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Additional file 2: Figure s1. Phylogeny of all cytochrome P450s and their relative expression levels. The eight cytochrome P450s that were differentially expressed between insecticide-resistant and susceptible glassy winged sharpshooters, and which had higher expression in resistant individuals, are highlighted in the tree in orange. A heatmap displays the variance stabilized counts for each cytochrome P450 across all sharpshooters sampled.

Eridantes diodontos new species (Figures 1 –8, 10– 15) Type material. HOLOTYPE MALE: U.S.A.: Arizona: Yavapai County; E of Prescott off Hwy 169 (~ 8.7 km (5.4 mi) W of Interstate 17), 2.25 km (1.4 mi) NNE on W Cherry Creek Rd, 4.18 km (2.6 mi) E from road junction; Elev. 1446 m (4744 ft) [(NAD 27 datum) 34 º 32 ' 53 "N 112 º02' 20 "W] 7 Jan 2002; extracted from: red willow, Arizona ash, apple, scrub oak leaf litter; Coll.: T.R. Prentice (CAS 18696). ALLOTYPE FEMALE: same data as holotype (CAS). OTHER PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 23 (13, CAS; 13, definitive molt 24 Jan 2002, AMNH). Other material examined. Same data as holotype: 43 (def. molts: 20 Jan 13, 24 Jan 13, 28 Jan 2002 13), 8 Ƥ (def. molts: 19 Jan 2 Ƥ, 20 Jan 1 Ƥ, 22 Jan 2 Ƥ, 29 Jan 2002 1 Ƥ); U.S.A.: Arizona: Cochise County; Southwestern Research Station, ~ 8.4 km (5.2 mi) SW (road miles) of Portal; Elev. 1646 m (5400 ft) [31 º 53 '00"N 109 º 12 ' 24 "W] (mileage and lat/long data generated by authors) 1 Ƥ, 10 Aug 1976, Coll.: Steve Johnson; Mexico: San Luis Potosí; San Luis Potosí (city), 6.4 km (4 mi.) W; Elev. 1990 m (6530 ft) (Google Earth elevation shown for given lat/long) [22 º 10 ' N 101 º04' W] 13 1 Ƥ, 7 June 1941 (2 nd label in vial with coordinates states collection date as 7 July; presumed not to be original label); Coll.: A. M. & L. I. Davis (specimens in AMNH). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek language and is masculine in gender in accordance with the genus name, the prefix di meaning two and odontos meaning tooth, referring to the two distal teeth (dorsal and ventral) of the male palpal tibial apophysis. Diagnosis. Males are easily distinguished from E. erigonoides by the more elevated cephalic lobe (Fig 1), higher position of the prosomal pits in relation to the PLE (Fig 1), angular (Fig 2) rather than rounded anterior margin of the cephalic lobe, and shape and position of the two distal projections of the tibial apophysis (Figs 6–8) (see Crosby & Bishop 1933, figs 150–153, 155 for comparisons) and from E. utibilis by the more elevated position of the prosomal pits, anterior margin of cephalic lobe and clypeal margin more in line (Fig 1), recessed area between the lateral sulci much more expansive (Fig 1), shape of the tibial apophysis with two terminal teeth (Figs 4–6) versus a pointed triangular apophysis (see Crosby & Bishop 1933, figures 159–161, 163 for comparisons), and slender tip of the embolus (Fig 5) versus a flattened bifurcate tip (see Paquin & Dupèrrè 2006, fig 25). Females are separated from those of E. erigonoides by the inverted (seemingly) T-shaped transverse posterior portion of the median plate and posteriorly directed ectal arms of the m-shaped internal carinae (Figs 15, 16; see Crosby & Bishop 1933, figs 158 and Paquin & Dupérré 2003, fig 957 for comparison) and from E. utibilis by the presence of the inverted T-shaped transverse portion of the median plate and visible m-shaped internal carinae (Figs 15, 16), both lacking in the latter species (see Paquin & Dupérré 2006, figure 28 for comparison). Description. Holotype male: total length 1.7. Carapace: length 0.78, width 0.61, cephalic width/carapace width 0.7, cephalic lobe present, carrying the PME (Figs 1, 2), PME 1.0 diameters (long diameter) from the anterior margin of lobe, lobe width 0.28, widest at anterior ectal margin, lobe width/cephalic width 0.6,yellowishorange, more yellowish toward posterior, darker in the cephalic region, infuscated between posterior mid-line seta and base of cephalic lobe, margin with dark gray