34 results on '"Reddy AC"'
Search Results
2. Correlation of Standard ECG with 2D-Echo and Serum Troponin I in Locating the Site of Myocardial Infarction and its ExtentAn Observational Study
- Author
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Reddy, AC Sanjay, primary, Pandiyan, TR, additional, Rao, Srinivasa, additional, Reddy, YJ Visweswara, additional, and Dhananjaya, PE, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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3. Long COVID 19 – Persistent and longitudinal symptoms in covid infected health care personnel
- Author
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Sreelatha, P, primary, Suresh, Roopa, additional, Reddy, AC Sanjay, additional, Reddy, YJ Visweswara, additional, Dhananjaya, PE, additional, and Hashmath, ArshiyaSehar, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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4. A New Technique for Measurement of the Strength of Ceramic Shells in the Precision Casting Process
- Author
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Petersen, DR, primary, Link, RE, additional, Reddy, AC, additional, Murti, VSR, additional, and Jebaraj, PM, additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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5. Pneumocystosis of the brain presenting as ring-enhancing lesions.
- Author
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Reddy AC, Sudhir B, Ismail B, Ganesan L, and Marur S
- Abstract
We report a rare case of Pneumocystis jiroveci infection of the brain. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cerebral pneumocystosis presenting as multiple ring-enhancing lesions coexistent with cryptococcal infection in a patient with AIDS. Such potential coexistence is a significant consideration for clinicians who might encounter ring-enhancing lesions on neuroimaging in patients with AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
6. A New Technique for Measurement of the Strength of Ceramic Shells in the Precision Casting Process
- Author
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Reddy, AC, Murti, VSR, and Jebaraj, PM
- Abstract
This paper discusses the development of a new technique for measuring the strength of ceramic shells. In this technique, compressed air was passed into the ceramic shells and the bursting pressure was measured using a diaphragm pressure gage. The hoop stresses were calculated. The results of the new technique realistically match the actual failure rate of shells in the precision casting process.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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7. Urothelial Carcinoma: Epidemiology and Imaging-Based Review.
- Author
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Reddy AC, Gu JZ, Koo BH, Fruh V, and Sax AJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell diagnostic imaging, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell epidemiology, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell diagnosis, Rhode Island epidemiology, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms epidemiology, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasonography, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 6th most common malignancy in the United States, with urothelial carcinomas comprising over 95% of cases of bladder cancer, and commands a significant disease burden in Rhode Island. Imaging studies can provide valuable diagnostic information for urothelial carcinomas at initial presentation and are routinely used for noninvasive staging, treatment response monitoring, and post-treatment surveillance. This review aims to discuss and highlight three imaging modalities: ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, with particular focus on the notable features and appearance of urothelial carcinoma on each modality and their relative utility throughout the disease course. A general overview of disease epidemiology and treatment practices is also provided.
- Published
- 2024
8. Using Protection Motivation Theory to develop a survey of over-the-counter decision-making by older adults.
- Author
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Reddy AC and Chui MA
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Nonprescription Drugs therapeutic use, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Behavior, Motivation, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Older adults (aged 65+) are responsible for 30% of the over-the-counter (OTC) medication use in the US. Each year, over 175,000 older adults are hospitalized due to OTC-related adverse drug events (ADEs). A major barrier to improving OTC use has been the dearth of actionable research on factors that affect older adult decision-making during OTC selection. Risk perception and health literacy are two such factors known to impact health behavior. However, to date no studies have characterized risk perceptions of OTCs nor how they relate to health literacy in the decision-making processes of older adults., Objective: This paper presents the development and validation of a survey instrument to measure older adults' risk perception toward over-the-counter medications. The survey also explores the relation of risk perception to health literacy efficacy., Methods: The Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Tripartite Risk Perception Model (TRIRISK model) formed the basis for conceptualizing relationships between this study's constructs of interest. The utility of the PMT and the TRIRISK model in the context of OTC medication safety was tested in a survey of 103 older adults; exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to test construct validity., Results: The EFA yielded a 4-factor model of protection motivation, which included deliberative risk perception, emotional risk perception, perceived threat severity, and perceived coping efficacy. The EFA-based item reduction resulted in a final 14-item OTC Protection Motivation survey., Conclusion: The survey generated through this study is a tool for characterizing older adult risk perceptions of OTCs. The development of a measure of OTC risk perceptions is a promising step toward designing and evaluating patient-centered interventions to improve older adult medication safety., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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9. Factors in nephrologists' decision to treat pre-dialysis CKD patients with vitamin D insufficiency and SHPT: A discrete choice experiment.
