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The demand for electric power has consistently been on the rise, owing to urbanisation and technological improvements. On the generation side, renewable sources have been favoured over their polluting, exhaustible, non‐renewable counterparts. These changes in the power system have necessitated a system for maintaining the supply‐demand balance, to maintain system stability. A complex power system is also more prone to blackouts and grid failure. Islanding helps in provision of supply to consumers in a microgrid, reducing the possibility of a blackout. Depending on the power demand and generation, loads need to be shed or restored to mitigate power imbalances. A wide area distribution management system (WADMS) is proposed to dynamically shed and restore loads in the islanded mode, with the aid of micro phasor measurement units (µPMUs). A priority and consumer‐based load shedding and restoration (PCLS) algorithm is proposed in the WADMS that preferentially sheds or restores loads based on their assigned load priority indices and number of consumers. The algorithm has been tested on a modified IEEE 13 bus system, incorporated with a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, diesel generators (DGs) and an energy storage system (ESS) in MATLAB Simulink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique based on parabolic extrapolation has been presented for thermoelectric generator systems. Conventional MPPT methods require a closed-loop controller and perturb and observe (P&O) method to provide fast-tracking response. However, they produce power loss due to small oscillations in the steady state. The proposed method excludes the use of closed-loop controller and steady-state oscillations by directly estimating the coordinates of MPP using three random operating points on the parabolic P-I curve. To substantiate the effectiveness of the parabolic extrapolation-based MPPT algorithm, different conditions of temperature gradient and load have been applied. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm takes <15% of the time taken by P&O method to track the MPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phasor measurement unit (PMU) has uniquely blended the contributions of modern information and communication technology in terms of time synchronization and fast data transmission to emerge as the smart sensor for advanced protection methodologies in smart power grids (SPG). The latency issue associated with the functionality of PMUs has made synchrophasors assisted protection algorithms suitable for backup protection, so as to efficiently prevent events, such as mal-operation of relays under load encroachment as well as other stressed situations. This paper proposes a novel methodology to prevent Zone-3 mal-operation of distance relays during load encroachment using the synchrophasor measurements obtained from PMUs installed in a widely-spread power system network. The proposed algorithm is to be implemented in transmission line protection center (TPC), where the synchronized three phase voltage and current phasors acquired from the PMUs are transferred to Phasor data concentrator (PDC) and are used to calculate the impedances seen by the relays in real time. A load encroachment situation and a faulty situation can be distinguished by comparing the impedances seen by primary and backup relays installed at different buses for protecting their respective transmission lines. Numerous case studies have been conducted in WSCC-9 bus system modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC environment to validate the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]