidogyne javanica in vegetable crops using an organic compound based on pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit residues. A pot experiment was conducted using cultivars of tomato and lettuce susceptible to M. javanica, with three amendments including inorganic fertiliser, cattle manure and five doses of organic compost with pequi residues. All treatments were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. javanica to simulate the root-knot nematode disease in field conditions. Increasing doses of organic compost with pequi residues from 5 kg m-3 to 30 kg m-3 promoted a significant decrease in the nematode population in both cultures evaluated. Organic compost (30 kg m-3) reduced the numbers of galls and eggs of M. javanica by 41.6 and 46.5% in tomato roots, and by 80.3 and 59.2% in lettuce roots, respectively, compared with non-treated control. Organic compost also increased crop development considerably. In general, there was a 43.0% increase in plant development compared to non-treated control. Hence, organic compost of pequi residues could be an alternative to toxic chemical nematicides and recommended as eco-friendly management of M. javanica in vegetable crops. Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) Department of Plant Pathology, Lavras - MG Montes Claros State University (Unimontes) Center of Agricultural Sciences, Janaúba - MG São Paulo State University (UNESP/FCA) Department of Plant Protection, Botucatu - SP São Paulo State University (UNESP/FCA) Department of Plant Protection, Botucatu - SP

Aims: To evaluate the in vitro effect of mango peel extracts using different types of solvent and concentrations on the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides development. Study Design: Activities were aimed at evaluating the in vitro antifungal potential of mango peel extracts. Study Location and duration: The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest Pathology of Fruits and Vegetables - State University of Montes Claros and Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry - Federal University of Lavras during October and December 2018. Methodology: ‘Palmer’ mango peel (Mangifera indica) was submitted to drying in oven and grinding. Subsequently, extracts were obtained in Soxhlet system, using methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane as solvents. The three extracts were tested in vitro at concentrations of 0.0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL by adding them in culture medium against C. gloeosporioides, which was isolated from mango fruits with anthracnose symptoms. The effect of extracts and their respective concentrations on the mycelial growth rate and conidia production and germination was evaluated. The design was completely randomized in a 3 x 5 factorial arrangement with 5 replicates. Results: Increased extract concentrations caused reduction in the mycelial growth rate of the pathogen (R2 = 0.96). Both factors under study acted simultaneously in conidia production (P < 0.05), and the hexane extract presented better results for this analyzed variable. There was total germination inhibition (P < 0.05) when 1 mg/mL ethyl acetate extract and 2 mg/mL methanol and hexane extracts were used. Conclusion: Methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate mango peel extracts had inhibitory effect on the in vitro C. gloeosporioides development.

Summary There is a demand for novel products for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes, so we characterised the effectiveness of some plant essential oils against Meloidogyne incognita and verified the efficiency of the major component from the most toxic oils and their analogues using in vitro and in vivo assays. In this study, the essential oils from Piptadenia viridiflora, Hyptis suaveolens and Astronium graveolens against M. incognita were evaluated, but only P. viridiflora oil showed toxicity toward M. incognita. Benzaldehyde was its main component according to GC-MS analysis. In in vitro assays, benzaldehyde (100 and 200 μg ml−1) and its oxime (400 μg ml−1) caused a higher rate of M. incognita second-stage juvenile (J2) mortality than the nematicide carbofuran (170 μg ml−1). Reductions of more than 90% in the number of galls and eggs, even greater than that observed with carbofuran, were observed in the assay where the J2 were placed in solutions of benzaldehyde and its oxime 48 h prior to tomato plant inoculation. Application of benzaldehyde together with M. incognita J2 to the substrate resulted only in a reduction in the number of eggs (42-65%); however, its oxime reduced both the number of galls (43-84%) and eggs (23-89%). Therefore, the P. viridiflora oil, its major component benzaldehyde, and the analogue benzaldehyde oxime are toxic to M. incognita. In two different in vivo assays, benzaldehyde oxime was confirmed as toxic to M. incognita with a greater efficacy than benzaldehyde.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is a vegetable that stands out among the others for being one of the most consumed and industrialized. Among the technologies for increasing crop productivity, the treatment of seeds with fungicides and or rhizobacteria that promotes plant growth stands out. The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of the combined application of fungicide and rhizobacteria on the germination and vigor of tomato seeds. The assays were mounted in DIC in a factorial scheme 10 x 2 + 1 (10 rhizobacteria, with or without fungicide and additional treatment: fungicide only), with four replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: water content, germination, first germination count, germination speed index (IVG), seedling emergence and accelerated aging. In general, the treatment of seeds with rhizobacteria stimulates the physiological quality of tomato seeds. The rhizobacteria Paenibacillus lentimorbus-69 and Bacillus subtilis-34 proved to be compatible with the fungicide, favoring the germination and vigor of the seeds in relation to the treatment with fungicide, O tomate é uma hortaliça que se destaca entre as demais por ser uma das mais consumidas e industrializadas. Dentre as tecnologias para aumento da produtividade das culturas se destaca o tratamento de sementes com fungicidas e ou rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação conjunta de fungicida e rizobactérias na germinação e no vigor de sementes de tomate. Os ensaios foram montados em DIC em esquema fatorial 10 x 2 + 1 (10 rizobactérias, com ou sem fungicida e tratamento adicional: apenas fungicida), com quatro repetições. As seguintes características foram avaliadas: teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), emergência de plântulas e envelhecimento acelerado. De maneira geral, o tratamento de sementes com rizobactérias estimula a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de tomate. As rizobactérias Paenibacillus lentimorbus-69 e Bacillus subtilis-34 mostraram-se compatíveis com o fungicida favorecendo a germinação e o vigor das sementes em relação ao tratamento com fungicida.