- Author
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Reddy AC, Nguyen A, McGarvey NH, Gitlin MD, Bishop CW, and Ashfaq A
- Subjects
- Humans, United States, Nephrologists, Bayes Theorem, Dialysis, Vitamin D, Vitamins therapeutic use, Parathyroid Hormone, Calcium, Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic therapy, Vitamin D Deficiency complications
- Abstract
Little is known about the most important factors that inform a nephrologist's decision to treat (DTT) pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). The objective of this study was to identify such factors and their relative importance in the DTT with a vitamin D therapy. A web-based, adaptive design conjoint analysis discrete-choice survey was developed to study factors that informed the DTT among a sample of 200 nephrologists located throughout the United States. Based on literature review and clinician input, eight attributes were selected that could influence a provider's DTT: age, race, CKD stage, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium (Ca), serum phosphorus (P), and history of comorbidities. Respondents were asked to select one patient profile most suitable for treatment from three profiles with varying attribute levels. Each attribute's relative importance score was computed using hierarchical-Bayesian statistics to measure the influence of each factor where higher scores represented greater DTT consideration. The pooled analysis revealed the four most important factors: serum 25D (31.4%), serum Ca (22.7%), plasma PTH (11.5%) levels, and history of comorbidities (8.5%). Age (8.2%), serum P (7.7%), CKD stage (5.7%), and race (4.4%) were relatively less important. Patients' 25D and Ca levels contributed to more than half of nephrologists' DTT, with the consideration of PTH levels being less of a factor. Further understanding of the driving forces behind the factors that inform the DTT may help to standardize the management of CKD patients with SHPT and VDI and improve outcomes., Competing Interests: Akhtar Ashfaq is an employee of OPKO Health and receives royalties from UptoDate for authorship. Charles W. Bishop is an employee of OPKO Health and has no other conflicts of interests to disclose. Matthew D. Gitlin and November H. McGarvey are employed by BluePath Solutions, a company which received funding from OPKO Health to conduct the research study, and have no further conflicts of interest to disclose. Andy Nguyen was an employee of BluePath Solutions at the time the research was conducted and has no further conflicts of interests to disclose. Anand C. Reddy has no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright: © 2023 Reddy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2023
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10. Future Directions for the International Cannabis Toolkit (iCannToolkit).
- Author
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Reddy AC
- Subjects
- Analgesics, Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, Dronabinol, Humans, Cannabis, Hallucinogens
- Published
- 2022
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11. Idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis (ING) in an African American (AA) man with hepatitis C.
- Author
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Onteddu NK, Duggirala J, and Reddy AC
- Subjects
- Black or African American, Aged, Diabetic Nephropathies virology, Hepatitis C physiopathology, Humans, Hypertension physiopathology, Hypertension virology, Kidney physiopathology, Kidney virology, Male, Smoking physiopathology, Diabetic Nephropathies etiology, Hepatitis C complications, Hypertension complications, Smoking adverse effects
- Abstract
Idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis (ING) in a non-diabetic patient is uncommon. Nodular glomerulosclerosis is hallmark sign of diabetic nephropathy. ING is a very rare clinicopathological disease associated with smoking, obesity and hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome. A 68-year-old non-obese African American man with hypertension, smoking and history of hepatitis C presented to the clinic with progressive worsening of lower extremity oedema and declining renal function over few months. Renal biopsy demonstrated nodular glomerulosclerosis. In this case, ING is hypothesised to be associated with hepatitis C along with smoking and hypertension (HTN). We present this case to speculate the existence of yet unknown aetiologies of ING., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
- Published
- 2018
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12. Purely horizontal strabismus associated with head tilt.
- Author
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Reddy AC, Portilla A, and Donahue SP
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Esotropia surgery, Humans, Male, Treatment Outcome, Head Movements physiology, Oculomotor Muscles surgery, Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures, Strabismus physiopathology
- Abstract
We present the first case of an otherwise healthy child with a marked left head tilt used to improve a purely horizontal, nonaccommodative deviation. A patching test confirmed strabismus as the etiology of the abnormal head position. The head tilt was dramatically reduced following bilateral medial rectus recession., (Copyright © 2018 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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13. Isolation, characterization and genetic diversity of NBS-LRR class disease-resistant gene analogs in multiple virus resistant line of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.).