or black encircling band; in dorsal outline (Fig 2) a slight constriction at the cephalic groove, from groove anterior margin evenly curved; anterior margin of cephalic lobe broadly angulate (rounded in E. erigonoides), anterior corners more or less in line with posterior margin of ALE, PLE barely visible; lateral margins of lobe (dorsal sulci) parallel, dorsal setae on lobe procurved, anterior setae (from mid-line) curved ectally downward, margin with black encircling band, reduced in width anterior to level of coxa of palp; carapace in lateral view (Fig 1) rising from posterior in nearly straight line to the level of the long posterior seta (anterior end of dorsal groove), then slightly and narrowly flattened to base of lobe, continuing in straight rise and then gently curving from level of posterior end of cavity toward highest point just posterior of PME, cephalic height 0.39, gently curving downward, most anterior point slightly overhanging concave portion which continues to AME (AME visible from above), one long dorsal mid-line setae, anterior socket with seta missing (in males with both setae present, anterior is also long but slightly shorter than posterior), length of posterior 0.16; cephalic lobe with small prosomal pit slightly above and behind PLE (more or less in line with PE group), pit at anterior end of relatively large cavity, surface smooth and shiny and bounded by lateral sulci, cavity widest near mid-length; clypeus slightly convex, single clypeal seta midway between AME and ventral margin of clypeus, clypeal height 0.15; clypeus, lower edge of pars cephalica, and pars thoracica with fine squamate microsculpture. Chelicerae: relatively stout, similar to color of anterior thoracic region, with clearly visible stridulatory striae, striae overlapping and auxiliary striae present (Fig 10); inner anterior surface with three small setulose tubercles, one additional between the distal two on anteromesal face near cheliceral teeth; anterior margin with five teeth, second proximal largest, posterior margin with four large denticles. Eyes: PME 0.05; ALE largest 1.2 X PME diameter, PLE only slightly larger than AME, AME smallest 0.04, separated from each other by approximately the radius of one and from the ALE by approximately one diameter; both eye rows procurved (AER viewed from in front); AME and LE groups and each PME encircled in black. Sternum and pedicel: both width and length of sternum 0.48, posterior extension between coxae IV broad, width slightly less than coxal width; setae relatively long and oriented toward mid-line, 0.4–0.5 X length of posterior dorsal mid-line seta; color yellowish orange, similar to that of cephalic region, margin narrowly infuscated; sternite and pleurites of pedicel juxtaposed. Abdomen: color black without pattern, seta on dorsal and ventral surfaces reclined and relatively dense, epigastric plates over booklungs yellowish, similar in color to posterior portion of carapace; stridulatory striae not visible at 125 X but SEM images reveal squamate striae (Fig 11); spinnerets whitish. Legs: leg formula IV-I-II-III, dorsal tibial spines 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, respectively, TmI 0.46, TmIV absent, TiI l/d 5.3; leg I length/carapace length 2.45; tarsal claws pectinate (visible at 200 X), superior claws of tarsi I & II with tines throughout length of claws, decreasing in length toward claw base, tines on tarsal claws III & IV fewer in number, only on basal portion of claws. Pedipalp: length femur/length femur I 0.66; tibia widest medially, tibial apophysis widest near half-length, with two teeth, darkened dorsal tooth bluntly pointed on mesal side, squared off on ectal side, the longer black ventral tooth extending in a tapering fashion from level of squared off ectal edge of dorsal tooth toward ectal edge of the tibia and with the more ectally angled distal end tapering abruptly to a point (Figs 6–8); tibial trichbothria: one prolateral, one retrolateral (Fig 8). Bulb: cymbium small only slightly longer than patella, cymbium length/femur