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Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's wooden-door industry has undergone great changes, which has a profound impact on the world's forest-products industry. The annual increase of forest coverage (hectares) in China has provided sufficient material guarantee for the development of the forest-products industry, and the wooden-door industry has grown rapidly by this opportunity. The types of wooden doors in China are becoming more and more abundant, and enterprises are paying more and more attention to the research and application of advanced manufacturing technology for wooden doors to meet the needs of consumers. From small-scale workshop production to today's integrated and branded production, China has become the world's largest wooden-door production base and sales market. However, at the same time, there are also a series of problems in China's wooden-door industry, its comprehensive quality system construction, value network construction, related product multi-business model construction, wooden-door intelligent manufacturing-system construction all need to be further improved, to enhance the competitiveness of China's wooden-door industry. The reform and development model of China's wooden-door industry can provide valuable reference for the international forest-products industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1978, China's rapid urbanization and industrialization have significantly increased carbon emissions. This study employs spatial autocorrelation, kernel density estimation, and spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression (GTWR) methods to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of carbon emissions across 336 Chinese cities from 1978 to 2020. It also explores the dominant influencing factors for different cities at various stages of development. The findings reveal that carbon emissions in Chinese cities exhibit a stepwise growth pattern: “slow growth (1978–1995) - low-level stability (1996–2000) - rapid growth (2001–2012) - high-level stability (2013–2020).'' The gap between cities has widened rapidly, and spatially, the distribution follows a “core-periphery” pattern. The increase in carbon emissions in core cities has transformed the urban hierarchy from a “generally low-carbon” structure to a “pyramid” structure. Compared to 1995, the influence of population size on carbon emissions decreased in 2020 (0.54–0.38), while the impact of infrastructure development and technological advances increased (0.02–0.25, 0.09 to 0.19). Due to the varying stages of urban development across regions, the influencing factors of carbon emissions exhibit spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, population size has a stronger positive impact on carbon emissions in the Southeast, technological advances in East and North China, and industrial structure in the Yangtze River Basin region. Infrastructure construction and investment levels show a dampening effect on carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Basin. Finally, the study proposes policy recommendations focusing on implementing regional “gradient” carbon reduction and promoting regional collaborative carbon reduction driven by core cities.

Since the reform and opening up, a number of post-neighboring new cities have been built in various regions of China for economic development of coast regions. In order to reflect the overall characteristics of the spatial development of port-neighboring new cities nationwide, 17 typical port-neighboring new cities with a spatial structure of "post-industry-city" were selected as the research object, and the spatial expansion characteristics, the spatial structure characteristics, the main problems, the influencing factors of spatial development were analyzed. The results are shown as follows. 1 The spatial expansion of post-neighboring new cities showed a development pattern of agglomeration-dispersion-agglomeration with time variation. The post-neighboring new cities built in 1980s and 1990s were dominated by marginal expansion and their space was relatively compact. While, those built in the 21st century were mainly based on enclave-style expansion, with rapid spatial expansion but relatively scattered development. 2 The post-neighboring new cities built in 1980s gradually formed a stable spatial structure of "port-industry-city" (20% = 45% = 35%)and the spatial connection with the central urban area was continuously strengthened. For the post-neighboring new cities built in 1990s,the proportion of industrial land increased, and the post-neighboring new cities had a diminished tendency to grow closer to central cities. The post-neighboring new cities built in the 21st century had a relatively high proportion (over 65%) of industrial land and a relatively low proportion of urban land, the spatial correlation between the port-neighboring new city and the central city is very low. 3 The differences in spatial expansion and spatial structure of the post-neighboring new cities were affected by the development of posts, spatial distance with the central urban area, post construction time, population increment, etc. Finally, the suggestions are put forward to the development of the post-neighboring new cities built in different ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desert areas of China have important ecological functions, so analyzing changing characteristics of ecosystem service values in this region is important for sustainable development. Using land use change data for desert areas from 1978 to 2022, this paper combined the equivalent factor method and the actual situation of the study area to revise value coefficients of ecosystem services and study characteristics of land use and ecosystem service value changes after reform and opening up. The results showed that after reform and opening up, the area of plow, water, and other lands in the study area decreased, while grassland, forest, construction land, and sandy land increased. The conversion of a land use type mainly occurred as conversion of grassland and other lands to other land use types. The value of ecosystem services increased, increasing by 19.63 × 108 CNY. From the perspective of land use type in 2022, the ecosystem service value of grassland was the highest, reaching 12.19 × 108 CNY, an increase of 11.73 × 108 CNY compared with the early stage of reform and opening up. From the perspective of ecosystem service types in 2022, the value of maintaining soil ecological services was the highest, reaching 3.07 × 108 CNY, an increase of 2.97 × 108 CNY compared with the beginning of reform and opening up. From the perspective of the ecological sensitivity index, the sensitivity index results for the ecosystem service value in the study area were all