- Author
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Naresh P, Krishna Reddy M, Reddy AC, Lavanya B, Lakshmana Reddy DC, and Madhavi Reddy K
- Abstract
Viruses are serious threat to chilli crop production worldwide. Resistance screening against several viruses resulted in identifying a multiple virus resistant genotype 'IHR 2451'. Degenerate primers based on the conserved regions between P-Loop and GLPL of Resistance genes (R-genes) were used to amplify nucleotide binding sites (NBS)-encoding regions from genotype 'IHR 2451'. Alignment of deduced amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analyses of isolated sequences distinguished into two groups representing toll interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) and non-TIR, and different families within the group confirming the hypotheses that dicots have both the types of NBS-LRR genes. The alignment of deduced amino acid sequences revealed conservation of subdomains P-loop, RNBS-A, kinase2, RNBS-B, and GLPL. The distinctive five RGAs showing specific conserved motifs were subjected to BLASTp and indicated high homology at deduced amino acid level with R genes identified such as Pvr9 gene for potyvirus resistance, putative late blight resistance protein homolog R1B-23 and other disease resistance genes suggesting high correlation with resistance to different pathogens. These pepper RGAs could be regarded as candidate sequences of resistant genes for marker development.
- Published
- 2017
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14. Lugol's iodine in Graves' disease - Revisited.
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Reddy AC and Sabaretnam M
- Published
- 2016
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15. Congenital Tonic Pupils Associated With Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome and Hirschsprung Disease.
- Author
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Mehta VJ, Ling JJ, Martinez EG, Reddy AC, and Donahue SP
- Subjects
- Female, Hirschsprung Disease complications, Humans, Hypoventilation complications, Hypoventilation diagnosis, Infant, Newborn, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sleep Apnea, Central complications, Tonic Pupil diagnosis, Hirschsprung Disease diagnosis, Hypoventilation congenital, Sleep Apnea, Central diagnosis, Tonic Pupil etiology
- Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction can be associated with pupillary abnormalities. We describe a rare association of tonic pupils, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, and Hirschsprung disease in a newborn with a mutation in the PHOX2B gene, a key regulator of neural crest cells. Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the congenital absence of neural crest-derived intrinsic ganglion cells. Tonic pupils may result from an abnormality of the ciliary ganglion, another structure of neural crest origin. The close association of these conditions in this child suggests a common abnormality in neural crest migration and differentiation.
- Published
- 2016
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16. Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cross-Dehydrogenative C-H/X-H Coupling: Efficient Synthesis of Indoles and Benzofurans.
- Author
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Ghorai J, Reddy AC, and Anbarasan P
- Abstract
An efficient cobalt(III)-catalyzed intramolecular cross-dehydrogenative C-H/N-H coupling of ortho-alkenylanilines has been developed utilizing O
2 as a terminal oxidant. The developed reaction tolerates various reactive functional groups and allows the synthesis of diverse indole derivatives in good to excellent yields. The method was successfully extended to the synthesis of benzofurans through the intramolecular cross-dehydrogenative C-H/O-H coupling of ortho-alkenylphenols., (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)- Published
- 2016
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17. Prospective evaluation of intra-operative quick parathyroid hormone assay as an early predictor of post thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia.