Carrot (Daucus carota) is one of the most important vegetables in the world. Cow urine is a fertilizer available in rural areas and can be used in agriculture. However, there are no indications of the best dose to be used in carrots. The authors aimed with this work to evaluate different concentrations of cow urine in the cultivation of ‘Brasília’ carrots. The treatments consisted of five doses of cow urine (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) applied during the culture cycle. After 90 days, the agronomic characteristics (weight, length, diameter, productivity, luminosity, chromaticity, and Hue angle) were evaluated. The application of cow urine increased the weight, diameter, and length of ‘Brasilia’ carrots.

The allocation of the large amount of swine waste from farms is an international concern. An efficient way of managing such waste is its use in farming. It is already known that the incorporation of organic waste into the soil significantly increases the microbial population. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the impact of the use of swine manure on the soil microbiota in a Eutrophic Oxisol. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design in a 6 × 4 factorial scheme (sixconcentrations of swine manure and four evaluation periods) with four replications. We evaluate the following characteristics: microbial respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass (µC g-1 soil) and pH.: microbial respiration (C-CO2), microbial biomass (µC g-1 soil) and pH. A significant effect was found in the interaction between concentrations and time of incubation (p < 0.05) of swine manure on microbial activity in the soil. The amount of microbial carbon increased as a function of increased levels of liquid swine manure. No interaction was observed between concentrations and time of incubation for the pH. The evaluation of the isolated factors allowed to observe that the pH decreased as the doses of manure were incremented. Higher and lower pH values were found after 5 and 30 days of incubation. The application of liquid swine manure up to 6000 L ha-1 increases the release of CO2 and carbon in the microbial biomass. The applications of liquid swine manure cause a gradual reduction in soil pH.

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The balanced supply of nitrogen to fruit trees leads to higher fruit quality and reduced incidence of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate anthracnose intensity and the physical and chemical characteristics of ‘Prata Anã’ banana under different nitrogen doses. Regarding anthracnose intensity, N doses of 150, 200, 250, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 were used. The Area Under the Incidence Progress (AUIPC) and Severity Curves (AUSPC) were evaluated. The physical and chemical characteristics were: fruit and pulp mass; soluble solids; starch; total, reducing and non-reducing sugars; coloration and nutrient concentration in peel, evaluated every three days for 15 days. Plants fertilized with N doses of 200, 250 and 400 kg.ha-1 had lower AUIPC values and the application of 250 kg.ha-1 reduced AUSPC in fruits inoculated with C. musae. N, P and K increased in banana peel, fruit and pulp mass, soluble solids, starch, total sugars, reducing sugars, with increasing N doses. There was no difference in the contents of micronutrients in fruit peel. N dose of 600 kg.ha-1 reduced the shelf life of fruits and provided higher sugar content and higher disease severity. O fornecimento equilibrado de nitrogênio para as fruteiras propicia maior qualidade dos frutos e redução de doenças. O objetivo foi avaliar a intensidade de antracnose e as características físicas e químicas em banana- ‘Prata-anã’ sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio. Na intensidade de antracnose, foram utilizados 150; 200; 250; 400 e 600 kg.ha-1 de N. Avaliaram-se a Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Incidência (AACPI) e a Severidade (AACPS). As características físicas e químicas foram: massa do fruto e polpa; sólidos solúveis; amido; açúcares totais, redutores e não redutores; coloração e concentração de nutrientes na casca, avaliadas a cada três dias, por 15 dias. Plantas adubadas com 200; 250 e 400 kg.ha-1 de N apresentaram menores valores de AACPI, e a aplicação de 250 kg.ha-1 reduziu a AACPS em frutos inoculados com C. musae. Obteve-se aumento de N, P e K na casca da banana, na massa do fruto e da polpa, sólidos solúveis, amido, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores, com o aumento das doses de N. Não houve diferença nos teores de micronutrientes na casca dos frutos. A dose de 600 kg.ha-1 reduziu a vida de prateleira dos frutos e proporcionou maior teor de açúcar e maior severidade de doença.

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a época de ensacamento da banana ‘Prata-Anã’ visando a reduzir a doença antracnose. Os tratamentos consistiram na proteção dos cachos de banana com sacos de TNT na emissão de 30; 60; 90 e 120 dias após a emissão e de cachos não ensacados. Os frutos foram colhidos, armazenados em câmara de refrigeração (25 ±1°C e 80 ±5% UR) e avaliados quanto à incidência e a severidade da antracnose. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, repetidos em dois anos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey (p

