Search

The article sheds light on the refugee crisis of U.S. Army General William T. Sherman's March to the Sea from Atlanta to Savannah in Georgia in the Civil War era and the integration of freed refugees into the Port Royal Experiment. Topics discussed include challenge of finding permanent settlements for refugees, fundraising efforts to provide relief to refugees, social dislocation of freedpeople, spread of disease and lack of food, and tensions over labor arrangements and wartime emancipation.

The notion of the rural idyll is well recognised within scholarship. Allied to this imaginary is that rural areas comprise white and homogenous space, with socially conservative values that are exclusionary. In recent decades, studies have identified the arrival of migrants into so‐called New Immigration Destinations, rural spaces with little contemporary experience of immigration, often bringing with them a sense of cosmopolitanism. That research challenges discourses of a fully exclusive rural space, identifying acts of welcoming and hospitality. These acts are often performed in everyday spaces to help create a sense of belonging for new arrivals. Migrants’ sense of belonging to a place is often taken as an indicator of their integration into society. Research has shown that belonging is more than a term used to describe an attachment to place, it also relates to the politics (of belonging) and to notions of identity. We use the specificity of place to examine the intersection of belonging, rurality and ethnicity. Drawing on participatory walks with diverse migrants along Hadrian's Wall in the North of England (celebrating 1900‐year anniversary), we explore the significance of walking as a tool to engage with forced refugees. We do so through the dual perspectives of an art practitioner and a sociologist. The project included collective walks, creative artist lead learning workshops, which lead to a performative protest walk, and a public‐facing art exhibition. The act of walking together blurs boundaries arising from individual status or position, creating a bond from doing a shared activity enabling conversation and friendships to emerge. Through collective walking, we explore the barriers refugees and those in the asylum‐seeking system face in the rural space; and we show how belonging is emotional and relational. Emotional connections can become powerful tools for survival, especially in a cruel immigration system that dehumanises and fails to recognise individuals for who they really are. This is demonstrated in the title of this article ‘We are here our hearts are there’, which comes from one of our participants who deployed the phrase during the artistic performative protest along the Wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration and relations are essential for most civil society organizations (CSOs). Still, little is known about what drives CSOs to collaborate among themselves when supporting refugees. By analysing drivers for collaboration and relational aspects in Malmö, Sweden, as the empirical setting, including how past, present, and anticipated future relations affect CSOs' organizational behaviour, the article aims to contribute to our understanding of CSOs' collaboration when supporting refugees. While collaborative drivers are important to understand the motivation to collaborate, adding a relational perspective helps us understand the complexity of collaboration, especially when CSOs do not exclusively collaborate to benefit their own organization. Past relations are essential for some collaboration, whereas other collaboration and behaviour create new ties and intensify existing ones. Moreover, the results demonstrate that on a local level, a variety of CSOs is crucial as they complement each other in covering different needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the premise that North Korean defectors have a dual identity, that of both migrant and refugee, this article examines how and why this duality is intensified in the case of those who defect to Russia, where North Korean defectors do not have proper rights or protections under either category. The main focus of this article is on the situation of North Korean defectors on the ground and with regard to Russian refugee laws, drawing on personal testimony, statistics, and related governmental and NGO documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the conflict between press censorship and free speech in post-partition Delhi, focusing on the Urdu press. It demonstrates how conflicts over free speech became a focal point for the intersection of two fundamental tensions underlying postcolonial state formation—between civil liberties and the authoritarian legacy of colonial rule, and between a secular democracy and a religion-based partition. The article explores the Urdu refugee dailies that relocated from Lahore to Delhi amid the partition upheaval and emerged as significant media voicing refugees' interests, often at the expense of Muslim residents. Their provocative writings simultaneously challenged the boundaries of free speech and advanced an exclusionary notion of citizenship based on blood-based descent (jus sanguinis). This narrow conception of citizenship, underlying the partition migrations themselves, challenged the secularist vision of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. In response, the Delhi administration took actions against the refugee papers, making them central to contemporary struggles over press censorship. By taking the state to court, refugee editors promoted citizens' right to free speech, but simultaneously advanced a circumscribed notion of ethno-religious citizenship. Navigating this dual role, the article unveils the exclusions and contradictions that marked citizenship formation in the early postcolonial period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments around the world acted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic through lockdowns and border closures that had specific impacts on temporary residents (migrants, asylum seekers and refugees). In Australia, there were differential responses across states and territories, and a critical distinction made at Federal government level between permanent residents and citizens as compared to temporary migrants. The result has been the continued Othering of certain groups of Australians of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds as well as migrants and refugees on the basis of racial characteristics and visa status. This paper will consider the period where arguably multicultural policies were 'on hold' by investigating the timeline leading up to major policy decisions and the immediate and longer-term after-effects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arguably the way in which multicultural communities were treated has shown the superficial nature of multicultural policies in Australia and the lack of more solid foundations in support of what now demographically constitutes a majority of the country's population. Drawing on secondary data analysis, the paper will outline the distance these actions have put between political leaders and multicultural communities, and queries the implications for a sustained commitment to multicultural policies in an era of temporary migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically reflects on the implementation of participatory video (PV) to explore the perspectives of 14 refugee participants regarding their place-making strategies in the Netherlands. The insights here derive from the experience of co-designing and implementing the Digital Place-makers program: a filmmaking course that