While most scholarship on Chinese television focuses on the medium's development after the reform of the industry in the mid-1990s, the 1980s were a period in which different visions for Chinese television were hotly contested. This paper argues for the importance of this moment by examining the theorization of television in Contemporary Television, a publication launched in 1987 as China's first journal of television aesthetics, and the attempt to achieve a breakthrough in television storytelling in the program Triumphant Return at Midnight (1986). Contributors to Contemporary Television proposed that the essence of the medium was a liveness that linked it to modernity and a small screen that placed it within the private individual home. They advocated for combining television's inherent popular appeal with ambitious individual artistic visions. This synthesis seemed to be achieved in Triumphant Return, which was both popular with viewers and praised by critics for its 'epic' feel, but the production process for Triumphant Return proved both too inefficient for the Chinese television industry. Examining Chinese television and television aesthetics before the introduction of large-scale private funding reveals a surprising convergence in the evolution of socialist and capitalist television industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After four decades of reform and opening up, the market economy cannot only develop healthily under the socialist system, but also it is more active in capitalist society. This paper compares the development of Chinese enterprises' innovation ability with neighboring countries, selects small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises as a research sample of market economy, and summarizes the ecological road of enterprise innovation between China and neighboring countries, from imitation to innovation. Nowadays, many Chinese products have already competed in the global market in terms of cost, quality, and innovation. China's product innovation performance has been recognized worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to study the unique step of China's innovation, based on China's national conditions, and adhere to the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. Some industrial parks have even surpassed Japan and South Korea. This paper collects field survey data from small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs) in Suzhou, China. The study shows that the innovation ecosystem with Chinese characteristics can be roughly divided into three steps, which are slightly different from Japan and South Korea. How to improve the skills and competitiveness of China's SMMEs in three unique steps will help the improvement of the SMMES innovative ecosystem and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.

This article outlines the history of logic in China from 1949 to 2019. Firstly, it presents a rough picture of Chinese logic before 1949 using broad brushstrokes. Secondly, it divides the whole process of development into two stages. In the first 30 years from 1949 to 1979, Chinese logic made some achievements, but also went along some detours, and its overall situation was unsatisfactory. In the latter 40 years from 1979 to 2019, due to Deng Xiaoping’s reform and opening up, many Chinese logicians went abroad for academic visits or to study degrees in foreign universities or research institutes, gradually became familiar with and even integrated into the international mainstream of logic teaching and research, and ushered in the great flourishing of logic in China we see today. Finally, it draws four lessons from this process of development, as follows. 1) Let politics and academia live in peace, by respecting and adhering to the idea of academic freedom. 2) Academic advances cannot be achieved in isolation from the world, so we should fully embrace the international academic community, while insisting on our own independent thinking. 3) We should always adhere to the policy of “letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend”, so that different academic viewpoints and tendencies can be improved and developed in their mutual collision. 4) We should cultivate academic self-confidence, gradually make the change from pure follow-up learning to original work in some fields of logic.

Purpose The purpose of the study is to analyze China's school sports policy by dividing it into the era of four leaders before the current regime. Methods Former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up is a big axis that distinguishes China's time, more than 70 years after its founding. Therefore, we discussed the history of Chinese school sports policy by considering the background of the times, the ideology of the former Chinese leaders, and the keynote of the sports policy that influenced the school sports policy. Results The Chinese school sports policy history before and after China's reform and opening up is summarized as having a continuity to “sports as an education for all” and a distinction symbolized by “legislation and scientificization.” Conclusion Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up has been carried on by the regimes since then, and his guiding ideology and sports policy keynote have had a profound impact on Chinese school sports policy.