The introduction of rhizobacteria to the soil can be done via treatment of propagating materials. The aim of this work was to evaluate in greenhouse the influence of immersion periods of micropropagated ‘Prata-Anã’ banana seedling roots in suspension of different rhizobacterial isolates on the growth of seedlings and control of Meloidogyne javanica. The experiment was set up in greenhouse in a randomized block design in a 10 x 2 factorial scheme (rhizobacteria isolates) x (immersion periods: 60 and 120 minutes) with 10 replicates. The additional treatment (control) was composed of seedlings without any treatment infected with M. javanica. Treated seedlings were planted in pots containing soil: previously autoclaved sand. After twenty-four hours, suspension containing 3,000 M. javanica eggs was added to the soil. At 60 days, number of galls, egg mass and eggs per root system, number of second-stage juveniles (J2) per 100 cm3 of soil were evaluated and the reproduction factor was calculated. Shoot dry matter mass was also evaluated. Of the four rhizobacteria that reduced the reproductive capacity of the nematode, three were more efficient when seedlings were treated for 120 minutes. The treatment period of banana seedlings did not affect the shoot dry matter yield and all rhizobacteria increased the dry matter weight of seedlings infected with Meloidogyne javanica. It could be concluded that rhizobacteria have different treatment time requirements for seedlings to control the nematode, but do not interfere with the development of seedlings. Resumo A introdução de rizobactérias ao solo pode ser feita via tratamento de materiais propagativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em casa de vegetação, a influência de períodos de imersão de raízes de mudas de bananeira ‘Prata-Anã’ micropropagadas, em suspensão de diferentes isolados de rizobactérias no crescimento de mudas e no controle de Meloidogyne javanica. O experimento foi montado em casa de vegetação, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 10 (isolados de rizobactérias) x 2 (períodos de imersão: 60 e 120 minutos), com 10 repetições. O tratamento adicional (testemunha) foi composto por mudas sem nenhum tratamento, infectadas com M. javanica. As mudas tratadas foram plantadas em vasos contendo solo: areia previamente autoclavados. Após vinte e quatro horas, suspensão contendo 3.000 ovos de M. javanica foi adicionada ao solo. Aos 60 dias, avaliaram-se: número de galhas, de massas de ovos e de ovos por sistema radicular, número de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) por 100 cm³ de solo e calculou-se o fator de reprodução. Avaliou-se também a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea. Das quatro rizobactérias que reduziram a capacidade reprodutiva do nematoide, três foram mais eficientes quando as mudas foram tratadas por 120 minutos. O período de tratamento das mudas de bananeira não afetou a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e todas rizobactérias aumentaram o peso da matéria seca de mudas infectadas com Meloidogyne javanica. Conclui-se que as rizobactérias têm requerimentos diferentes de tempo de tratamento de mudas para controlarem o nematoide, mas não interferem no desenvolvimento das mudas.

Os nematoides do genero Meloidogyne sao responsaveis por perdas elevadas no pepineiro em campo e cultivo protegido. Devido a ausencia de cultivares resistentes, o uso de silicato de calcio pode ser uma alternativa para o controle dos nematoides. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiencia de diferentes doses de silicato de calcio em solo de textura arenosa e argilosa no controle de M. javanica em pepineiro. Para a avaliacao do efeito das doses de silicato de calcio no controle de M. javanica em pepino de conserva em solo arenoso foram avaliadas quatro doses de silicato de calcio, 0 (testemunha), 1: 0,5g.kg -1 , 2: 0,8g.kg -1 , 3:1,1g.kg -1 de solo. Para a avaliacao em solo argiloso utilizou-se as seguintes doses: 0 (testemunha), 0,2 g.kg -1 , 0,5 g. kg -1 , 0,8 g.kg -1 . O delineamento estatistico foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco repeticoes e cada repeticao composta por dois vasos, para os dois ensaios. Com relacao ao numero de juvenis de segundo estadio (J2) por 100 cm3 de solo no ensaio realizado em solo arenoso constatou-se reducao de 74,29% na dose de 1,1g/kg de solo quando comparado a testemunha. No ensaio em solo argiloso foi observado efeito significativo das doses de silicato de calcio na reducao do numero de ovos. Nao houve efeito sobre o desenvolvimento da planta.

Anthracnose stands out among rot diseases that can occur in the post-harvest phase of banana. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermotherapy in the control of anthracnose in ‘Prata Anã’ banana produced in northern state of Minas Gerais. Bananas ‘Prata Anã’ variety were divided into groups of three fruits and inoculated with Colletotrichum musae. Groups were submitted to thermotherapy using five temperatures (40°C, 44°C, 48°C, 52°C and 56°C) and four immersion times (4, 8, 12 and 16 minutes) and control. Treatments were repeated five times in a completely randomized design. Area under the incidence progress curve (AUIPC) and area under the severity progress curve (AUSPC) were calculated. To evaluate the thermotherapy efficiency compared to chemical control, fruits were submitted to the following treatments: thermotherapy with and without fungicide application and fruits treated with fungicide only, the control fruits without thermotherapy and without fungicide application. After fifteen days of storage, fruits were evaluated for anthracnose severity. The results of experiments were submitted to analysis of variance and regression and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p

Relata-se a ocorrencia do fungo Graphiola phoenicis em folhas de tamareira proveniente do municipio de Janauba - MG. O objetivo do trabalho foi comprovar e notificar a ocorrencia da doenca em tamareira no Norte de Minas Gerais. As folhas apresentavam pequenas manchas amarelas, nas duas faces da lâmina foliar e na raquis, com a coalescencia das lesoes, estas se tornavam necroticas e sobre as mesmas observaram-se soros, estruturas reprodutivas do fungo. O material foi mantido em câmara umida e examinado apos tres dias em microscopia optica. Por meio de cortes histologicos, visualizou-se liberacao de esporos de coloracao amarelada com aproximadamente 3,03-4,04 x 3,03-5,05µm intercalados com feixes de hifas de 25,53 µm, as quais emergiam do interior de soros, estendendo-se por cerca de 2 a 5 mm para extremidade externa. A diagnose da doenca e a identificacao do patogeno foram realizadas com base nos sintomas e nas estruturas fungicas, caracterizando este fungo como Graphiola phoenicis.

The effects of treating seeds of the common bean with rhizobacteria before sowing associated with different nitrogen (N) doses on the control of the nematode Meloidogyne javanica was evaluated. The assay was carried out in a greenhouse in random blocks, with a factorial arrangement of 5 × 5 + 1: five N doses (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 kg/ha); five isolates: Bacillus pumilus (1, 60 and 76), Bacillus subtilis.-34, Bacillus sp.-36, and one control treatment. The plants were inoculated with 3,000 nematode eggs/pot. After 60 days the assay was evaluated. In the absence of N, B. pumilus-60 promoted a reduction of more than 50% in the number of galls and egg masses compared to the control. B. pumilus (1 and 76) and Bacillus sp.-36 reduced the number of galls in combination with increased N doses. Treatment of seeds with Bacillus in combination with N fertilization contributed to a reduction in the number of galls and nematode egg masses. B. pumilus (60 and 76) reduced the number of galls and egg masses in the absence of N, indicating a nematicidal effect. The treatments had no effect on the number of second-stage juveniles, eggs, or the plant parameters.

