Search

Objective. The objective of this scoping review was to identify key characteristics of primary research studies in peer-reviewed journals about reference accuracy. Characteristics of studies include the publication year, field of study, journal name and publication year of verified references, number of references verified, reference elements examined, definition of major, intermediate, and minor errors, whether punctuation or typographical errors were counted, overall error rate, major, intermediate, and minor error rates, and most common error type. Introduction. Reference accuracy has been studied across several decades and remains a persistent issue in peer-reviewed publications. Reference accuracy is typically reported as an error rate that represents the proportion of references with at least one error. Inclusion criteria for this scoping review included primary studies published in peer-reviewed journals that verified references in articles. Methods. Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA), Medline via EBSCOhost, and Web of Science were searched with final searches conducted in all three databases on November 26, 2022. No grey literature sources were searched given the focus of the project on peer-reviewed scholarly journals. Results. A total of 105 studies were included. The overall error rate across all studies was 32.7%. The error rates within specific fields of study were relatively similar. There is a lack of clarity about whether studies counted punctuation or typographical errors. The most common error was related to author names. Conclusions. There is a lack of studies to understand the most effective means to increase reference accuracy that are feasible to implement on a wide scale. Future research is warranted to understand how best to improve reference accuracy across fields of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This two-part study describes a learning exercise including a video and a worksheet designed to raise students' awareness of the need to evaluate the completeness of references generated by ChatGPT. The first part of the study assesses the completeness and relevance of academic references generated by ChatGPT using four prompts and three versions of ChatGPT. Content analysis using a priori coding revealed that most of the references generated are hallucinations or only partially complete. The results from the first part of the study were utilized in the second part of the study where 66 students evaluated the completeness of a sample of the references that had been generated and evaluated in the first part of the study. Although most students participating in the case study correctly answered questions about the content of the videos, only some students were able to correctly evaluate the completeness of the generated references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the reliability of three artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots (ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Chatsonic) in generating accurate references from existing obstetric literature. Study Design Between mid-March and late April 2023, ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Chatsonic were prompted to provide references for specific obstetrical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2020. RCTs were considered for inclusion if they were mentioned in a previous article that primarily evaluated RCTs published by the top medical and obstetrics and gynecology journals with the highest impact factors in 2020 as well as RCTs published in a new journal focused on publishing obstetric RCTs. The selection of the three AI models was based on their popularity, performance in natural language processing, and public availability. Data collection involved prompting the AI chatbots to provide references according to a standardized protocol. The primary evaluation metric was the accuracy of each AI model in correctly citing references, including authors, publication title, journal name, and digital object identifier (DOI). Statistical analysis was performed using a permutation test to compare the performance of the AI models. Results Among the 44 RCTs analyzed, Google Bard demonstrated the highest accuracy, correctly citing 13.6% of the requested RCTs, whereas ChatGPT and Chatsonic exhibited lower accuracy rates of 2.4 and 0%, respectively. Google Bard often substantially outperformed Chatsonic and ChatGPT in correctly citing the studied reference components. The majority of references from all AI models studied were noted to provide DOIs for unrelated studies or DOIs that do not exist. Conclusion To ensure the reliability of scientific information being disseminated, authors must exercise caution when utilizing AI for scientific writing and literature search. However, despite their limitations, collaborative partnerships between AI systems and researchers have the potential to drive synergistic advancements, leading to improved patient care and outcomes. Key Points AI chatbots often cite scientific articles incorrectly. AI chatbots can create false references. Responsible AI use in research is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sudden spread of the monkeypox virus has been accompanied by an increase in the scientific interest in the virus. More than 1,400 PubMed-indexed documents have been authored by about 5,800 unique authors, averaging around 120 publications per month. This sheer rise in the number led us to explore the content published in the literature. We discovered more than 30% of the documents are Quantitative Productivity (QP) i.e., papers that illustrate the emerging trends of parachute concerns, modified salami tactics, cyclic recycling, and excellence in redundancy. In addition, we found few common hyper-prolific authors previously identified in the COVID-19 literature. Further, we share our experience in publishing monkeypox literature and highlight the growing readership and citation interest in editorials, commentaries, and correspondences that were thought to be uncitable in the medical literature. As long as the scientific community and public demand, the supply of such papers will continue, with no responsibility on the authors, journals, or the reader. Since overhauling the current system is an arduous task, we propose the optimization of existing retrieval services that would selectively filter documents