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1. Constraining the volatile evolution of mafic melts at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius, Italy, based on the composition of reheated melt inclusions and their olivine hosts

Author

Esposito, R, Redi, D, Danyushevsky, L, Gurenko, A, De Vivo, B, Manning, C, Bodnar, R, Steele-MacInnis, M, Frezzotti, M, Esposito, R, Redi, D, Danyushevsky, L, Gurenko, A, De Vivo, B, Manning, C, Bodnar, R, Steele-MacInnis, M, and Frezzotti, M

Abstract

Mount Somma-Vesuvius is a stratovolcano that represents a geological hazard to the population of the city of Naples and surrounding towns in southern Italy. Historically, volcanic eruptions at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius (SV) include high-magnitude Plinian eruptions, such as the infamous 79CE eruption that occurred after 295 years of quiescence and killed thousands of people in Pompeii and surrounding towns and villages. The last eruption at SV was in 1944 and showed a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 3 (0.01km3 of volcanic material erupted). Following the 1944 eruption, SV has been dormant for the past nearly 79 years, with only minor fumarolic and seismic activity. During its long history, centuries of dormancy at SV have ended with Plinian eruptions (VEI 6) that signal the beginning of a new cycle of eruptive activity. Thus, the current dormancy stage demands a need to better understand the mechanism involved in high-magnitude eruptions in order to better predict future eruption magnitude and style. Despite centuries of research on the SV volcanic system, many questions remain, including the evolution of magmatic volatiles from deep primitive magmas to shallower more evolved magmas. Developing a better understanding of the physical and chemical processes associated with volatile evolution at SV can provide insights into magma dynamics and the mechanisms that trigger highly explosive eruptions at SV. In this study, we present new data for the pre-eruptive volatile contents of magmas associated with four Plinian and two inter-Plinian eruptions at SV based on analyses of reheated melt inclusions (MIs) hosted in olivine. We correct the volatile contents of bubble-bearing MIs by taking into account the volatile contents of bubbles in the MIs. We recognize two groups of MIs: one group hosted in high-Fo olivine (Fo85-90) and relatively rich in volatiles and the other group hosted in low-Fo olivine (Fo70-69) and relatively depleted in volatiles. The correlation between volatil

Published
2023

2. Somma-Vesuvius’ activity: a mineral chemistry database

Author

Redi, D, Cannatelli, C, Esposito, R, Lima, A, Petrosino, P, De Vivo, B, Redi D., Cannatelli C., Esposito R., Lima A., Petrosino P., De Vivo B., Redi, D, Cannatelli, C, Esposito, R, Lima, A, Petrosino, P, De Vivo, B, Redi D., Cannatelli C., Esposito R., Lima A., Petrosino P., and De Vivo B.

Abstract

Clinopyroxene and olivine are ubiquitous phases in Somma-Vesuvius (SV) volcanics and for the first time they were systematically studied in several products younger than 40 ka. In this manuscript chemical compositions (major, trace and rare earth elements) of a large set of olivine and clinopyroxene crystals from selected rock samples are presented and discussed. Fourteen pumice samples from Plinian pyroclastic deposits as well as three scoriae and eight lava samples from inter-Plinian deposits were collected. A representative number of olivine and clinopyroxene crystals (n ~ 50) were selected for each sample and analysed by electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, resulting in a large database, which is now available to the scientific community. All studied eruptive products contain olivine and clinopyroxene crystals spanning a wide range of compositions. Olivines show Fo content varying from 91 to 68, while clinopyroxenes display Mg# ranging from 93 to 71. In samples younger than A.D. 79, the more evolved (Mg#82–72) clinopyroxene crystals show clear Ca enrichment (~23.5–24.5 wt% CaO) with respect to those from older samples (before-A.D.79, ~23–21 wt% CaO). The results corroborate disequilibrium between olivine, clinopyroxene and the hosting melt, and an increasing role of carbonate assimilation in SV magma evolution in the last 2 ka. The database here produced is thought as a share product that makes available mineral data and can be used for further studies by researchers to investigate geochemical evolution of the SV system.