- Author
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Reddy AC, Chand G, Sabaretnam M, Mishra A, Agarwal G, Agarwal A, Verma AK, and Mishra SK
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Calcium blood, Female, Humans, Hypocalcemia blood, India, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Period, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Surgeons, Thyroid Diseases surgery, Thyroid Neoplasms surgery, Thyroidectomy methods, Young Adult, Hypocalcemia etiology, Intraoperative Care methods, Parathyroid Hormone blood, Postoperative Complications, Thyroidectomy adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy is a major contributing factor in delayed hospital discharge and dissuading surgeons from day care thyroidectomy. We prospectively evaluated the utility of Intra-operative serum quick parathyroid hormone level measurement twenty minutes after total thyroidectomy in predicting post-operative hypocalcemia., Material and Methods: Prospective longitudinal study which included patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign or malignant thyroid disorders at SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India from November 2013 to February 2015. Patients who received calcium prophylaxis were excluded from the study. Intraoperative serum quick PTH level measurements were done twenty minutes after resection of thyroid. Serum calcium levels were estimated preoperatively and on three consecutive post operative days. Calcium supplementation was started in patients with symptomatic hypocalcemia., Results: The study included 100 patients with a mean age of 41 years, range 17-72 years. 48 patients had Euthyroid multinodular goitre, 10 patients grave's disease and 42 patients had differentiated thyroid cancer. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 88 patients, total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection in 12 patients. Post-operatively 23% patients experienced symptomatic hypocalcemia. The IOPTH level of 9 pmol/L, twenty minutes after total thyroidectomy, had the highest sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 83% respectively in predicting post-operative hypocalcemia., Conclusion: Parathyroid hormone assay twenty minutes after thyroidectomy is an accurate and reliable means of predicting clinically relevant hypocalcemia. Patients with PTH values greater than 9 pmol/L twenty minutes after thyroidectomy, can be safely discharged on the same postoperative day as the probability of life threatening hypocalcemia is unlikely., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2016
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18. "Parathyroid surgery can be safely performed in a community hospital by experienced parathyroid surgeons: A retrospective cohort study".
- Author
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Sabaretnam M, Reddy AC, Rajan S, Chekavar A, and Verma AK
- Published
- 2016
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19. High levels of genetic diversity in Penaeus monodon populations from the east coast of India.
- Author
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Khedkar GD, Reddy AC, Ron TB, and Haymer D
- Abstract
Quality production of the shrimp Penaeus monodon in hatchery operations depends heavily on the evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of brood stocks. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences have been widely used to study genetic variability and relationships in many crustacean groups, and these same markers may be incorporated into evaluation studies of shrimp broods and populations. For this purpose we looked at variation in mitochondrial D-loop sequences as an indicator of genetic diversity in shrimp populations from a region of India that represents the main sources of new material for brood stocks. In our study of these populations the overall mean genetic diversity was 0.191. The highest level of genetic diversity (0.357) was observed in the Kakinada population, whereas the lowest diversity (0.0171) was observed in the Nellore population. The results also indicate that overall, the populations along the Andhra Pradesh coast are genetically diverse despite the fact that there is considerable gene flow between them. From the results, it is evident that east cost of India shows high genetic diversity among P. monodon broods and no evidence of loss of diversity due to excessive inbreeding. The fact that the genetic variability of these populations has been maintained, despite ten years of dependence on these broods, shows that at the present time there is no indication of over exploitation.
- Published
- 2013
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20. Clarias batrachus (Linn.1758) population is lacking genetic diversity in India.
- Author
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Khedkar GD, Reddy AC, Mann P, Ravinder K, and Muzumdar K
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA Primers genetics, Demography, India, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique, Rivers, Catfishes genetics, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population
- Abstract
Genetic similarity and diversity of catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.1758) populations collected from three regions of Indian riverine system were examined using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Out of 22 random primers tested, six primers produced 462 RAPD bands ranging from 105 to 128 polymorphic bands per primer in size between 100 and 1,200 bp. The polymorphic bands in these populations ranged from 26.5 to 30.5. Polymorphic bands within populations ranged from 25 to 35.7%. The degree of similarity within Hussainabad population varied from 0.125 to 0.842 based on average level of band sharing (BS) values. The level of band sharing values within the catfish populations were 0.26 +/- 0.021 for Banaras, 0.60 +/- 0.033 for Bhubaneshwar and 0.377 +/- 0.058 for Hussainabad respectively. The results from the present study indicate that there is great degree of genetic similarity between Bhubaneshwar and Hussainabad populations where as Banaras catfish population is distinct. It may appear that Bhubaneshwar and Hussainabad are geographically connected by rivers and most of the major catfish hatcheries are located in this region, therefore the individuals from these populations are get reared in the same environmental conditions, migration or by inbreeding during several generations may be possible. This may be the reason that catfish population is lacking genetic diversity in major riverine system of India. In nearer future, the lack in genetic diversity can lead to inbreeding which can be resulted in poor growth and disease susceptibility, Bhubaneshwar and Hussainabad catfish population may have this problem.