The author investigates the impact of COVID‑19 and macro-policy adjustment on China’s economic development. The aim is to describe the situation and trend of China’s economic development before and after COVID‑19. The research method is the comparative data analysis. The study shows that in response to COVID‑19, the Chinese government, on the one hand, has accelerated its opening-up, taken the opportunity of fighting against the pandemic to provide medical assistance to and cooperate with other countries, and actively promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and the process of globalization. On the basis of the Belt and Road Initiative and multilateral, regional, and subregional cooperation mechanisms such as the United Nations, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), G20 (Group of 20), and APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), China and the Eurasian Economic Union began to cooperate more frequently and the trade relations between Japan, South Korea, and European developed countries became closer. Meanwhile, committed to building a global interconnection partnership, China actively participates in global economic governance and provides various public products. The Chinese government has proposed “Six Guarantees” on the basis of “Six Stability”. In order to achieve the purpose of stabilizing foreign trade and expanding imports, China has imposed various measures to accelerate the liberalization and facilitation of international trade and investment, such as implementing the new version of the “Foreign Investment Law”, establishing free trade zones, and promoting its experience and organizing international import expositions. Additionally, the Chinese government also implemented targeted fiscal and monetary policies, increased support for enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and promoted the construction of “new infrastructure” and innovation of business model, which have formed the driving forces for the transformation of the economic development model in China from traditional business to cloud business, from traditional marketing to live streaming marketing, from traditional sales to online sales. The author concluded thatChina’s adjustment of macro policies in response to COVID‑19 was effective and played an important role in the resumption of production and life, stabilizing foreign trade activities, releasing domestic demand and promoting stable and sustained growth of the economy

Purpose – The paper aims to explore the impact of marketization on forestry economic growth. Firstly, the development process of forestry marketization was summarized. Secondly, from the three dimensions of forestry production factor marketization, production marketization and product marketization, the framework of marketization is constructed by the authors. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the yearbook data from 1978 to 2016, the relationship between forestry marketization and forestry growth was demonstrated through multiple regression and Granger test in this paper. Findings – The results showed that forestry marketization was one of the important driving factors that impacted on China's forestry economic growth. Since the reform and opening up, China's forestry marketization degree has been constantly strengthened, but there is still room for improvement. China has provided an important model as forestry marketization reform and development sample for the world. Social implications – Many useful references and inspirations have been provided from China such as gradually promoting market-oriented reforms; paying attention to the important role of reform and opening up in the construction of market mechanism; dynamic coordination of market and government relations; developing and connecting the relationship between domestic and international market; and coordinating the development of forestry state-owned economy, private economy and mixed ownership economy. Originality/value – This paper creates a measure index of forestry marketization from three dimensions of forestry production factor marketization, production marketization and product marketization.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the experience of the development of rural vocational education since the reform and opening up, analyze and summarize the rapid development of rural vocational education in China in the context of rural human resources development. Methodology / approach. The methods adopted in this research are mainly literature research and thematic research. Through thematic research on vocational education-related fields since the reform and opening up, and analysis, research, and induction of policies, data, phenomena, and conclusions in various vocational education literatures, it forms an objective summary of the development of rural vocational education in China since the reform and opening up. Results. Reform and opening up is the most critical period for the rapid development of various industries in China, including vocational education. This paper studies the overall situation of the development of vocational education in China since the reform and opening up, the relationship between the development of rural vocational education and policy support at the national level is concluded, it demonstrates that rural vocational education is an important cornerstone of national construction and development, and the focus and characteristic of rural vocational education is to condense the Chinese experience of school-running characteristics, it also summarizes the main problems of rural vocational education in China. Originality / scientific novelty. A multi-dimensional analysis of the development of China’s rural vocational education in the 42 years of reform and opening up has been made, and conclusions have been drawn for the development of rural vocational education with Chinese characteristics. Practical value / implications. This paper analyzes the key factors for the success of rural vocational education in China through the study of China’s practice in the field of rural vocational education since the reform and opening up, it has certain reference significance for the future policy formulation and development of rural vocational education, promotes the development of rural human resources and increases the rate of urbanization.

