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1. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome

Author

Teede, H. J. (Helena J.), Tay, C. T. (Chau Thien), Laven, J. J. (Joop J. E.), Dokras, A. (Anuja), Moran, L. J. (Lisa J.), Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.), Costello, M. F. (Michael F.), Boivin, J. (Jacky), Redman, L. M. (Leanne M.), Boyle, J. A. (Jacqueline A.), Norman, R. J. (Robert J.), Mousa, A. (Aya), Joham, A. E. (Anju E.), on behalf of the International PCOS Network, Teede, H. J. (Helena J.), Tay, C. T. (Chau Thien), Laven, J. J. (Joop J. E.), Dokras, A. (Anuja), Moran, L. J. (Lisa J.), Piltonen, T. T. (Terhi T.), Costello, M. F. (Michael F.), Boivin, J. (Jacky), Redman, L. M. (Leanne M.), Boyle, J. A. (Jacqueline A.), Norman, R. J. (Robert J.), Mousa, A. (Aya), Joham, A. E. (Anju E.), and on behalf of the International PCOS Network

Abstract

Study Question: What is the recommended assessment and management of those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), based on the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and consumer preference? Summary Answer: International evidence-based guidelines address prioritized questions and outcomes and include 254 recommendations and practice points, to promote consistent, evidence-based care and improve the experience and health outcomes in PCOS. What is Known Already: The 2018 International PCOS Guideline was independently evaluated as high quality and integrated multidisciplinary and consumer perspectives from six continents; it is now used in 196 countries and is widely cited. It was based on best available, but generally very low to low quality, evidence. It applied robust methodological processes and addressed shared priorities. The guideline transitioned from consensus based to evidence-based diagnostic criteria and enhanced accuracy of diagnosis, whilst promoting consistency of care. However, diagnosis is still delayed, the needs of those with PCOS are not being adequately met, evidence quality was low and evidence-practice gaps persist. Study Design, Size, Duration: The 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline update reengaged the 2018 network across professional societies and consumer organizations with multidisciplinary experts and women with PCOS directly involved at all stages. Extensive evidence synthesis was completed. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation-II (AGREEII)-compliant processes were followed. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied across evidence quality, feasibility, acceptability, cost, implementation and ultimately recommendation strength and diversity and inclusion were considered throughout. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: This summary should be read in conjunction with the full Guideline for detailed participants and methods. Governance incl

Published
2023

8. GDF15 Provides an Endocrine Signal of Nutritional Stress in Mice and Humans

Author

Patel, S., Alvarez-Guaita, A., Melvin, A., Rimmington, D., Dattilo, A., Miedzybrodzka, E. L., Cimino, I., Maurin, Anne-Catherine, Roberts, G. P., Meek, C. L., Virtue, S., Sparks, L. M., Parsons, S. A., Redman, L. M., Bray, G. A., Liou, A. P., Woods, R. M., Parry, S. A., Jeppesen, P. B., Kolnes, A. J., Harding, H. P., Ron, D., Vidal-Puig, A., Reimann, F., Gribble, F. M., Hulston, C. J., Farooqi, I. S., Fafournoux, Pierre, Smith, S. R., Jensen, J., Breen, D., Wu, Z., Zhang, B. B., Coll, A. P., Savage, D. B., O'Rahilly, S., Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS), University of Cambridge, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Internal Medicine Research Unit (IMRU - BUENOS AIRES), Hospital Italiano - BUENOS AIRES (Hop It - BUENOS AIRES), School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Örebro University, Aarhus University, Department of Endocrinology, John Vane Science Center-Barts and the London Medical School, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Norwegian School of Sport Sciences = Norges idrettshøgskole [Oslo] (NIH), Patel, Satish [0000-0002-5345-8942], Cimino, Irene [0000-0003-1397-5408], Meek, Claire [0000-0002-4176-8329], Harding, Heather [0000-0002-7359-7974], Ron, David [0000-0002-3014-5636], Vidal-Puig, Antonio [0000-0003-4220-9577], Reimann, Frank [0000-0001-9399-6377], Gribble, Fiona [0000-0002-4232-2898], Farooqi, Ismaa [0000-0001-7609-3504], Coll, Anthony [0000-0003-2594-7463], Savage, David [0000-0002-7857-7032], O'Rahilly, Stephen [0000-0003-2199-4449], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Gdf15, Growth Differentiation Factor 15, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MEDLINE, overnutrion, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Bioinformatics, Diet, High-Fat, Article, Cell Line, Mice, Young Adult, Endocrinology, Text mining, Gfral, Stress (linguistics), Medicine, Animals, Humans, conditioned taste aversion, health care economics and organizations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, GFRAL, business.industry, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, integrated stress response, Middle Aged, Mice, Inbred C57BL, GDF15, business, Energy Intake, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Summary GDF15 is an established biomarker of cellular stress. The fact that it signals via a specific hindbrain receptor, GFRAL, and that mice lacking GDF15 manifest diet-induced obesity suggest that GDF15 may play a physiological role in energy balance. We performed experiments in humans, mice, and cells to determine if and how nutritional perturbations modify GDF15 expression. Circulating GDF15 levels manifest very modest changes in response to moderate caloric surpluses or deficits in mice or humans, differentiating it from classical intestinally derived satiety hormones and leptin. However, GDF15 levels do increase following sustained high-fat feeding or dietary amino acid imbalance in mice. We demonstrate that GDF15 expression is regulated by the integrated stress response and is induced in selected tissues in mice in these settings. Finally, we show that pharmacological GDF15 administration to mice can trigger conditioned taste aversion, suggesting that GDF15 may induce an aversive response to nutritional stress., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Dietary changes influencing adipose/gut-derived hormones do not alter GDF15 levels • Chronic high-fat or acute lysine-deficient diet exposure increases GDF15 levels • GDF15 administration triggers conditioned taste aversion in mice • GDF15 is a stress-induced hormone that may mediate an aversive dietary response, Patel et al. show that whereas short-term overfeeding or fasting does not change GDF15 levels substantially, prolonged high-fat feeding and lysine-deficient diets activate the integrated stress response and increase GDF15 levels. GDF15 administration triggers conditioned taste aversion in mice, suggesting that GDF15 might induce an aversive response to nutritional stress.

