Search

The results of metrological studies of the field of the experimental channel of the research nuclear reactor OR (experimental base of the NRC “Kurchatov Institute”) with a capacity of 0.1–300 kW are presented. The empirical dependence of the contribution of the absorbed dose of gamma radiation during the raising and lowering reactor power in the total absorbed dose during the irradiation in the reactor and absorbed dose rate from a power reactor OR in the steady state. Based on these results, the absorbed dose and absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation can be pre-calculated. According to metrological studies results, the experimental channel of the reactor OR was certified in terms of the absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation as a specialized source of gamma radiation spatially combined with the modeling reference field of neutrons. The specialized source is designed for calibration of special-purpose measuring instruments and testing for radiation resistance of products operating in conditions of mixed gamma-neutron radiation of nuclear reactors.

El presente trabajo busca reflexionar, desde la perspectiva de los estudios interartísticos, sobre la práctica narrativa de Adolfo Couve, escritor y pintor chileno que tematiza el mundo plástico en toda su producción narrativa. A partir de una concepción desprejuiciada respecto de lo marginal, de la fealdad y la miseria, el autor despliega una mirada alterna sobre los espacios de borde en busca de la reivindicación de la miseria, a la vez que relativizar el canon estético que prestigia temas y motivos lejanos al campo de referencia de quienes habitan el borde. La exhibición de aquellos espacios, los personajes y los paisajes minoritarios, su composición plástica y narrativa, sin embargo, dialogan permanentemente con la tradición pictórica de elite.

With respect to the radiated immunity standard for on-board equipment (ISO 11452–2), a new draft assessment method for evaluation of the validity of measuring sites and correlation among test sites is proposed. This method consists of the long wire antenna method described in CISPR 25 and the reference field calibration. Regarding the proposed method, round-robin measurement was performed at 20 sites. It became clear that in order to assure high inter-laboratory comparison, characteristics of field-radiating antennas should be the same, and strong resonance characteristics originated in the measurement system appear as part of the stress level applied on the device under test.

Non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) in croplands is receiving a growing interest for its relevance in the field of sustainable agriculture. Previous studies have demonstrated the suitability of hyperspectral remote sensing in detection and classification of NPV. This study is an early assessment of the PRISMA mission capability to provide quantitative estimates of NPV, through exploiting PRISMA imagery and reference field data collected on summer 2020. We investigate the cellulose absorption region (2.0-2.2 µm) applying a technique of feature reduction (Exponential Gaussian Optimization - EGO) able to retrieve spectral parameters which can be used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of NPV in croplands. In particular, a significant non-linear relationship has been found between EGO-derived band depth and dry matter abundance (g/m2). The results are very encouraging toward a robust and quantitative estimation of NPV from space and worthy of further investigations.

In this study, a vortex-based Doppler velocity dealiasing (VDVD) algorithm for tropical cyclones (TCs) is proposed. The algorithm uses a Rankine combined vortex model as a reference field for dealiasing based on an inner–outer iterative procedure. The structure of the reference vortex is adjusted in an inner iterative procedure of VDVD that applies the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) technique. The outer loop of the VDVD based on the GBVTD-simplex algorithm is used for center correction. The VDVD is able to recover not only the aliased Doppler velocities from a simulated symmetric vortex but also those superimposed with wavenumber-1 asymmetry, radial wind, or mean flow. For real cases, the VDVD provides dealiased Doppler velocity with 99.4% accuracy for all pixels, based on 472 elevation sweeps from a typhoon without landfall. It is suggested that the VDVD algorithm can improve the quality of downstream applications such as Doppler wind retrievals and radar data assimilations of TCs and other storms, such as tornadoes and mesocyclones, with vortex signatures.

This work presents the geomagnetic characterization of the municipality of Macae, Brazil. Data from IGRF12 (twelfth edition of International Geomag-netic Reference Field) were used. Through the data collected in a regular grid of 0.1 degrees of the components, north, east and vertical were generated maps of components, inclination, declination, horizontal component and geomagnetic total field. The results showed important relative variations of these magnitudes, such as the magnetic declination that varied around 0.2 degrees along the area of the municipality, which is a considerable value and capable of causing significant changes in directions by compass in the studied region.

A full grid simulation of the head of an Elekta Synergy Platform medical linear accelerator is performed using the Geant4 Monte Carlo platform. The simulation includes all components of the accelerator head and a homogeneous water phantom. Results in terms of depth doses and lateral dose profiles are presented for 6 MV photon beam with the 10x10 cm2 reference field size at 100 cm distance from the source. Overall, a good agreement with the measured dose data is achieved with a precision better than 0.93% and 2.63% for the depth dose profile and lateral dose profiles respectively.