length 0.56; paracymbium fully visible only in ventral view (similar in shape to that of E. erigonoides; see Kaston 1948; fig 571), narrowly underlying proximoventral margin of mesal side of cymbium (Fig 5: P); tegulum ventrally protuberant (Figs 6, 7: T), in mesal and mesoventral views distal margin on mesal side of protegulum appearing carinate (Fig 5, 7); protegulum small, not well developed (Fig 6: PT); terminus of tailpiece (Fig 5:TP) angularly rounded at sclerotized margin of suprategulum near cymbial margin, angled at dorsal transition to narrowed visible part, narrowed sclerite split into ventral and dorsal components between which lies membranous region of the radix (Fig 5: R) into which sperm duct passes through membranous column (Fig 5: SD, CL), dorsal and ventral sclerites merge into single sclerite distal to entry point of sperm duct, single sclerite continuing toward ectal side of bulb as a wide flattened embolic division (Fig 5: ED; with a membranous component) which tapers as it coils back to mesal side of bulb where slender tip (Fig 5: E) is supported by tegulum just inside of carinate apical margin on mesal side of bulb, sperm duct carried by membranous constituent (Figs 5–7: M) to ectoventral point of embolic curve where duct enters sclerotized portion; suprategulum sclerotized dorsally (Fig 5: SPT), terminal portion of DSA supports coiled embolus on ectal to ectoventral portions of embolus (Fig 6: DSA). Description. Allotype female: total length 1.9. Carapace: length 0.81, width 0.65, cephalic width/carapace width 0.75; coloration dark yellowish-orange in cephalic region, clypeus and area between eye rows lightly infuscated, more yellowish posteriorly; in lateral view (Fig 3) rising steeply from base to approximately the level of posterior face of coxa II, then more-or-less rising in even arc, to highest point just posteriad of PME, height 0.34, then dropping in even arc to AME; clypeus relatively straight, sloping anteriorly to most anterior point at ventral margin of clypeus, height 0.12, single clypeal seta at about 0.55 X distance between ventral margin of clypeus and AME; three long setae between dorsal groove and PME, from posterior to anterior decreasing in length, posterior seta 0.16; clypeus, ventral margin of pars cephalica, and pars thoracica with squamate microsculpture; in dorsal view (Fig 4) with slight constriction (gently concave) near cephalic groove, cephalic region evenly rounded in front, width greatest at about level of anterior face of coxa II. Chelicerae: coloration as in pars cephalica, moderately stout with clearly visible stridulatory striae, striae overlapping (Fig 12), medial striae (central striae between anterior and posterior cheliceral margins) more interrupted than in male, auxiliary striae present (Fig 12), margins of fang furrows equipped with five teeth on anterior margin and four relatively large denticles on posterior margin, two small setose tubercles on inner face of anterior surface, 1 additional tubercle on dorsomesal face close to proximal tooth on the anterior margin. Eyes: PME 0.05, separated from each other by 0.9 X the diameter, ALE subequal to PME, AME smallest, separated by 0.50–0.6 X the diameter of one, PLE slightly smaller than ALE, PME–PLE 1.3 X PME diameter, PME–AME 1.5 X PME diameter, AME–ALE 1.5 X AME diameter, both eye rows procurved (AER viewed from in front), PE and AME groups, and each PME encircled in black. Sternum and pedicel: coloration yellowish orange as in cephalic region, length and width 0.50, margin and extension between coxae IV infuscated; sternite and pleurites of pedicel separated by membrane (juxtaposed in male). Abdomen: setation, coloration of abdomen, spinnerets, and booklung plates (Fig 13) as in holotype. Legs: leg formula IV-I-II- III, dorsal tibial spines 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, respectively, TmI 0.49, TmIV absent, TiI l/d 4.9, leg I length/ carapace length 2.41; pectination of tarsal claws as in male holotype. Pedipalp: tibial trichobothria, two retrolateral, one prolateral. Epigynum: width 0.23, length 0.17; median plate forming an inverted (seemingly) T-shaped structure (Figs 14, 16:MP; true shape (Fig 15: MP; furrow defining division between median and ventral plates not visible at 125 X magnification); copulatory openings at junction of median and ventral plates at anterior termini of transverse component of median plate (Figs 14–16: CO, MP, VP, respectively); longitudinal component of median plate with sides appearing roughly parallel (Figs 14, 16: MP); darkened lateral carinae (Fig 14: IC) of median plate (stemming from anterior end of longitudinal component) loop laterally and extend posteriorly, together with carinae of the longitudinal component of median plate forming an m-shaped pattern (Figs 14–16); spermathecae kidney-beanshaped (Figs 14, 16: S) with dorsolateral orientation, posterolaterally positioned, just anterior of and lateral to termini of transverse arm of median plate. Variation. Males (n= 7). Total length 1.55–1.7. Carapace: length 0.69–0.78, width 0.55–0.61, cephalic height 0.34–0.39; clypeal height 0.13–0.15, coloration varying from dark yellowish orange to yellow, but darker in cephalic region becoming more pale toward base of cephalothorax, area between eyes and clypeus often with light infuscation, one or both of long mid-line dorsal setae sometimes missing but sockets always visible, posterior seta longest 0.14–0.16, position of single seta above ventral margin of clypeus 0.5–0.7 X total distance from ventral margin to AME. Chelicerae: anterior teeth four right, five left in one male. Eyes: size of eyes varies in diameter but ALE usually the largest followed by PME, PLE generally intermediate between PME and AME, AME smallest separated by a quarter to a half AME diameter, PME–PME 1.2–1.8 X PME diameter, AME–ALE 1.0– 1.4 X AME diameter, lateral eyes contiguous. Sternum: length and width 0.43–0.48. Legs: varying from yellowish orange to pale yellow; TmI 0.45–0.50, TiI l/d 4.7–5.3. Pedipalp: palpal femur 0.63–0.67 X length of femur I (mean 0.65) and half the length of carapace. Female s (n= 11). Total length 1.6–2.1. Carapace: length 0.71–0.86, width 0.55–0.66, cephalic height 0.30–0.38, clypeal height 0.11–0.13, coloration varying as in males, one or more of the 3 long mid-line dorsal setae sometimes missing but sockets always visible, decreasing in length from posterior to anterior, posterior 0.16–0.21, position of single seta above ventral margin of clypeus 0.60–0.75 X total distance from ventral margin to AME. Eyes: variation in diameter and relative size as in males, AME–AME 0.3–0.9 X AME diameter, AME–ALE 0.8–1.4 XAME diameter, PME–PME 0.7–1.1 X PME diameter, PME–PLE 1.2–1.6 X PME diameter, PME–AME 1.4 –2.0. Sternum: length and width 0.45–0.52. Legs: coloration varies as in males; TmI 0.44–0.55, TiI l/d 4.4–5.2. Epigynum: width greater than length, length/width 0.70–75; under microscope (125 X): width of (apparent) horizontal component of median plate varying in length (anterior to posterior), vertical component of median plate with internal carinae usually parallel, occasionally with anterior portion narrower than posterior, spermathecae elliptical, or kidney-bean-shaped (medial surface concave), usually oriented anterolaterally occasionally somewhat less laterally and more dorsally. Distribution. Eridantes diodontos n. sp. has been collected from two localities in Arizona, the Southwestern Research Station near Portal in Cochise County and the type locality north of State Highway 169 in Yavapai County, and from one locality in Mexico west of the city of San Luis Potosí (Fig 17). In Arizona the species was taken from mixed leaf litter consisting of red willow, Arizona ash, apple, scrub oak. Phenology. Collection dates and definitive molts of both sexes (from Arizona) suggest that individuals mature in December, January, and probably early February. Males can be still be found at least as late as early June and females as late as August. FIGURE 17. Distribution map of the three known Eridantes species: E. erigonoides,; E. utibilis,; E. diodontos,Ǻ.