based on article type (requires standardization of definitions) to dilute the crowding out effects of quantitative productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific articles are used to be cited according to various factors, such as their quality, novelty, methodology, etc. There are also other factors which were identified to influence the citation impact of articles, such as the length of the articles, the number of authors, and the number of references etc. The influence of the number of references was analysed in this study. Journals from various research fields, such as Chemical Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science, Neuroscience, and Psychology, were ranked according to their SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) values into deciles for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2023. The number of references related to one article was calculated for each decile and then correlated against the decile ranking (from 1 to 10). Significant correlation coefficients ranging from -0.880 to -0.982 were obtained. This approach is different from the common approach to analyse the citations and references of the individual articles. The negative slopes of such linear plots demonstrate that the numbers of references are related to the citation impact of journals and, in turn, articles published by them. This is in line with the journal-article-level Matthew effect so that the authors prefer to read the higher-ranked journals and then cite their articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This two-part study describes a learning exercise including a video and a worksheet designed to raise students’ awareness of the need to evaluate the completeness of references generated by ChatGPT. The first part of the study assesses the completeness and relevance of academic references generated by ChatGPT using four prompts and three versions of ChatGPT. Content analysis using a priori coding revealed that most of the references generated are hallucinations or only partially complete. The results from the first part of the study were utilized in the second part of the study where 66 students evaluated the completeness of a sample of the references that had been generated and evaluated in the first part of the study. Although most students participating in the case study correctly answered questions about the content of the videos, only some students were able to correctly evaluate the completeness of the generated references.

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A style guide is a book of specifications used by publishers and printers to ensure that books and journal articles look professional, that they have a consistent layout and appearance, and that they accommodate their readers’ particular interests. Because professional organizations commonly have publishing components, most professional organizations have developed style guides of their own. Such organizations include, but are surely not limited to, the American Institute of Physics (AIP), the American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME), the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), and the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Among book-length style guides, the most widely used style guides include The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Standards Style Manual, and The Modern Language Association Style Guide (MLA). The Turabian Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses and Dissertations was produced by the University of Chicago Press to govern the production of graduate theses, and it has become widely accepted as a style guide for academic writing. The University of Chicago Press also publishes the authoritative Chicago Manual of Style. The academic disciplines serving the built environment are vast. The mechanical engineer may be involved in heat transfer and the insulation of buildings; the electrical engineer may be involved in lighting, wiring and solar energy; the civil engineer is essential to understand materials and their various stresses and strains, and the architect is the professional tasked with preparing the guiding design that brings the building together into a unifying, aesthetic whole. Each of these disciplines has its own unique style guide often set forth by the professional organizations that represent them. Please check with the instructor of your course for their preferred style guide when writing reports. For the architecture student particularly, The American Institute of Architects (see AIA at https://www.aia.org/) offers a concise style guide (see https://content.aia.org/sites/ default/files/2021-01/Content-Style-Guide-2021.pdf) that may prove useful. Architecture students can also refer to resources on writing about architecture like How Architects Write (Routledge, 2017) and Writing Architecture: A Practical Guide to Clear Communication About the Built Environment (Wiseman, 2014). In addition to specifying document design and page layout, style guides offer detailed discussions of ethics in research, appropriate approaches to research documentation, data preservation, conflicts of interest, and acknowledging the contributions of colleagues, subordinates and other researchers. Most professional journals provide online style guides, which are usually listed as “author information.” These guides only briefly define the layout and format requirements of the journal, although during copyediting a journal will typically provide a template that encodes the journal’s print standards. Beyond this, author information guides usually provide considerable information about copyright and ownership of your submitted documents, and they will usually disclose the review criteria and procedures used by the journal’s review editors. Most students will have limited direct contact with professional style guides. However, most instructors will provide specifications for the reports in their courses, and these specifications can be treated as a simplified style guide. Usually, an instructor’s classroom style guide will be based on the guides provided by professional organizations—to familiarize students with professional standards—but with adjustments to facilitate efficient grading. In most cases, students will be aware of the instructor’s style guide only in the format that is defined for reference citations