Search

Objective: The objective of this study was to construct econometric models to identify and analyze the variables that define and explain the deforestation cycle in the Amazon. Theoretical framework: The forest is one of the main sources of carbon sequestration and storage on Earth. Thus, deforestation and forest burning contribute to increasing the impact of the greenhouse effect on climate change, due to CO2 emissions. The protection of the Amazon forest is prioritized for its contribution to mitigating the effects of climate change. Results and conclusion: The annual increase in deforested forest area in the Amazon follows a polynomial behavior explained by the exchange relationships between the prices of deforested and occupied areas with crops and pastures and the prices of lands with native forest. It is this exchange relationship that deserves the attention of policymakers for forest preservation through deforestation control. Research implications: This exchange relationship can cause a turnaround in the deforestation cycle based on the knowledge of the value of standing forests, a fact that would reverse the exchange relationship and require the adoption of sustainable practices in agricultural, livestock, mineral, and forestry production systems. Originality/value: This research shows that there is an increase in deforested area in the Amazon forest, with only the rate of this deforestation varying, which can be increasing or decreasing. Objetivo: Construir modelos econométricos para identificar e analisar as variáveis que definem e explicam o ciclo do desmatamento na Amazônia. Referencial teórico: A floresta é uma das principais fontes de sequestro e armazenamento de carbono da Terra. Logo o desmatamento e queima de florestas contribuem para aumentar o impacto do efeito estufa nas mudanças climáticas, em função das emissões de CO2. Resultados e conclusão: O incremento anual da área de floresta desmatada na Amazônia segue um comportamento polinomial explicado pelas relações de troca entre os preços das áreas desmatadas e ocupadas com lavouras e com pastagens e os preços das terras com floresta nativa. É essa relação de troca que merece a atenção dos formuladores de política para a preservação da floresta via controle do desmatamento. Implicações da pesquisa: Essa relação de troca pode causar uma reviravolta no ciclo do desmatamento a partir do conhecimento do valor da floresta em pé, fato que reverteria a relação de troca e exigiria a adoção de boas práticas sustentáveis nos sistemas de produção agrícola, pecuário, mineral e florestal. Originalidade/valor: A causa de maior impacto sobre o desmatamento é o desconhecimento do valor dos ativos naturais e do fluxo de serviços que ofertam à economia e aos seres humanos. Sem este conhecimento, o custo de oportunidade do estoque de terras com florestas na Amazônia, que supera o preço sombra das terras com lavouras, pastagens e manejo florestal, fixado por agentes econômicos em nível próximo a zero, equivalente a um fator de produção público em abundância. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo, comparar a eficiência de armadilhas etanólicas para a coleta das especies das familias de Coleóptera, presentes na área do reflorestamento de Eucalyptus citriodora, situada próxima do Colégio Agrícola Nilo Peçanha, no município de Pinheiral, RJ. Nos levantamentos efetuados foram utilizadas armadilhas iscadas com etanol, modelos Carvalho-47 e Protótipo. As armadilhas foram distribuídas a 1,30 m do nível do solo, 60 metros eqüidistantes entre si, no reflorestamento de Eucaliptos com aproximadamente 16 anos de idade. As coletas foram realizadas semanalmente, no período matutino, entre maio a outubro de 1997. A identificação do material coletado, ateve-se exclusivamente aos insetos da Ordem Coleóptera ao nível de família, por comparação direta, com base na coleção da área de Entomologia do Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Até outubro, em 11 coletas, foi capturado um total geral de 264 insetos, assim distribuídos: na armadilha Carvalho-47 foram capturados 59,10% do total de insetos; no protótipo, em fase de teste, 40,90%. Os resultados indicam que, a armadilha Carvalho-47 apresentou uma maior eficiência na captura de coleópteros da família Scolytidae, no reflorestamento de Eucalyptus citriodora.

Resumo Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar diversas espécies arbóreas fixadoras e não fixadoras de N2, quanto à sobrevivência e crescimento em pastagem, para formar um sistema silvipastoril na região da Mata Atlântica. Dois experimentos foram instalados em uma área de pastagem, um com cinco espécies fixadoras de N2 (Acacia holosericea, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Enterolobium contortisiliquum e Pseudosamanea guachapelle) e outro com cinco não fixadoras (Schinus terebinthifolius, Eucalyptus grandis, Tabebuia chrysotricha, Khaya senegalensis e Senna siamea). Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Acacia holosericea e Eucalyptus grandis foram as espécies mais recomendadas para arborização de pastagem quanto a rapidez de estabelecimento.