Published
2017

4. DECLINE OF PREVALENCE OF RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED SUBSTITUTIONS TO NS3 AND NS5A INHIBITORS AT DAA- FAILURE IN HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN ITALY OVER THE YEARS 2015 TO 2018

Author

Redi, D., Rossetti, B., Di Maio, V. C., Aragri, M., Paolucci, S., Masetti, C., Paglicci, L., Bruzzone, B., Minichini, C., FRANCESCA MONTAGNANI, Micheli, V., Landonio, S., Degasperi, E., Giacomo Zanelli, Maserati, R., Maida, I., Callegaro, A. P., Barbaliscia, S., Bertoli, A., Paternoster, C., Marenco, S., Morisco, F., Calvaruso, V., Taliani, G., Puoti, M., Cenderello, G., Santis, A., Lichtner, M., Coppola, N., Gulminetti, R., Cento, V., Rendina, M., Teti, E., Parruti, G., Ruggiero, T., Ghisetti, V., Pasquazzi, C., Nicolini, L. A., Vullo, V., Pellicelli, A., Prestileo, T., Cozzolongo, R., Sangiovanni, V., Biolato, M., Lenci, I., Licata, A., Ciaccio, A., Pace Palitti, V., Giorgini, A., Cariti, G., Ciancio, A., Aghemo, A., Borghi, V., Andreone, P., Brunetto, M., Pollicino, T., Santantonio, T., Cuomo, N., Caudai, C., Babudieri, S., Lampertico, P., Gaeta, G. B., Raimondo, G., Andreoni, M., Rizzardini, G., Angelico, M., Perno, C. F., Craxì, A., Maurizio Zazzi, Ceccherini- Silberstein, F., and on behalf of HCV Virology Italian Resistance Network (Vironet C)

Published
2019

5. Detection of liquid H2O in vapor bubbles in reheated melt inclusions: Implications for magmatic fluid composition and volatile budgets of magmas?

Author

Esposito, R, Lamadrid, H, Redi, D, Steele-Macinnis, M, Bodnar, R, Manning, C, De Vivo, B, Cannatelli, C, Lima, A, Esposito R., Lamadrid H. M., Redi D., Steele-Macinnis M., Bodnar R. J., Manning C. E., De Vivo B., Cannatelli C., Lima A., Esposito, R, Lamadrid, H, Redi, D, Steele-Macinnis, M, Bodnar, R, Manning, C, De Vivo, B, Cannatelli, C, Lima, A, Esposito R., Lamadrid H. M., Redi D., Steele-Macinnis M., Bodnar R. J., Manning C. E., De Vivo B., Cannatelli C., and Lima A.

Abstract

Fluids exsolved from mafic melts are thought to be dominantly CO2-H2O ± S fluids. Curiously, although CO2 vapor occurs in bubbles of mafic melt inclusions (MI) at room temperature (T), the expected accompanying vapor and liquid H2O have not been found. We reheated olivine-hosted MI from Mt. Somma-Vesuvius, Italy, and quenched the MI to a bubble-bearing glassy state. Using Raman spectroscopy, we show that the volatiles exsolved after quenching include liquid H2O at room T and vapor H2O at 150 °C. We hypothesize that H2O initially present in the MI bubbles was lost to adjacent glass during local, sub-micrometer-scale devitrification prior to sample collection. During MI heating experiments, the H2O is redissolved into the vapor in the bubble, where it remains after quenching, at least on the relatively short time scales of our observations. These results indicate that (1) a significant amount of H2O may be stored in the vapor bubble of bubble-bearing MI and (2) the composition of magmatic fluids directly exsolving from mafic melts at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius may contain up to 29 wt% H2O.