and for the list of works cited. The remainder of this text focuses on these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the factors influencing Hanoi high school students' decisions to choose a university for studying Information Technology (IT) amidst the rapidly growing IT industry, especially following the 4.0 industrial revolution. The study employs quantitative methods, analyzing a sample of 241 students currently enrolled in IT programs across Hanoi. Key findings reveal that factors such as tuition fees, family recommendations, alumni influence, and university reputation significantly impact students' intentions and decisions. Interestingly, while university reputation positively influences students' intentions, it does not necessarily lead to their final decision to enroll. In contrast, financial considerations and advice from trusted sources play a more pivotal role. Additionally, the study finds that gender and admission scores do not significantly affect the decisionmaking process for these students. The results offer practical insights for universities to refine their recruitment and marketing strategies, ensuring they align with the real-world factors that influence student choice. By understanding these dynamics, universities can better attract and retain students in IT programs, thereby meeting the growing demands of the IT sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of directives in communicating the nature of the pandemic and reference to social experiences were promoted using images on social media platforms. The images or memes are used to create awareness and reinforce the criteria for safety during the pandemic. Previous studies on internet memes have concentrated on humor generation, speaker-hearer shared knowledge, neologism, and multimodality among others, with insufficient attention paid to the use of directives and references in such coronavirus-motivated memes. This paper, therefore, examines how directives and references are employed in conveying expected social responsibilities through coronavirus-motivated internet memes in Nigeria and other socio-cultural contexts. For data, one hundred coronavirus-motivated memes were purposively selected from Facebook, and eight representative memes were subjected to pragmatic analysis using aspects of Jacob Mey’s (2001. Pragmatics: An introduction, 2nd edn. USA: Blackwell Publishing) pragmatic acts theory to unearth insights from them. The paper observes that the various spheres of life that are relatable to an online audience help to express what the pandemic is about and enhance the meaning of the pandemic with the context of the use of the memes, giving clearer perspectives on the pandemic. Directives and references are useful tools for conveying social responsibilities to online audience.

This paper employs two scalar parameters to extend auxiliary function-based integral inequality into a new formulations, say a parametrised auxiliary function-based integral inequality. Using these formulations, the constituent signals are utilised more efficiently by exploiting the interaction between them to reduce conservatism. Numerical example for stability analysis of linear systems with time-varying delay shows the improved performance of the proposed new formulations in terms of maximum delay bounds and decision variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a solar-powered smart lamp post that integrates advanced features such as intelligent light intensity control, speed detection systems and smart mailing technology. The system uses lead-acid batteries for energy storage and solar panels for power supply, making it an environmentally friendly and cost effective solution. An intelligent light control system adjusts light brightness according to the environment, providing an optimal lighting experience with minimal energy consumption. Integrate mailing technology and speed detection systems to improve public safety. The Raspberry Pi, used as the microcontroller provides a flexible and customizable platform for the system. This paper describes the design, implementation and experimental results of the system, showing its effectiveness and potential for future development. In addition, the use of solar-powered smart light poles in public areas such as parks, streets and public squares can enhance the aesthetics and atmosphere of the surroundings. The sophisticated design and energy-saving properties of the lamp post make it an attractive addition to the cityscape. Overall, the importance of solarpowered smart light poles cannot be overstated given their potential to improve public safety, conserve energy, and enhance street aesthetics. Demand for such systems is likely to increase in the future as interest in sustainability and environmental protection grows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper provides an explanation for IDS (Intrusion Detection System). The recent technological advancements have raised security and privacy concerns. As cyber networks and their applications expand, network security becomes increasingly important .Machine learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) are effective, particularly the Supervised Model, which increases detection rates. Complex models can make it difficult for people to understand their decisions. Currently, most research on model interpretation is focused on fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, and biology. In practice, cybersecurity experts struggle to optimize decisions based on model judgments. To address these concerns, a framework is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious moderation, believed to be the solution to radicalism in Indonesia, has a real obstacle in terms of a tendency to use English language references. Meanwhile, they are considered to be full of liberalization and pro-Western politics. This research examined the insertion of religious moderation through Arabic language references. It aimed to offer religious moderation with more comprehensive Arabic religious references on religious materials. The research was qualitative and used a case study method. The subjects were nine lecturers and seven students from the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Malang, who were selected purposively. The research found that religious moderation was inserted into the religious material through CLO, teaching