A falência da Igreja durante a Idade Média fomentou um divórcio insuperável entre ciência e religião, fazendo com que a primeira delas negasse e se afastasse de quaisquer pensamentos que tocassem ou beirassem a primeira, seja ela como fosse. A Europa, que outrora impunha seu catolicismo sobre os povos colonizados, começou a impor suas noções epistemológicas sobre eles, rivalizando saberes e tanto hierarquizando-os quanto dicotomizando-os, determinando a si mesma como referência de um padrão. Foi assim que a ciência se estabeleceu ao longo da história como uma instituição de epistemologia única: branca e europeia, desde a classificação histórica que gira em torno da Europa até o racismo epistêmico que desqualifica, anula e extermina tudo aquilo que não se vê no espelho. Este ensaio investiga a lógica de monocultura colonizadora que avançou das terras às mentes, cuja produção de conhecimento tem a razão como plantio e a devastação de espiritualidades como prática que a possibilita funcionar. Diante desse funcionamento colonizador, os povos indígenas e as conexões cósmicas ficam à margem daquilo que foi dado como centro e topo, por não atenderem aos critérios europeus de objetividade para então serem considerados como válidos. Essa marginalização decorre em instrumentalizações da natureza, em destruições que devastam terras e corpos, em colonizações de modos de pensar e existir. Em aliança com filosofias originárias e ancestrais, cultivadas por pensadores como Ailton Krenak e Célia Xakriabá, este ensaio experimenta conexões cósmicas e reflorestamentos espirituais em meio ao inóspito fazer científico, compreendendo essa mobilização como um dever urgente e decolonial de reflorestamento.

Countries like Mexico make significant efforts to reforest, but the results are not good due to the low survival rates caused by drought and water stress. Therefore, the effect of applying hydrated phenolic foam at plantation moment, on the survival and growth in Pinus leiophylla and Pinus teocote was assessed. Two trials were established, one for each species, with five treatments of different volumes of hydrated phenolic foam. The variables measured were survival, growth in height and diameter. The analyzes showed that hydrated phenolic foam significantly increases survival and height growth in Pinus leiophylla, but not in Pinus teocote. No effect was shown on diameter for any of the species. The application of hydrated phenolic foam at planting moment increase the survival of pine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological restoration has become an important complementary practice to protect natural resources and preserve biodiversity. However, native species may be used in restoration programs in ways that do not optimize their performance. This research evaluated the survival and to model the initial growth of 15 native tree species planted in “filling” and “diversity” lines in the post-planting phase of a restoration experiment in the subtropics of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We measured survival rate (%) one year after planting and collar diameter (mm), total height (m), crown projection area (m²) and crown volume (m³) in the first 48 months after planting. Growth modeling for each variable and species was based on the non-linear mathematical Logistic, Gompertz, and Chapman-Richards models. Model selection for each variable/species was supported by the Akaike Information Criterion, standard error of the estimate, and coefficient of determination. The highest survival rates were reported for Cordia americana, Gochnatia polymorpha, Inga uruguensis, Peltophorum dubium, Prunus sellowii e Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (91.7%) and for Solanum mauritianum (90.3%). The species with faster growth were, by increasing order, Mimosa scabrella, Trema micrantha, Solanum mauritianum and Croton urucurana. With a better understanding of the initial developmental potential of tree species, it is possible to increase the species and functional diversity of the filling group. There was no single model capable of describing the variables analyzed and different models were needed to describe different characteristics and species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out at the Vale Natural Reserve in Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil, with the objective of testing the use of direct seeding as a forest restoration method in Tabuleiro Forest (also called Tableland Forest outside of Brazil) 16 years after its implantation. Three different treatments were evaluated in which 29 native species with different area preparations were used, namely: Total manual mowing + residue burning + herbicide (T1); Total manual mowing + residue burning (T2); and Total manual mowing (T3). Each treatment had an area of 100m² (10x10m) and an interval between plots of 2 m. The survival of the individuals implanted in the direct seeding was evaluated, as well as the natural regeneration of the new individuals with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) = 