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The application of micronutrients and plant growth regulators has a greater impact on enhancing plant productive efficiency by altering various aspects of horticultural attributes like a biometric response, fruiting potential, and qualitative parameters. All metabolic and cellular processes of fruit crops are influenced by micronutrients. The role of boron and zinc are well-known for nitrogen metabolism, cell division, and hormonal regulation which ultimately end with proliferation in flowering and fruiting by increasing fruit set and reducing fruit drop. The role of plant growth regulators (PGR) in plants in changing or normalizing the physiological cycle to create better plant health is well known. Hence, the combination of both these growth-promoting substances (micronutrients and PGR) in an optimum amount can positively and significantly influence the physiological activities of the plant. However, the literature regarding the combined effect of micronutrients and PGR on fruit crops is very limited. So this review paper focuses on the combined effect of these plant bio-stimulants, showcasing their remarkable role in fruit production.

The paper intends to deal with the plight of Dalits and their miserable condition in Jai Prakash Kardam's Hindi novel Chappar first published in 1994. The book highlights the social disparity and discrimination faced by Dalits, whether rural or urban. The still existing feudalism in Indian villages compels Dalits to abide by social norms framed in the interest of the landlords, Brahmins or the dominants. The entrenched caste system deprives Dalits to access educational institutes. They are denied even to touch scriptures as they have been reserved for upper castes only. The novel also exposes the cruel treatment of powerful, bureaucrats, policemen and politicians toward Dalits. The Ambedkarite ideology ignites the radical minds of Dalit youths in setting out a movement of liberation and emancipation which is the base of the book. 'Dalit women', the phrase narrates endless horrible incidents in the lives of Dalit women as they are raped, gang-raped, harassed, humiliated, abandoned or even forced to commit suicide or live a life of curse in their own land. The author has raised all these serious issues confronted by Dalits in a small village setting along with various other social problems in urban areas. The present paper attempts to explore the horrible narratives, incidents and challenges through the extensive reading of the characters and their actions. How they achieve their target of egalitarian society? Who and what are the forces behind the struggle against the dominants besides the community? Do the Dalit women accept their fate of curse passively or dare to challenge the self-proclaimed authorities?

Objective : Gamma radiation induces free radicals with a corresponding alteration in the cell’s antioxidant defense system. The present study thus aimed at determining the role of gamma irradiation in improving the cosmeceutical potential of CEK in terms of antioxidants. Methods : C.emersonii KJ725233 was subjected to low (100 Gy) and high (1000 Gy) gamma irradiation doses and its effect on the chlorophyll content was evaluated. The quantitative alterations in the antioxidant content of CEK were evaluated by phosphomolybdenum assay (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2, 2 - Dipheny-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Also, the corresponding qualitative alterations in the bioactives of CEK were determined by GC-HRMS analysis. Results : A 179.57±2.55% increase in the total chlorophyll content alongwith a 71.76±2.96%, 32.08±2.16%, 11.67±0.89%, 42.85±8.0% and 31.37±3.18% increase was observed in the TAC, FRAP, DPPH radical scavenging, TPC and TFC was observed in CEK irradiated at 1000 Gy. GC-HRMS analysis revealed the induction of Vitamin E on irradiation at both the doses with a corresponding decrease in the phytol content whereas 100 Gy stimulated the induction of phytosterols. Conclusion : The potent intrinsic antioxidant activity of cosmeceutically significant CEK can be elevated with the induction of the most sought after antioxidant in cosmetology – Vitamin E on irradiation.

Arundhati Roy is a worldwide renowned writer activist. Roy dedicates her writingstopromote the equalityof all.She demonstrates exceptional consciousness of the social evils andunderstandingof the problems. She is concerned with contemporary socio-political matters and by highlighting the age-old torments of the helpless women, Roy condemns the deep-rooted social systems of exploitation.Herwritings focus on the subjugation andmaltreatment of Indianwomen folk, specificallycustomary decrees inflictedon women. This paper intends to unveil the subtle process of subjugation and gender differentiation in an orthodox, male-centred familial and societal setup where females have a relegatedrole and are dispossessed of elementaryrights. The dream of Arundhati Roy is to change the world by raising a voice against the prevailing injustice, discrimination andconvention of the society which effort to marginalise women into nothingness, overpower and control their identity in a boundary. The yelp for independence and emancipation by the women can berealised in the novels of Arundhati Roy. Being socially committed, Roy aims to scratch the readers’ conscience and enflame them to contemplate on nation’s social evils and discrimination so that it may lead to the amelioration of the society. The paper willenable the readers to perceive the intention of the fictionist ineliminating the social evil andchange the status and image of the Indian woman. A qualitative research methodology has been employed to analyse and accumulate the germane data employingthe textual analysis method. For this analytical research, the fictions written by Arundhati Roy viz, “The God of Small Things” (1997) and “The Ministry of Utmost Happiness” (2017) have been read and analysed. &nbsp