Com o objetivo de estudar a ocorrência de nematoides fitoparasitos em frutíferas cultivadas na região noroeste do Paraná, realizou-se um levantamento, envolvendo 124 amostras de solo e raízes coletadas de 19 espécies de frutíferas, em 15 municípios, no período de dezembro/2007 a fevereiro/2009. As amostras foram submetidas a extrações e avaliadas sob microscópio óptico. Foram constatados nove diferentes gêneros de nematoides. Em citros, a espécie mais frequente e abundante foi Tylenchulus semipenetrans, sendo também recuperados das amostras os gêneros Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Trichodorus, Mesocriconema e Dolichodorus. Nas demais frutíferas, os gêneros observados foram Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus e Hemicycliophora. A maior abundância de Pratylenchus brachyurus ocorreu em abacaxizeiro, Meloidogyne incognita em figueira e caquizeiro, e Helicotylenchus dihystera e H. multicinctus em bananeira. Os principais gêneros de fitonematoides foram constatados em aproximadamente 50% das amostras, podendo representar risco para fruteiras da região se não manejados adequadamente. A survey was carried out in order to study the occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes in fruit crops in the Northwest of Paraná, from December 2007 to February 2009. A hundred and twenty four soil and roots samples were collected from 19 species of fruit crops in 15 different municipalities. Nematodes were extracted from the samples and identified under an optical microscope. Nine genera of plant parasitic nematodes were found. In citrus, the most abundant species was Tylenchulus semipenetrans, but it was also recovered Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Trichodorus, Mesocriconema and Dolichodorus. In the other fruit crops, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus and Hemicycliophora were recovered. Pratylenchus brachyurus was most abundant in pineapple crops, Meloidogyne incognita in fig and persimmon, and Helicotylenchus dihystera and H. multicinctus in banana. The main plant parasitic nematode genera were found in approximately 50% of the samples collected, which may represent a possible threat to regional fruit production if not managed adequately.

A flor-preta é uma das doenças mais importantes do morangueiro e a busca por alternativas de controle tem sido uma constante, principalmente em áreas de cultivo orgânico. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência, in vitro e in vivo, dos óleos de Eucalyptus citriodora e Azadirachta indica no controle de Colletotrichum acutatum em morangueiro. No experimento in vitro determinou-se a inibição do crescimento micelial quando o fungo foi submetido aos extratos nas concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5%. No campo, avaliou-se o controle da doença com a aplicação dos óleos nas concentrações de 0, 0,5 e 1,0%, pulverizados em intervalos de 7, 15 e 30 dias, em plantas inoculadas com suspensão de 10(6) conídios/mL. As avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente, observando-se a ocorrência e tamanho de lesões no pedúnculo e nos frutos, abortamento floral, produtividade, e ocorrência natural da doença. In vitro todos os tratamentos apresentaram redução significativa do crescimento micelial do fungo quando comparados ao controle. No campo, apenas o óleo de nim apresentou efeito significativo, reduzindo o abortamento floral e a ocorrência de frutos doentes advindos de flores inoculadas. Porém, maior ocorrência natural de doença foi observada quando a dosagem de 1,0% foi aplicada semanalmente.Anthracnose is one of the most important diseases in strawberry crop, and the search for control alternatives has been frequent, especially in organic cultivation areas. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of Eucaliptus citriodora and Azadirachta indica oil on the control of Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry. In the in vitro experiment, mycelial growth inhibition was determined when the fungus was subjected to extracts at the following concentrations: 0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5%. In the field, the disease control was evaluated through oil spraying at 0, 0.5 and 1.0% concentrations at intervals of seven, fifteen and thirty days, in plants inoculated with 10(6) conidia/mL suspension. Evaluations were weekly performed, and parameters such as occurrences and size of lesions in the peduncle and in the fruits, flower abortion, productivity, and natural disease occurrences were observed. In vitro, all treatments showed significant reduction in the mycelial growth relative to control. In the field, only neem oil had a significant effect decreasing flower abortion and the occurrences of sick fruits originated from inoculated flowers. However, natural disease occurrence was higher when 1.0% was weekly sprayed.

A flor-preta é uma das doenças mais importantes do morangueiro e a busca por alternativas de controle tem sido uma constante, principalmente em áreas de cultivo orgânico. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência, in vitro e in vivo, dos óleos de Eucalyptus citriodora e Azadirachta indica no controle de Colletotrichum acutatum em morangueiro. No experimento in vitro determinou-se a inibição do crescimento micelial quando o fungo foi submetido aos extratos nas concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5%. No campo, avaliou-se o controle da doença com a aplicação dos óleos nas concentrações de 0, 0,5 e 1,0%, pulverizados em intervalos de 7, 15 e 30 dias, em plantas inoculadas com suspensão de 10(6) conídios/mL. As avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente, observando-se a ocorrência e tamanho de lesões no pedúnculo e nos frutos, abortamento floral, produtividade, e ocorrência natural da doença. In vitro todos os tratamentos apresentaram redução significativa do crescimento micelial do fungo quando comparados ao controle. No campo, apenas o óleo de nim apresentou efeito significativo, reduzindo o abortamento floral e a ocorrência de frutos doentes advindos de flores inoculadas. Porém, maior ocorrência natural de doença foi observada quando a dosagem de 1,0% foi aplicada semanalmente. Anthracnose is one of the most important diseases in strawberry crop, and the search for control alternatives has been frequent, especially in organic cultivation areas. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of Eucaliptus citriodora and Azadirachta indica oil on the control of Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry. In the in vitro experiment, mycelial growth inhibition was determined when the fungus was subjected to extracts at the following concentrations: 0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5%. In the field, the disease control was evaluated through oil spraying at 0, 0.5 and 1.0% concentrations at intervals of seven, fifteen and thirty days, in plants inoculated with 10(6) conidia/mL suspension. Evaluations were weekly performed, and parameters such as occurrences and size of lesions in the peduncle and in the fruits, flower abortion, productivity, and natural disease occurrences were observed. In vitro, all treatments showed significant reduction in the mycelial growth relative to control. In the field, only neem oil had a significant effect decreasing flower abortion and the occurrences of sick fruits originated from inoculated flowers. However, natural disease occurrence was higher when 1.0% was weekly sprayed.