15 cm. As a result, after 16 years we can see the presence of 16 species and 106 individuals, as well as a Shannon's diversity index of (H') = 1.917 and Pielou's index (P) = 0.691, demonstrating a low floristic diversity in the area. The species which stood out the most (most individuals) were: Joannesia princeps Vell. L.C.; Spondias venulosa (Engl.) Engl.; and Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. As a suggestion, it is recommended to use direct seeding in a complementary manner to other restoration techniques, and there should be monitoring of the area in order to assess the evolution of the process and the need for any interventions to assertively assist the entire process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the widespread increase in herbicide-resistant weeds, biotechnology companies have developed dicamba-tolerant soybean and cotton cultivars. This technology can, however, increase the risk of the product drifting to adjacent areas. This study was developed with the objective of the to evaluate the phytotoxicity and biometric variables of young eucalyptus plants exposed to subdoses of the herbicide dicamba. The experiment was carried out under field conditions in Rio Verde, state of Goiás, Brazil. The treatments were represented by the application of 0 (control), 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120 or 240 g ae ha-1 of dicamba 45 days after the seedlings were planted in the field. In terms of phytotoxicity, the dicamba doses of 120 and 240 g ae ha-1 caused greater damage to the eucalyptus plants in all periods of evaluation. The predominant symptoms were epinasty, increased number of shoots and necrosis and senescence of young branches and leaves. The herbicide doses of 120 and 240 g ae ha-1 significantly compromised plant height and diameter, number of branches and dry mass of leaves and roots, interfering with the growth and development of the eucalyptus crop. The results indicate that the effect of subdoses of the herbicide dicamba can interfere with the proper development of young eucalyptus plants, which may cause losses in the initial planting phase and future losses for producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Exacta is the property of Exacta - Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O Estado de Santa Catarina passou por diversas transformações ambientais, em sua maioria, provocadas pela antropização da paisagem. O desmatamento foi intensificado a partir da primeira metade do século XX, após o processo de ocupação da região e em função das atividades madeireiras. O objetivo desde artigo foi analisar algumas práticas de desmatamento e de reflorestamento, no Oeste de Santa Catarina, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Nos anos de 1950 e 1960 ocorreu o auge das atividades madeireiras no estado. Nos governos dos presidentes da ditadura civil militar foram aprovados via governos estadual e federal, projetos desenvolvimentistas, de cunho imediatistas, que acarretaram em grandes perdas ambientais. Na década seguinte, foram introduzidas práticas de reflorestamento, porém caracterizadas por serem realizadas através de monocultura de espécies florestais, por não estarem alinhadas às medidas de recomposição da flora original. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, as fontes utilizadas são: mapas, relatórios de governo, censos demográficos, os periódicos regionais e estaduais, iconografia, e a legislação federal. Visa-se, portanto, entender como ocorreu o processo de transformação da paisagem, e as medidas para conservação ou não dos ecossistemas envolvidos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil microbial activity of a Red-Yellow Ultisol under a thrush (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth) forest. Soil microbial respiration was determined by capturing evolved CO2 followed by titration in HCl. The determination of biomass carbon was carried out by the fumigation-extraction method and organic carbon oxidation by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). From the results of basal respiration of soil samples and C of microbial biomass, the metabolic quotient (qCO2) was calculated. The analyzes show that there are differences between the collections. Analysis of variance for C release data detected a mean of approximately 420 to 520 mg CO2 kg-1 between collections. Regarding the CMB, it was detected that there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the collections, even if they present increasing values over time. Like CMB, total organic C did not show statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The microbial quotient and the metabolic quotient showed statistically significant differences. It was concluded that, in this work, the metabolic activity of microorganisms indicates that the soil is close to the equilibrium state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Success in the production of eucalyptus seedlings directly affects the development of plants in the field. Several factors influence their initial growth, especially the substrate. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings and characteristics of the substrate using silicate agromineral (SA) in different proportions (substrate:SA; v/v): T0 – 100:00%, T1 – 90:10%, T2 – 80:20%, and T3 – 50:50%. The treatments were evaluated using a completely randomized design. Measurements of height (H), stem diameter (SD) and calculation of the H/SD ratio of the plants were performed every 3 weeks, totaling 4 measurements. At the end of the experiment (12 weeks), soil fertility analyses, granulometric analysis (sand, silt and clay) and total chemical analysis were carried out. Due to the chemical and mineralogical composition of SA, its use in substrate in a greater proportion (T3) promoted the increase of exchangeable K, Ca and Si contents, which influenced the increase in the sum of bases and cation exchange capacity. The levels of assimilable P and micronutrients Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were also higher in this treatment. The increase in SA proportions in the substrate composition also favored increase in the sand fraction and reduction in the clay fraction. As for the growth of seedlings, the results were not significant for H and SD as a function of SA doses, leading to the conclusion that the solubilization and slow release of nutrients by SA did not influence the growth of the plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Research in the Tropics / Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical is the property of Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Schinus terebinthifolius is a pioneer species of the Atlantic Forest. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the germination process of S. terebinthifolius seeds collected in four sites with different altitudes (São Francisco do Sul/SC, 2.53 m; Foz do Iguaçu/PR, 176.67 m; Maringá/PR, 458.00 m; Guarapuava/PR, 1,048.70 m) and their initial development under four luminosity levels. For the germination test, we used the completely randomized experimental design with 12 repetitions with 50 seeds per treatment. The seedlings were subjected to the luminosity levels of 50, 60, 70, and 100%. A triple factorial scheme, with four levels in each factor (43), was used to evaluate the seed collection site, luminosity, and seedling's development period. Principal components analysis was applied to the correlation matrix in the set of response variables emerging from the treatments. Seeds collected in São Francisco do Sul/SC presented higher vigor, and better germination speed index (GSI), development of the primary root and aerial part length. However, they also presented the worst result for the vegetative growth of seedlings subjected to a luminosity of 50%. Seeds collected in Maringá/PR presented a lower germination percentage and GSI. Still, they obtained the better results for vegetative development of seedlings subjected to a luminosity of 70%. This study confirmed that S. terebinthifolius seedlings, when exposed to luminosity higher than 60%, present better adaptation and development. Nonetheless, further studies about altitude and management are required to foster the recovery of degraded areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO A diversidade de Agaricomycetes lignícolas (Basidiomycota) foi estudada no Parque Florestal São Marcelo, localizado no município de Mogi-Guaçu, SP, Brasil, em processo de restauração desde 2002 por meio de um plantio com mais de 100 espécies arbóreas nativas. As coletas foram realizadas bimestralmente durante o período de outubro de 2015 a outubro de 2016. Os espécimes foram identificados com base na morfologia do basidioma e depositados no Herbário SP. Durante o estudo, 224 espécimes foram identificados em 41 espécies, dentre as quais um novo registro para o Estado de São Paulo: Neofavolus subpurpurascens (Murrill) Palacio & Robledo, mostrando o estabelecimento da comunidade fúngica na área restaurada e ainda que a recuperação de áreas degradadas contribui para a manutenção da diversidade fúngica do Estado.

Tibouchina granulosa (Quaresmeira) é utilizada em projetos de reflorestamento devido ao seu crescimento rápido. Para garantir melhores resultados, alternativas viáveis como o lodo de esgoto vêm sendo procurada, pois oferece qualidade às mudas, além disso, contribui para o ambiente por ser uma substância reutilizada. Avaliamos aqui os efeitos do substrato com lodo de esgoto. No delineamento experimental foram utilizados 5 tratamentos com diferentes misturas de substratos de lodo de esgoto compostado e comerciais e 4 repetições. A irrigação foi realizada 3 vezes ao dia, por período de 2,5 minutos. Os resultados revelaram que os melhores tratamentos em altura foram 75% LC + 25% SC, 50% LC + 50% SCe 25% LC + 75% BSC para o diâmetro do coleto foram 75% LC + 25% SCe 50% LC + 50% SCe na avaliação nutricional 75% LC + 25% SC. Para a produção de mudas de T. granulosa é recomendado a utilização da combinação de lodo de esgoto e substrato comercial.