relies on basic editing training and story-telling. PV has been strongly criticized for its attendance to researchers' output requirements during the production process. We address this issue by focusing on our role as facilitators in acquiring editing skills and capacities that allow participants to produce their films as autonomously as possible. In doing so, we found that engaging in editing techniques during PV had multiple benefits for the refugees, such as enabling a pathway for regaining confidence and highlighting social injustice in their communities. We also argue that knowledge co-production in refugee research must question labels of vulnerability that prevent participants from enjoying authorship of their productions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While previous systematic reviews have focused on individual interventions for refugees, the current study aims to contribute to the literature by systematically reviewing the effectiveness of group and community-based interventions, to provide insight into ways current treatments can be scaled and integrated into stepped-care interventions. A systematic review was conducted. In September 2022, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Embase and CINAHL were systematically searched and findings were analysed using narrative thematic analysis. Key findings were that in general the group format was effective, especially when paired with an intervention such as cognitive behavioural therapy. The findings also point to barriers and facilitators for accessing group interventions, including language, cultural safety, and gender considerations. In general, while groups were not typically seen as a replacement for individual therapy, the included studies suggested the complementary value of group modalities, as well as their utility as an early access intervention. Ultimately, the existing body of research concerning group interventions indicates that treatments delivered in a group format have utility and scalability and should be considered for integration into stepped models of care for people with refugee backgrounds. What is already known about this topic: Stepped care enhances access to mental health care. Refugees have a higher vulnerability to developing mental illness and lower access to services. Group programmes are often more culturally responsive for refugees. What this topic adds: Stepped care should include group-based and community interventions at the lower tiers of stepped care models. In-language culturally adapted group interventions are generally effective and accessible for refugees. To enhance accessibility, practitioners should consider providing transport and childcare as part of facilitating group-based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the experiences of five Italian social workers working in secondary reception centres with African refugee families in an attempt to deepen the feelings experienced in working with refugee families as well as their representations of African parenthood. A semi-structured interview was developed and analysed according to the principles of the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The findings suggested that the work with the refugee families, compared to that with single refugees, might configure a higher at-risk area for mental health, due to the copious individual, relational, collective, social dimensions, and cultural issues to take into consideration, returning the idea that professionals working with refugee families seem to feel 'unaccompanied' and 'emotionally loaded'. The results also deepen, from the social workers' gaze, composite representations of African parenthood, evidencing the importance played by the cultural differences in reading and interpreting the foreigner parenting practices. Clinical implications will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burns represent one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide and disproportionately impact women, children, and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. Syrian refugees who fled conflict to land in overcrowded informal settlements across Lebanon are a particularly vulnerable population. This study aims to assess the etiology and risk factors for burns in this population. This cross-sectional, cluster-based population study adopted the Surgeons Overseas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) version 3.0 to capture data from refugees residing in informal settlements in multiple regions across Lebanon. The tool was contextualized and used to collect detailed information on burn cases sustained by refugees during the last 12 months prior to data collection. Univariate logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationship between burns and associated risk factors. From the 1468 households surveyed, a total of 223 households experienced a burn in the last 12 months. Over 63% of burns occurred in children under the age of ten years and almost 57% of burns occurred in females. More than 70% of burns resulted from hot liquid, while 17% were caused by direct heat contact. Over 3/4ths of burns occurred while preparing food (77.4%). Approximately 32% of those burned did not seek healthcare, of which almost 85% noted the cause was mainly due to financial limitations. Burns are a common injury in the Syrian refugee population living in Lebanon. Children and women are particularly impacted, often during cooking. Multi-level interventions are necessary to reduce burn injuries and improve care for those affected by burns. Community kitchens can be used to separate cooking and living environments and get stoves and hot liquids off the floor. Importantly, policies should allow for refugees to receive medical care when necessary without a major financial burden. • Children under 10 years and females were mostly vulnerable to burns. • Burns from boiling liquids and heat contact underscore risk factors. • Prevalence of burns in food prepration emphasize the need to improve cooking safety. • Limited healthcare access for burn victims due to finances highlights the need for equitable care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the intersection of refugee studies and literary studies, suggesting that the study of refugees can bring new perspectives to transnational American studies. It emphasizes the rise of a literary realm of refugee studies that focuses on pain, suffering, testimony, empathy, and storytelling. The article examines three recent studies that shed light on forgotten violence during the Cold War and US militarism, while advocating for the representation of refugees themselves. It also questions the power of storytelling in addressing current crises and calls for a deeper analysis of empathic identification and historical recovery. The text discusses two books that explore refugee aesthetics and the representation of refugees in literature, but raises criticisms about their historical grounding and focus on certain conflicts. It calls for a more nuanced understanding of the refugee experience in the context of global crises and the impact of US imperialism. [Extracted from the article]

