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5. Behavioral estimates of mating success corroborate genetic evidence for pre-copulatory selection.

Author

Bhave, Rachana S, Seears, Heidi A, Reedy, Aaron M, Wittman, Tyler N, Robinson, Christopher D, and Cox, Robert M

Subjects
SEXUAL selection, BIOLOGICAL fitness, BODY size, BEHAVIORAL assessment, ANOLES
Abstract

In promiscuous species, fitness estimates obtained from genetic parentage may often reflect both pre- and post-copulatory components of sexual selection. Directly observing copulations can help isolate the role of pre-copulatory selection, but such behavioral data are difficult to obtain in the wild and may also overlook post-copulatory factors that alter the relationship between mating success and reproductive success. To overcome these limitations, we combined genetic parentage analysis with behavioral estimates of size-specific mating in a wild population of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei). Males of this species are twice as large as females and multiple mating among females is common, suggesting the scope for both pre- and post-copulatory processes to shape sexual selection on male body size. Our genetic estimates of reproductive success revealed strong positive directional selection for male size, which was also strongly associated with the number of mates inferred from parentage. In contrast, a male's size was not associated with the fecundity of his mates or his competitive fertilization success. By simultaneously tracking copulations in the wild via the transfer of colored powder to females by males from different size quartiles, we independently confirmed that large males were more likely to mate than small males. We conclude that body size is primarily under pre-copulatory sexual selection in brown anoles, and that post-copulatory processes do not substantially alter the strength of this selection. Our study also illustrates the utility of combining both behavioral and genetic methods to estimate mating success to disentangle pre- and post-copulatory processes in promiscuous species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity

Author

Reinke, Beth A., primary, Cayuela, Hugo, additional, Janzen, Fredric J., additional, Lemaître, Jean-François, additional, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, additional, Lawing, A. Michelle, additional, Iverson, John B., additional, Christiansen, Ditte G., additional, Martínez-Solano, Iñigo, additional, Sánchez-Montes, Gregorio, additional, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Jorge, additional, Rose, Francis L., additional, Nelson, Nicola, additional, Keall, Susan, additional, Crivelli, Alain J., additional, Nazirides, Theodoros, additional, Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret, additional, Henle, Klaus, additional, Mori, Emiliano, additional, Guiller, Gaëtan, additional, Homan, Rebecca, additional, Olivier, Anthony, additional, Muths, Erin, additional, Hossack, Blake R., additional, Bonnet, Xavier, additional, Pilliod, David S., additional, Lettink, Marieke, additional, Whitaker, Tony, additional, Schmidt, Benedikt R., additional, Gardner, Michael G., additional, Cheylan, Marc, additional, Poitevin, Françoise, additional, Golubović, Ana, additional, Tomović, Ljiljana, additional, Arsovski, Dragan, additional, Griffiths, Richard A., additional, Arntzen, Jan W., additional, Baron, Jean-Pierre, additional, Le Galliard, Jean-François, additional, Tully, Thomas, additional, Luiselli, Luca, additional, Capula, Massimo, additional, Rugiero, Lorenzo, additional, McCaffery, Rebecca, additional, Eby, Lisa A., additional, Briggs-Gonzalez, Venetia, additional, Mazzotti, Frank, additional, Pearson, David, additional, Lambert, Brad A., additional, Green, David M., additional, Jreidini, Nathalie, additional, Angelini, Claudio, additional, Pyke, Graham, additional, Thirion, Jean-Marc, additional, Joly, Pierre, additional, Léna, Jean-Paul, additional, Tucker, Anton D., additional, Limpus, Col, additional, Priol, Pauline, additional, Besnard, Aurélien, additional, Bernard, Pauline, additional, Stanford, Kristin, additional, King, Richard, additional, Garwood, Justin, additional, Bosch, Jaime, additional, Souza, Franco L., additional, Bertoluci, Jaime, additional, Famelli, Shirley, additional, Grossenbacher, Kurt, additional, Lenzi, Omar, additional, Matthews, Kathleen, additional, Boitaud, Sylvain, additional, Olson, Deanna H., additional, Jessop, Tim S., additional, Gillespie, Graeme R., additional, Clobert, Jean, additional, Richard, Murielle, additional, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, additional, Fellers, Gary M., additional, Kleeman, Patrick M., additional, Halstead, Brian J., additional, Grant, Evan H. Campbell, additional, Byrne, Phillip G., additional, Frétey, Thierry, additional, Le Garff, Bernard, additional, Levionnois, Pauline, additional, Maerz, John C., additional, Pichenot, Julian, additional, Olgun, Kurtuluş, additional, Üzüm, Nazan, additional, Avcı, Aziz, additional, Miaud, Claude, additional, Elmberg, Johan, additional, Brown, Gregory P., additional, Shine, Richard, additional, Bendik, Nathan F., additional, O’Donnell, Lisa, additional, Davis, Courtney L., additional, Lannoo, Michael J., additional, Stiles, Rochelle M., additional, Cox, Robert M., additional, Reedy, Aaron M., additional, Warner, Daniel A., additional, Bonnaire, Eric, additional, Grayson, Kristine, additional, Ramos-Targarona, Roberto, additional, Baskale, Eyup, additional, Muñoz, David, additional, Measey, John, additional, de Villiers, F. Andre, additional, Selman, Will, additional, Ronget, Victor, additional, Bronikowski, Anne M., additional, and Miller, David A. W., additional