The non-native grass Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) have been reported as a threat for woody species regeneration in the first years of tropical forest restoration, in some cases persisting for several years. The objective of this work was to evaluate forest restoration sites, correlating M. maximus and other ruderal species density and dry biomass with reforestation age, canopy openness, species richness, abundance of planted trees, and soil fertility. Seventeen sites reforested with native species were selected, with planting ages between 40 and 110 months, at the Capivara Reservoir, Southern Brazil. In each site, ten 10-m2 plots each with four 1-m2 subplots were installed, where soil fertility, plant abundance (M. maximus, native and ruderal species) and dry biomass (M. maximus and ruderal species only) were recorded. All sites showed high fertility soils, and the canopy openness (21.5 a 38.5 %) decreased with time. Ruderal species abundance were positively correlated with canopy openness and negatively correlated with planting age. Both dry biomass (ranging from 0 to 182 g/m²) and clump density (ranging from 0 to 2 clumps per m²) of M. maximus were not correlated with reforestation age or canopy cover. Moreover, with the exception of soil magnesium concentration, none of soil fertility variables could explain M. maximus abundance or biomass, indicating a high phenotypic plasticity in this non-native grass species. It was remarkable that almost 10 years after planting, the reforested sites did not successfully suppress Megathyrsus maximus even though canopy openness decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to evaluate the development of the native forest species in different models of mixed planting. The experimental area is localized in a farm at the margins of the reservoir of the Funil Hidroeletric Plant, in the South of Minas Gerais state. It was utilized the randomized block design, with the adoption of four different models, in three blocks. The dendrometric variables evaluated were height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown area, measured to the 13, 25, 44 and 64 months of planting age. The statistical analysis allow to conclude that there wasn't interaction among specie x model for any analyzed variable at any age. The species which stood out with larger values of growth at the 64 months were pau-balsa, sebania, trema and tamboril. The species ingá and tamboril, in spite of to be climax species, showed a growth expected for pioneer species. The models with larger proportion of pioneer species promoted higher soil cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research analyses the germination of seeds of Cinchona officinalis L., in three soils of populations located in three sectors of the province of Cajamarca in Peru, for its reintroduction in areas where it has disappeared. The seeds were collected in the localities from which the soil samples were obtained and moved to the city of Trujillo, Peru. An experimental design was established per block with three soils and three replicates of 2 kg each with 100 seeds per replicate, for a total of 300 seeds per soil. Perforated plastic containers with lids were used. Spray irrigation was applied daily and the units were covered to conserve humidity. Seedlings were counted between 13 and 60 days and their height was measured at the end of the study. Nonparametric analysis of variance was performed with á = 0.05 to establish the influence of soil on the percentage of germination. It was concluded that the seeds of C. officinalis L. can germinate maintaining similar conditions to those of its habitat (temperature and humidity); also the soil where the biggest quantity of seeds germinated was the one with a sandy loam texture. It was concluded that the type of soil has significant influence on the percentage of germination with p<0.05. It was demonstrated that it can reproduce outside its habitat for reforestation purposes in the areas where this emblematic plant of Peru has disappeared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triplaris gardneriana populary know as 'Pajeu' is a tree species with potential for recovery of riparian forests. The aim of this work was to evaluate the emergence and initial development of saplings in different substrates. The experiment was conducted in the didactic garden of the Campus Liberdade, from the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, in the municipality of Redenção, Ceará State. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates of 25 seeds was used. The substrates used were: soil, soil + humus, soil + compost, soil + manure, soil + humus + cattle manure and soil + humus + compost. Seedling emergence, emergence speed index, plant height and root length were evaluated. The substrate soil + humus + compost provided better seedling quality possibly due to the best physical characteristics, such as aerations and water retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A presença de plantas daninhas em povoamentos visando restauração florestal pode ocasionar prejuízos, pois podem comprometer o crescimento de espécies arbóreas. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia do coroamento com papelão no controle de Urochloa spp. em área de restauração florestal. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência e crescimento de oito espécies arbóreas nativas e os custos de manutenção de coroamento manual (T1) e coroamento com papelão (T2). Constatou-se que, aos nove meses após o plantio das mudas e colocação do papelão, não houve efeito da presença do papelão sobre a sobrevivência e crescimento das espécies arbóreas. Nesta idade, restava apenas 23% da massa original do papelão. O custo do tratamento com papelão foi 65% superior ao de coroamento manual.