The year 2016 is remembered globally for the adoption of the New York Declaration and its Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) as the new global refugee response model. In this regard, Ethiopia has been one of those African countries that have adopted the Declaration, made specific CRRF pledges and has become a CRRF pilot country. Such national policy move heralded the shift of refugee policy in Ethiopia in the post-2016 era. Nonetheless, compared to the focus accorded to refugees and the role of international institutions and donors, the role of African hosting states in the governance of refugees and how they navigate internal and external demands and adopt policies have been paid little scholarly attention. This study, therefore, aims to fill in this scholarly gap and contribute to the existing debate in the academic and policy circle on state response to refugees in the era of CRRF from the Global South perspective by providing an empirical insight into the nature, dynamics and shift of refugee policies in Ethiopia and the factors that contributed to this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence rates and correlates of mental or physical disability among recently resettled refugees, who undergo strenuous journeys before arriving in the US, remain unknown, masking potential health disparities. Self-reported disability was measured by the 2018 Annual Survey of Refugees (ASR), and defined as having a physical, mental, or other health condition for more than 6 months that precluded one from working. Prevalence rates of self-reported disability and sample correlates were investigated using descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Of N = 4259 participating refugees in ASR (Mean Age = 28.2, SD = 17.2; 52.5% male), 2875 responded to the disability question and 21.4% reported disability. About 33.7% were born in the Middle East region, 29.5% had no formal education, and 35% had an income of less than $15,000. Age (OR = 1.06, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.06,1.07], p < 0.001), region of birth (OR = 1.82, 95% CI [1.31, 2.51], p < 0.001), employment status (OR = 3.31, 95% CI [2.67, 4.11], p < 0.001), and receiving food stamps (OR = 2.09, 95% CI [1.66, 2.62], p < 0.001) were associated with self-reported disability. Disability levels among refugees recently resettled in the United States are comparable to national disability rates in the US. Our results suggest that multiple aspects of the refugee experience (i.e., demographics, socioeconomic status, contextual migration history) need to be considered to understand the risk for health outcomes. Future investigations of disabilities in diverse refugee populations over time and tailored public health interventions to mitigate potential risk factors are warranted to promote health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the contentious nature of refugee policies and the polarized debate over immigration. It highlights the increase in anti-immigrant attitudes in Europe after the arrival of Syrian refugees in 2015 and the suspension of refugee entry by former President Donald Trump in the United States. The article also mentions the backlash and political divide surrounding Ukrainian refugees and the impact of misperceptions and misunderstandings on attitudes towards refugees. It introduces a book called "We Thought It Would Be Heaven: Refugees in an Unequal America," which explores the mismatch between refugee expectations and the reality of living in the United States, the obstacles in the resettlement process, and humanistic solutions for successful resettlement. The book emphasizes the role of cultural brokers and institutional insiders in helping refugees navigate the complex American welfare system. It also critiques the American welfare system and its impact on low-income households. The article concludes by suggesting that further research is needed to understand the influence of refugee expectations, perceptions, and activism on political decision-making. [Extracted from the article]

Despite welcoming millions of displaced individuals over the past 50 years, there is limited policy consideration of US higher education access for displaced learners. This study threads together Critical Race Theory and racialized organization theory to examine institutional websites and key administrator interviews to consider institutional policies and practices centering on displaced learners – refugees, asylees, and Temporary Protected Status holders – in public higher education institutions in Houston, Texas, and Sacramento, California. The findings capture how the essentialization of marginalized populations – through a lack of engagement with displaced learners and limited data on displaced populations – obscures the unique needs of these individuals. Additionally, the findings point to how institutions work to center displaced students, despite policy voids. These findings expand the literature on displaced learner access to US higher education beyond students to focus on the role of institutions, providing a foundation for considering more equitable institutional policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanitarian organizations in Bangladesh introduced emergency services to protect Rohingya refugees from COVID-19. This article aims to explore the roles front-line leaders from those organizations played in reducing the spread of the infection and protecting the refugees. By using in-depth interviews with 42 first-line managers (FLMs), it explores the innovative actions and strategies adopted by these managers to implement COVID-19-related programs and services. Initiatives such as training and engaging Rohingya volunteers and developing services promptly in order to raise awareness and manage testing, treatment, and psychosocial interventions contributed significantly to pandemic management in Rohingya refugee camps. Humanitarian groups must realize the crucial role first-line managers (FLMs) play in managing their staff while providing high-quality services in times of crisis. FLMs must be both leaders and managers in order to deal with a pandemic, in which uncertainty and a lack of knowledge create a complicated and demanding environment. Both functions are critical to providing quality services when resources are limited and only a few workers are available. The FLMs focused on mass-level awareness programs with active community engagement and participation, counseling for behavioral change, the provision of information in order to address socio-cultural barriers to community engagement, better utilization of agency services and resources, and pandemic management so as to reduce the spread and the rate of infection of COVID-19 among Rohingya refugees. Senior and middle management commitment was required to help FLMs manage a pandemic, even in the face of uncertainty, unpredictability, ambiguity, and a lack of information about the virus and its cure. They must serve as role models. FLMs should be empowered to fulfill their leadership roles through the better use of community strengths and resources during pandemics or other crises by strengthening local leadership skills, community capabilities, and an overall sense of communal responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to highlight new insights on the social and political dimensions of emotions experienced within leisure through a specific focus on the everyday lives of people seeking asylum in the UK. In doing so, we draw on and expand inter-disciplinary perspectives that have underlined how the affective intensities and (in)capacities of bodies, and the conditions through which these emerge in everyday lives, are central in the workings of power. Leisure scholars have advanced important analyses on the politics of affects and emotions at the intersection of gendered, sexual and racialised axis of difference. Yet, the relevance of these perspectives has yet to be fully explored in articulating leisure, forced migration and the (necro)politics of asylum. Drawing on two ethnographic studies with people seeking asylum and their allies in Bristol and Leeds, UK, this paper contributes to address