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Supervisory control system for superconducting magnet power supplies in JT-60SA is designed and developed. This system is in charge of many kinds of control; discharge sequence control, real-time magnet current control, data acquisition, machine protection and human safety. In the design, communication interface has to be optimized according to all requirements. The most important feature is real-time control with 4 kHz which is required for equilibrium control of plasma. In order to satisfy this requirement, reflective memory (RFM) network is applied for high speed data sharing with multiple controllers. This paper describes the architecture of the control system and the operation of the power supply system under the supervision.

According to the simulation requirements of multi-aircraft control system, a real-time simulation platform was designed by the technology of C/S platform framework, hardware clock-synchronization, and I/O communication. It was built by a distributed architecture, standard C language environment, RTX/QNX operating system and reflective memory network. Experiments show that this platform was able to satisfy the requirements of mTL(hardware-in-the-loop) simulation for multi-aircraft control system, and it could be used in the simulations with characteristics of distributed, real-time, high-speed and large-bandwidth communication

The simulation system is one of the important means to develop the weapon system. The distributed real-time simulation system can greatly accelerate the weapon research process. Distributed real-time simulation systems based on UDP and fiber-optic reflective memory networks enhance system computing, resource scheduling, and network communications. Based on the reflective memory network and Ethernet, the simulation system uses dual network transmission. Finally, the experimental results show that the system is real-time, communication is stable, high-speed, reliable, and the simulation system meets the requirements of multi-missile simulation.

ResumenObjetivo. Analizar las reflexiones del estudiantado de enfermería recogidas en el registro de su experiencia práctica en salud mental y geriátrica en la Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP EUI). Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, basado en los informes recibidos de estudiantes de tercer año de la EUE en el curso 2012 y 2014. Los datos recogidos fueron las variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad, nacionalidad) y las respuestas a las 2 preguntas abiertas extraídas de las memorias de estudiantes, mediante una herramienta especialmente diseñada para ello. La muestra incluyó 158 memorias de estudiantes (81,6% mujeres y 18,3% hombres). Se realizó un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de los datos con el programa SPSS de Windows. Los resultados mostraron que el estudiantado consideraba más visible el trabajo en equipo y la comunicación terapéutica en geriatría y salud mental que en las unidades de alta complejidad. Además, encontraron que la relación humana y la unión entre el paciente y las enfermeras era mucho más humanista. También observaron que enfermería estaba más involucrada y motivada que en otras unidades clínicas más técnicas. Conclusión: el estudiantado de enfermería percibía la experiencia práctica en geriatría y en salud mental como transformadora, y consideraba que profundizar en el conocimiento de las enfermedades y las necesidades de la persona tanto en salud como en enfermedad les aporta un mayor crecimiento personal y profesional. AbstractObjective. To analyse student nurses' reflections collected from their practical experience records in the mental health and geriatric departments at Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau University Nursing School (HSCSP EUI). Methodology: We carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional survey based on the reports received from 3rd year EUI students in 2012 and 2014. Data collected were sociodemographic variables (gender, age, nationality) and responses to two open questions extracted from the students' reports using a specially designed tool. The sample included reports from 158 students (81.6% women and 18.3% men). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of data was performed using the SPSS Windows program. Results showed that students considered teamwork and communication in geriatrics and mental health were more visible than in highly complex units. In addition, they found that the human relationship and the bonding between the patient and nurses were more humanistic. They also observed that the nurses were more involved and motivated than in other clinical technical units. Conclusion. Nursing students perceive practical experience in geriatrics and mental health field as transformative, and consider that knowledge of illnesses and human needs promotes their personal and professional growth.

The author argues that sensory memory resembles the transmission of information in classical Aristotelian theory, whereas Descartes’s intellectual memory, which has often been found puzzling, has analogues in other late scholastic ideas. He seems to use the term ‘intellectual memory’ in several related senses. It can refer to the recollection of symbolic messages, or it can refer to remembering of meanings, mastery of language. However, the term has also a different use: according to the author, intellectual memory takes care of the remembering of the subject’s own states, in other words, reflective memory. Such a view had its origin in the thought of Scotus, and in Descartes’s time it was well-known and popular. It is argued that Descartes’s version of the intellectual memory underscores especially the nature of «spiritual memory» as something maintaining the continuous unity of consciousness.

The hardware in the-loop simulation is an important method to speed up the research process of spacecraft, and the real time simulation system is the core of the hardware in the loop simulation. Distributed real-time simulation system based on RTX and reflective memory network is upgrading and expansion from the EMES simulation system, mainly expansion on the simulation calculation, simulation scheduling and network communication, and design the real time scheduling algorithm based on RTX high precision timer and communication protocol based on reflective memory network, the simulation system using dual network transmission technology. At last, the experimental results show that, the system is real-time, and the communication is stable, high speed and reliable, and the simulation system meets the requirements of real-time simulation.