A produção de carvão vegetal proveniente das florestas nativas tem pressionado os biomas em especial o Cerrado, cuja devastação da vegetação tem mantido carvoarias com destino para as siderúrgicas brasileiras. A reposição florestal é uma ferramenta de gestão ambiental utilizada para diminuir a pressão sobre os recursos naturais por meio do reflorestamento. Dados da produção de carvão vegetal permitem estipular a quantidade de créditos de reposição florestal original, para compensar a utilização dos recursos naturais. O objetivo com este trabalho foi apresentar o panorama atual da produção e dos principais consumidores e destinos de carvão vegetal proveniente de floresta nativa do estado do Tocantins. Como fonte de dados utilizou-se os Documentos de Origem Florestal cedidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) durante os anos de 2009 a 2016. Com os dados dispostos em planilha eletrônica, aplicou-se a estatística descritiva. Para a conversão da quantidade de carvão produzido em áreas de florestas plantadas, originadas da reposição florestal, adotou-se os valores estipulados na Resolução nº. 28, de 22 de novembro de 2011, do Conselho Estadual do Meio Ambiente do Tocantins (COEMA-TO). Conclui-se que o estado do Tocantins apresentou um cenário de constante crescimento da produção de carvão vegetal nativo, com uma produção média anual de 2009 a 2013 de 546.071,3 metros de carvão, diminuindo para 145.128 m de 2014 a 2016, tendo como principal consumidor o estado de Minas Gerais, que consumiu 77,01% de sua produção no período de 2009 a 2016.

The production of charcoal deriving from native forests has been putting pressure on different biomes, mainly the Cerrado one, where the vegetation has been devastated to supply charcoal mining companies focused on Brazilian steel plants. Forest replenishment is an environmental management tool used to reduce pressure on natural resources, through reforestation. Data on the production of charcoal allow stipulating the amount of original forest replenishment credits to offset the use of natural resources. The objective of this work was to the current charcoal production scenario and the main consumers of charcoal deriving from native forests in Tocantins State. Forest Origin Documents regarding the period from 2009 to 2016 were provided by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA - Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) and used as data sources. Data were inserted in a spreadsheet and subjected to descriptive statistics. Values stipulated in Resolution n°. 28, of November 22, 2011, of the State Environmental Council of Tocantins (COEMA-TO - Conselho Estadual do Meio Ambiente do Tocantins), were used to convert the amount of charcoal produced in areas of planted forests originated from forest replenishment. Tocantins State presented a scenario of constant native charcoal production increase. The annual mean production was 546,071.3 mdc (meters of charcoal) from 2009 to 2013 and it decreased to 145,128 mdc from 2014 to 2016. The main destination was Minas Gerais State, which consumed 77.01% of its production from 2009 to 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The presence of weeds in stands aiming at forest restoration can cause harn, as they can compromise the growth of tree species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of crowning with cardboard disks to control Urochloa spp. at forest restoration. The survival and growth of eight native tree species and the maintenance costs of manual crowning (T1) and the use of cardboard disks (T2) were evaluated. There was no effect of the cardboard disks when considering the survival and growth of the tree species 9 months after planting. At this age, only 23% of the original cardboard disks mass remained. Costs of cardboard treatment was 65% higher than manual crowning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mangroves are coastal ecosystems in transition between sea and land, localized worldwide on the tropical and subtropical regions. However, anthropogenic pressure in coastal areas has led to the conversion of many mangrove areas to other uses. Due to the increased awareness of the importance of mangroves worldwide, restoration methods are being studied. Our aim is to develop a framework for selecting suitable sites for red mangrove planting using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). For this reason, the methodology is based on abiotic factors that have an influence on the zonation (distribution) and growing of the Rhizophora mangle. A total suitable area of 6,12 hectares was found, where 15.300 propagules could be planted.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de biochar aplicado com os macronutrientes N e P, para a formação de substratos, no desenvolvimento de mudas de angico (Anadenanthera colubrina) para a restauração florestal. Os experimentos foram realizados em viveiro florestal, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Estudaram-se interações entre concentrações crescentes de biochar e de N, na forma de ureia, e de biochar e P, na forma de superfosfato simples, adicionados a Latossolo Amarelo. Determinaram-se os parâmetros de crescimento, qualidade e nutrição das mudas, e os resultados foram submetidos ao estudo de regressão polinomial (superfície de resposta). A interação entre biochar e N beneficiou a qualidade e a concentração foliar de Mg das mudas de angico, apesar de não influenciar o crescimento das plantas. As mudas de angico submetidas à aplicação de biochar e P mostraram maior qualidade e eficiência de uso dos nutrientes Ca e K. A adição de biochar ao substrato, junto com N e P, apresenta potencial de uso para a produção de mudas de qualidade, o que favorece o sucesso de práticas de restauração florestal em regiões com baixa fertilidade do solo e sujeitas a períodos de estresse hídrico.