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Alternative forms of disease control in fruits have been researched in an attempt to minimize the negative effects of chemical control on men and environment. The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration of essential oils to control the development of Colletotrichum musae and anthracnose intensity in ‘Prata Anã’ banana. In order to inhibit germination, mycelial growth and sporulation, four essential oils of clove (Eugenia caryophyllus), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) species were used at concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 μL. In fruits, the same essential oils were applied at concentrations of 80, 160, 240 and 320 μL to evaluate the incidence and severity of anthracnose. Clove and thyme oils were the most efficient in inhibiting mycelial growth, germination and sporulation at all concentrations tested. The volatile compounds present in clove and thyme oils provide complete inhibition of fungal growth. Tea tree and ginger oils have the ability to suppress anthracnose in ‘Prata Anã’ banana. Concentrations of 160 μL of ginger oil, 160 and 240 μL of tea tree oil reduced the anthracnose severity in fruits. Ginger and tea tree essential oils have the potential to control banana anthracnose, reducing the anthracnose incidence in fruits by 48% and 24%, respectively.

Alguns hibridos tetraploides apresentam resistência à antracnose, porém são reduzidas as informações sobre os níveis de resistência desses genótipos e o comportamento dos mesmos no Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a incidência e a severidade de antracnose sobre o comportamento de diferentes genótipos de bananeiras resistentes a Sigatoka-Negra em função de diferentes concentrações de conídios de Colletotrichum musae em diferentes épocas de avaliação. Os frutos colhidos no estádio de maturação fisiológica dos genótipos, Thap Maeo, Caipira, Pacovan Ken, Ambrosia, PV 42-53, PA 42-44, FHIA 01, FHIA 18 e a cultivar Prata-Anã utilizada como testemunha. Buquês contendo três frutos foram atomizados com diferentes concentrações (0; 10²; 10³; 10(4); 10(5) e 10(6) conídios/mL) de C. musae. Os frutos foram incubados a 25 ºC. A incidência e severidade da antracnose foi avaliada aos 3; 6; 9 e 12 dias após a inoculação. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 9x6x4 (genótipos, concentrações de esporos e épocas de avaliação), com quatro repetições, contendo quatro buquês de três frutos. Aos doze dias de avaliação, todos os frutos de todos os genótipos estudados apresentaram incidência de C. musae quando inoculados com as diferentes concentrações de inóculo. A cultivar Thap Maeo apresentou a menor severidade (27,5%) de antracnose, enquanto os genótipos Ambrosia, PV 42-53, FHIA 18 e FHIA 01 foram as mais suscetíveis à antracnose com 64%, 64%, 61,33% e 58% de severidade, respectivamente. Some tetraploides hybrids present resistance to anthracnose, however the information on the levels of resistance of these genotypes and the behavior in Brazil are reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of injury on the behavior of different banana genotypes resistant to Black Sigatoka for different concentrations of conidia of Colletotrichum musae in different times of evaluation. The fruits of the genotypes, Thap Maeo, Caipira, Pacovan Ken, Ambrosia, PV 42-53, PA 42-44, FHIA 01, FHIA 18 and cultivar Prata Anã, were collected at the stage of physiological maturation. Bunches containing three fruits were atomized with different concentrations: 0, 10², 10³, 10(4), 10(5) and 10(6) conidia/mL of C. musae. The fruits were incubated at 25 ºC. The incidence and severity of the anthracnose were evaluated 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after the inoculation. A completely randomized experimental design was used, in a factorial scheme 9x6x4 (genotypes, concentrations of spores and evaluation periods) with four replications containing four bunches of three fruits. After twelve days of evaluation all the fruits of all the studied genotypes presented incidence of C. musae when different concentrations of inoculum were used. Concerning the severity of the anthracnose, the cultivar Thap Maeo had the lowest severity (27,5%) of anthracnose while the genotypes Ambrosia, PV 42-53, FHIA 18 and FHIA 01 were the most susceptible to the anthracnose at 64%, 64%, 61,33%, 58% of severity, respectively.

Pequi waste added to soil can lead to promising results in the management of plant nematodes. This study evaluated the effect of organic compost of pequi fruit waste in the control of Meloidogyne javanica in okra plants. The compost was comprised of cattle manure, sugarcane straw, and pequi rind waste in the ratio 1:1:1. Treatments were five doses of organic compost (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 g dm-3) and two additional controls: manure (20 g dm-3) and mineral fertilizer (100 mg dm-3 of N), arranged in randomized block design with 10 repetitions. Different treatments were incorporated into pots containing 3 dm-3 of sandy soil infested with 5,000 eggs of M. javanica. Seedlings were transplanted five days later, and evaluated after 60 days of transplanting. Organic compost with pequi waste incorporated to soil increased shoot dry weight and root weight, and reduced the number of egg masses, galls and eggs of M. javanica per gram of root, and reproduction factor. Doses of 20 and 30 g dm-3 increased plant development and reduced the reproductivity of M. javanica compared to mineral fertilizer.