this gap by looking at two different leisure domains, music-making and football, as sites of intensity: not just discursive or symbolic, but lived, embodied and felt domains where the gradual wounding produced by the asylum regime is both made manifest and negotiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees' effect on domestic terrorism is conditioned by host-country social perception (attitude about living next-door to foreigners) and economic competition. These hypotheses are tested cross-nationally from 1995-2014 leveraging data from the World Values Survey. The results show social perception matters. When refugee flow to a country increases from the mean to 75th percentile, it does not statistically alter domestic terrorism risk. But when a host-country's preference to not live next-door to foreigners is accounted for and changes from the mean (20.9%) to 75th percentile (30.3%), the change in refugee flow increases the risk of domestic terrorism by 40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have called for more critical considerations of social justice and tourism that align with the tenets, values, and practices for sustainability, transformation, and social change. The aim of this research was to map and critically assess the status of refugee-related research in tourism, particularly with regards to the extent to which it adopts, or extends, a social justice-oriented agenda. A systematic literature review of existing studies was conducted. Content analysis assessed three aspects of 37 studies, namely, (1) the topics covered, (2) the extent to which the research aligns with social justice research practices, and (3) the extent to which the research furthers the social justice agenda for transformation. The review revealed a body of work that does not demonstrate social justice research practices; mostly because the refugee-related research topics of focus do not exhibit a social justice-oriented agenda. Our review illustrated that existing tourism research tends to frame refugees negatively and as a threat to destinations, and neglect critical considerations of epistemologies, reflexivity, and research processes. We conclude by highlighting alternative approaches that could contribute to a social justice-oriented agenda, using tourism as a bridge for creating change within structures, discourses, and practices in refugee-related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The footballing rivalry between East Bengal and Mohun Bagan in Kolkata, India, explicates important facets of the politics of nation-building and identity formation through sport. The sporting nationalism of the colonial era gave way to narrow parochialism in post-independent India where the cultural differences of Bangals (original Hindu residents of East Bengal in colonial India and Hindu migrants from East Bengal/East Pakistan in postcolonial India) and Ghotis (original residents of western parts of Bengal in colonial India and of West Bengal in postcolonial India) emerged as the key linchpin of expressing allegiance to their respective club football teams particularly in the aftermath of immigration of refugees which took place as a result of the partition of 1947 and the 1971 Bangladesh liberation war. However, the legislations pertaining to Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 and National Register of Citizens (NRC) have propelled fans of these clubs to forego their sub-cultural differences and act in unison to express their grievances against the new regulations of the Indian state. The anti-NRC protest by the fans hinges on the link between football and the debates pertaining to the idea of citizenship in contemporary Indian politics. The displaying of Tifos by the fans that exhibited significant social messages bears semblance with the Ultras of European football. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a student-led refugee initiative called the PSCOM Refugee Initiative (RI) that aims to address the lack of awareness about health disparities among medical trainees. The initiative began in 2016 and initially focused on providing tutoring services and food security to resettled Syrian refugee families in Harrisburg, PA. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the program faced new challenges and had to adapt its services. The article highlights the benefits of community relationships and interdisciplinary teamwork in understanding and addressing social determinants of health (SDH) and health disparities. The authors also discuss lessons learned from their experience and suggest integrating key lessons into medical curricula to benefit all students. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of constant evaluation and innovation in improving similar refugee initiatives and enhancing the competency of graduating medical students in applying SDH in their future medical practice. [Extracted from the article]

Long considered a cultural contact zone, the Mediterranean has become a weaponised border zone keeping refugees from Africa and the Middle East away from 'Fortress Europe'. The Mediterranean has become excessively dangerous to cross, leading many commentators to call this maritime space a 'massive graveyard'. The widespread indifference and enmity towards migrants in Europe is, amongst other things, countered by documentary and commemorative projects by artists drawing attention to the suffering of drowned refugees. In this paper, I zoom in on documentary and memorial artistic projects by Mimmo Paladino, Jason deCaires Taylor, Christoph Büchel, Ai Weiwei and Đỉnh Q. Lê. In the frequent absence of dead bodies and specific grave sites on the 'high seas', they make claims regarding the humanity, singularity and memorability of the human lives of refugees drowned at sea. Based on a description of the artworks and their public, I make two interlinked theoretical arguments. First, the commemorative materialisations by contemporary artists are temporal claims to constitute the cultural heritage of the future. Second, given the sea's aquatic materiality, the commemorative claims of these art projects require that commemorative materialisations must spatially move from the flux of the sea to the fixity of the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hmong are an ethnic group with a rich cultural and historical background. They are primarily found in Southeast Asia, particularly in the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Since the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, the Hmong have immigrated to the United States in large numbers as war refugees. The process of their integration into the new culture has engendered the formation of Hmong English writing. This body of literature mainly includes autobiographies, short stories, essays, and poems, most of which depict the Hmong experience of exile, and whose central preoccupation is the pursuit of a homeland. Focused exclusively on the literary works of Hmong Americans, this paper examines classic and experimental texts to amplify independent narratives. Drawing from diaspora literature scholarship by Stuart Hall and Homi K. Bhabha, it positions Hmong American literature as a representative form of diasporic writing. It seeks to unravel the complexities of their cultural transition, identity, and the role of literature in constructing narratives and opens up fresh dimensions in understanding its unique features and contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our policy brief, we would like to focus on two key aspects that have received little attention in the literature and in the real policy: the role of NGOs in the transition from