Published
2016

27. Declino delle Sostituzioni associate a resistenza (RAS) ad inibitori di NS3 ed NS5A al fallimento con DAA nel virus dell’epatite C in Italia negli anni 2015-2018

Author

Paglicci, L., Redi, D., Rossetti, B., Di Maio, V. C., Aragri, M., Paolucci, S., Masetti, C., Bruzzone, B., Minichini, C., FRANCESCA MONTAGNANI, Micheli, V., Landonio, S., Degasperi, E., Giacomo Zanelli, Maserati, R., Maida, I., Callegaro, A. P., Barbaliscia, S., Bertoli, A., Paternoster, C., Marenco, S., Morisco, F., Calvaruso, V., Taliani, G., Puoti, M., Cenderello, G., Santis, A., Lichtner, M., Coppola, N., Gulminetti, R., Cento, V., Rendina, M., Teti, E., Parruti, G., Ruggiero, T., Ghisetti, V., Pasquazzi, C., Nicolini, L. A., Vullo, V., Pellicelli, A., Prestileo, T., Cozzolongo, R., Sangiovanni, V., Biolato, M., Lenci, I., Licata, A., Ciaccio, A., Pace Palitti, V., Giorgini, A., Cariti, G., Ciancio, A., Aghemo, A., Borghi, V., Andreone, P., Brunetto, M., Pollicino, T., Santantonio, T., Cuomo, N., Caudai, C., Babudieri, S., Lampertico, P., Gaeta, G. B., Raimondo, G., Andreoni, M., Rizzardini, G., Angelico, M., Perno, C. F., Craxì, A., Maurizio Zazzi, and Ceccherini-Silberstein, F.

28. Somma-Vesuvius’ activity: a mineral chemistry database

Author

Rosario Esposito, Paola Petrosino, C. Cannatelli, Daniele Redi, Annamaria Lima, Benedetto De Vivo, Redi, Daniele, Cannatelli, Claudia, Esposito, Rosario, Lima, Annamaria, Petrosino, Paola, DE VIVO, Benedetto, Redi, D, Cannatelli, C, Esposito, R, Lima, A, Petrosino, P, and De Vivo, B

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lava, Somma-Vesuviu, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Pyroclastic rock, Melt liquidus association, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Pumice, Somma-Vesuvius, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mineral, Olivine, Database, Volcanic rock, Geophysics, chemistry, Magma, Assimilation, engineering, Clinopyroxene, Carbonate, computer, Geology
Abstract

Clinopyroxene and olivine are ubiquitous phases in Somma-Vesuvius (SV) volcanics and for the first time they were systematically studied in several products younger than 40ka. In this manuscript chemical compositions (major, trace and rare earth elements) of a large set of olivine and clinopyroxene crystals from selected rock samples are presented and discussed. Fourteen pumice samples from Plinian pyroclastic deposits as well as three scoriae and eight lava samples from inter-Plinian deposits were collected. A representative number of olivine and clinopyroxene crystals (n~50) were selected for each sample and analysed by electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, resulting in a large database, which is now available to the scientific community. All studied eruptive products contain olivine and clinopyroxene crystals spanning a wide range of compositions. Olivines show Fo content varying from 91 to 68, while clinopyroxenes display Mg# ranging from 93 to 71. In samples younger than A.D. 79, the more evolved (Mg#82–72) clinopyroxene crystals show clear Ca enrichment (~23.5–24.5wt% CaO) with respect to those from older samples (before-A.D.79, ~23–21wt% CaO). The results corroborate disequilibrium between olivine, clinopyroxene and the hosting melt, and an increasing role of carbonate assimilation in SV magma evolution in the last 2ka. The database here produced is thought as a share product that makes available mineral data and can be used for further studies by researchers to investigate geochemical evolution of the SV system.

Published
2017

29. Study of magmatic CO2-H2O-S fluids at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius: insights from shrinkage bubble of melt inclusion

Author

Esposito, Rosario, LA MADRID, Hector, Danyushevsky, L.e.o.n.i.d. Victoriovich, Redi, Daniele, STEELE MACINNIS, Mat, Bodnar, R.o.b.e.r.t. J., CANNATELLI, CLAUDIA, LIMA, ANNAMARIA, DE VIVO, BENEDETTO, ESPOSITO R., LA MADRID H., DANYUSHEVSKY L. V., REDI D., CANNATELLI C., STEELE-MACINNIS M., LIMA A., BODNAR R. J., DE VIVO B., Esposito, Rosario, LA MADRID, Hector, Danyushevsky, L. e. o. n. i. d. Victoriovich, Redi, Daniele, Cannatelli, Claudia, STEELE MACINNIS, Mat, Lima, Annamaria, Bodnar, R. o. b. e. r. t. J., and DE VIVO, Benedetto