RESUMO A antracnose é uma das principais doenças pós-colheita em bananas. O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar, durante dez meses, a intensidade da antracnose e o efeito da lavagem e sanitização das frutas no controle da doença em pós-colheita de bananas. O experimento foi realizado de setembro de 2013 a junho de 2014. As coletas dos frutos foram realizadas, mensalmente, em cinco propriedades comerciais localizadas nos municípios de Jaíba, Janaúba e Nova Porteirinha, cultivadas com banana ‘Prata-Anã’. As pencas foram subdivididas em buquês de três frutos, o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial e submetidos aos tratamentos: frutos sem a realização da lavagem (testemunha); frutos lavados na propriedade; frutos lavados no laboratório com hipoclorito de sódio a 2%; frutos lavados no laboratório com hipoclorito de sódio a 2% seguido de aplicação com fungicida Imazalil. As avaliações foram realizadas em 10 épocas e os tratamentos repetidos cinco vezes. Calculou-se área abaixo da curva de progresso da intensidade (AACPI) e área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade (AACPS). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas através do teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. A maior intensidade de antracnose em bananas no Norte de Minas ocorre nos meses de novembro de 2013 a março de 2014. A menor intensidade ocorre nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2013 e abril a junho de 2014. Nos meses de novembro a março, época de maior intensidade de doença, a lavagem dos frutos com detergente neutro e hipoclorito de sódio a 2% seguida de aplicação do fungicida Imazalil é a técnica mais eficiente de controle. A lavagem dos frutos, apenas com detergente neutro pode favorecer o aparecimento de antracnose, pela degradação da cutícula. ABSTRACT Anthracnose is one of the major post harvest diseases of bananas. The study aimed to evaluate for ten months the intensity of the anthracnose and the effect of washing and sanitizing of the fruits in the disease control on the post harvest of bananas. The experiment was conducted from September 2013 to June 2014. The samplings of the fruits were held monthly in five commercial properties located in the cities of Jaíba, Janaúba and Nova Porteirinha, cultivated with banana “Prata-Anã”. The bunch of bananas were subdivided into bouquets of three fruits, the experimental design was entirely randomized in factorial scheme and subjected to the treatments: fruits without the realization of the washing (control); fruits washed in the property; fruits washed in the laboratory with sodium hypochlorite at 2%; fruits washed in the laboratory with sodium hypochlorite followed by 2% Imazalil fungicide application. The evaluations were performed in 10 seasons, and the treatments replicated five times. It was calculated the area below the intensity progress curve (ABIPC) and the area below the severity progress curve (ABSPC).The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and average compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability. The highest intensity of anthracnose on bananas in North of Minas Gerais occurred in the months of November 2013 to March 2014. The lower intensity occurred in the months of September and October 2013 and from April to June 2014. In the months from November to March, period of higher intensity of the disease, the washing of the fruits with neutral detergent and sodium hypochlorite at 2% followed by application of Imazalil fungicide is the most efficient control technique. Washing of fruit, only with neutral detergent may increase the incidence of anthracnose, a deterioration of the cuticle.