Published
2022
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11. Propagule size and sex ratio influence colonisation dynamics after introduction of a non-native lizard

Author

Fargevieille, Amélie, Reedy, Aaron M., Kahrl, Ariel F., Mitchell, Timothy S., Durso, Andrew M., Delaney, David M., Pearson, Phillip R., Cox, Robert M., Warner, Daniel A., Fargevieille, Amélie, Reedy, Aaron M., Kahrl, Ariel F., Mitchell, Timothy S., Durso, Andrew M., Delaney, David M., Pearson, Phillip R., Cox, Robert M., and Warner, Daniel A.

Abstract

The composition of founding populations plays an important role in colonisation dynamics and can influence population growth during early stages of biological invasion. Specifically, founding populations with small propagules (i.e. low number of founders) are vulnerable to the Allee effect and have reduced likelihood of establishment compared to those with large propagules. The founding sex ratio can also impact establishment via its influence on mating success and offspring production. Our goal was to test the effects of propagule size and sex ratio on offspring production and annual population growth following introductions of a non-native lizard species (Anolis sagrei). We manipulated propagule composition on nine small islands, then examined offspring production, population growth and survival rate of founders and their descendants encompassing three generations. By the third reproductive season, per capita offspring production was higher on islands seeded with a relatively large propagule size, but population growth was not associated with propagule size. Propagule sex ratio did not affect offspring production, but populations with a female-biased propagule had positive growth, whereas those with a male-biased propagule had negative growth in the first year. Populations were not affected by propagule sex ratio in subsequent years, possibly due to rapid shifts towards balanced (or slightly female biased) population sex ratios. Overall, we show that different components of population fitness have different responses to propagule size and sex ratio in ways that could affect early stages of biological invasion. Despite these effects, the short life span and high fecundity of A. sagrei likely helped small populations to overcome Allee effects and enabled all populations to successfully establish. Our rare experimental manipulation of propagule size and sex ratio can inform predictions of colonisation dynamics in response to different compositions of founding populat

Published
2022
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12. Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity

Author

Reinke, Beth A., Cayuela, Hugo, Janzen, Fredric J., Lemaître, Jean-François, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Lawing, A. Michelle, Iverson, John B., Christiansen, Ditte G., Martínez-Solano, Iñigo, Sánchez-Montes, Gregorio, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Jorge, Rose, Francis L., Nelson, Nicola, Keall, Susan, Crivelli, Alain J., Nazirides, Theodoros, Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret, Henle, Klaus, Mori, Emiliano, Guiller, Gaëtan, Homan, Rebecca, Olivier, Anthony, Muths, Erin, Hossack, Blake R., Bonnet, Xavier, Pilliod, David S., Lettink, Marieke, Whitaker, Tony, Schmidt, Benedikt R., Gardner, Michael G., Cheylan, Marc, Poitevin, Françoise, Golubović, Ana, Tomović, Ljiljana, Arsovski, Dragan, Griffiths, Richard A., Arntzen, Jan W., Baron, Jean-Pierre, Le Galliard, Jean-François, Tully, Thomas, Luiselli, Luca, Capula, Massimo, Rugiero, Lorenzo, McCaffery, Rebecca, Eby, Lisa A., Briggs-Gonzalez, Venetia, Mazzotti, Frank, Pearson, David, Lambert, Brad A., Green, David M., Jreidini, Nathalie, Angelini, Claudio, Pyke, Graham, Thirion, Jean-Marc, Joly, Pierre, Léna, Jean-Paul, Tucker, Anton D., Limpus, Col, Priol, Pauline, Besnard, Aurélien, Bernard, Pauline, Stanford, Kristin, King, Richard, Garwood, Justin, Bosch, Jaime, Souza, Franco L., Bertoluci, Jaime, Famelli, Shirley, Grossenbacher, Kurt, Lenzi, Omar, Matthews, Kathleen, Boitaud, Sylvain, Olson, Deanna H., Jessop, Tim S., Gillespie, Graeme R., Clobert, Jean, Richard, Murielle, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Fellers, Gary M., Kleeman, Patrick M., Halstead, Brian J., Grant, Evan H. Campbell, Byrne, Phillip G., Frétey, Thierry, Le Garff, Bernard, Levionnois, Pauline, Maerz, John C., Pichenot, Julian, Olgun, Kurtuluş, Üzüm, Nazan, Avcı, Aziz, Miaud, Claude, Elmberg, Johan, Brown, Gregory P., Shine, Richard, Bendik, Nathan F., O’Donnell, Lisa, Davis, Courtney L., Lannoo, Michael J., Stiles, Rochelle M., Cox, Robert M., Reedy, Aaron M., Warner, Daniel A., Bonnaire, Eric, Grayson, Kristine, Ramos-Targarona, Roberto, Baskale, Eyup, Muñoz, David, Measey, John, de Villiers, F. Andre, Selman, Will, Ronget, Victor, Bronikowski, Anne M., Miller, David A. W., Reinke, Beth A., Cayuela, Hugo, Janzen, Fredric J., Lemaître, Jean-François, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Lawing, A. Michelle, Iverson, John B., Christiansen, Ditte G., Martínez-Solano, Iñigo, Sánchez-Montes, Gregorio, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Jorge, Rose, Francis L., Nelson, Nicola, Keall, Susan, Crivelli, Alain J., Nazirides, Theodoros, Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret, Henle, Klaus, Mori, Emiliano, Guiller, Gaëtan, Homan, Rebecca, Olivier, Anthony, Muths, Erin, Hossack, Blake R., Bonnet, Xavier, Pilliod, David S., Lettink, Marieke, Whitaker, Tony, Schmidt, Benedikt R., Gardner, Michael G., Cheylan, Marc, Poitevin, Françoise, Golubović, Ana, Tomović, Ljiljana, Arsovski, Dragan, Griffiths, Richard A., Arntzen, Jan W., Baron, Jean-Pierre, Le Galliard, Jean-François, Tully, Thomas, Luiselli, Luca, Capula, Massimo, Rugiero, Lorenzo, McCaffery, Rebecca, Eby, Lisa A., Briggs-Gonzalez, Venetia, Mazzotti, Frank, Pearson, David, Lambert, Brad A., Green, David M., Jreidini, Nathalie, Angelini, Claudio, Pyke, Graham, Thirion, Jean-Marc, Joly, Pierre, Léna, Jean-Paul, Tucker, Anton D., Limpus, Col, Priol, Pauline, Besnard, Aurélien, Bernard, Pauline, Stanford, Kristin, King, Richard, Garwood, Justin, Bosch, Jaime, Souza, Franco L., Bertoluci, Jaime, Famelli, Shirley, Grossenbacher, Kurt, Lenzi, Omar, Matthews, Kathleen, Boitaud, Sylvain, Olson, Deanna H., Jessop, Tim S., Gillespie, Graeme R., Clobert, Jean, Richard, Murielle, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Fellers, Gary M., Kleeman, Patrick M., Halstead, Brian J., Grant, Evan H. Campbell, Byrne, Phillip G., Frétey, Thierry, Le Garff, Bernard, Levionnois, Pauline, Maerz, John C., Pichenot, Julian, Olgun, Kurtuluş, Üzüm, Nazan, Avcı, Aziz, Miaud, Claude, Elmberg, Johan, Brown, Gregory P., Shine, Richard, Bendik, Nathan F., O’Donnell, Lisa, Davis, Courtney L., Lannoo, Michael J., Stiles, Rochelle M., Cox, Robert M., Reedy, Aaron M., Warner, Daniel A., Bonnaire, Eric, Grayson, Kristine, Ramos-Targarona, Roberto, Baskale, Eyup, Muñoz, David, Measey, John, de Villiers, F. Andre, Selman, Will, Ronget, Victor, Bronikowski, Anne M., and Miller, David A. W.