- Published
- 2010
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21. SCARF: maximizing next-generation EST assemblies for evolutionary and population genomic analyses.
- Author
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Barker MS, Dlugosch KM, Reddy AC, Amyotte SN, and Rieseberg LH
- Subjects
- Centaurea genetics, Databases, Genetic, Gene Expression Profiling, Evolution, Molecular, Expressed Sequence Tags, Genome, Genomics methods, Software
- Abstract
Summary: Scaffolded and Corrected Assembly of Roche 454 (SCARF) is a next-generation sequence assembly tool for evolutionary genomics that is designed especially for assembling 454 EST sequences against high-quality reference sequences from related species. The program was created to knit together 454 contigs that do not assemble during traditional de novo assembly, using a reference sequence library to orient the 454 sequences., Availability: SCARF is freely available at http://msbarker.com/software.htm, and is released under the open source GPLv3 license (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html.
- Published
- 2009
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22. Key basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor genes Hes1 and Ngn2 are regulated by Pax3 during mouse embryonic development.
- Author
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Nakazaki H, Reddy AC, Mania-Farnell BL, Shen YW, Ichi S, McCabe C, George D, McLone DG, Tomita T, and Mayanil CS
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Movement, Genotype, Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs genetics, Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, Mice, Neural Crest physiology, Neural Tube physiology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transcription Factor HES-1, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors genetics, Embryonic Development genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Pax3 is expressed early during embryonic development in spatially restricted domains including limb muscle, neural crest, and neural tube. Pax3 functions at the nodal point in melanocyte stem cell differentiation, cardiogenesis and neurogenesis. Additionally Pax3 has been implicated in migration and differentiation of precursor cell populations. Currently there are questions about how Pax3 regulates these diverse functions. In this study we found that in the absence of functional Pax3, as in Splotch embryos, the neural crest cells undergo premature neurogenesis, as evidenced by increased Brn3a positive staining in neural tube explants, in comparison with wild-type. Premature neurogenesis in the absence of functional Pax3 may be due to a change in the regulation of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors implicated in proliferation and differentiation. Using promoter-luciferase activity measurements in transient co-transfection experiments and electro-mobility shift assays, we show that Pax3 regulates Hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1 (Hes1) and Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) by directly binding to their promoters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that Pax3 bound to cis-regulatory elements within Hes1 and Ngn2 promoters. These observations suggest that Pax3 regulates Hes1 and Ngn2 and imply that it may couple migration with neural stem cell maintenance and neurogenesis.
- Published
- 2008
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23. Regulation of murine TGFbeta2 by Pax3 during early embryonic development.
- Author
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Mayanil CS, Pool A, Nakazaki H, Reddy AC, Mania-Farnell B, Yun B, George D, McLone DG, and Bremer EG
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- Animals, Base Sequence, Binding Sites genetics, Embryonic Development genetics, Female, Male, Mice, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, PAX3 Transcription Factor, Paired Box Transcription Factors metabolism, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Protein Binding, Sequence Analysis, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism, Transforming Growth Factor beta2, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Paired Box Transcription Factors genetics, Transforming Growth Factor beta genetics
- Abstract
Previously our laboratory identified TGFbeta2 as a potential downstream target of Pax3 by utilizing microarray analysis and promoter data base mining (Mayanil, C. S. K., George, D., Freilich, L., Miljan, E. J., Mania-Farnell, B. J., McLone, D. G., and Bremer, E. G. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 49299-49309). Here we report that Pax3 directly regulates TGFbeta2 transcription by binding to cis-regulatory elements within its promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that Pax3 bound to the cis-regulatory elements on the TGFbeta2 promoter (GenBanktrade mark accession number AF118263). Both TGFbeta2 promoter-luciferase activity measurements in transient cotransfection experiments and electromobility shift assays supported the idea that Pax3 regulates TGFbeta2 by directly binding to its cis-regulatory regions. Additionally, by using a combination of co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show that the TGFbeta2 cis-regulatory elements between bp 741-940 and bp 1012-1212 bind acetylated Pax3 and are associated with p300/CBP and histone deacetylases. The cis-regulatory elements between bp 741 and 940 in addition to associating with acetylated Pax3 and HDAC1 also associated with SIRT1. Whole mount in situ hybridization and quantitative real time reverse transcription-PCR showed diminished levels of TGFbeta2 transcripts in Pax3(-/-) mouse embryos (whose phenotype is characterized by neural tube defects) as compared with Pax3(+/+) littermates (embryonic day 10.0; 30 somite stage), suggesting that Pax3 regulation of TGFbeta2 may play a pivotal role during early embryonic development.