This paper discusses an intercomparison campaign performed in the mixed radiation field at the CERN-EU (CERF) reference field facility. Various instruments were employed: conventional and extended-range rem counters including a novel instrument called LUPIN, a bubble detector using an active counting system (ABC 1260) and two tissue-equivalent proportional counters (TEPCs). The results show that the extended range instruments agree well within their uncertainties and within 1σ with the H*(10) FLUKA value. The conventional rem counters are in good agreement within their uncertainties and underestimate H*(10) as measured by the extended range instruments and as predicted by FLUKA. The TEPCs slightly overestimate the FLUKA value but they are anyhow consistent with it when taking the comparatively large total uncertainties into account, and indicate that the non-neutron part of the stray field accounts for ∼30 % of the total H*(10).

A new development of a linear accelerator machine has been installed in Indonesia for the first time. There is no dosimetric protocol specifically discussing the measurement of absorbed dose to water in the Halcyon linac. But, few global dosimetric protocols determine the measurement of absorbed dose for linac machine which at the same substance. This paper describes the measurement of the dosimetry parameter for a 6 MV flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam produced from a new model Varian Halcyon linac using IAEA TRS No. 483 protocols. The measurement data presented in this paper were primary data obtained after the machine was installed at the hospital and secondary data from Varian bunker before the machine was sent to Indonesia. Measurement has been performed using 0.016 cm3 model Pinpoint 3D and 0.6 cm3 model TW30013 ionization chambers. Measurement of percentage depth dose and absorbed dose to water calculation was based on IAEA TRS No. 483. The measurement of percentage depth dose was done also using 1 mm lead foil (Pb). The result obtained shows that the percentage dose at maximum depth, Dmax was in a good agreement with the manufacture specification with deviation 0.3 %, while the absorbed dose to water rate for the machine-specific reference field of the Varian Halcyon was in a good agreement within ±0.05 % against 1 cGy = 1 MU after calibration. The measurement of the absorbed dose rate to water can be done using IAEA TRS No. 483. The determination of the value of the radiation quality factor (kQ) of the photon beam using two methods from the IAEA dosimetry protocol TRS-483 (TPR20,10) and TRS-483 %dd(10,10))x get a good match.

Summary In 2012-2015, on the Norwegian shelf, a marine electromagnetic sounding surveys were carried out using the differential-normalized electro prospecting method (DNME) with length of several thousand kilometers. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed in reference fields such as Troll. More than 20 wells were drilled, a significant part of forecasts was confirmed. However, new deposits were later discovered at the survey sites, which anomalies had not previously distinguished according to the inversion data. The fact of lack of anomalous effects made us look at the results of the shooting of those years in a new way. For one of the survey lines crossing the reference field, the following results are presented: a multivariate statistical analysis applied to the reprocessed data; one-dimensional inversion of transients simultaneously with the apparent resistivity curve with a more detailed step; inversion within the 2.5D model. The research carried out shows that at the first stage, it is advisable to highlight the area of most significant interest based on the result of multivariate statistical analysis. The results of the multivariate statistical analysis do not contradict the results of 2D modeling.

DEM is needed for monitoring peatland dynamics. Currently, available free DEMs have low vertical accuracy and are not up to date. Commercial DEMs have high resolution but is expensive. DEM Pleiades is an example of a commercial DEM. One solution to overcome this problem is to use the latest DTM, which has the advantage of being up to date. This study aims to compare the vertical accuracy of the latest DTM with DEM Pleiades on peatlands. The study area is located on the peatlands of the “Palangkaraya-Pulang Pisau” border. This region has relatively flat topography. The latest DTM is extracted from a combination of InSAR ALOS PALSAR/PALSAR-2 and DInSAR Sentinel. The latest DTM is the integration of the DTM master with the latest displacement. The vertical accuracy of the latest DTM needs to be tested on the DEM Pleiades data with a spatial resolution of 0.5 m and field measurement data using GNSS. DEM Pleiades, the latest DTM, and field measurements using the EGM 2008 for the height reference field. The height data on the DEM Pleiades and the latest DTM were extracted and adjusted for 15 field measurement points. The result obtained is the mean height differences between DEM Pleiades and the latest DTM which is ammounting 0.923 m. The mean height differences between DEM Pleaides and field measurements is 0.557 m. The mean height differences between the latest DTM and field measurements is 0.705 m. Furthermore, a longitudinal profile is made according to 15 field measurement points on the DEM Pleiades and the latest DTM. The results obtained are that DEM Pleiades still has more height errors than the latest DTM. The latest DTM can be an alternative to DEM Pleaides for peatlands mapping with relatively flat topography.

