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In the United States, more than 70 million students are enrolled in public elementary and secondary (K-12) schools or degree-granting postsecondary institutions. School and campus safety and security for these students encompasses many issues, including violence prevention and response, school climate, and the physical and mental health of the school community. Students' safety and security while in school is an area of concern for the federal government and state and local governments, as well as school districts, institutions of higher education, students' families, and Members of Congress. This report provides an overview of grant programs at the U.S. Department of Education (ED), U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that provide direct or indirect funding for school and campus safety and security initiatives. The report also provides an overview of programs and initiatives administered by these departments that support school safety and security efforts in other ways, such as through data collection and reporting and technical assistance.

In the United States, more than 70 million students are enrolled in public elementary and secondary (K-12) schools or degree-granting postsecondary institutions. School and campus safety and security for these students encompasses many issues, including violence prevention and response, school climate, and the physical and mental health of the school community. Students' safety and security while in school is a paramount concern of the federal government and state and local governments, as well as school districts, institutions of higher education, students' families, and Members of Congress. The federal government's main avenue for supporting schools in general and school and campus safety specifically is through grant programs. This report provides an overview of grant programs at the U.S. Department of Education (ED), U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that provide direct or indirect funding for school and campus safety and security initiatives. The report also provides an overview of programs and initiatives administered by these departments that support school safety and security efforts in other ways, such as through data collection and reporting and technical assistance.

Updated September 24, 2024 Introduction Report Organization Programs with an Explicit School Safety or Security Purpose Grant Programs Student Support and Academic Enrichment (SSAE) Grants National Activities for School Safety [...]

Updated February 13, 2023 Paper money has officially been part of United States currency since the Continental Congress authorized a $2 note in June 1776. These first notes were designed [...]

The article focuses on the U.S. Secret Service's (USSS) protection mission, its funding, and staffing over time. Topics include the USSS's statutory responsibilities for protecting key government officials and facilities, the expansion of its protective duties through legislative actions, and the breakdown of funding and staffing related to protection-specific operations and National Special Security Events (NSSEs).

The article focuses on the evolving landscape of security for federal officials and judges in the U.S., including their protection and associated funding. Topics include the increasing threats against political figures and judicial officials, the current state and challenges of personal protective details (PPD), and the need for updated congressional oversight on these security measures.

The article presents information on protection of U.S. presidential candidates before and after the party nominating conventions. Topics discussed include the appointment of the U.S. Secret Service for the protection of presidential candidates, the assassination of presidential candidates in the U.S., and funding for security costs incurred by the government for hosting such conventions.

January 23, 2020 Paper money has officially been part of United States currency since the Continental Congress authorized a $2 note in June 1776. These first notes were designed as [...]

Updated November 26, 2019 In 2001, in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 'homeland security' went from being a concept discussed among a relatively small cadre of [...]

Updated September 6, 2019 Introduction On September 6, Hurricane Dorian made landfall as a category 1 storm at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. This Insight provides a brief overview of emergency [...]

Updated November 19, 2018 Introduction This Insight provides a brief overview of the major disaster declaration issued for the ongoing wildfires in California. It also provides links to selected CRS [...]

May 9, 2018 Introduction Congressional interest in K-12 public school security has increased following a number of recent school shootings. Even though public school security is primarily a state and [...]

Updated June 2, 2015 Contents Major Legislative Actions March 4-11, 2014--President's FY2015 Budget Request Submitted June 11, 2014--House Appropriations Committee Approves H.R. 4903 June 26, 2014--Senate Appropriations Committee Approves S. [...]

Updated May 19, 2015 Contents What Is Homeland Security? Homeland Security: Missions and Strategy The Budget and Security DHS Appropriations Homeland Security and the U.S. Intelligence Community Selected IC Issues [...]

Electric probes, quantitative imaging, and emission spectroscopy were used to study the plume characteristics of applied field magnetohydrodynamic thrusters. The measurements showed that the applied magnetic field plays the dominant role in establishing the plume structure, followed in importance by the cathode geometry and propellant. The anode radius had no measurable impact on the plume characteristics. For all cases studied the plume was highly ionized, though spectral lines of neutral species were always present. Centerline electron densities and temperatures ranged from 2 times 10 (exp 18) to 8 times 10 (exp 18) m(exp -3) and from 7500 to 20,000 K, respectively. The plume was strongly confined by the magnetic field, with radial density gradients increasing monotonically with applied field strength. Plasma potential measurements show a strong effect of the magnetic field on the electrical conductivity and indicate the presence of radial current conduction in the plume.

In June 2014, The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) reported the second iteration of the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR) to Congress. The QHSR is a 'comprehensive examination of the [...]

June 18, 2014 Summary The U.S. Secret Service has two missions--criminal investigations and protection. Criminal investigation activities have expanded since the inception of the Service from a small anticounterfeiting operation [...]

The article discusses the state of national readiness of the U.S. government in responding to pandemics like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other emergencies as of February 2021. Other topics include the 2011 Presidential Policy Directive 8 by former President Barack Obama to establish the Preparedness Goal, System and Report as a framework for organizing preparedness activities, and the National Preparedness System developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

The article presents some frequently asked questions about federal building and facility security in the U.S. Other topics include the January 6, 2021 Capitol breach, the responsibility of the federal government to secure all buildings and facilities in the country, and the proposed minimum security standards for federal facilities by the Marshals Service (USMS) in 1995.

The article reports that Department of Homeland Security (DHS), as National Special Security Events (NSSE) designated the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) as the lead federal agency responsible for coordinating, planning, exercising, and implementing security for NSSEs. It mentions inauguration of President-elect Joseph R. Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala D. Harris has been designated an NSSE. It also mentions joint session of Congress that met at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021.

January 8, 2013 Summary Ten years after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the U.S. government does not have a single definition for 'homeland security.' Currently, different strategic documents and [...]