crisis management to mainstream governance from an NGO perspective and the role of cultural barriers in proximate cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractRefugee men are found to be less deserving of government support than refugee women. However, is this still the case if they engage in economic reciprocal behavior and attitudes? Following theories on gender stereotypes and benevolent sexism, we argue that economic activity is expected less of female than of male refugees and that this translates into gendered perceptions of deservingness of financial support. Analyzing data from a 2016 factorial survey experiment in Germany, we show that male refugees are more likely to get “punished” if unwilling to work. Future studies should thus include gender-related aspects when assessing deservingness perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the Asylum Support Enablement (ASPEN) card – a prepayment card provided to UK asylum seekers – enacts their alterity in ways that problematise the techno-optimist narrative of digital technologies as promoters of financial inclusion. Drawing on analysis of 53 documents alongside 21 interviews with asylum seekers, refugees, advocacy organisations and technology providers, the article proceeds in four steps. First, we trace the migration of Prepaid Financial Services’ (PFS) prepayment technology from the humanitarian context of UNHCR’s Cash Assistance Programme in Greece to its adoption in UK state practices, considering what this means for the mobility of policy norms inscribed in digital technologies. Second, building on the concept of ‘alterity processing’, we examine how the UK Home Office discursively co-constructs asylum seekers as ‘deviant subjects’ and its bureaucratic entities as indispensable. Third, we analyse how this co-construction is used to justify asylum seekers’ exclusion from mainstream banking, rendering them dependent on the ASPEN card. Finally, we elucidate how the card’s surveillance, encoded rules, and induced precarity govern asylum seekers’ behaviours. We thus demonstrate how financial technologies – as deployed across humanitarian and statist welfare contexts – engender new lines of marginalisation and forms of social control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article discusses the use of multiple identities in narratives by refugees engaged in higher education paths at Kakuma camp (Kenya). Following the Positioning theory, we explored identity displays in narratives collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis deepens 5 narratives which had been considered exemplary to showcase the transformative valence of higher education. Different identity positioning was analyzed looking at before and after graduation as a crucial episode. Results showed three different narratives, and a range of diverse identity positions: the first narrative is about becoming a community leader, which responds to the very aim of the diploma course; the second narrative is about becoming successful, prevalently as professionals and as community members; and the third one concerns women perspective about an emancipatory and empowering educational path that challenges the status quo. This study contributes to the analysis of refugees’ identities from a critical perspective that challenges stereotyped notions by showing the use of narratives to mobilize and display multi-faceted selves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the advancement of fantasy policy solutions to irregular migration, drawing on the case study of the UK/French border. In 2018 people began to cross the English Channel in significant numbers to seek asylum. This led to much commentary and a raft of new legislation seeking to criminalise people crossing the Channel and end rights to seek asylum in the UK. In this article, we explore the interaction between two sets of fantasies that are advanced by politicians and mainstream political parties in the UK. That is: the liberal technocratic fantasy – that this phenomenon can be efficiently ‘fixed’ through interventions in policing and multilateral cooperation with neighbouring EU states; and the illiberal fantasy that extreme and performative punishments can solve it. These fantasies intersect and break at different points in time, and involve many of the same policy solutions which are represented in different terms. Importantly, both of these fantasies reproduce racialised and colonial logics and ultimately serve border imperialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims to evaluate the hospitalization diagnoses and nursing diagnoses of the refugee and local population hospitalized in internal medicine clinics, which are especially important in the early diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of chronic diseases, and to emphasize their importance in nursing care. Methods: The study was carried out in a descriptive retrospective design. The files of 3563 patients admitted to the internal medicine clinic of a training and research hospital in Türkiye in 2022 were evaluated. SPSS 26.0 program was used for data analysis. Results: In the study, 95.3% of hospitalizations were native and 4.7% were refugee patients. It was determined that refugee patients admitted to the internal medicine service had a lower mean age compared to the native population (p < 0.05), but there was no difference in the duration of hospitalization (p > 0.05). When the medical diagnoses of hospitalization were examined, it was determined that the highest number of hospitalizations in the native and refugee populations were for bacterial infections in both genders. In nursing diagnoses, it was determined that both populations and genders were diagnosed with infection risk by the medical diagnoses of the patients. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was observed that the duration of hospitalization, reasons for hospitalization, and nursing diagnoses of local and refugee patients were similar. In addition, it was determined that the patients' medical hospitalization diagnoses and nursing diagnoses were compatible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractLimited research exists regarding the impact of the Ukrainian War on mental distress among refugees or the presentation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a co-morbidity. This study analyzes the mental distress experienced by displaced Ukrainian refugees, including exposure to war-related trauma, PTSD, psychological distress based on socio-demographic factors, prevalence of concurrent mental illnesses, and associated risk factors. Ukrainian refugees in Israel were included in the study shortly after their arrival. Participants completed questionnaires on socio-demographic information, exposure to war-related events, presence of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and current life satisfaction. The 128 participants reported an average of 6.4 traumatic events (SD = 2.97). Among them, 69.5% (n = 89) met the criteria for probable PTSD, 36.7% (N = 47) for depression, and 53.1% (N = 68) for anxiety. The “comorbidity” cohort, consisting of refugees with PTSD and depression/anxiety or both, included 65 participants (53.3%), the “only PTSD” group was 24 participants (19.7%), and 33 (27%) had “no probability”. Women and those who had left family members behind were 2.9 and 3.2 times more likely to experience comorbidity, respectively. Refugees with comorbidity reported higher distress and functional impairments compared to the “only PTSD” group, and lower life satisfaction than those with “no probability”. This study highlights the significant traumatology experienced by Ukrainian refugees, with attention to the unique impact of comorbidity on functional and subjective well-being among refugees. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is necessary to appropriately diagnose and support refugees, considering the interconnected impact of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the slow violence of the state towards those seeking asylum, alongside resistance to it, through a critical discussion of the role of arts-based practice, care-full practice and the potential for a new politics of hope. It reflects on a series of creative online workshops led by two arts-based refugee organisations based in London, Stories & Supper and Phosphoros Theatre, during the COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK in 2020 and 2021. Exploring these workshops and their legacies against the backdrop of precarity, uncertainty and slow violence, the article considers some of the ways in which these workshops – and their focus on play, creativity and care – enabled practices of resistance, solidarity and radical hope to emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I engage with the predicament of witnessing as a condition for persecution and displacement. I argue that observing violence during war is a critical form of implication. In the context of the Colombian armed conflict, members of armed groups often threaten the lives of those who observe their acts of violence, producing a chain of terror that extends outward from the original moment of witnessing. This chain of violence collapses a supposed distinction between the witness‐as‐observer (testis) and the witness‐as‐survivor (superstes). In a global context of exclusionary asylum and immigration systems, this article provides an expansive understanding of why some people face persecution and are forced to flee their homes and cross international borders. Through an ethnography of refugees’ experiences witnessing and subsequently surviving persecution in Colombia, this article contributes to anthropological scholarship on displacement, refuge, asylum, and witnessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The 5.8 million Ukrainian refugees arriving in European countries must navigate varying healthcare systems and different and often unknown languages in their respective host countries. To date, there has been little exploration of the experiences, perceived differences, information and support needs of these refugees regarding the use of healthcare in Germany. Methods: We conducted ten qualitative interviews with Ukrainian refugees living in Germany from February to May 2023, using Ukrainian, English and German language. The transcribed interviews were analysed using the qualitative content analysis method according to Kuckartz and Rädiker with the MAXQDA software. Results: In general, participants consistently had a positive experience of the German healthcare system, particularly regarding the quality of treatments and insurance. Differences have been reported in the structure of the healthcare systems. The Ukrainian healthcare system is divided into private and state sectors, with no mandatory insurance and frequent out-of-pocket payments. Pathways differ and tend to focus more on clinics and private doctors. General practitioners, often working in less well-equipped offices, have only recently gained prominence due to healthcare system reforms. Initiating contact with doctors is often easier, with much shorter waiting times compared to Germany. Interviewees often found the prescription requirements for many medications in Germany to be unusual. However, the mentioned differences in healthcare result in unmet information needs among the refugees, especially related to communication, navigating the healthcare system, health insurance, waiting times and medication access. These needs were often addressed through personal internet research and informal (social media) networks because of lacking official information provided during or after their arrival. Conclusions: Despite the positive experiences of Ukrainian refugees in the German healthcare system, differences in the systems and language barriers led to barriers using healthcare and information needs among refugees. The dissemination of information regarding characteristics of the German health care system is crucial for successful integration but is currently lacking. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00030942, date of registration: 29.12.2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on critical content analyses of picturebooks about children who have sought refuge, we outline a scaffolded method for social studies teachers and teacher educators to historicize forced displacement in children’s literature. The method integrates critical literacy, culturally sustaining pedagogies, and inquiry-based social studies frameworks to work toward anti-racist decolonizing stances in education. Drawing from excerpts of representative picturebooks, we share generative questions and instructional resources that invite both teachers and students to investigate the historical and sociopolitical contexts of these narratives, and to deliberately construct counter-narratives, challenging underlying values and assumptions that reproduce persistent hierarchies of power. A generative method of historicizing forced displacement in children’s literature aims to nurture critical understanding of geopolitical interconnectedness of countries and cultures, and to develop a sense of shared responsibility for preventing and addressing forced displacement as a collective humanitarian injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between additional language (L2) literacy development and drama plays based on the experiences of adult refugees from Ukraine in Iceland. This inquiry is guided by the following questions: What are the learners' experiences and perceptions of drama classes in relation to their literacy development in Icelandic as an L2? What role might engaging in drama classes have when it comes to learners' sense of well‐being? We employ a multiliteracies perspective, which has pluralised the traditional view of literacy and offered new insight into literacy teaching and learning by integrating multimodal, multi‐sensorial, and critical practices into literacy education. The findings originate from a qualitative, interview‐based study with five Ukrainian learners of a refugee background in Iceland. Findings suggest that learning Icelandic through drama afforded the learners an opportunity to learn Icelandic in creative, engaging, and meaningful ways. Furthermore, learning Icelandic through drama supported the enactment and development of essential capacities for personal and professional growth, such as open‐mindedness, tolerance, respect, and collaboration. Many of the learners felt positively challenged to try out something new. This paper concludes with a discussion on the importance of critical, experiential L2 education that acknowledges learners' diverse lived experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PEN International's 1948 charter and its accession to NGO status made it one of the most globally recognisable institutions promoting and securing freedom of expression for writers and artists as a fundamental human right. PEN's transition from dinner club to NGO involved a post-war reckoning with how to respond to institutional abuses of power and how to secure rights for those who had lost the traditional protections of the state. George Orwell and Stefan Themerson, writing on the 1944 PEN conference, offer insight into the political challenges PEN faced after the Second World War