Since 1978, China's rapid urbanization and industrialization have significantly increased carbon emissions. This study employs spatial autocorrelation, kernel density estimation, and spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression (GTWR) methods to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of carbon emissions across 336 Chinese cities from 1978 to 2020. It also explores the dominant influencing factors for different cities at various stages of development. The findings reveal that carbon emissions in Chinese cities exhibit a stepwise growth pattern: "slow growth (1978-1995) - low-level stability (1996-2000) - rapid growth (2001-2012) - high-level stability (2013-2020)." The gap between cities has widened rapidly, and spatially, the distribution follows a "core-periphery" pattern. The increase in carbon emissions in core cities has transformed the urban hierarchy from a "generally low-carbon" structure to a "pyramid" structure. Compared to 1995, the influence of population size on carbon emissions decreased in 2020 (0.54-0.38), while the impact of infrastructure development and technological advances increased (0.02-0.25, 0.09 to 0.19). Due to the varying stages of urban development across regions, the influencing factors of carbon emissions exhibit spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, population size has a stronger positive impact on carbon emissions in the Southeast, technological advances in East and North China, and industrial structure in the Yangtze River Basin region. Infrastructure construction and investment levels show a dampening effect on carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Basin. Finally, the study proposes policy recommendations focusing on implementing regional "gradient" carbon reduction and promoting regional collaborative carbon reduction driven by core cities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Since the reform and opening up of China, the economy has continued to grow, and diverse needs have generated different types and periods of economic activities. This has caused people to have an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, irregular work and rest, lack of sleep, mental stress, high psychological pressure, long-term bad moods, and other health problems. The proportion of the sub-healthy population continues to increase and health problems are becoming increasingly prominent. Based on this, we examine the internal mechanism of the economic cycle on national health since the reform and opening up of China. For a long time, China has actively responded to the UN's call for environmental protection and proposed that “clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.” Therefore, this study combines air quality in the process of environmental governance in China to investigate national health. Data from 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, and four municipalities from 2004 to 2017 are selected as research samples to examine the relationship between economic cycles, air quality, and national health for empirical testing. Studies have shown that the economic cycle is significantly correlated with national health. The better the macroeconomy, the better the health of the human body; that is, the lower the unemployment rate, the lower the mortality rate. After introducing air quality, it was found to have a significant regulating effect on the relationship between the economic cycle and national health. Our conclusions reveal that economic development is closely related to national health. China should attach great significance to the environment and air quality in the process of economic development to achieve sustainable development and create a green economy.

As societal interaction and combination play a vital role in shaping spatio-temporal development paths, meta-theories of uneven development should give way to a relational meta-theory of uneven and combined development (U&CD). U&CD examines at multiple levels of abstraction not just internal causal mechanisms governing the trajectories of individual societies but also causal mechanisms deriving from societal interaction in a world of multiple unevenly developed societies and multiple development pathways. As a consequence it helps explain geographical differentiation and the multiplicity, hybridity and multilinearity of processes of development. As U&CD examines the roles of ideal and efficient causes and causal laws, it also entails revitalized social science and political economy approaches in geography and urban and regional development studies. To demonstrate the indispensability of analyses of the role of societal interaction and the explanatory significance of the theory of U&CD, a series of longue-durée vignettes explore their role in explanations of the spatio-temporality of the decline and subsequent return of China in a changing and interdependent world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the law of economic development, the proportion of domestic circulation in a country's economy increases with the growth of economic size and the enlargement of service industry, both caused by the rise of income. In the new development paradigm, the Chinese government puts forward the idea of "taking the domestic circulation as the mainstay", which reflects this basic economic law. However, the policy of "making full use of the domestic and international markets and resources" is still equally important. Therefore, the new development pattern includes the idea of "the domestic circulation and international circulation reinforcing each other". To implement the new development paradigm, the most important things are to tap the growth potential through structural reform, deepen reform to improve the efficiency of domestic circulation and deepen the opening up to make better use of international resources so as to promote development and raise income level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two centuries, U.S.-China relations have undergone a historical evolution from friendship to hostility and then from hostility to cooperation, and are now at a crossroads from cooperation to confrontation. History has shown that U.S.-China relations are extremely important to China, affecting not only China's overall national security environment, but even largely determining the success or failure of China's modernization and directly relating to the well-being of ordinary Chinese people. Compared with other bilateral relations, U.S.-China relations are full of strong emotions and deeply influenced by ideology, and have great peculiarities. China should learn from the experience and lessons of history and open up a new future for U.S.-China relations by promoting a new round of greater Reform and Opening up, repositioning China's position in the world, and reducing the propaganda of the "China model" and "Chinese Road" to prevent the two countries from entering a "new Cold War." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through reform and opening up, China has moved from the edge of the world arena to the center and this great historical change in its development has created new requirements for the innovation of Chinese discourse. The remarkable achievements of reform and opening up have not only maintained the vitality of Chinese discourse, but also built the inherent foundation for holding confidence in discourse. The key reason why the policy of reform and opening up has facilitated the historic construction of Chinese discourse is that it is a scientific answer to the questions of our times about how to build socialism in a country relatively backward in the level of economy and education. In a new era for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the innovations and development of Chinese discourse have shown new features rarely seen before, among which the most significant is that constructing Chinese discourse is no longer a matter of individual cases but more of a common phenomenon. In the historic journey towards an all-round in-depth reform, broader theoretical space has been created for Chinese discourse. In addition, it is an important signpost in the path of promoting innovative development of Chinese discourse in a new era, namely, how to “tell China’s stories well”, and establish an appropriate mode for conveying Chinese discourse to the world