Published
2015

31. Hepatitis C epidemiology and treatment outcomes in Italy: Impact of the DAA era and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author

Tramonti Fantozzi MP, Ceccarelli L, Petri D, De Vita E, Agostini A, Colombatto P, Stasi C, Rossetti B, Brunetto M, Surace L, Salvati A, Calì A, Tacconi D, Bianco C, Redi D, Fabbiani M, Panza F, Luchi S, Modica S, Moneta S, Iacopini S, Nencioni C, Chigiotti S, Ottaviano G, Zignego AL, Blanc P, Pierotti P, Mariabelli E, Berni R, Silvestri C, and Tavoschi L

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Hepacivirus drug effects, Hepacivirus genetics, Hepatitis C, Chronic drug therapy, Hepatitis C, Chronic epidemiology, Italy epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2, Treatment Outcome, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, COVID-19 epidemiology, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Hepatitis C drug therapy, Pandemics
Abstract

HCV infection poses a global health threat, with significant morbidity and mortality. This study examines HCV trends in a large Italian region from 2015 to 2022, considering demographic changes, evolving clinical profiles, treatment regimens and outcomes, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This multicentre retrospective study analysed demographics, clinical histories and risk factors in 6882 HCV patients. The study spanned before and after the direct-acting antiviral (DAA) era, and the COVID-19 period, focusing on treatment outcomes (SVR12, non-SVR12 and patients lost to follow-up). Statistical methods included ANOVA, multinomial logistic regression, Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-square analysis, and were conducted adhering to the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle. The cohort, mainly Italian males (average age 58.88), showed Genotype 1 dominance (56.6%) and a high SVR12 rate (97.5%). The pandemic increased follow-up losses, yet SVR12 rates remained stable, influenced by factors like age, gender, cirrhosis and comorbidities. Despite COVID-19 challenges, the region sustained high SVR12 rates in HCV care, emphasising the importance of sustained efforts in HCV care. Continuous screening and targeted interventions in high-risk populations are crucial for achieving WHO elimination targets. The study highlights the resilience of HCV care during the pandemic and provides insights for future public health strategies., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Viral Hepatitis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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32. Impact of NRTI resistance mutations on virological effectiveness of antiretroviral regimens containing elvitegravir: a multi-cohort study.

Author

Modica S, Redi D, Gagliardini R, Giombini E, Bezenchek A, Di Carlo D, Maggiolo F, Lombardi F, Borghetti A, Farinacci D, Callegaro A, Gismondo MR, Colafigli M, Sterrantino G, Costantini A, Ferrara SM, Rusconi S, Zazzi M, Rossetti B, De Luca A, and Gianotti N

Subjects
Adult, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Cohort Studies, Databases, Factual, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, HIV-1 drug effects, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load drug effects, Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, HIV Infections drug therapy, Quinolones therapeutic use
Abstract

Background: Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations remain a major cause of treatment failure., Objectives: To evaluate the impact of NRTI resistance mutations on virological effectiveness of elvitegravir-containing regimens., Materials and Methods: We selected treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients starting elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) or elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (E/C/F/TDF), with at least one protease/reverse transcriptase genotype available before switching and at least one HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) measurement during follow-up. The primary endpoint was virological failure (VF), defined as one VL value of ≥1000 copies/mL or two consecutive VL values of >50 copies/mL., Results: We included 264 ART regimens: 75.6% male, median (IQR) age 47 years (39-53), 7 years (3-16) of HIV infection, nadir CD4+ 247 cells/mm3 (105-361), 81.5% with VL ≤50 copies/mL and 11.7% with at least one NRTI mutation at baseline. Eleven (5.2%) VFs occurred in virologically suppressed patients versus eight (15.1%) in viraemic patients. The estimated probability of VF at 48 weeks with versus without any NRTI mutation was 7.4% (95% CI 2.3-12.5) versus 3.8% (2.1-5.5) in virologically suppressed patients and 66.7% (39.5-93.9) versus 11.2% (6.5-15.9) (P<0.001) in viraemic patients. The only predictor of VF was time on therapy (per 1 year more, adjusted HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.27, P=0.024) in viraemic patients., Conclusions: A switch to E/C/F/TDF or E/C/F/TAF is safe for virologically suppressed patients without documented NRTI resistance, but not recommended in viraemic patients with a history of NRTI resistance. Although we did not detect a detrimental effect of past NRTI resistance in virologically suppressed patients, a fully active regimen remains preferred in this setting due to possible rebound of drug-resistant virus in the long term., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2020
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33. Multiple chronic parasitic infections in an immunocompetent immigrant: a challenge for healthcare management.