Eridantes Crosby & Bishop, 1933 Type species. Lophocarenum erigonoides Emerton, 1882 by original designation. Diagnosis. Eridantes is distinguished from those of all other similar linyphiid genera (Crosbyarachne Charitnov, Dismodicus Simon, Baryphyma Simon, and Satilatlas Keyserling) by the following two male characters: the mesal rather than ectal position of the paracymbium (narrowly underlying the proximomesal edge of the cymbium; Figs 5, 9: P) and the broadly divided dorsal and ventral sclerites of the largely membranous radix (Figs 5, 9: R). We propose that the above character states are synapomorphies of Eridantes. Females are most likely to be confused with those of Pocadicnemus Simon (P. pumilla (Blackwall), P. americana Millidge, and P. occidentalis Millidge) but can be readily distinguished by the flattened epigynum (ventrally protruding in Pocadicnemus), the medially positioned metatarsal trichobothrium (distally positioned in Pocadicnemus), and the absence of TmIV (present in Pocadicnemus). Description. Length 1.5���1.9. Dorsal tibial spines 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, Tm IV absent, tarsal claws pectinate, both eye rows procurved (AER viewed from in front), cheliceral and abdominal stridulatory structures present (Figs 10���13). Males: presence of PME cephalic lobe, prosomal pits, and lateral sulci (Figs 1, 2); absence of spine on palpal patella; sternite and pleurites of pedicel juxtaposed; paracymbium narrowly underlying proximomesal edge of cymbium (Figs 5, 9: P) but dorsoectally articulated with base of cymbium (this portion of paracymbium not visible in unexpanded bulb); sperm duct with sudden constriction prior to entry into suprategulum, protegulum weakly developed, tailpiece flattened and bent near ventral edge of sclerotized portion of suprategulum (Figs 5, 9: TP), column membranous (Figs 5, 9: CL), both distal (Fig 6: DSA) and marginal suprategular apophyses (Fig 9: MSA) present (the latter very difficult to see in E. diodontos n. sp. but distinguishable in many males; presence undetermined in E. utibilis), radical division largely membranous with sclerites broadly divided around membranous portion of radix (Figs 5, 9: R), embolic division (Figs 5, 9: ED) in the form of an apical attenuate semicircularly curved sclerotized structure winding from the thickened dorsomesal portion toward dorsoectal edge and back toward the ventromesal edge (Figs 5, 9: E), slender embolic tip (flattened and bifurcate in E. utibilis) lying inside the distomesal edge of the tegulum, true embolic membrane (see Hormiga 1994) absent but sperm duct leaving radix and entering embolic division within a membranous sheath prior to entering the sclerotized portion of embolus, membrane (Figs 5, 9: M) articulated with sclerotized portion throughout length of embolus (membranous condition undetermined in E. utibilis). Females: epigynum of E. erigonoides and E. diodontos n. sp., with mshaped internal carinae visible in ventral view (refer to Crosby & Bishop 1933: fig 158; Figs 14, 16, respectively); epigynum of E. utibilis with an elongate, triangular structure, posteriorly broad and bluntly pointed anteriorly with spermathecae closely adjacent near posterior margin (refer to Paquin & Duperre 2006: fig 28)., Published as part of Prentice, Thomas R. & Redak, Richard A., 2013, A new species of the spider genus Eridantes Crosby & Bishop from the southwestern United States and mainland Mexico with a revised diagnosis of the genus (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae), pp. 357-366 in Zootaxa 3616 (4) on page 358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3616.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/220399