Published
2019
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12. Energy requirements in nonobese men and women: results from CALERIE

Author

Redman, L. M., Kraus, W. E., Bhapkar, M., Das, S. K., Racette, S. B., Martin, C. K., Fontana, Luigi, Wong, W. W., Roberts, S. B., Ravussin, E., and C. A. L.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, CALERIE, Calorie, Intraclass correlation, Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake, and Body Composition, Medicine (miscellaneous), Absorptiometry, Photon, Adult, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Diet, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Nutritional Requirements, Overweight, metabolism/prevention /&/ control, Young Adult, Doubly labeled water, Overweight, Motor Activity, Energy requirement, Body Mass Index, Young Adult, Absorptiometry, Photon, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, metabolism/prevention /&/ control, Nutrition and Dietetics, Chemistry, Body Weight, Nutritional Requirements, food and beverages, Middle Aged, Photon, Diet, Endocrinology, Basal metabolic rate, Body Composition, Linear Models, Female, Basal Metabolism, medicine.symptom, Energy Intake, Body mass index
Abstract

Background: The energy intake necessary to maintain weight and body composition is called the energy requirement for weight maintenance and can be determined by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Objective: The objective was to determine the energy requirements of nonobese men and women in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy 2 study. Design: Energy requirements were determined for 217 healthy, weight-stable men and women [aged >21 to

Published
2014

16. No evidence for metabolic adaptation during exercise-related energy compensation.

Author

Flanagan EW, Sanchez-Delgado G, Martin CK, Ravussin E, Pontzer H, and Redman LM

Abstract

The constrained energy model posits that the increased total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in response to exercise is often less than the energy cost of the exercise prescribed. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon, coined "exercise-related energy compensation" (ExEC), are poorly understood, and it is unknown if ExEC is coupled with metabolic adaptation. Using a randomized controlled 24-week exercise intervention, individuals who demonstrated ExEC were identified. Changes to all components of TDEE and metabolic adaptation were assessed using doubly labeled water over 14 days and room calorimetry over 24-h 48% of individuals exhibited ExEC (-308 ± 158 kcals/day). There were no statistically significant differences in sex, age, or BMI between ExEC and non-ExEC. ExEC was associated with baseline TDEE (r = -0.50, p  = 0.006). There were no statistically significant differences in metabolic adaptations for 24 h, sleep, or resting expenditures. These findings reveal that ExEC occurs independent of metabolic adaptation in sedentary components of EE., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Published
2024
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17. Lorcaserin for the treatment of obesity.

Author

Redman LM and Ravussin E

Subjects
Benzazepines adverse effects, Benzazepines pharmacology, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Benzazepines therapeutic use, Obesity drug therapy, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists therapeutic use
Abstract

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and there is an urgent need for the development of effective pharmacological therapies that target the metabolic and behavioral factors of body weight regulation. Serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated as a critical factor in the short-term (meal-by-meal) regulation of food intake and pharmaceutical companies have invested millions of dollars to discover and develop drug targets for the serotonergic pathway. Lorcaserin is a novel selective agonist of the 5-HT(2C) receptor for weight loss therapy. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate lorcaserin is well tolerated and not associated with cardiac valvulopathy or pulmonary hypertension suggesting that lorcaserin is a selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist and has little or no activation of the 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2A) receptors, respectively. Lorcaserin acts to alter energy balance through a reduction in energy intake and without an increase in energy expenditure and achieved the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines for weight loss efficacy. It remains to be determined whether or not lorcaserin will be approved for the long-term management of obesity., (Copyright 2010 Prous Science, S.A.U. or its licensors. All rights reserved.)

Published
2010
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18. Caloric restriction and longevity.

Author

Ravussin E and Redman LM

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 prevention & control, Energy Metabolism, Haplorhini, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, Aging physiology, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Diet, Reducing, Energy Intake, Longevity
Published
2007

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