- Published
- 2006
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24. Potentiation of cell migration by adhesion-dependent cooperative signals from the GTPase Rac and Raf kinase.
- Author
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Leng J, Klemke RL, Reddy AC, and Cheresh DA
- Subjects
- 3T3 Cells, Actins metabolism, Animals, COS Cells, Cell Adhesion, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Mice, Oncogene Proteins v-raf, Cell Movement, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic metabolism, rac GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
The small GTPase Rac is thought to regulate cell movement by influencing actin cytoskeletal organization and membrane ruffling. However, cell migration also depends on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which can regulate myosin motor function, an event critical for cell contraction. Evidence is provided that, during active cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, Rac potentiates the MAPK pathway and influences cell migration by selectively synergizing with Raf kinase but not with Ras or MAPK kinase. In fact, the synergy between Rac and Raf kinase increases the chemotactic sensitivity of cells to epidermal growth factor by 1000-fold. Therefore, the role of Rac in cell migration not only depends on its ability to regulate actin cytoskeletal organization but also on its capacity to potentiate chemokine activation of MAPK in a manner that depends on active cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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25. Interaction of curcumin with human serum albumin--a spectroscopic study.
- Author
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Pulla Reddy AC, Sudharshan E, Appu Rao AG, and Lokesh BR
- Subjects
- Biological Transport, Curcumin metabolism, Humans, Protein Binding, Serum Albumin metabolism, Spectrum Analysis, Curcumin chemistry, Serum Albumin chemistry
- Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloyl methane) has a wide range of physiological and pharmacological actions. Curcumin interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) has been followed by fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism (CD) measurements. Based on fluorescence measurements, the equilibrium constant for the interaction is 2.0+/-0.2x10(5) M(-1). Binding of curcumin to HSA induces an extrinsic CD band in the visible region. From the induced CD band measurements, the equilibrium constant has a value of 2.1+/-0.3x10(4) M(-1). Thus, HSA has two kinds of affinity sites for curcumin, one with high affinity and the other with lower affinity. Job's plot indicated a binding stoichiometry of 1:1 for the high-affinity site. The equilibrium constant was invariant with temperature in the range of 15 to 45 degrees C, suggesting the role of hydrophobic interactions in the binding of curcumin to HSA. Curcumin does not change the conformation of the HSA molecule. These measurements have implications in the understanding of the curcumin transport under physiological conditions.
- Published
- 1999
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26. Channelling of intermediates in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in mammalian cells.
- Author
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Bladergroen BA, Geelen MJ, Reddy AC, Declercq PE, and Van Golde LM
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Toxins pharmacology, Calcium pharmacology, Carbon Radioisotopes, Cell Line, Cell Membrane Permeability drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Choline metabolism, Fibroblasts metabolism, Hemolysin Proteins pharmacology, Liver cytology, Liver metabolism, Models, Biological, Multienzyme Complexes metabolism, Phosphorylcholine metabolism, Rats, Phosphatidylcholines biosynthesis, Phosphatidylethanolamines biosynthesis
- Abstract
Previous studies with electropermeabilized cells have suggested the occurrence of metabolic compartmentation and Ca2+-dependent channeling of intermediates of phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis in C6 rat glioma cells. With a more accessible permeabilization technique, we investigated whether this is a more general phenomenon also occurring in other cell types and whether channeling is involved in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis as well. C6 rat glioma cells, C3H10T12 fibroblasts and rat hepatocytes were permeabilized with Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin, and the incorporation of the radiolabelled precursors choline, phosphocholine (P-choline), ethanolamine and phosphoethanolamine (P-EA) into PC and PE were measured both at high and low Ca2+ concentrations. In glioma cells, permeabilization at high Ca2+ concentration did not affect [14C]choline or [14C]P-choline incorporation into PC. However, reduction of free Ca2+ in the medium from 1.8 mM to <1 nM resulted in a dramatic increase in [14C]P-choline incorporation into permeabilized cells, whereas [14C]choline incorporation remained unaffected. Also, in fibroblasts, reduction of extracellular Ca2+ increased [14C]P-choline and [14C]P-EA incorporation into PC and PE respectively. In hepatocytes, a combination of alpha-toxin and low Ca2+ concentration severely impaired [14C]choline incorporation into PC. Therefore, alpha-toxin-permeabilized hepatocytes are not a good model in which to study channeling of intermediates in PC biosynthesis. In conclusion, our results indicate that channeling is involved in PC synthesis in glioma cells and fibroblasts. PE synthesis in fibroblasts is also at least partly dependent on channeling.