Determinou-se a variabilidade genética de 37 isolados de Fusarium solani e 13 isolados de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae patogênicos ao maracujazeiro por meio do uso de marcadores ISSR e RAPD. Os isolados foram obtidos de maracujazeiros com sintomas de murcha, encontrados nas principais regiões produtoras do Norte Mineiro e no município de Sebastião Laranjeira – BA. Após obtenção de culturas monospóricas, os isolados tiveram seus DNAs extraídos e submetidos à reação de PCR. Foram selecionados nove primers ISSR e nove primersRAPD, e a análise de dados foi realizada, utilizando-se do coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard. A partir da amplificação com os primers ISSR e RAPD, foram obtidos 121 e 126 locos, respectivamente, sendo quetodos apresentaram polimorfismo entre, pelo menos, dois isolados. Demonstraram-se, por meio das análises ISSR, índice de similaridade genética interespecífica de 0,15 e índices de variabilidade intraespecífica de 0,27 a 0,92 para F. solani e de 0,30 a 0,89 para F. oxysporum. f. sp. passiflorae. Já, por meio das análises RAPD, foram gerados índice de similaridade genética interespecífica de 0,11 e índices de variabilidade intraespecífica de 0,17 a 0,79 para F. solani e de 0,21 a 0,73 para F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae. Os isolados de F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae e F. solani agruparam-se em dois clustersdistintos, e observou-se uma alta variabilidade intraespecífica nas duas espécies. The diversity of 37 isolates of Fusarium solani and 13 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae was evaluated using ISSR and RAPD molecular markers. The isolates were obtained from passion fruit plants with wilt symptoms, found in the main producing regions of the Northern of Minas Gerais and Sebastião Laranjeira - BA. Molecular fingerprinting were obtained using DNA extract from mycelium of monosporic culture and nine ISSR and RAPD primers. Amplification with ISSR and RAPD primers generated 121 and 126 bands, respectively, all of which showed polymorphism between at least two isolates. ISSR analysis showed interspecific genetic similarity index of 0.15. The intraspecific variability was large, ranging from 0.27 to 0.92 for F. solani and from 0.30 to 0.89 for F. o. f. sp. passiflorae. The RAPD analysis generated interspecific genetic similarity index of 0.11 and intraspecific variability indices ranging from 0.17 to 0.79 for F. solani and from 0.21 to 0.73 for F. o. f. sp. passiflorae. The isolates of F. oxysporumf. sp. passiflorae and F. solani were clustered into two distinct groups. The intraspecific variability within the two species was high.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a reação de genótipos de maracujazeiro a Meloidogyne spp.. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em DBC, com seis repetições, em esquema fatorial 9x2 (Passiflora giberti, P. nitida, P. setacea, P. mucronata, P. cincinnata, P. ligularis, P.alata, híbrido BRS Sol do Cerrado e seleção M19-UFV x Meloidogyne javanica e M. incognita raça 3). Segundo os critérios de Oostenbrink, e Moura e Régis, o BRS Sol do Cerrado, a seleção M-19-UFV e P. alata comportaram-se como imunes a M. incognita. Além destes, P. cincinnata e P. setacea foram imunes a M. javanica. Passiflora cincinnata e P.giberti comportaram-se como resistentes a M. incognita e M. javanica, respectivamente. Segundo Taylor e Sasser, os genótipos classificados como imunes pelos outros critérios foram classificados como resistentes aos nematoides. Todas as variáveis nematológicas avaliadas em P. giberti, P. ligularis, P. mucronata e P. nitida foram superiores em plantas infectadas por M. incognita. Independentemente do nematoide, P. mucronata apresentou maior número de galhas, massas de ovos, ovos, J2 e FR, em relação aos outros genótipos. O peso de matéria fresca de raiz de P. ligularis e P. mucronata foi menor na presença de M. incognita em relação a M. javanica. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of genotypes of passion fruit to Meloidogyne spp.. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in RBD with six replications in 9 x 2 factorial designs (Passiflora giberti, P. nitida, P. setacea, P. mucronata, P. cincinnata, P. ligularis, P. alata, BRS Sol do Cerrado cultivar and selection M19-UFV x Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita race 3). According to Oostenbrink criteria, and Moura and Régis, the BRS Sol do Cerrado, and selection M-19-UFV and P. alata behaved as immune to M. incognita. In addition to these, P. cincinnata and P. setacea were immune to M. javanica. Passiflora cincinnata and P.giberti behaved as resistant to M. incognita and M. javanica, respectively. According to Taylor and Sasser, the genotypes classified as immune by the other criteria were classified as resistant to nematodes. All the nematological variables evaluated in P. giberti, P. ligularis, P. mucronata and P. nitida were superior in plants infected by M. incognita. Regardless of the nematode, P mucronata presented larger number of root galls, egg masses, eggs, J2 and RF, as compared to the other genotypes. The root fresh matter weight of P. ligularis and P. mucronata was smaller in the presence of M. incognita as compared to M. javanica.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de compostos orgânicos no controle de Meloidogyne javanica, e no desenvolvimento de mudas de bananeiras 'Prata-Anã. O experimento foi conduzido em DIC, com dez repetições, e os tratamentos consistiram em quatro compostos constituídos de diferentes matérias-primas (restos da cultura da banana, cana-de-açúcar, esterco bovino, cascas de banana, plantas daninhas, capim andropogon), o esterco bovino, a torta de mamona e testemunhas (adubação mineral), carbofuran e testemunha absoluta (sem adição de composto orgânico). Em cada vaso, foram colocados 3 kg de solo autoclavado, incorporado com cada um dos tratamentos avaliados e inoculado com suspensão contendo 4.000 ovos de M. javanica. Após quatro dias, transplantou-se uma muda de bananeira 'Prata-Anã' micropropagada, e aos 60 dias, avaliaram-se: altura das plantas, diâmetro, número de folhas e peso de matéria seca da parte aérea, e número de galhas, massas de ovos, número de ovos e o número de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2), por 100 cm³ de solo. Testou-se in vitro o efeito das frações húmicas dos quatro compostos (que não causaram fitotoxidez) e esterco bovino sobre a mortalidade e motilidade de J2 de M. javanica. O ensaio foi montado em placas de ELISA em DIC, com cinco repetições. Os compostos orgânicos e o esterco bovino aumentaram o desenvolvimento das mudas. A torta de mamona provocou efeito fitotóxico às mudas. Menor número de variáveis nematológicas foi proporcionado pela torta de mamona e pelo carbofuran. O número de J2 também foi menor nas parcelas tratadas com carbofuran e também pelo Composto 3, constituído por plantas daninhas+restos de cana-de-açúcar+ esterco bovino e pelo adubo mineral. Para o teste in vitro, as substâncias húmicas conferiram efeito nematicida e nematostático. Dentre os compostos, o C3 mostrou-se promissor por reduzir o desenvolvimento do nematoides e não apresentar efeito fitotóxico. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic compounds in the control of Meloidogyne javanica, and in the development of 'Prata-Anã' banana seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with ten replicates, and treatments consisted of four compounds made from different raw materials (remnants of bananas crop, sugar cane, cattle manure, banana skins, weeds, Andropogon grass), the manure, the castor bean cake, and controls (mineral fertilizer; 'carbofuran' and absolute control (no added organic compounds). It was placed in each pot 3 kg of soil, autoclaved, mixed with each one of the treatments and inoculated with a suspension containing 4,000 eggs of M. javanica. After four days one 'Prata-Anã' micropropagated seedling was transplanted and at 60 days it was evaluated: plant height, diameter, number of leaves, dry matter weight of shoots, number of galls, egg masses, number of eggs and the number of second-stage juveniles (J2) per 100 cm³ of soil. It was tested in vitro the effect of humic fractions of the four compounds (which did not cause phytotoxicity) and cattle manure on mortality and motility of J2 of M. javanica. The essay was set on ELISA plates in a completely randomized design with five replications. Organic compounds and manure increased the growth of plantlets. The castor bean cake caused phytotoxic effect on the seedlings. Less number of nematological variables was provided by the castor bean cake and by the 'carbofuran'. The number of J2 was also lower in plots treated with 'carbofuran' and also by the Compound 3 constituted of weed + sugar cane residues + cattle manure and by the mineral fertilizer. For the in vitro test, the humic substances presented nematicide and nematostatic effects. Among the compounds, the C3 showed itself promise for reducing the development of the nematode and for not present phytotoxic effect.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of elicitor, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), in inducing resistance to Meloidogyne javanica in soybean and in enhancing plant development. Plantlets of the soybean susceptible cultivar BRSMT-Pintado and the resistant cultivar MG/BR 46 Conquista were treated with ASM (0.5 g/L) at three different times: seven days before, one day before and seven days after inoculation with 2000 eggs/plant. Untreated inoculated plants and untreated non-inoculated plants were used as controls. Sixty days after inoculation, the number of galls, eggs/g root and vegetative parameters (height, aerial part fresh and dry mass and root fresh mass) were evaluated. The experiments were conducted over two different periods (Experiments 1 and 2). Only in Experiment 2 treatment "seven days before inoculation" reduced the number of eggs/g root, irrespective of the cultivar evaluated, but the number of galls was not affected. Stronger plant development was observed in the susceptible soybean cultivar treated seven days before inoculation in Experiment 2.