Over the past forty years of reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has led people of all ethnic groups in the country to carry out the practice of building a moderately prosperous society. Combining Marxism with the contemporary reality of China, the CPC has adapted Marxism to the Chinese context and enriched the theory of building a moderately prosperous society since its initiation. In practice, China already achieved the goal of ensuring the people a moderately prosperous life and is now striving to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, making tremendous progress in economic and social development. To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieve the intended goal, China should accelerate the advancement of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy, continue to improve the people’s livelihood, and maintain sustained and sound economic and social development.

This article uses data from censuses since 1982 to reveal changes in the family structure of rural China since the launch of reform and opening up and against the backdrop of institutional relocation, social transformation and an aging population. Since the advent of reform and opening up, rural family structure and its changes can be divided into two phases. Before the 1990s, the household contract responsibility system was implemented, labor in rural villages was still mainly engaged in farming, and the number of nuclear families remained stable with a steady rise. After the 1990s, as reform progress deepened, substantial numbers of young and middle-aged laborers in rural villages began to relocate into non-farming sectors and aging in rural villages rose. As those born in the early days of the family planning policy gradually matured, family structure was directly affected and changed in new ways and forms not seen before. Vocational divisions of labor among the parents of young families and married offspring emerged and the significance of cooperation for family economy and daily life between parents and offspring rose in importance. Also, the prevalence of immediate families with three generations climbed while the standard nuclear families declined, the ratio of middle-aged couples with young children that worked outside the home increased, the function of middle-aged and senior parents in the upbringing of infants and children enhanced, and the commonness of incomplete family types such as only grandparents with grandchildren increased. During this phase, the number of seniors living alone surged to the point of becoming a matter worthy of attention