regarding state power and the rights of refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, an increasing number of students have been seeking international education to accumulate cosmopolitan cultural and social capital and realise upward social mobility. In addition to this pragmatic dimension, international education also enables international students to acquire dedicated cosmopolitan dispositions, providing them opportunities to appreciate diverse cultures, values, and gain intercultural/translocal learning experiences. Guided by a theoretical discussion on pragmatic and dedicated cosmopolitanism, this study employed the case study method to explore how 19 international students who studied in Chinese universities navigated their transnational mobility, academic learning, and social lives, and how multiple discourses in their transnational spaces influenced their development of dedicated cosmopolitan dispositions. The findings revealed that international educational programme arrangements, social discourses regarding accruing capital and upward social mobility, and cultural and educational discourses in transnational spaces converged to influence students' development of dedicated cosmopolitan dispositions, affecting their emotions, practices, and choices. This study suggests that actors in international education provide students with more opportunities to connect with the host society and dialogical spaces. Not only international students, but all actors should engage in constant dialogue, and strive to acquire dedicated cosmopolitan dispositions, and promote a socially and culturally inclusive educational environment to support international students' learning and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the growing concerns regarding the education of the rapidly increasing refugee children population around the world and the scholarly attention towards refugee education contexts in educational leadership and policy fields in recent years, we were urged to locate and understand the research contribution to the relevant knowledge base. This study, therefore, aims to systematically review the existing educational leadership and policy literature in relation to K-12 education of refugee children to demonstrate the overall trends of the related studies in terms of context (year, country, school level, and journal outlets), type of study, methodology, and topical focus. We conducted a systematic review of literature by following the steps identified by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), including the processes regarding data sources, search, data collection, eligibility criteria, data selection, and data analysis. Overall, the results of our review suggest that educational policies addressing the refugee children and educational contexts shape the implementations of educational leaders and consequently the refugee students' opportunities in schools. The results and implications for future research are discussed in more detail based on the results of the review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co‐occurrence between species may be mediated by ecological differences or competitive interactions, but the nature of these interactions can vary across spatial scales. At coarse scales, species may appear to broadly co‐occur, but at fine scales, particularly for species with small home ranges, species may utilize different aspects of the microhabitat such that co‐occurrence is limited and competitive interactions are reduced or eliminated. We investigated the microhabitat use of two morphologically and ecologically similar woodland salamanders (the Red‐backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus, and the Northern Ravine Salamander, P. electromorphus) that are distributed throughout the Alleghany Plateau in eastern North America to determine whether they partition habitat at finer scales. We also tested if P. electromorphus is a specialist on habitat types that allow it to exclude P. cinereus, or if P. electromorphus uses lower quality habitat as a refuge to avoid P. cinereus. At a site of microsympatry, we repeatedly sampled plots during two seasons, each within a different area of the landscape, and used occupancy and abundance modeling to assess the extent of co‐occurrence and test whether the species use different microhabitat conditions. Plethodon cinereus greatly outnumbered P. electromorphus and occupied a greater proportion of plots, most plots where we detected P. electromorphus we also detected P. cinereus. In contrast to patterns documented in some montane species pairs, in which a high‐elevation habitat specialist excludes a low‐elevation generalist, we found that P. electromorphus primarily used microhabitat conditions favorable for both species, such as north‐facing slopes, yet did not have a negative effect on the abundances of P. cinereus. In the presence of an abundant competitor, microhabitat use of the less abundant species may narrow toward optimal conditions with sufficient resources to facilitate co‐occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the visual representation of the refugee child in digital news media in Cyprus at two historical moments of significant immigration rise in Europe as a result of violent conflict: the period of May 2015-2016 and February 2022-2023. The analysis showed that refugee children were portrayed in ways which led to their de/humanization. However, differences in the language, themes, and visual grammar applied gave way to the emergence of a hierarchy of refugee child subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on long-term pharmacotherapy for trauma-affected refugees is scarce. The purpose of this follow-up study of a randomised trial was to investigate the effects of sertraline compared to venlafaxine in combination with psychotherapy, 6 and 18 months after end of trial. The primary outcome was PTSD symptoms, measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). The secondary outcomes included: Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), somatisation items of the Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL), pain on a visual analogue scale, well-being on the WHO-5, Sheehan Disability Scale, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety scales and Global Assessment of Functioning. Moreover, the shorter version of the Recent Life Events (IRLE) was adopted to obtain information regarding the patients' treatment and life events between the follow-up periods. Out of 195 patients eligible for intention-to-treat analyses during trial, 116 participated in the 6-month follow-up and 97 participated in the 18-month follow-up. The results of our intention-to-treat analyses revealed no significant long-term differences between the groups on the primary outcome assessing PTSD symptoms (HTQ). For the secondary outcomes significant differences were found at the 18-month follow-up in favour of venlafaxine assessing symptoms of anxiety, depression and somatisation (HSCL-25 and SCL), although only in intention-to-treat and not per-protocol analyses. No conclusions could be drawn due to conflicting results between our intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes stressors experienced by Syrian mothers in Lebanon in 2020 and emphasizes the necessity of addressing their distinct needs. Through in-depth interviews, it identifies stressors linked to living conditions in Lebanon, the economic crisis, health care access, and the impact of the pandemic. The study recommends that social workers should utilize and enhance existing support systems. It also recommends social policies facilitating mobility for Syrians to reunite with