O município de Santo Antônio de Pádua, localizado no noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-RJ foi e é atualmente caracterizado por atividades econômicas altamente degradantes ao meio ambiente. Como consequências desse processo, é possível destacar a diminuição de nascentes, redução da biodiversidade, aumento da frequência de enchentes e alterações na temperatura e no balanço hídrico, culminando em um processo de desertificação na região.O presente estudo foi realizado através da análise de séries históricas de temperatura (1980 a 1995) e (2001 a 2010) e precipitação (1980 a 1985), sendo determinada a classificação climática do município segundo Thornthwaite. Também se utilizou o cálculo do balanço hídrico climatológico para se estimar as disponibilidades hídricas do município. O presente estudo teve como objetivo averiguar as tendências dos parâmetros climáticos e as suas repercussões no meio físico, bem como a sua aplicabilidade no planejamento de recuperação de áreas degradadas. De acordo com as análises do balanço hídrico e das séries históricas de temperatura e precipitação, a região apresenta deficiência hídrica acentuada durante o inverno quando há uma tendência de elevação das temperaturas médias mensais. O conhecimento do perfil climatológico permitiu definir melhores alternativas metodológicas para o reflorestamento da região, demonstrando a importância da avaliação desses parâmetros em qualquer tipo de planejamento de recuperação florestal.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate growth rates of E. urograndis under application of triclopyr and fluroxipyr+triclopyr herbicides. Was used a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial design (3x2x5), corresponding to herbicides (triclopyr and fluroxipyr+triclopyr), both with two doses (0.75 and 1.5% concentrations of 480 g and L-1 for triclopyr and 80+240 g and L-1 for fluroxipyr+triclopyr), plus one control (plants that did not receive herbicide application) and five evaluation dates at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after application (DAA). At 45 days after seedlings transplant, applications were performed with pressurized carbon dioxide backpack sprayer, equipped with beak tip (XR 110.02) with spray volume of 200 L ha-1 and constant pressure of 35 kgf/cm2. Were evaluated: leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight ratio (LWR), absolute growth ratio (AGR), relative growth ratio (RGR) and net assimilatory ratio (NAR). The drift of triclopyr and fluroxipyr + triclopyr herbicide in the hybrid E. urograndis affect plant development in the beginning of the establishment. At 75 days after simulation drift of herbicides the plants showed characteristics of the symptoms of intoxication. It’s necessary to perform studies after 75 DAA to verify the complete recovery of the intoxication symptoms of E. urograndis hybrid plants resulting from the herbicide drift in the present study.