Author

Spertilli Raffaelli C, Rossetti B, Zammarchi L, Redi D, Rinaldi F, De Luca A, and Montagnani F

Subjects
Chronic Disease, Coinfection virology, Helminthiasis parasitology, Humans, Immunocompetence, Italy, Libya, Nigeria ethnology, Postoperative Complications microbiology, Coinfection parasitology, Emigrants and Immigrants, Helminthiasis complications, Hepatitis B, Chronic complications, Hepatitis D, Chronic complications, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic complications, Travel-Related Illness
Abstract

The case reports multiple helmintiasis and chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) in an immunocompetent immigrant male. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of neglected infectious diseases in low endemic areas, besides difficulties that Western countries encounter in responding to immigrants' health needs.

Published
2018

34. Staphylococcus aureus vaccine preclinical and clinical development: current state of the art.

Author

Redi D, Raffaelli CS, Rossetti B, De Luca A, and Montagnani F

Subjects
Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Humans, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections prevention & control, Staphylococcal Vaccines immunology, Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in both community and hospital settings. It is a significant etiological agent to treat in healthcare-related infections due to both its ability to cause invasive infection as well as to form biofilm on biomaterials and the high prevalence of resistance to first line antibiotics. The most challenging preventive strategy is vaccine development to guarantee a full and durable protection from staphylococcal diseases in all different high-risk populations, even if the lack of a known correlate of protection from S. aureus is a major hindrance to this effort. We aimed to review the most recent advances in the field of vaccinology against S. aureus, highlighting the potential for future application of the different experimental vaccine types. Several vaccines have completed their preclinical phase of development and others have been tested in humans, however no successful phase III clinical trial has yet been completed.

Published
2018

35. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in blood donors and renal transplant recipients: a retrospective study from central Italy.

Author

Puttini C, Riccio ML, Redi D, Tordini G, Cenerini M, Romanello F, De Luca A, Carmellini M, Fossombroni V, Cusi MG, and Zanelli G

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Blood Safety, Hepatitis E genetics, Hepatitis E virology, Hepatitis E virus genetics, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Middle Aged, Prevalence, RNA, Viral genetics, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Blood Donors statistics & numerical data, Donor Selection, Hepatitis E epidemiology, Hepatitis E transmission, Hepatitis E virus pathogenicity, Kidney Transplantation statistics & numerical data, Transfusion Reaction
Abstract

Autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging health issue in developed countries and is thought to be a porcine zoonosis; its spread is underestimated and there is concern about the possibility of chronic infection in immunosuppressed patients; HEV transmission through blood has also been demonstrated. We conducted a retrospective study (2007-2013) on HEV seroprevalence using stored serum samples from 132 blood donors and 118 renal transplant recipients living mainly in central Italy. Anti-HEV IgG was positive in 12/132 (9.1%) of the blood donors and 12/118 (10.2%) of the transplant recipients. All subjects but one were autochthonous and none showed signs of liver disease at the time of sampling. A significant association was documented between mean age of patients and the serology against HEV especially in the group of blood donors. Our study, albeit limited and retrospective, confirms the circulation of autochthonous HEV in central Italy; the presence of antibodies against HEV in particular categories of persons such as blood donors and transplant patients, who are not screened for the infection, raises questions in terms of transfusion safety and health protection of immunocompromised patients.

Published
2015

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