their families and livelihood programs enabling families to prioritize their own financial stability. This comprehensive approach has the potential to alleviate the challenges faced by Syrian mothers in Lebanon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of mass atrocities, the legitimacy of institutions for international justice—such as the International Criminal Court and International Court of Justice—is based on the assumption that they vindicate demands for accountability by the survivors of horrific human rights violations. Yet, notwithstanding advances in victim representation at these Hague-based courts, victim-centered justice remains elusive. This article contributes to centering the voices of survivors in their specific cultural contexts, against the backdrop of existing efforts that too often render invisible their perspectives. Through semi-structured interviews, conducted in late 2022, with 444 Rohingya survivors of genocide who have fled Myanmar to refugee camps in neighboring Bangladesh, we attempt to convey the priorities of these survivors situated within their cultural understanding of justice. We contextualize the empirical data gathered from the survey within Rohingyas' lived experiences of persecution in Myanmar, their cultural framings of communal justice, and their current reality of prolonged displacement in refugee camps in Bangladesh. The article concludes by describing the implications of this survey's findings on future engagement of the Rohingya in international justice processes, and a wider reflection on how grassroots perspectives can and should shape the global justice discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young refugee populations continue to grow. This scoping review aims to identify and summarize studies of programs that provide linguistically responsive practices for children who are refugees. Secondary aims of this review are: (a) to identify the gaps in the literature, and (b) to suggest future research and policy directions. By studying key features of linguistically responsive practices for children who are refugees, we can better understand the important components of a high-quality inclusive and equitable environment for all children, including those with minority language backgrounds. We conducted an electronic database search and identified 14 studies. Studies varied in location, country of origin, and language support. The findings from this review revealed a critical need to develop, implement, and study linguistically responsive programs for children who are refugees in host countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of communicable diseases with epidemic potential in complex emergency (CE) situations, focusing on the epidemiological profile of incidence and mortality and exploring underlying factors contributing to increased epidemic risks. Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses for Scoping Review (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of articles published between 1990 and 2022. The search included terms related to complex emergencies, communicable diseases, outbreaks, and epidemics. We identified 92 epidemics related to CE occurring in 32 different countries. Results: Communicable diseases like Shigellosis, Cholera, Measles, Meningococcal meningitis, Yellow Fever, and Malaria caused significant morbidity and mortality. Diarrhoeal diseases, particularly Cholera and Shigellosis, had the highest incidence rates. Shigella specifically had an incidence of 241.0 per 1000 (people at risk), with a mortality rate of 11.7 per 1000, while Cholera's incidence was 13.0 per 1000, with a mortality rate of 0.22 per 1000. Measles followed, with an incidence of 25.0 per 1000 and a mortality rate of 0.76 per 1000. Meningococcal Meningitis had an incidence rate of 1.3 per 1000 and a mortality rate of 0.13 per 1000. Despite their lower incidences, yellow fever at 0.8 per 1000 and malaria at 0.4 per 1000, their high case fatality rates of 20.1% and 0.4% remained concerning in CE. The qualitative synthesis reveals that factors such as water, sanitation, and hygiene, shelter and settlements, food and nutrition, and public health and healthcare in complex emergencies affect the risk of epidemics. Conclusion: Epidemics during complex emergencies could potentially lead to a public health crisis. Between 1990 and 2022, there have been no statistically significant changes in the trend of incidence, mortality, or fatality rates of epidemic diseases in CE. It is crucial to understand that all epidemics identified in CE are fundamentally preventable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vocational decisions made at school have significant long term impacts on young people's life chances, their opportunities for securing decent jobs and economic growth for themselves, their families and communities. In the short term, their aspirations dictate the decisions they make about educational pathways in post-compulsory years of schooling and vocational and higher education. For young people from already marginalised backgrounds, the quality of support they have in making these decisions is crucially important. This paper examines a rapidly expanding vocational education program specifically designed for students with refugee backgrounds that was codeveloped between a state education authority and a community service provider in Sydney, Australia. Through an ecological understanding of individuals as nested within interrelated networks, this paper explores the perspectives of stakeholders ranging from the educators, careers teachers, employers, civic partners, and, crucially, the young people themselves in order to determine whether and through what means key program elements meet the needs of students from a refugee background and where gaps in the program ecology need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitude of nursing students in providing health care to refugees due to cultural differences and to reveal individual factors (age, gender, marital status) affecting negative attitudes. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted to determine the intercultural competence of nursing students and their attitudes toward immigrants in Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 316 nursing students. Results: The Negative Attitude Toward Immigrants Scale scores of the participants were high, however, the intercultural competence level of the health professionals was positive. A weak negative statistically significant relationship was found the Negative Attitude Toward Immigrants Scale and the Cross-Cultural Competence of Healthcare Professionals Scale (r = −.247, p =.000). Conclusion: Our study revealed that nursing students have negative attitudes toward immigrants, and factors such as gender and caring for patients from a different ethnic origin, discomfort in providing care impacted their attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the few actors whose mission is to provide support and advocacy for refugee communities with limited access to information and services are humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This study examines the narratives produced by the leading humanitarian NGOs on one of the most popular social media platforms today—namely, Twitter. The study investigates which narratives are most popular among global NGOs and whether the way they frame the refugee issue is related to Twitter engagement. The findings contribute to scholarship on online communication and user engagement, and also inform humanitarian NGO practices and policy discussions regarding media and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]