This paper reviews the history and achievements of professional interpreting and translation education in the Chinese mainland since 1979, discusses the internal and external challenges it faces in the new era and puts forward some measures to accelerate and upgrade its development so as to offer some insights for the future development of translation education in China and beyond. It is hoped that this paper will enable interpreting and translation teachers and scholars around the world to better understand the achievements and status quo of professional interpreting and translation education in the Chinese mainland and will enhance understanding, communication and exchanges of the interpreting and translation education circle internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experience of China's economic development after the implementation of reform and opening-up program in December 1978 has led to stunning economic growth in the history of China's development. Among the emphasis on the economic reform are the openness of industry and the growth of exports by allowing market forces, yet still under strict control by the state. Since then, the term China Model has emerged in explaining its economic development process. The rise of China as the world's new economic hegemonic power can be seen through Outward Direct Investments (ODI) strategy as a platform that integrates China into the international economy. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the key elements of the China Model that drives its economic development; and to discuss the importance of ODI in the China Model based on previous studies. This study was conducted by applying qualitative methods. The results of this study found that the China Model is an important strategy in the development of China's economy, while ODI is not only one of the dominant factors in the development of China Model but also an important instrument in China's soft power strategy. Based on the findings, we conclude that this study highlights the importance of the China Model that brings a miracle to China's economic development and contributes to the corpus of knowledge on the importance of China's experience in development that can serve as a guide for other developing countries to plan their development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's reform and opening up policy initiated by the then leader Deng Xiaoping have undergone a 40-year process since 1978. This period was marked by one of the greatest economic reforms in modern history. In this study, we extract literature focused on the Chinese marketization context and marketing practices published in top-tier international marketing journals and Chinese management journals between 1978 and 2018. This study identifies the research questions and research domains investigated in our selected literature. The authors hope to reveal the general landscape and evolution made in the context of this unique period in Chinese history. This thematically focused literature review provides marketing scholars with a snapshot of the academic marketing research in China and gives rise to novel research directions related to the deepening of the economic reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 52 journal articles on food safety management were collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. A systematic review was conducted on the past forty years of various aspects of food safety management, such as annual publication trends and the distribution of periodicals across disciplines. The results show that since the reform and opening up (1978), food safety management has received increasing attention over time. Academic understanding of food safety management has increased, various disciplines are becoming more integrated, the number of people and institutions providing authoritative research has increased, support from various national and private funds has increased, and food safety management in China has become an influential academic field. In the future, the most urgent task for China's food safety management is to restore the public's trust in food safety, and the main solution is the shaping and publicizing of food safety ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finance plays an important role in the economic development of the new era. In the historical process of further deepening reform and opening up, the financial industry should upgrade the level of supervision and strengthen the ability of risk prevention so as to realize the strategic goal of serving the real economy. Based on background, it's necessary to analyze the limited openness and protectionist behavior of the financial industry in developed countries, and then review the important achievements of Chinese financial industry in opening up and reform. In the new historical period, China should attach great importance to the work of financial security from the basic national conditions, improve the level of supervision and risk prevention, strengthen abilities of technological innovation, especially gradually expand the two-way reciprocal opening in the financial field, and introduce social capital into the real economy through deepening reform and effective use of financial means, so that finance can return to serving the real economy. The aim is to promote the healthy development of the national economy in the new era, and constantly improve Chinese comprehensive competitiveness in the world economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Christian higher education (CHE) had been totally disappeared from the China mainland since the 1950s, and related studies only revived in the past 40 years since Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up policy in 1978. The present paper is an attempt to report what had happened in the past 40 years, and to illustrate some significant contributions the resurgence of the study of CHE had made to the academia in the development of higher education in China. New forms of representation of CHE are found and new approaches to the study of CHE are also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the past 70 years, China's foreign trade has experienced five historical stages: "trade of planned economy", trade after the pilot reform", "trade after the comprehensive reform and opening up", the deep participation in the global trading system", and "the amelioration in the quality of trade". China's foreign trade has developed with significant momentum and made substantial contributions to China's domestic economy and global economy. In recent years, with the profound changes in the world economy and the domestic economy of China, new problems of China's foreign trade have gradually emerged, and the traditional pattern of foreign trade encountered hurdles. Foreign trade is an indispensable part of China's integral economy. Thus it is necessary to assess China's domestic economy and global economy from the perspective of foreign trade and propose new strategies for China's foreign trade in "New Era". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Journal of Shenzhen University (Humanities & Social Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences in China is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Journal of Shenzhen University (Humanities & Social Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since China's reform and opening up in 1978, the study of Chinese philosophy has proceeded together with the times, not only making tremendous academic progress, but also serving as an important part of research on Chinese culture that undertakes the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and Chinese culture. This essay gives a brief review of the study of Chinese philosophy over the last forty years with particular attention to five aspects, namely the new horizons in the study of Chinese philosophy, the characteristics of Chinese philosophy, the comparison between Chinese and Western philosophy that also involves the "legitimacy" of the former, the relevance of Chinese philosophy for contemporary times, and the basic methodologies of Chinese philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Journal of Shenzhen University (Humanities & Social Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)