- Published
- 1998
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27. Effect of curcumin and eugenol on iron-induced hepatic toxicity in rats.
- Author
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Reddy AC and Lokesh BR
- Subjects
- Alanine Transaminase blood, Animals, Aspartate Aminotransferases blood, Ferrous Compounds administration & dosage, Injections, Intraperitoneal, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase blood, Lipid Peroxidation, Lipid Peroxides blood, Liver metabolism, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances metabolism, Curcumin pharmacology, Eugenol pharmacology, Ferrous Compounds toxicity, Liver drug effects
- Abstract
Male Wistar rats injected i.p. with 30 mg Fe2+/kg body weight show hepatic damage as measured by an increase in lipid peroxides which correlated with elevated serum enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Oral administration of spice principles, curcumin from turmeric (30 mg/kg body weight) or eugenol from cloves (100 mg/kg body weight), for 10 days lowered the liver and serum lipid peroxide levels, serum ALAT, ASAT and LDH, enhanced by i.p. injection of iron. This study indicates that curcumin or eugenol reduces the iron-induced hepatic damage by lowering lipid peroxidation.
- Published
- 1996
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28. Studies on the inhibitory effects of curcumin and eugenol on the formation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidation of ferrous iron.
- Author
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Reddy AC and Lokesh BR
- Subjects
- Deoxyribose metabolism, Hydroxyl Radical metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Superoxides metabolism, Xanthine, Xanthine Oxidase metabolism, Xanthines metabolism, Curcumin pharmacology, Eugenol pharmacology, Iron metabolism, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism
- Abstract
The spice principles curcumin (from turmeric) and eugenol (from cloves) are good inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation is known to be initiated by reactive oxygen species. The effect of curcumin and eugenol on the generation of reactive oxygen species in model systems were investigated. Both curcumin and eugenol inhibited superoxide anion generation in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system to an extent of 40% and 50% at concentrations of 75 microM and 250 microM respectively. Curcumin and eugenol also inhibited the generation of hydroxyl radicals (.OH) to an extent of 76% and 70% as measured by deoxyribose degradation. The .OH-radical formation measured by the hydroxylation of salicylate to 2,3-dihydroxy benzoate was inhibited to an extent of 66% and 46%, respectively, by curcumin and eugenol at 50 microM and 250 microM. These spice principles also prevented the oxidation of Fe2+ in Fentons reaction which generates .OH radicals.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Effect of dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat liver.
- Author
-
Reddy AC and Lokesh BR
- Subjects
- Animals, Catalase metabolism, Curcuma, Curcumin isolation & purification, Curcumin pharmacology, Diet, Glutathione Peroxidase metabolism, Liver metabolism, Male, Microsomes, Liver drug effects, Microsomes, Liver metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Reactive Oxygen Species, Sesquiterpenes, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Curcumin analogs & derivatives, Ferrous Compounds pharmacology, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Liver drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology
- Abstract
Male Wistar rats were fed a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 1% (by weight) turmeric for 10 wk. In rats injected with 30 mg Fe2+/kg body weight, lipid peroxidation was 29 and 35% lower in liver homogenates and microsomes, respectively, of turmeric-fed rats than in those of rats fed the control diet. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were higher (by 19, 19 and 20%, respectively) in liver homogenates of rats fed the turmeric-containing diet in comparison with the controls. These studies indicate that dietary turmeric lowers lipid peroxidation by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Studies on anti-inflammatory activity of spice principles and dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats.