This study aimed to determine variations in tomotherapy beam outputs at multiple institutions. Measurements were obtained at 22 radiotherapy institutions. The first parameter was the absolute dose to water (Dfmsrw, Qmsr) in the machine-specific reference field (fmsr), which indicated a static field in the tomotherapy reference conditions defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) study group. The second measured parameter was the difference between the measured and the planed doses in the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) verification plans, which were created using a solid phantom by the vendor during tomotherapy apparatus installation to adjust the beam output. The IMRT verification plan error at each institution was defined as the systematic error of the beam output; Dfmsrw, Qmsr was subsequently modified. The Dfmsrw, Qmsr values of four institutions with a modified energy fluence per ideal open time (EFIOT) were lower than the values at other institutions. The mean value of all institutions except those four was 0.994 ± 0.013 Gy (range: 0.974 Gy, 1.017 Gy). When the Dfmsrw, Qmsr value was corrected by the IMRT verification error, this variation decreased. In addition, the mean IMRT verification errors in the TomoDirectTM and TomoHelicalTM modes with the TomoEDGETM mode were 1.2% ± 0.8% (range: -0.6%, 1.8%) and 0.2% ± 0.5% (range: -0.6%, 0.9%), respectively (p < 0.05). Those without the TomoEDGE mode were 0.6% ± 1.0% (range: -1.0%, 1.7%) and -0.7% ± 0.7% (range: -2.3%, 0.4%), respectively (p < 0.001). The variations in tomotherapy beam output across multiple facilities were very low, except at facilities where the EFIOT was modified. The beam output was affected by the mode (e.g., TomoHelical), and it would be recommended to investigate the difference of the beam output due to differences in the mode in order to equalize the beam output.

In the recent work of Liu and Minnett (2016), we estimated the sampling errors in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Sea-Surface Temperatures (SSTs) due to clouds and other causes, and characterized the global error dependence on the variability of clouds and SST. Here we report sampling error sensitivity to the choice of reference field and the error variation when data from a different year are used. We also developed an empirical model to parameterize sampling errors. Our sensitivity tests show that the sampling error quantification method developed is robust and can reveal the consequences of missing infrared SST observations primarily due to clouds. Since the previously found pronounced negative sampling errors along the Tropical Instability Waves are largely dependent on the SST gradients, here these regional sampling errors are quantified using data from an El Nino year, confirming that the weakened meridional SST gradient due to El Nino can reduce the negative sampling errors. Furthermore, the climatology-derived sampling errors are found to be a primary component that can be utilized to estimate and parameterize the sampling errors, especially for the spatial sampling errors. For the temporal sampling errors, good estimates are obtained especially in the high latitudes and stratocumulus regions, by incorporating an empirical model proposed in this study and the previously found sampling error dependence.

The present work is a compilation of two tasks within the frame of the project “Geomagnetic Survey & Detailed Geomagnetic Measurements within the Egyptian Territory” funded by the “Science and Technology Development Fund agency (STDF)”. The National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), has conducted a new extensive land geomagnetic survey that covers the whole Egyptian territory. The field measurements have been done at 3212 points along all the asphalted roads, defined tracks, and ill-defined tracks in Egypt; with total length of 11,586 km. In the present work, the measurements cover for the first time new areas as: the southern eastern borders of Egypt including Halayeb and Shlatin, the Quattara depresion in the western desert, and the new roads between Farafra and Baharia oasis. Also marine geomagnetic survey have been applied for the first time in Naser lake. Misallat and Abu-Simble geomagnetic observatories have been used to reduce the field data to the Epoch 2010. During the field measurements, whenever possible, the old stations occupied by the previous observers have been re-occupied to determine the secular variations at these points. The geomagnetic anomaly maps, the normal geomagnetic field maps with their corresponding secular variation maps, the normal geomagnetic field equations of the geomagnetic elements (EGRF) and their corresponding secular variations equations, are outlined. The anomalous sites, as discovered from the anomaly maps are, only, mentioned. In addition, a correlation between the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 2010.0 and the Egyptian Geomagnetic Reference Field (EGRF) 2010 is indicated.