materials with original Arabic texts, and the learning process. The three insertion models were chosen to follow instructions from university leaders, introduce the terminology of religious moderation from Arabic and non-Arabic language references, and ground religious moderation among students. Besides, using original Arabic text references is quite effective and grows students' confidence. This research suggested that when inserting religious moderation, especially at PTKI, we should include Arabic references because it has been proven to increase students' confidence effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Obesity is currently considered a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Gender- and age-specific body mass index (BMI) growth standards or references are particularly effective in monitoring the global obesity pandemic. This study aimed to report disparities in age-, gender- and ethnic-specific statistical estimates of overweight and obesity for 2–18 years aged Pakistani children and adolescents using the World Health Organization (WHO), the Center for Disease Control (CDC) 2000 references, the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and Pakistani references for BMI. Methods: The study used secondary data of 10,668 pediatric population, aged 2–18 years. Demographic information like age (years), gender, city and anthropometric examinations, i.e., height (cm) and weight (kg) were used in this study. The recommended age- and gender-specific BMI cut-offs of the WHO, CDC 2000 and the IOTF references were used to classify the children sampled as overweight and obese. For the Pakistani reference, overweight and obesity were defined as BMI-for-age ≥ 85th percentile and BMI-for-age ≥ 95th percentile, respectively. Cohen's κ statistic was used to assess the agreement between the international references and local study population references in the classification of overweight/obesity. Results: The statistical estimates (%) of the participants for overweight and obesity varied according to the reference used: WHO (7.4% and 2.2%), CDC (4.9% and 2.1%), IOTF (5.2% and 2.0%) and Pakistan (8.8% and 6.0%), respectively; suggesting higher levels of overweight and obesity prevalence when local study references are used. The Kappa statistic shows a moderate to excellent agreement (κ ≥ 0.6) among three international references when classifying child overweight and obesity and poor agreement between local references and the WHO (0.45, 0.52), CDC (0.25, 0.50) and IOTF references (0.16, 0.31), for overweight and obesity, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the study showed a visible difference in the estimates of excess body weight after applying the WHO, CDC, IOTF and local BMI references to the study population. Based on the disparity results and poor agreement between international references and the local study reference, this study recommends using local BMI references in identifying children with overweight and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant body of valuable data about the myxomycetes of Ukraine lies in a “grey zone”. This encompasses undigitised historical books and articles published in languages such as Polish, French or German, as well as proceedings from local conferences, articles featured in local scientific journals and annual reports submitted to public authorities by employees of protected areas, published in Ukrainian or Russian. Yet, due to their exclusive existence in print and often the Cyrillic alphabet, these publications remain neither findable nor accessible to a wider audience.The datasets presented here aim to summarise over 150 years of myxomycetes research in Ukraine. The majority of the data has been extracted from published literature sources spanning the years 1842 to 2023, with a minor supplement from unpublished herbarium specimens. The datasets include 5036 georeferenced occurrences, 339 taxa and 91 literature sources. Seventy-one of the used literature sources, mostly published before 2010, were uploaded to Zenodo and are available in open access.

Existing land registration systems have several issues like dual ownership, fraudulent or incomplete registries. The existing system also includes a lot of middle men which makes it prone to malicious acts and results in a vulnerable system. Keeping track of who owns which part of land is a big challenge. To overcome this problem blockchain technology is used. Use of blockchain will remove middle men, increase trust, efficiency of the system and reduce corruption. This paper highlights the issues related to the current system such as authenticity, centralization, reliability, transparency, etc and proposes a better method using ethereum blockchain and smart contracts to overcome this problem. Blockchain method provides identification of true ownership of land, authenticity and transparency in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the potential of ChatGPT in the search for reliable references. Results showed that the reliability of ChatGPT's references vary across different source types. For journal articles, they were all fabricated and not compliant with APA 7 format. Webpages did not match actual existing sites. However, for books, the generated references correctly corresponded to real, existing ones. In the case of journal websites, the links within the responses were functional. Although this exploration gained interesting insights, researchers are strongly recommended not to depend on ChatGPT for references due to accuracy issues and must undertake manual, scholarly searches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Large language models (LLMs) have gained prominence since the release of ChatGPT in late 2022. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of citations and references generated by ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) in two distinct academic domains: the natural sciences and humanities. Methods: Two researchers independently prompted ChatGPT to write an introduction section for a manuscript and include citations; they then evaluated the accuracy of the citations and Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs). Results were compared between the two disciplines. Results: Ten topics were included, including 5 in the natural sciences and 5 in the humanities. A total of 102 citations were generated, with 55 in the natural sciences and 47 in the humanities. Among these, 40 citations (72.7%) in the natural sciences and 36 citations (76.6%) in the humanities were confirmed to exist (P =.42). There were significant disparities found in DOI presence in the natural sciences (39/55, 70.9%) and the humanities (18/47, 38.3%), along with significant differences in accuracy between the two disciplines (18/55, 32.7% vs 4/47, 8.5%). DOI hallucination was more prevalent in the humanities (42/55, 89.4%). The Levenshtein distance was significantly higher in the humanities than in the natural sciences, reflecting the lower DOI accuracy. Conclusions: ChatGPT's performance in generating citations and references varies across disciplines. Differences in DOI standards and disciplinary nuances contribute to performance variations. Researchers should consider the strengths and limitations of artificial intelligence writing tools with respect to citation accuracy. The use of domain-specific models may enhance accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), first developed as an alternative to ankle arthrodesis, has become an increasingly popular management option for end-stage ankle arthritis. Prior studies have shown commercial insurance payers base their coverage criteria on limited and low level of evidence research. This study aims to quantify and describe the evidence insurance companies use to support TAA coverage policies. Methods: The top 11 national commercial health insurance payers for TAA were identified. A google search was performed to identify payer coverage policies. Policy documents were examined and cited references were classified by type of reference as well as reviewed for level of evidence (LOE). Specific coverage criteria for each individual payer were then extracted. Criteria were compared to assess for similarities among commercial payers. Finally, all references cited by each payer were examined to determine whether they mentioned the specific payer criteria. Results: Six of the 11 payers had accessible coverage policies. The majority of cited references were primary journal articles (145, 60.9%) and the majority of references cited (179, 75.2%) were level III or level IV evidence. We found significant homogeneity in coverage criteria among payers. In addition, cited sources inconsistently mentioned specific payer coverage criteria. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that commercial insurance payers rely on the relatively low level of currently available scientific evidence when formulating coverage policies for TAA use and adopt criteria that have not been thoroughly analyzed in the literature. More high level of evidence research is needed to help clinicians and insurance companies further refine indications for TAA so that patients who might benefit from the procedure are adequately covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyze the cited references in 1.38 million papers by Russian (co-)authors indexed in the Web of Science database until May 2022. Similarly, to the established processes in the so-called Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS), we study the distribution of the references across the cited years and seek to identify the peak years with the publications that attracted the most attention of Russian scholars. In this way, the historical roots of Russian science may be traced and we take a closer look at these most influential works. In addition, we investigate the evolution of the mean age of references and of their average number per paper over time and inspect the most frequently cited sources. The results show that the average number of references in Russian papers has been steadily increasing, but the mean age of references has been declining in the most recent years. Also, the foundations of Russian science seem to be physics of particles and electrochemistry and have recently become based more internationally than in the past. This study is the first of its kind and may help better understand the character of Russian research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alteridad: Revista de Educación is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attracting prospective students could be difficult and expensive. Candidates, when choosing a future school for their studies, consider a great number of factors. Information from official university websites does not suffice to persuade. Word of mouth plays a significant role, among others. The aim of this paper is to present findings about important factors influencing the overall satisfaction of current students with university life as well as their willingness to share positive references. The study took place in the Czech Republic with students attending business schools at universities. Primary data was collected via an online questionnaire with students with bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorate degrees (n = 274) and in-depth interviews (n = 10). Data was processed with regression analysis and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The main findings suggest that there is a close positive correlation between students’ satisfaction and the willingness to recommend the university. The quality of student life and the reputation of the school were identified as the most important factors influencing this satisfaction and willingness to recommend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study uncovers the internationalization of Chinese social sciences in knowledge sources through the quantitative analysis of foreign language references cited by China's domestically published social science papers. It's found that in the 20 years from 1998 to 2017, the number and proportion of international knowledge sources utilized in Chinese social sciences increased greatly, and the distribution of languages became more concentrated in English. For journals as major international knowledge sources, Chinese social scientists consistently preferred those indexed by Web of Science, and their citation pattern conforms to Garfield's Law of Concentration. Some of the disciplines continuously focused on international journals in their fields, but others increasingly utilized interdisciplinary knowledge. The strong demand of Chinese social scientists for journals with high impact was basically stable over 20 years, while older articles instead of recent ones were preferred