For the problem of poor real-time performance in single machine simulation as a result of complex model, based on the characteristics of reflective memory network transmission, this paper proposes a distributed simulation system of on-orbit rescue of spatial non-cooperative targets. The system possesses the function to simulate on-orbit states of different stages, such as the process of approaching, capturing and locking the non-cooperative target and flight of the combination. Meanwhile, it decouples and segments the models of each stage, through improving the process of data interaction between different models, and eventually implements distributed simulation runs parallel on several interconnected computers. The results of the simulation provides research for the technology of on-orbit service for non-cooperative targets with some reference.

The EAST plasma control system (PCS) is in continuous development to satisfy the EAST experimental requirements. In order to realize low latency and distortion-free signal transmission between PCS and servo systems such as the poloidal field power supply, in-vessel coil power supply and real-time scope, reflective memory boards (RFM) were applied. The new hardware layout and enhanced performance are reported. Newly implemented PCS control algorithms for gas control and real-time data display are also presented.

In order to improve the real-time performance and reliability of the drive system for infrared image array, this paper designs an embedded drive system. With MPC8315 as the processing core, this system takes reflective memory network as the transmission unit. In order to verify and analyze the performance of the embedded drive system for the infrared image array, this paper sets up a test platform. Compared to the existing system, the real-time performance and drive capability of the embedded drive system designed in this paper are largely improved.

According to the requirement of real-time performance and universality in the virtual simulation system, the communication card adopts reflective memory technology with the ability to build the reflective memory network. At the same time, according to the requirement of interaction between virtual model and physical model, the card has serial interface and the ability of interaction with reflective memory network through serial interface. The experiments proved that the multifunctional communication card’s bandwidth is up to 30 MB/s, its bit error rate is lower than 10−15, its time delay is up to the rank of the deep microsecond.

This paper propose the idea of building a realtime package simulation platform in VMIC Reflective Memory network through drawing on the idea of generic HLA Federation, especially for real-time needs of semiphysical simulation. For model complexity, heterogeneity and diversity of the model, it propose wrapper solutions based on model. The wrapper model, transmitted data simulation and federate iterative program have been done analysis and research. It also designs and implements the statement management, the Federal management, object management and time management services. It verifies the platform's real-time high prosperity, through comparing the data of the platform performance and the MAK-RTI performance data. Keywords-federation; reflective memory network; wrapper; real-time simulation.

On the hardware platform of Distributed Real-Time Simulation, a communication module based on reflective memory network was realized in FPGA. The module, as an infrastructure, could be integrated with others seamlessly. Information stream inside the module was analyzed. Following the "Store and Forward with FIFO" rules, hardware circuits were well designed, including Host Logic, Memory Logic, and Net Logic. In addition, kernel data structures were defined, and 64bits/32bits PCI bus compatibility problem was mainly solved. Finally, through the delay analysis of the design and experiments in field, the communication delay between two neighboring nodes reaches microsecond level.

On the hardware platform of Distributed Real-Time Simulation, a communication module based on reflective memory network was realized in FPGA. As an infrastructure module, it could be integrated with other modules seamlessly. Under the speed-first rules, DMA engine in PCI Master mode was designed, and 64bits/32bits bus compatibility was realized. In order to solve the competition problems during network and memory access, the Arbiter strategy based on adjustable time slice was proposed. In addition, network command packets of higher priority were introduced to fit practical simulation requirements, including the interrupts issue.

Reflective memory systems are an effective solution to problems raised by message passing in multicomputer environments. The authors provide an overview of existing and emerging RM systems and offer a forecast of future trends.

In order to satisfy the Requirement of the Fast Control Cycle and Fast Communication between controllers for the Hot Strip Mill, we accept the Fiber-Optic Reflective Memory Net to connect all the controllers in one Area to compose the “Area Controller Group” structure in the Basic Automation Level. The MASIC-2000 D had been used in Lai-Wu and Cheng-De Hot Strip Mill, it will be used in the 1700mm Hot Strip Mill of An-Shan Iron & Steel Corp.

The Reflective Memory System (RMS) represents a modular busbased architecture that belongs to the class of distributed shared memory (DSM) systems with a hardware-implemented mechanism for maintenance of memory consistency. The RMS is characterized with an update consistency mechanism for shared data in the 'mirrored' memory regions. The goal of the research presented here was to achieve a relatively large global performance and scalability improvement, using a number of relatively small particular enhancements on independent and relatively non-correlated system components (a RISC-style methodology applied to DSM). This work analyses five proposed improvements to the existing RMS. Simulation analysis using a functional simulator based on a convenient and flexible synthetic workload model was carried out, in order to evaluate each proposed idea for a wide variety of workload parameters. Besides simulation results, each presented idea is also considered from the implementational point of view. Finally, the entire fully implemented prototype design is briefly mentioned.

Complex control system architectures are usually characterized by the heterogeneity and the distribution of their technological components. Besides, system engineers have at their disposal a number of technological alternatives to implement any of the different parts of a distributed application. For those reasons, the communication among the distributed components of a system often becomes an issue to address. In this paper we report a technique to solve this problem which is based on the use of reflective memory devices without any additional software requirement, and that can satisfy hard throughput requirements. We describe the implementation of a testbed for testing the proposed communication technique. We finally apply the results to a real-time data acquisition system characterized by a very heterogeneous architecture, whose components have been pushed to the limits of their performance and capacity.