RESUMOEste estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar, qualitativa e quantitativamente, os impactos ambientais de um programa de fomento florestal, por meio do método da matriz de interação, coadjuvado por uma lista de verificação complementar, conhecida como método do check-list. Verificou-se, também, a aplicabilidade e complementaridade desses métodos para este caso. O referido programa foi realizado na região de influência do Polo Moveleiro de Ubá, na Zona da Mata mineira. O método da matriz de interação identificou 473 impactos, sendo 172 positivos (36,4%) e 301 negativos (63,6%), enquanto o método do check-list identificou 94 impactos, sendo 34 positivos (36,2%) e 60 negativos (63,8%). Concluiu-se que o referido programa possui impactos ambientais negativos e positivos, numa proporção de cerca de dois para um, respectivamente, bem como que os métodos usados se mostraram eficientes para a situação verificada, uma vez que foram capazes de identificar e descrever, em plenitude, tais impactos ambientais e de forma complementar.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mankind has sought to reuse effluents in various sectors, mainly in agriculture, since it is the human activity that has the highest consumption of this good. Besides, effluents have desirable characteristics for soil and plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of domestic effluent on the growth of sabiá seedlings (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.). The e×periment was carried out at the Rural Federal University of Semiárido (UFERSA) in a randomized block design, subdivided in plot scheme (5 × 2), with five replications. The main treatments were formed of five levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) of wastewater, and there were two types of substrate (within and without organic compound) in the subplot. To evaluate the effects of wastewater use, the quality of the seedlings was evaluated according to Dickson Quality Inde× (DQI) at the end of the e×periment. Production of seedlings of sabiá with the addition of 100% treated domestic effluent increases plant growth and development [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The species Plathymenia reticulata Benth., has great ecological potential being used for the reforestation of degraded areas, and the high economic value due to its wood of excellent quality. A technique to provide subsidies for conservation and management programs in this species, besides the use for studies of genetic diversity is the selection of molecular markers. Thus, the purpose of this study was the selection of primers ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) to determine the genetic structure, as well as quantification of genetic diversity in a natural population of P. reticulata providing data for conservation and reforestation studies. The sample comprised 15 individuals in a forest fragment in the municipality of Guaçuí/ES, Brazil. Five primers were selected, which generated a total of 85 bands, of which 56 were polymorphic. It found high genetic diversity based on the values of Nei's diversity index (H' = 0.383) and Shannon index (I = 0.550). The number of genetic clusters obtained in the dendrogram by UPGMA corroborated with Bayesian's analysis revealed two groups. ISSR were efficient and have identified the genetic diversity in the population sampled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações nos teores de C e N e abundância natural de δ13C e δ15N de um Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico em uma área com sistema agroflorestal (SAF). Em cada área de estudo foram coletadas amostras de solo, em 8 profundidades de 0,0–1,0 m. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 2 × 8 (2 áreas florestais e 8 profundidades), com três repetições. Com exceção da camada superficial do solo (0,0-0,10), a área de SAF está preservando os teores de C e aumentando os teores de N (0,2-1,0) em relação à mata nativa. Ambas as áreas avaliadas apresentaram sinais de abundância natural de δ13C referente a plantas do ciclo fotossintético C3, e a área de mata nativa apresentou nas camadas superficiais (0,0-0,20) maiores valores de δ15N, demonstrando maior decomposição da matéria orgânica.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar uma emergência e crescimento inicial de mudas de copaíba ( Copaifera langsdorffi Desf.) Sob diferentes substratos. A semeadura foi realizada nos substratos: solo, Bioplant®, solo + areia, solo + Bioplant® e solo + areia + cama-de-frango. Foram avaliadas, velocidade de emergência e crescimento de plântulas. Para uma emergência de plântulas de copaíba são indicados todos os substratos, exceto mistura solo + areia + cama-de-frango. Para o crescimento inicial, indicado pelo índice de qualidade de Dickson, o melhor substrato foi solo solo.

O Brasil abriga a flora mais rica do planeta, sendo a Floresta Atlântica um dos sistemas mais diversificados que compõe essa paisagem. Por outro lado, a atuação antrópica desordenada transformou esse bioma, originalmente contínuo, em um mosaico de fragmentos isolados colocando em risco a biodiversidade. A coleta de sementes de alta qualidade é muito importante para qualquer programa de produção de mudas voltado para restauração e conservação dos recursos genéticos. Dessa forma, com esse estudo objetivou-se avaliar indivíduos de Senefeldera verticillata (Vell.) Croizat presentes na FLONA de Pacotuba e RPPN Cafundó (Cachoeiro de Itapemirim - Espírito Santo), como matrizes para banco de sementes. O maior DAP foi de 17,6 cm e o menor foi de 5 cm, a média foi de 8,66 cm. Todas as matrizes avaliadas encontravam-se em boas condições de sanidade e aparência fenotípica. A partir dos dados foi possível identificar árvores matrizes que servirão como banco de sementes e empregadas nos projetos de reflorestamento e recuperação de áreas degradadas da própria região.