X International Symposium on Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management., In olive, both discontinuous canopy (open vase configuration) and continuous canopy (hedgerow) systems are used in commercial planting. Reliable and cost effective plant architecture characterization is necessary to test the suitability of cultivars to specific growing systems, particularly in olive breeding programs where a large number of genotypes must be evaluated. In this work, the performance of a method for the estimation of olive tree height and crow diameter based on low cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery was evaluated. Selections from breeding programs cultivated either on discontinuous or continuous canopy cropping systems were used for developing the models. Averaged data by genotypes showed significant linear fits between reference field measurements and remote sensing estimation of crown parameters with R2 values of 0.89 for height estimation in hedgerow plantations, 0.66 and 0.53 for crown diameter in discontinuous canopy and continuous hedgerows respectively, but only 0.14 between measured and estimated height in discontinuous canopy genotypes. These results indicate that low cost UAV imagery could be used for evaluating olive tree crown parameters (tree height and crown diameter) in olive breeding programs, providing accurate enough results for selection of genotypes.

This work investigated the absorbed dose to water rate under reference conditions in a Cyberknife VSI system using radiochromic films EBT3 and MD-V3 and three ionization chambers: an Exradin A12 and two FC65P Welhofer Scanditronix with different serial numbers. The correction factor,, was studied using a Varian iX linac and the Cyberknife system. The measurements in the Varian iX were performed in a 10 × 10 cm2 field, 10 cm depth in liquid water at 90 cm and 70 cm SSD and in a 5.4 × 5.4 cm2 field, 10 cm depth at 70 cm SSD to simulate the Cyberknife conditions. In the Cyberknife system, measurements were performed using ionization chambers and both film types at 70 cm SSD and 10 cm depth in its 6 cm diameter reference field. The results indicate that is independent of the dosimeters and the evaluation methods. Maximum differences of 0.22% - 0.55% (combined uncertainties of 1.22% - 1.98%, k = 1) are obtained on using Varian iX, whereas discrepancies of 2.08% - 2.09% (combined uncertainties of 1.87% - 2.13%, k = 1) are observed using the Cyberknife system. Given the agreement between detectors and the combined standard uncertainties, the data from Varian iX could be considered the most accurate and consequently a weighted average factor of 0.902 ± 0.006 could be used for the Cyberknife VSI system reference field. Within measurement uncertainties, the absorbed dose rate measured in the Cyberknife VSI system reference field was found to be independent of the dosimeters used. These results suggest that the absorbed dose measured at a point within a given field size should be the same, regardless the dosimeter used, if their dosimetric characteristics are well known. This highlighted the importance of performing dosimetry by controlling all parameters that could affect the dosimeter response. One can conclude that radiochromic film dosimetry can be considered as an appropriate alternative for measuring absorbed dose to water rate.

Radiated immunity measurements are commonly performed by using field uniformity at 3 m in laboratories in anechoic chambers in accordance with the standard IEC61000-4-3. However, the test of Equipment Under Test (EUT) sometimes cannot be carried out in laboratories due to several restrictions. In case of EUT with large dimensions, high power consumptions and/or auxiliary devices which are attached to the EUT, it is not possible to use laboratory facilities during tests. As a consequence, on-site radiated immunity tests are required in industry. On the other hand, radiated immunity tests and establishment of a field uniformity with 16-points have many challenges in industry and almost impossible in industrial environments due to uncontrolled reflections and narrow testing environment, for that reason alternative EMC test methods at standard or non-standard distances become unavoidable in industry. In this research, we have experimentally investigated different radiated immunity test methods commonly used in industry at standard or non-standard distances and compared them with the reference field uniformity method applied at 3 m, finally proposed the most acceptable solution for industrial environments.

Modes of air transportation are also an option for making Hajj and Umrah trips in Indonesia. At this time the Supadio International Airport is extending the runway which was originally 2250 meters to 2600 meters. So, it is expected to be able to operate A330-300 aircraft for Hajj and Umrah flights. The method used in this research uses the calculation of ARFL (Aerodrome Reference Field Length), ACN-PCN (Aircraft Classification Number-Pavement Classification Number), runway width analysis and runway strips analysis From the results of research and analysis conducted with the runway extension of 2600m × 45m with runway shoulders 2m and PCN number 51/F/D/X/T A330-300 aircraft cannot operate at Supadio International Airport. So, that the runway development needs to be developed to 3097m × 45m with runway shoulders 7,5m and PCN number of 89/F/D/X/T. So, that A330- 300 aircraft can operate for Hajj flights in Pontianak