Prentice, Thomas R., Redak, Richard A. (2013): A new species of the spider genus Eridantes Crosby & Bishop from the southwestern United States and mainland Mexico with a revised diagnosis of the genus (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae). Zootaxa 3616 (4): 357-366, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.4.4

Esophyllas vetteri new species (Figures 1 ���20, 38��� 41) Type material. HOLOTYPE MALE: U.S.A.: California: Riverside County: San Jacinto Mountains, E Canyon Cedar Springs Trail (4 E 17) off Morris Ranch Rd. off Hwy 74: 1790.1 m [33 �� 39 ' 39.2 "N 116 �� 34 ' 48.2 "W] 31 Dec 2003, oak leaf litter, R. Vetter (CAS 18596) ALLOTYPE FEMALE: same data as holotype (CAS, in vial with holotype). ADDITIONAL PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 23 (CAS: 13; UCRC 51392: 13); San Jacinto Mountains, E Canyon Cedar Springs Trail (4 E 17) off Morris Ranch Rd. off Hwy 74, 1755.3 m [33 �� 39 ' 30 "N 116 �� 34 ' 51 "W] 23, 20 Jan 2004, oak leaf litter along running creek, E. F. Drake (CAS: 13; AMNH: 13). Other material examined. U.S.A.: California: Riverside County: San Jacinto Mountains: E Canyon Cedar Springs Trail (4 E 17) off Morris Ranch Rd. off Hwy 74: 1755.3 m [33 �� 39 ' 30 "N 116 �� 34 ' 51 "W] 113 55 ��, 20 Jan 2004, oak leaf litter along running creek, E. F. Drake (CAS: 1 ��; AMNH: 1 ��); 1740.1 m [33 �� 39 ' 26.8 "N 116 �� 34 ' 55.7 "W] 13 6 ��, 1���6 Jan 2004, oak leaf litter along running creek, S of switchbacks, C. Hartley & S. Fitzgerald; 1790.1 m [33 �� 39 ' 39.2 "N 116 �� 34 ' 48.2 "W] 123 23 ��, 31 Dec 2003 (CAS: 1 ��; UCRC 51393: 1 ��); 1828.8 m [33 �� 39 ' 42 "N 116 �� 34 ' 41 "W] 3 ��, 29 Mar 2001; 2063.5 m [33 �� 40 '00"N 116 �� 34 ' 31 "W], 2 ��, 29 Mar 2001, oak leaf litter; 1706.8 m [33 �� 39 ' 20.1 "N 116 �� 35 '07.3"W] 13 ��, 11 Mar 2001, under snow and oak leaves; ~ 1860 m [33 �� 39 ' 42 "N 116 �� 34 ' 38 "W] 1 ��, 7 Jan 2001, in sharp-leafed oak duff, R. Vetter; James Reserve (Lake Fulmor area): 0.5 km NE of Hwy 243, E side of bridge over tributary to upper Indian Creek, 1634.3 m [33 �� 48 ' 28 "N 116 �� 46 ' 37 "W] 13, 8 Oct 2001, T. R. Prentice & R. A. Redak, in oak and pine litter; 23, 8 Oct 2001, R. Vetter, Quercus kelloggi and Ponderosa leaf litter; 1631 m [33 �� 48 ' 26 "N 116 �� 46 ' 39.7 "W] 23, 25 Sept 1981, oak litter, J. A. Moore; Lake Fulmor, ~ 1632 m [~ 33 �� 48 ' 19 "N 116 �� 46 ' 48 "W] 113 19 ��, Nov 1967, collector unknown; Fobes Ranch Rd. off Hwy 74, 1464.9 m [33 �� 39 ' 24.8 "N 116 �� 38 '01.2"W] 13 1 ��, 31 Dec 2001, in Neotoma nest, R. Vetter; San Bernardino Mountains, N of Cabazon near Kitching Peak trailhead: 1351.2 m (1745.9 m on original label with given coordinates) [33 �� 59 ' 40 "N 116 �� 45 ' 52 "W] 13 5 ��, 6 Mar 2004; 10 ��, 29 Feb 2004, in oak leaf duff, E. F. Drake; 1288.7 m [33 �� 59 ' 44.4 "N 116 �� 45 ' 45.1 "W] 13 2 ��, 4 Jan 2004, in oak/box elder duff, C. S. Hartley & S Fitzgerald; Joshua Tree National Park (Monument in 1977), Covington Flats, 1550 m [34 ��01' 30 "N 116 �� 19 ' 33 "W] 1 ��, 17 Jun 1977, in packrat nest, K.W. Cooper; San Bernardino County: San Bernardino Mountains: 7.6 km E of Angelus Oaks general store on Hwy 38, 1867.8 m [34 ��09' 38 "N 116 �� 55 ' 26 "W] 5 ��, 26 Apr 2004, very dry oak duff, R. Vetter; 0.8 miles E of Angelus Oaks general store on Hwy 38, 1858.1 m [34 ��09' 24.2 "N 116 �� 55 ' 52.9 "W] 33 10 ��, in Quercus kelloggi duff; 6.4 km E of Angelus Oaks general store, Forsee Creek, 1834.6 m [34 ��09'26.0"N 116 �� 55 ' 52.7 "W] 2 ��, 1 Feb 2004, in oak duff, R. Vetter; Forest Falls area: ~ 4.5 km E on Valley of the Falls Rd. from junction with Hwy 38, N of road and Mill Creek, near creek bed just E of Alger Creek tributary, 1670.6 m [34 ��05' 17.8 "N 116 �� 54 ' 48.8 "W] 13 (def. molt 18���20 Dec 2001), 28 May 2001; 1 ��, 17 Apr 2001; 1830 m [34 ��05' 17.8 "N 116 �� 54 ' 48.8 "W] 1 ��, 17 Apr 2001, live