generally and increasingly. On the basis of the above findings, this study further discloses that China's knowledge production in social sciences also experienced rapid internationalization like its knowledge utilization, and the association between international knowledge production and utilization is statistically significant at the discipline level and journal level. Finally, policy-related issues and enlightenments for social sciences in non-English speaking countries are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The responsible and sustainable agave-tequila production chain is fundamental for the social, environmental, and economic development of Mexico's agave regions. It is therefore relevant to develop new tools for large-scale automatic agave region monitoring. In this work, we present an Agave tequilana Weber azul crop segmentation and maturity classification using very high-resolution satellite imagery, which could be useful for this task. To achieve this, we solve real-world deep learning problems in the very specific context of agave crop segmentation such as a lack of data, low-quality labels, highly imbalanced data, and low model performance. The proposed strategies go beyond data augmentation and data transfer combining active learning and the creation of synthetic images with human supervision. As a result, the segmentation performance evaluated with the Intersection over Union (IoU) value increased from 0.72 to 0.90 in the test set. The authors also propose a method for classifying agave crop maturity with 95% accuracy. With the resulting accurate models, agave production forecasting can be available for large regions. In addition, some supply-demand problems such as excessive supplies of agave or, deforestation, could be detected early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the project “The ability to work with scientific documents as an opportunity for academic growthˮ, which took place at the University of Economics – Varna. The series of trainings conducted within the framework of the initiative and the results achieved are described. Readers' attitudes and needs were analyzed based on a survey conducted after the seminars. Guidelines for further development and encouragement of knowledge for working with scientific information are outlined [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honoring those who paved the way and paving the way for others is an old saying and practice that emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the contributions of others while also guiding and mentoring those who follow in your footsteps. In academic and scientific writings, citations are very important for maintaining the integrity, credibility, and progression of scientific knowledge. This article examines the significance of citations, their various types and methods, and the different styles used. By focusing on best practices and common errors, this article aims to guide researchers in effectively incorporating citations to enhance their work's visibility and impact. It analyses the different types of citations, including direct quotes, paraphrases, and summaries, and discusses the major citation systems such as the Vancouver and Harvard styles. The article also examines the common errors in citation practices and offers guidelines for accurate referencing. It also reviews various reference management software that facilitate to organize and automate the citation process. The impact of citations on bibliometric measures such as impact factor, H index, CiteScore, etc., which assess the influence and productivity of research, is also discussed. Further, the article briefly delves into the utility of artificial intelligence in citation management and future directions in citation practices. The goal of this article is to elevate the quality and credibility of academic publications in the area of medicine by focusing on the principles and methods of effective citation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliography is a list of publications on a subject. Bibliographic studies provide researchers with great convenience by presenting the studies on the subject they are interested in in a collective manner. This study is a bibliography that presents the articles written on word groups together. In general, word groups are non-valued linguistic units formed by the combination of more than one word to match an entity, a concept, a situation, a movement. These units come together within certain rules and always complement each other, functioning as a single word in a sentence. Although there is no uniform classification of word groups, word groups are treated as "noun phrase, adjective phrase, adjective-verb group, noun-verb group, adverb-verb group, repetition group, preposition group, linking group, title group, compound noun group, interjection group, number group, compound verb group, and abbreviation group". The study consists of two main parts: introduction and bibliography. In the introductory part of the study, information about the concepts of syntax and word group is given and the classification studies in this field are mentioned. In the second part, the bibliographies of the articles written on word groups between 2002 and 2023 are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different technologies, such as artificial intelligence programs, can influence academic writing in different disciplines, including English language teaching (ELT). An artificial intelligence-based program, ChatGPT is one of such technologies, and it should be dealt with cautiously because according to the literature, it can produce academic writing which may be difficult for teachers to notice and may include unreal references. Its generating unreal references was studied in different disciplines, but little is known about the accuracy of the references it used in ELT-related academic texts. Therefore, the present study aimed to find out the accuracy of the references it used in ELT-related academic texts and the issue(s) in the references with incorrect information if any. It was designed as a convergent parallel mixed-methods study. The data were created through four academic essays that ChatGPT wrote about ELT. The quantitative data were descriptively analyzed, while the qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings of the present study indicated that though most