TrueBeam STx latest generation linear accelerators (linacs) installed at Sheikh Khalifa International University Hospital in Casablanca, Morocco. The aim of this is to present and compare the result of the Electron commissioning measurement on TrueBeam Stx and clinac iX installed at Sheikh Khalifa International University Hospital in Casablanca, Morocco. A compariaon of eMC calculations and measurements for TrueBeam Stx were evaluated. Dosimetric parameters are systematically measured using a large water phantom 3D scanning system MP3 Water Phantom (PTW, Freiburg, Germany). The data of the electron beams commissioning including depth dose curves for each applicator, depth dose curves without applicator and the profile in air for a large field size 40x 40cm2, and the Absolute Dose (cGy/MU) for each applicator. All the data were examined and compared for five electron beams (E6MeV, E9MeV, E12MeV, E16MeV and E20MeV) of Varian’s TrueBeam STx and Clinac iX machines. A comparison, between measurement PDDs and calculated by the Eclipse electron Monte Carlo (eMC) algorithm were performed to validate Truebeam Stx commissioning. All this measurements were performed with a Roos and Markus plane parallel chamber. Our measured data indicated that electron beam PDDs from the TrueBeam Stx machine are well matched to those from our Varian Clinac iX machine. Significant differences between TrueBeam and Clinac iX were found in in‐air profiles and open field output. Maximum depth dose for the TrueBeam Stx and Clinac iX for the following energies (6, 9, 12, 16, 20 MeV) are respectively (1.15; 1.89; 2.6; 3.1; and 2.35) and (1.24; 1.95; 2.70; 2.99 and 2.4cm). For the TrueBeam Stx and Clinac iX the quality index R50 for applicator 15x15 cm2 are in the tolerance intervals. Surface dose increases by increasing energy for both machines. The Absolute Dose (cGy/MU) calibrated for both machine in Dmax at 1cGy/MU for the reference field size cone 15x15 cm2. Bremsstrahlung tail Rp per energy levels as follows for the TrueBeam Stx : 6 MeV – 2.85 cm, 9 MeV – 4.28 cm, 12 MeV – 5.97 cm, 16 MeV – 7.88 cm and 20 MeV – 9.86 cm. and for the Clinac iX : 6 MeV – 2.86 cm, 9 MeV – 4.32 cm, 12 MeV – 5.96 cm, 16 MeV – 7.93 cm and 20 MeV – 10.08 cm. A good agreement between modeled and measured data is observed.

Ensemble-based methods have been researched for reservoir characterization in petroleum engineering. Using observed data, ensemble members are assimilated to production data and then we can get reasonable uncertainty ranges for future performances from multiple models. However, these methods require hundreds of ensemble members for reliable future predictions. If a reservoir becomes heterogeneous, more ensemble members are needed for stable results. This paper proposes an improved sampling scheme for efficient simulation of Ensemble Smoother (ES). For principal components analysis using singular value decomposition (SVD), we select singular values preserving the original spectrum of the values. To verify the sampling scheme, we apply 2D fields. The qualities of ES results are compared for 3 cases with 400 ensembles, randomly chosen 100 ensembles, and 100 ensembles selected by the proposed method. The results are also checked with conventional sampling scheme of picking the largest singular values. By using randomly chosen 100 ensembles, it shows overshooting problem and provides poor future performances. For the conventional sampling scheme of adopting the largest singular values, it has a potential of biased results as the reference field is complex and heterogeneous. However, our proposed method using 100 ensembles represents as large spectrum as using all 400 ensembles. It also reduces overshooting problem and improves the quality of future reservoir performances. Through ES with the improved sampling scheme, it ensures efficient and reliable reservoir characterization for history matching.

The CERN-EU high-energy Reference Field (CERF) facility provides an almost unique high-energy workplace radiation field for calibrating and testing radiation protection instrumentation employed at high-energy accelerators and for aircraft and space dosimetry. For the available exposure locations, this work provides the particle fluences of the various components of the radiation field, and a new set of reference values for the currently used operational quantities, i.e. ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), and personal dose equivalent Hp(10), as well as for the newly proposed ICRU/ICRP quantities ambient dose, H*, and personal dose, Hp, that may be adopted in the future for radiation protection. Particle spectra and radiological quantities were computed with the latest versions of the FLUKA code and benchmarked against experimental data taken with one of the reference instruments used at the facility.