Abstract

Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging, yet ectothermic tetrapods are under-represented in this comparative landscape despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We provide the first comprehensive study of aging rates and longevity across tetrapod ectotherms in the wild, utilizing data from 107 populations across 77 species of reptiles and amphibians. We tested hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life contribute to aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms displayed a higher diversity of aging rates than endotherms, and included many groups with negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history tactics further explained macroevolutionary patterns of aging. By including ectothermic tetrapods, our comparative analyses enhance our understanding of aging evolution.

Published
2022

15. Selection on Sperm Count, but Not on Sperm Morphology or Velocity, in a Wild Population of Anolis Lizards

Author

Kahrl, Ariel F., Kustra, Matthew C., Reedy, Aaron M., Bhave, Rachana S., Seears, Heidi A., Warner, Daniel A., Cox, Robert M., Kahrl, Ariel F., Kustra, Matthew C., Reedy, Aaron M., Bhave, Rachana S., Seears, Heidi A., Warner, Daniel A., and Cox, Robert M.

Abstract

Sperm competition is a widespread phenomenon that shapes male reproductive success. Ejaculates present many potential targets for postcopulatory selection (e.g., sperm morphology, count, and velocity), which are often highly correlated and potentially subject to complex multivariate selection. Although multivariate selection on ejaculate traits has been observed in laboratory experiments, it is unclear whether selection is similarly complex in wild populations, where individuals mate frequently over longer periods of time. We measured univariate and multivariate selection on sperm morphology, sperm count, and sperm velocity in a wild population of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei). We conducted a mark-recapture study with genetic parentage assignment to estimate individual reproductive success. We found significant negative directional selection and negative quadratic selection on sperm count, but we did not detect directional or quadratic selection on any other sperm traits, nor did we detect correlational selection on any trait combinations. Our results may reflect pressure on males to produce many small ejaculates and mate frequently over a six-month reproductive season. This study is the first to measure multivariate selection on sperm traits in a wild population and provides an interesting contrast to experimental studies of external fertilizers, which have found complex multivariate selection on sperm phenotypes.

Published
2021
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20. Both sexes suffer increased parasitism and reduced energy storage as costs of reproduction in the brown anole, Anolis sagrei.

Author

Reedy, Aaron M., Cox, Christian L., Chung, Albert K., Evans, William J., and Cox, Robert M.

Subjects
*BROWN anole, *PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, *ECTOPARASITES, *LIFE history theory, *CASTRATION, *REPRODUCTION, SEX differences (Biology)
Abstract

Sexual selection theory proposes that males suffer reduced immune function and increased parasitism as costs of expressing sexual signals. Life-history theory proposes that females suffer the same costs because of inherent trade-offs between reproduction and self-maintenance. Mechanistically, each theory invokes an energetic trade-off, although few experiments have directly compared these costs of reproduction between the sexes as a result of fundamental sex differences in the nature of reproductive investment and a tendency for each theory to focus on a single sex. To test whether males and females experience comparable costs of reproduction in terms of energetics, immune function, and parasitism, we used gonadectomy to eliminate most aspects of reproductive investment in wild brown anole lizards ( Anolis sagrei) of both sexes. We compared these nonreproductive males and females with intact, reproductive controls with respect to stored energy (fat bodies), immune function (swelling response to phytohemagglutinin), and the prevalence and intensity of infection by four types of parasite (gastric nematodes, intestinal nematodes, faecal coccidia, and ectoparasitic mites). Gonadectomized anoles experienced dramatic increases in fat storage that were accompanied by decreases in the prevalence of intestinal nematodes and in the intensity of coccidia infection. These costs of reproduction were comparable between males and females, although neither sex exhibited the predicted increase in immune function after gonadectomy. Our results suggest that, despite fundamental sex differences in the nature of reproductive investment, both male and female anoles experience similar costs of reproduction with respect to energy storage and some aspects of parasitism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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