of the references used by ChatGPT in four academic essays included correct information, ChatGPT might use references with incorrect information which resulted from giving incorrect information about the publication and creating unreal references. The findings were discussed according to both the literature and the implications of the study on ELT in terms of academic writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The citation of articles in scientific production is an important indicator of quality, as demonstrated in the first moments of this document. This text defines effective citation as a way of assessing the topicality of the thesis on the basis of the references used. Subsequently, a study of the effective citation of scientific articles and the differences with the citation measures used so far in the doctoral theses of Pedagogical Sciences of the University of Matanzas, defended in the period 2017-2019, was carried out. In the study was used the documentary analysis method. The results obtained are organised in the form of tables and graphs that allow to illustrate the difficulties encountered in the theses. The main difficulty is the poor number of citations of scientific articles in the main databases of the world related to the subject of the thesis. Finally, the results obtained are contrasted with other researches and the little use of bibliography obtained from the main databases in the doctoral researches in Pedagogical Sciences of the University of Matanzas is evidenced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature reviews are valuable for summarizing and evaluating the available evidence in various medical fields, including nephrology. However, identifying and exploring the potential sources requires focus and time devoted to literature searching for clinicians and researchers. ChatGPT is a novel artificial intelligence (AI) large language model (LLM) renowned for its exceptional ability to generate human-like responses across various tasks. However, whether ChatGPT can effectively assist medical professionals in identifying relevant literature is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT in identifying references to literature reviews in nephrology. We keyed the prompt "Please provide the references in Vancouver style and their links in recent literature on... name of the topic" into ChatGPT-3.5 (03/23 Version). We selected all the results provided by ChatGPT and assessed them for existence, relevance, and author/link correctness. We recorded each resource's citations, authors, title, journal name, publication year, digital object identifier (DOI), and link. The relevance and correctness of each resource were verified by searching on Google Scholar. Of the total 610 references in the nephrology literature, only 378 (62%) of the references provided by ChatGPT existed, while 31% were fabricated, and 7% of citations were incomplete references. Notably, only 122 (20%) of references were authentic. Additionally, 256 (68%) of the links in the references were found to be incorrect, and the DOI was inaccurate in 206 (54%) of the references. Moreover, among those with a link provided, the link was correct in only 20% of cases, and 3% of the references were irrelevant. Notably, an analysis of specific topics in electrolyte, hemodialysis, and kidney stones found that >60% of the references were inaccurate or misleading, with less reliable authorship and links provided by ChatGPT. Based on our findings, the use of ChatGPT as a sole resource for identifying references to literature reviews in nephrology is not recommended. Future studies could explore ways to improve AI language models' performance in identifying relevant nephrology literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Arts & Languages is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The citation of articles in scientific production is an important indicator of quality, as demonstrated in the first moments of this document. This text defines effective citation as a way of assessing the topicality of the thesis on the basis of the references used. Subsequently, a study of the effective citation of scientific articles and the differences with the citation measures used so far in the doctoral theses of Pedagogical Sciences of the University of Matanzas, defended in the period 2017-2019, was carried out. In the study was used the documentary analysis method. The results obtained are organised in the form of tables and graphs that allow to illustrate the difficulties encountered in the theses. The main difficulty is the poor number of citations of scientific articles in the main databases of the world related to the subject of the thesis. Finally, the results obtained are contrasted with other researches and the little use of bibliography obtained from the main databases in the doctoral researches in Pedagogical Sciences of the University of Matanzas is evidenced.

Background The Bergen Growth Study 2 (BGS2) aims to characterise somatic and endocrine changes in healthy Norwegian children using a novel methodology. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional sample of 1285 children aged 6–16 years was examined in 2016 using novel objective ultrasound assessments of breast developmental stages and testicular volume in addition to the traditional Tanner pubertal stages. Blood samples allowed for measurements of pubertal hormones, endocrine disruptive chemicals, and genetic analyses. Results Ultrasound staging of breast development in girls showed a high degree of agreement within and between observers, and ultrasound measurement of testicular volume in boys also showed small intra- and interobserver differences. The median age was 10.4 years for Tanner B2 (pubertal onset) and 12.7 years for menarche. Norwegian boys reached a pubertal testicular volume at a mean age of 11.7 years. Continuous reference curves for testicular volume and sex hormones were constructed using the LMS method. Conclusions Ultrasound-based assessments of puberty provided novel references for breast developmental stages and enabled the measurement of testicular volume on a continuous scale. Endocrine z-scores allowed for an intuitive interpretation of changing hormonal levels during puberty on a quantitative scale, which, in turn, provides opportunities for further analysis of pubertal development using machine-learning approaches.