oak leaf litter, T. R. Prentice & R. A. Redak; 23 12 ��, 25 Mar 2001, Quercus kelloggi leaf litter, R. Vetter; near Vivian Creek trailhead (1 E08), 1828.8 m [34 ��04' 48.5 "N 116 �� 53 '38.0"W] 6 ��, 25 Mar 2001, in dry oak duff, R. Vetter; 4.5 miles E on Valley of the Falls Rd. from junction with Hwy 38, falls recreation area, S of road to parking area between Vivian and Falls creeks, 1831.8 m [34 ��04' 48.5 "N 116 �� 53 '38.0"W] 1 ��, 28 May 2001; between road and Mill Creek, 1656.9 m [34 ��05' 17.8 "N 116 �� 54 ' 59.1 "W] 2 ��; 17 Apr 2001, live oak leaf litter, T. R. Prentice & R. A. Redak; off Hwy 38 W end of Camp Metoche, near Seven Oaks, 1645.9 m [34 �� 10 ' 54 "N 116 �� 53 ' 27 "W] 1 ��, 8 June 2003, N facing slope in oak/pine duff, R. Vetter; off Hwy 38 on Glass Rd. toward Seven Oaks, 1674.6 m [34 �� 10 ' 27 "N 116 �� 54 '01"W] 1 ��, 5 Oct 2001, in oak duff, R. Vetter; off Hwy 38, 0.8 km E of Glass Rd. on Seven Oaks Rd., big oak tree E of 1 st bridge, 1660.6 m [34 �� 11 '07"N 116 �� 53 ' 55 "W] 3 ��, 5 Oct 2001, in oak duff, R. Vetter; �� 1.6 km off Hwy 38 on Glass Rd. toward Seven Oaks, 1816.6 m [34 �� 10 ' 29 "N 116 �� 54 '00"W] 1 ��, 6 Jun 2003, in oak duff; 6 ��, 6 May 2001, in deciduous oak leaf duff (Q. kelloggi), R. Vetter; Hwy 38, 0.97 km E of E turnoff to Jenks Lake Rd., 1980.6 m [34 �� 10 ' 14 "N 116 �� 50 ' 29 "W] 3 ��, 6 May 2001, in oak duff, R. Vetter; Hwy 38, Fish Creek tributary of Santa Ana River, 200 m W of creek, 250 m S of Hwy 38, 1976.6 m [34 �� 10 '06.5"N 116 �� 49 '09.8"W] 2 ��, 7 Apr 2002, in oak and Ponderosa pine leaf litter, T. R. Prentice; Hwy 38, 1 km (0.6 mi) E of Heartbar campground turnoff, 2055 m [34 ��09' 48 "N 116 �� 47 ' 35 "W] 1 ��, 6 May 2001, scrub oak duff, R. Vetter; 6.4 km N of Yucca Valley, 1207.6 m [34 ��09'09"N 116 �� 29 '02"W] 4 ��, 21 May 1982, packrat nest, K. W. Cooper; San Diego County: Mount Laguna: Desert View picnic area, 1812 m [32 �� 52 ' 10.9 "N 116 �� 24 ' 51.8 "W] 13 1 ��, 19 Oct 2001, oak leaf litter; 4 ��, 4 Apr 2001 in Manzanita/ oak (Q. kelloggi) leaf duff; Mt. Laguna fire station, 1822.4 m [32 �� 51 ' 27.3 "N 116 �� 25 ' 21.9 "W] 1 ��, 4 Apr 2001, in oak duff, L. Merrill & R. Vetter. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Richard S. Vetter who collected the majority of the specimens and amassed additional specimens collected by various fellow workers. Diagnosis. Males are easily distinguished from those of E. synankylis n. sp. by the shorter embolus division and parallel sided embolus proper (Fig 6: E; compare with Fig 26), the long attenuate tibial apophysis (Fig 10) with shorter acutely reflexed barb (Figs 7���9; compare with Figs 27���29), and shorter legs relative to carapace length, leg I length/carapace length ratios of 2.29���2.50; in E. synankylis n. sp. the tibial apophysis is in the form of a narrow ectally angled apical arm with longer and stouter acutely reflexed barb (Figs 28, 29) and leg I length/carapace length ratios of 2.58���2.81. Females are usually easily distinguished by the larger and more narrowly separated spermathecae (Fig 11: S; compare with Fig 30), separation less than spermathecal diameter (long diameter if elliptical rather than circular), in E. synankylis n. sp., separation is usually greater than diameter of spermathecae (Fig 30) except in specimens from the San Gabriel Mountains in which separation is often equal to or less than diameter; in such cases, when direct comparison is not possible, dorsal view of the cleared epigynum will easily distinguish the respective female (Fig 12; compare with Fig 31). Description. Holotype male. Total length ~ 1.2. Carapace: length 0.54, width 0.41, tannish-yellow, more faded toward posterior and toward top of cephalic lobe, margin with narrow encircling black band, lightly infuscated