Since the appearance of the World Wide Web, there has been a significant change in the way we share information. People can express themselves on the web through many mediums. Examples of such mediums are Blogs, wikis, forums and social networks, where in these platforms being mentioned, people are able to exercise posting and sharing of opinions, thereby leading to the need for research in sentiment analysis. This paper contributes to the field of Sentiment Analysis of electoral prediction using Twitter, which aims to extract opinions from text using machine learning classifiers such as Naive Bayes, Max Entropy and SVM. The problem statement for this research is the classification of textual information as whether it bears positive sentiment or negative sentiment. Our research focuses on a novel data pre-processing method which enhances the performance of different supervised algorithms. With our method, the accuracy of Naive Bayes was enhanced to 89.78% (hybrid), Maximum Entropy was enhanced to 87% (hybrid), SVM was enhanced to 91% (unigram), and ensembling of Naive Bayes and SVM was enhanced to 95.3% (bigram).

Microalgae are promising species with high potential for biodiesel production. Large-scale cultivation of oleaginous microalgae in industrial effluents and municipal wastewater provides dual benefits of biodiesel production and wastewater treatment. Such approach to biodiesel production does not interfere with conventional agricultural resources and practices. Microalgae can accumulate lipid under various stress conditions. In this study, gamma irradiation was used for the first time as a stressor to trigger lipid accumulation in two strains of Chlorella sorokiniana. Gamma irradiation enhanced the lipid content of more than 40% of biomass. Intracellular reactive oxygen species generated by gamma ray exposure was measured by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining under flow cytometry. Cytoplasmic lipid droplets were observed by Nile red staining using fluorescence microscopy. Expression patterns of regulatory genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, namely acetyl-CoA carboxylase and diacylglycerol acyl transferase, were upregulated immediately after irradiation and were highest 3 days post irradiation. This novel strategy of using gamma radiation as a faster and extremely potent stressor for triggering lipid biosynthesis in microalgae has immense potential in industrial biodiesel production.

Preventing maternal death associated with pregnancy and child birth is one of the greatest challenges for India. Approximately 55,000 women die in India due to pregnancy- and childbirth- related conditions each year. Increasing the coverage of maternal and newborn interventions is essential if Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 4 and 5 are to be reached. With a view to accelerate the reduction in maternal and neonatal mortality through institutional deliveries, Government of India initiated a scheme in 2005 called Janani Suraksha Yojna (JSY) under its National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). In Jharkhand the scheme is called the Mukhya Mantri Janani Shishu Swasthya Abhiyan (MMJSSA). This paper focuses on community perspectives, for indentifying key areas that require improvement for proper implementation of the MMJSSA in Jharkhand. Qualitative research method was used to collect data through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) in six districts of Jharkhand- Gumla, West Singhbhum, Koderma, Deoghar, Garhwa, and Ranchi. Total 300 IDIs (24 IDIs each from mother given birth at home and institution respectively; two IDIs each with members of Village Health and Sanitation Committees (VHSC) / Rogi Kalyan Samitis (RKS) from each district) and 24 FGDs (four FGDs were conducted from pools of husbands, mothers-in-law and fathers-in-law in each district) were conducted. Although people indicated willingness for institutional deliveries (generally perceived to be safe deliveries), several barriers emerged as critical obstacles. These included poor infrastructure, lack of quality of care, difficulties while availing incentives, corruption in disbursement of incentives, behavior of the healthcare personnel and lack of information about MMJSSA. Poor (and expensive) transport facilities and difficult terrain made geographical access difficult. The level of utilization of maternal healthcare among women in Jharkhand is low. There was an overwhelming demand for energizing sub-centers (including for deliveries) in order to increase access to maternal and child health services. Having second ANMs will go a long way in achieving this end. The MMJSSA scheme will thus have to re-invent itself within the overall framework of the NRHM.