As natural resources of sand and fine material used in the concrete industry are becoming more scarce, crushed materials are being used to a greater extent. Shape and texture of machine crushed materials differ from aggregates naturally ground, layered and sorted under the course of millions of years. It is assumed that crushed aggregates are more angular and of less smooth texture than natural aggregates, which will affect the flow behaviour of a suspension containing crushed material. In the mix design process of cementitous suspensions, an adequate rheology of the micro mortar (all constituents in the concrete being able to pass a 0.125 mm sieve, including the cement) is crucial. In this paper, the shape of fine particles is linked to the micro mortar plastic viscosity of the filler suspension including cement. The plastic viscosity here serves as an important quality assessment of the filler, since the micro mortar workability features are vital for the final mix design quality of the concrete workability.

Background. The incidence of diseases associated with impaired transport and oxidation of fatty acids is from 1:5,000 to 1:9,000 newborns. High morbidity, risk of death in the absence of timely correction, non-specificity of clinical manifestations define the importance of their timely laboratory diagnosis based on the determination of free carnitine and acylcarnitines in the blood. Reference values for free carnitine and acylcarnitines vary in different populations. The aim. To determine the reference intervals of free carnitine and acylcarnitines in newborns of the Irkutsk region and to compare them with similar reference intervals in newborns in other countries. Methods. The analysis of 229 samples of drу blood spots of healthy newborn children of the Irkutsk region aged from 0 to 7 days was carried out. Analysis of acylcarnitine concentrations was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Results. 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles (µmol/l) were calculateed for 13 acylcarnitines: C0 – [8.78; 38.08]; C2 – [3.55; 19.09]; C3 – [0.33; 1.96]; C4 – [0.08; 0.51]; C5 – [0.06; 0.44]; C5DC – [0.03; 0.17]; C6 – [0.01; 0.07]; C8 – [0.01; 0.07]; C10 – [0.02; 0.07]; C12 – [0.04; 0.51]; C14 – [0.07; 0.24]; C16 – [0.58; 3.25]; C18 – [0.35; 1.16]. Conclusion. Differences in acylcarnitine reference intervals were found: compared with other countries, the concentrations of reference intervals for C0, C2, C3, C5DC, C8, C10, C14, C16 and C18 were lower in our study, reference intervals for C5 and C12 were higher in our country.

Childhood obesity is a public health problem globally as well as in Poland. This paper aimed to provide age- and sex-specific waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio normative values for Polish children and adolescents aged 3 − 18 years for more precise monitoring of abdominal fat accumulation. The waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio references were constructed with the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method using data from two nationally representative health surveys: the OLA study and the OLAF study, the largest available paediatric surveys in Poland which provided measured height, weight, waist, hip and blood pressure for 22,370 children and adolescents aged 3 − 18 years. The predictive ability of newly established references for overweight/obesity as defined by the International Obesity Task Force criteria and elevated blood pressure was tested with receiver operating characteristic. Abdominal obesity cut-offs linked to adult cardiometabolic cut-offs were established. Reference values for waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio are presented, as well as waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio cut-off values linked to adult's cut-offs of cardiometabolic risk. The predictive value for overweight and obesity of population-based waist, hip and waist-to-height ratio references was outstanding–area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.95 in both sexes, whereas with regard to the elevated blood pressure predictive ability was low—area under the receiver operating characteristic curve < 0.65. Conclusion: This paper presents the first waist, hip, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio references for Polish children and adolescents aged 3–18 years. The 90th and 95th percentile and cut-offs linked to adult thresholds for cardiometabolic risk are proposed as cut-offs for abdominal obesity. What is Known: • Waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio are used to assess abdominal obesity in children and adults. • In Poland, there is no abdominal obesity and hip circumference references for children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years of age. What is New: • Population-based references of central obesity indices and hip references for children and youth aged 3–18 years and cardiometabolic risk thresholds for children and adolescents linked to adult's cut-offs were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he LaTeX programming language considered in this article is used to represent mathematical and other texts in scientific research. Many LaTeX packages provide advanced code-formatting features. Expanding the LaTeX programming language with macros automates the performance of a large number of tasks. In this research, the author programs in the LaTeX system when creating new macros. New macros created by the author improve adding references to everything that can be numbered and improve adding different types of footnotes in texts. Source codes of these new macros are given in this article. These macros can be embodied in a LaTeX style file, and they expand the capabilities of LaTeX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alhamd is the property of Urdu Research Journal, ALHAMD, Alhamd Islamic University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)