Durante a extração do mesocarpo interno do pequi que corresponde à parte comestível e possui valor comercial, são descartados no ambiente o exocarpo e o mesocarpo externo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho investigar o uso do extrato aquoso e do pó moído dos resíduos de pequi no controle do nematóide das galhas (Meloidogyne javanica). Do exocarpo e do mesocarpo externo foram obtidos extrato aquoso e o pó moído. Cinco doses do extrato aquoso (0,0; 2,5; 5; 10 ou 20%) foram avaliadas quanto ao efeito na eclosão e mortalidade de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) do nematóide das galhas in vitro. Os ensaios foram montados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 10 repetições por tratamento. O teste de eclosão foi feito em câmaras de eclosão às quais foram adicionados 800 ovos do nematoide e 10 mL das diferentes doses do extrato. Durante 14 dias contou-se o número de J2 eclodidos com auxílio do microscópio ótico. O ensaio de mortalidade de J2 do nematóide das galhas foi avaliado colocando-se 100 μL de cada dose do extrato em cada célula da placa Elisa e 20 μL contendo 20 J2. Após 24 h contou-se o número de nematoides vivos e mortos. O pó de pequi moído foi testado em tomateiro em casa de vegetação em quatro doses (0; 7,5; 15 ou 30 g/4 kg de solo) em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 10 repetições por tratamento. O pó de pequi foi incorporado sete dias antes do plantio do tomateiro e a inoculação de ovos do nematoide foi feita após o plantio. Após 40 dias foram avaliados: o número de galhas, massas de ovos, ovos por raiz e J2/200 cm³ de solo e altura e peso de massa seca de parte aérea do tomateiro. O extrato aquoso reduziu significativamente a eclosão e aumentou a mortalidade de J2 do nematóide das galhas. O aumento das doses do pó reduziu o número de galhas, massas de ovos e ovos do nematóide das galhas por sistema radicular, bem como o peso da massa seca de parte aérea e da altura do tomateiro os quais são indicativos de fitotoxicidade. The exocarp and external mesocarp of pequi fruit are discarded during the extraction of internal mesocarp which is the commercial part used as food. The objective of this research was to study the use of aqueous extract and of pequi ground-powder to the control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica). From ground pequi fruit exocarp and external mesocarp were obtained the aquaeous extract and powder. Five doses of aquaeous extract (0.0; 2.5; 5; 10 or 20%) were evaluated on root-knot nematode J2 (second stage juvenile) hatching and mortality. The assays were carried out in entirely randomized design with 10 replications. The hatching assay was set in Petri plates with 800 nematode eggs and 10 mL of different doses of extract. During 14 days we counted the number of hatched juveniles under optical microscope. The mortality assay of root-knot nematode was evaluated putting 100 µL of each dose of extract plus 20 µL of supension containing 20 J2 in each cell Elisa plate. After 24 h was counted the number of live and dead juveniles. The pequi powder was tested in tomato plants in greenhouse in four doses (0; 7.5; 15 or 30 g/4 kg of soil) in randomized blocks design with 10 replications per treatment. The pequi powder was incorporated to the soil seven days before transplanting and nematode eggs inoculation was carried out after transplanting. After 40 days we evaluated the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/root and J2 per 200 cm³ soil and the tomato shoot dry weight and height. The aquaeous extract reduced J2 hatching and increased J2 mortality. The increased application of powder doses reduced the number of galls, egg masses and eggs of root-knot nematodes per root system and the tomato shoot dry weight being a good indication of phytotoxicity.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o plantio irrigado de bananeiras resistentes à Sigatoka-negra consorciado com cultura anuais, na região norte de Minas Gerais, um experimento foi instalado na Fazenda Experimental do Departamento de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Câmpus de Janaúba-MG. O experimento foi conduzido no período de abril de 2006 a julho de 2007, delineado em blocos casualizados, segundo um esquema de parcelas subdivididas 3 x 5, tendo na parcela as três variedades de bananeiras: Pacovan Ken, Caipira e Thap Maeo, e na subparcela quatro culturas intercalares: Feijão-Pérola, Quiabo-Dardo, Melancia-Crimson-Sweet e Feijão-Caupi, e a testemunha (sem cultura intercalar), com três repetições. Ao todo, foram 756 bananeiras, em 45 parcelas, com 6 plantas úteis cada, constituindo a cultura principal. As culturas intercalares ocuparam as entrelinhas da bananeira, tanto aquelas com as linhas de irrigação como sem linha de irrigação. O plantio da bananeira e das culturas intercalares foi feito no mesmo período, utilizando-se do espaçamento de 3,0 m entre as linhas e 2,0 m entre as covas de bananeira, com microaspersores espaçados de 6 m. Avaliaram-se as características vegetativas e reprodutivas das variedades de bananeiras, no primeiro ciclo. Não foi observado efeito significativo dos cultivos intercalares sobre as variedades de bananeiras, com exceção do número de dias do plantio ao florescimento e do número de dias do plantio à colheita das variedades de bananeiras. O uso do feijão-caupi promoveu atraso no ciclo de produção das três variedades de bananeiras Pacovan Ken, Caipira e Thap Maeo.