- Author
-
Reddy AC and Lokesh BR
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Antioxidants pharmacology, Carrageenan toxicity, Curcumin administration & dosage, Curcumin therapeutic use, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Fats therapeutic use, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated administration & dosage, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated pharmacology, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated therapeutic use, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Edema chemically induced, Edema diet therapy, Eugenol administration & dosage, Eugenol therapeutic use, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 administration & dosage, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 therapeutic use, Fatty Acids, Omega-6, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated administration & dosage, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated pharmacology, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated therapeutic use, Food, Fortified standards, Foot pathology, Inflammation chemically induced, Inflammation diet therapy, Inflammation pathology, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Vitamin E administration & dosage, Vitamin E pharmacology, Curcumin pharmacology, Dietary Fats pharmacology, Edema pathology, Eugenol pharmacology, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 pharmacology
- Abstract
The antioxidant spice principles curcumin and eugenol when given by gavage lowered the carrageenan-induced edema in the foot pads of rats. This lowering effect was dependent on the concentration, the time gap between the administration of spice principles and the induction of inflammation by carrageenan. Dietary lipids also influenced the extent of inflammation. Animals fed 10% cod liver oil [containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)] for 10 weeks showed a significantly lower inflammation compared to that observed in animals fed diets supplemented with 10% groundnut oil (rich in n-6 PUFA) or 10% coconut oil (rich in medium-chain saturated fatty acids). Supplementation of diets with 1 weight% of curcumin did not affect the inflammatory responses of animals to carrageenan injection. However, supplementation of diets with 0.17 weight% eugenol further lowered inflammation by 16, 32 and 30% in animals fed coconut oil, groundnut oil and cod liver oil, respectively. Therefore, combinations of dietary lipids with spice principles like eugenol can help in lowering inflammation.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Positioning hospitals: a model for regional hospitals.
- Author
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Reddy AC and Campbell DP
- Subjects
- Georgia, Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299, Hospital Planning organization & administration, Models, Organizational, Organizational Objectives, Planning Techniques, Product Line Management organization & administration, Program Development methods, Hospitals, Public organization & administration, Marketing of Health Services methods
- Abstract
In an age of marketing warfare in the health care industry, hospitals need creative strategies to compete successfully. Lately, positioning concepts have been added to the health care marketer's arsenal of strategies. To blend theory with practice, the authors review basic positioning theory and present a framework for developing positioning strategies. They also evaluate the marketing strategies of a regional hospital to provide a case example.
- Published
- 1993
32. Studies on spice principles as antioxidants in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes.
- Author
-
Reddy AC and Lokesh BR
- Subjects
- Animals, Curcumin pharmacology, Eugenol pharmacology, Hot Temperature, In Vitro Techniques, Iron pharmacology, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Antioxidants pharmacology, Condiments, Lipid Peroxidation physiology, Microsomes, Liver metabolism
- Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are vulnerable to peroxidative attack. Protecting PUFA from peroxidation is essential to utilize their beneficial effects in health and in preventing disease. The antioxidants vitamin E, t-butylhydroxy toluene (BHT) and t-butylhydroxy anisole (BHA) inhibited ascorbate/Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. In addition, a number of spice principles, for example, curcumin (5-50 microM) from turmeric, eugenol (25-150 microM) from cloves and capsaicin (25-150 microM) from red chillies inhibited lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Zingerone from ginger inhibited lipid peroxidation at high concentrations (greater than 150 microM) whereas linalool (coriander), piperine (black pepper) and cuminaldehyde (cumin) had only marginal inhibitory effects even at high concentrations (600 microM). The inhibition of lipid peroxidation by curcumin and eugenol was reversed by adding high concentrations of Fe2+.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Reducing health care cost by demarketing benefits.
- Author
-
Reddy AC
- Subjects
- Insurance Claim Review, United States, Community Participation economics, Cost Control methods, Health Benefit Plans, Employee statistics & numerical data, Insurance, Health statistics & numerical data
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Acute guinea-worm synovitis of the knee joint.
- Author
-
Sivaramappa M, Reddy CR, Devi CS, Reddy AC, Reddy PK, and Murthy DP
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Dracunculiasis diagnosis, Dracunculus Nematode isolation & purification, Humans, Inhalation, Knee diagnostic imaging, Knee surgery, Male, Middle Aged, Patella diagnostic imaging, Radiography, Synovial Fluid analysis, Synovial Fluid pathology, Synovial Membrane pathology, Dracunculiasis complications, Knee Joint, Synovitis etiology
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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