According to the different time constraints for simulation tasks, a multi-level distributed real-time simulation platform was proposed, on which hardware layer was mainly introduced to solve rigorous real-time tasks. The distributed simulation framework under centralized management was given. Then, FPGA and DSP hardware boards were well designed. Especially, reflective memory network and bottom hardware communication were studied. An external clock synchronization module in FPGA was given to achieve microsecond precision. Also, data dispatch and simulation scheduling mechanism were elaborated. Finally, a real-time PD radar simulation system is developped as a typical application.

In the current distributed simulation system, the real-time network transmission has been increasingly demanded. However, the traditional physical shared storage and LAN technology both have some limitations. This paper describes the reflective memory network technology and compares it with the traditional network transmission technology. In the High Level Architecture (HLA) applications, Most of the Runtime Infrastructure (RTI) using LAN cannot satisfy the needs of real-time; this paper puts forward new transmission architecture of RTI based on the reflective memory network which can meet the needs of real-time.

Increasing complexity of today's WSAN applications imposes demanding challenges on the underlying system design. This especially affects real-time operation, resource sharing and memory usage. Using preemptive task systems is one way to retain acceptable reactivity within highly dynamic environments. Yet, since memory is commonly rare and can often not be assigned statically, this rapidly leads to severe memory management problems among tasks with interfering and even varying requirements. Finding an allocator which suitably adapts to changing conditions while covering both issues is generally hard. We present the novel CoMem approach for maintaining high reactivity and efficient memory usage within such systems. With respect to task priorities and the typically limited performance and resources of sensor nodes, our technique facilitates compositional software design by providing tasks with runtime information for yet collaborative and reflective memory sharing. Thereby, we require no special hardware-support like MMUs but operate entirely software-based. An evaluation will show that our approach can still allow allocation delays to be close to the best case and inversely proportional to the requester's priority.

In this paper, the working principle of reflective memory network is introduced, reflective memory network is designed and realized, and real-time, delay determinacy and reliability of reflective memory network are tested under QNX real-time operating system. The performance tests indicate that the reflective memory network meets the demands of the real-time and dependability and improves the stability of the power-supply control system greatly.

The demonstrator of a reflective memory board for particle accelerators data acquisition and control system applications is presented. The main building blocks of the reflective memory board are: a 32 bit times 66 MHz Master/Target PCI interface with DMA capabilities, a fiber optic full-duplex high-speed link and a 1 MByte synchronous static DPRAM. The reflective memory mechanism is implemented in a fully transparent way in both directions. A message passing and remote interrupt generation procedure from one PC to the other is implemented too

This paper proposes a cost model of data accesses with memory constraints in distributed systems. A data structure is proposed to adapt the cost model for a reflective memory system (RMS). The data structure is based on data regions that are defined by an action of read/write. The cost of the proposed data structure is analyzed using the reads/writes communication time by the proposed cost model. Finally, this paper proposes the optimization method that minimizes the cost of the proposed model due to the bounded size of memory.

Certain real-time power systems simulation applications running on parallel architectures are characterized by bursty broadcast traffic, making them ideal candidates for reflective memory networks (RMN) based on cache-coherent cache-only memory access (CC-COMA) type of schemes. We present a minimalist, scalable, and high performance RMN interface controller suitable for such applications.

In this paper, we present algorithms for efficiently implementing three collective communication operations on reflective memory network clusters: Broadcast, Barrier Synchronization and All-Reduce. These algorithms have been implemented as an extension to the Bill-Board Protocol, a low-latency communication protocol for reflective memory networks that we previously developed [6,7]. Simulated performance results are presented for these algorithms. The performance of the algorithms is evaluated in detail. A comparative study with Myrinet, a popular point-to-point switched interconnect for clusters is also presented.

In this paper we present an efficient design for message passing over a reflective memory network. First, we consider the attributes of reflective memory communication networks and the requirements to efficiently build message-passing functionality on these networks. We then introduce the Bill-Board Protocol, a lock-free protocol which provides low-latency send, receive, and multicast functionality to higher-level applications over reflective memory networks. The communication protocol and an implementation on SCRAMNet is described in detail. Lastly, the performance of this protocol is demonstrated.

Complex control system architectures are usually characterized by the heterogeneity and the distribution of their technological components. Besides, system engineers have at their disposal a number of technological alternatives to implement any of the different parts of a distributed application. For those reasons, the communication among the distributed components of a system often becomes an issue to address. In this paper we report a technique to solve this problem which is based on the use of reflective memory devices without any additional software requirement, and that can satisfy hard throughput requirements. We describe the implementation of a testbed for testing the proposed communication technique. We finally apply the results to a real-time data acquisition system characterized by a very heterogeneous architecture, whose components have been pushed to the limits of their performance and capacity.