behind cephalic lobe, AME and LE groups, and PME encircled in black; pars thoracica, lower edge of pars cephalica, and clypeus with fine squamate microsculpture (Fig 17), cuticular pores present but not abundant (Figs 17, 18); egg shaped in dorsal view, narrower in front (Fig 2), prosomal pit (Fig 1) subequal to AME diameter, cephalic sulci most easily viewed from above (Fig 2), cephalic height 0.35, anterior setae near apex of lobe directed anteroventrally, clypeus 0.25 X cephalic height, single recurved seta below AME, cephalic width 0.20, cephalic width/carapace width 0.49. Chelicerae: yellowish-orange, 4 promarginal teeth and 2 retomarginal denticles; stridulating striae ridged (Fig 13), cuticular plectra at base of palpal femur on medial face. Eyes: ALE largest ~ 1.2 X PME diameter, PME further from each other than from contiguous LE group, AME smallest, close together, both eye rows recurved with line through center of PMEs extending across anterior border of ALE (dorsal view). Sternum & pedicel: sternum lighter than carapace, narrowly infuscated around margin, length 0.33, width 0.30, widest between coxae I & II, extended broadly between coxae IV, posterior width subequal to width of coxa IV, ventral surface highly convex, with sparse recumbent setae directed toward center; pedicel with sternite and pleurites separated by membrane at least distally. Abdomen: pattern consisting of eight chevron-shaped or recurved gray-black to black bands (Fig 5: generalized abdominal pattern), densely covered with caudally directed decumbent setae; epigastric plates over booklungs with grooved stridulatory striae (Figs 14), cuticular plectra on distal retrolateral corners of hind coxae. Legs: leg formula IV-I-II-III, length femur I 0.39, leg lengths I���IV: 1.30, 1.18, 1.02, 1.36, respectively, leg I length/carapace length 2.41, TiI l/d 5.2, TmI 0.31. Pedipalp: femur only slightly longer than cymbium, length 0.23, 0.19, respectively, and ~ 0.6 X length femur I, patella slightly over half as long as femur, tibia with single attenuate apophysis nearly twice as long as basal width, apex black, acutely reflexed, forming sharp-tipped barb, barb directed ventrally with very slight ectal twist (Figs 7���9: PTA), trichobothria: 0 prolateral, 1 retrolateral (Fig 8). Bulb: J-shaped paracymbium relatively large and strongly curved (Fig 8: P), dorsal triangular projection just basad hooked terminus, ~ 10 stout, short setae on wide basal portion; orientation of tegulum to subtegulum is distal so axis of spiraled seminal duct is proximal to distal (Fig 10: SD); through mesal aspect of apically flattened tegulum sperm duct bisinuate (Fig 7: T, SD), duct entering radix on mesal side at notch where short somewhat quadrate tailpiece angles off mesally (Figs 6, 16: SD, R TP), short embolus heavily sclerotized, black and parallel sided, spirally ridged and grooved terminus bent and tapered apically to ejaculatory opening at tip (Fig 16: E); suprategulum sclerotized, distal suprategular apophysis terminating as spear-like structure with subapical triangular projection (Fig 8: DSA); membrane attached only to mesal face of distal suprategular apophysis (Figs 6, 16: M, DSA). Allotype female. Total length ~ 1.40. Carapace: length 0.56, width 0.38, general coloration and other markings (Fig 4) and microsculpture (Fig 17) as in holotype, profile (Fig 3: typical profile), row of 4 forward directed setae along midline posteriad PME, single recurved seta below AME. Chelicerae: coloration as in holotype, chelicerae and fangs well developed, fangs equipped with 5 promarginal teeth, 3 (left) and 2 (right) retromarginal denticles; ridged stridulatory striae slightly weaker than in holotype (Fig 19). Eyes: ALE largest, ~ 1.4 X PME diameter, both eye rows recurved with line through center of PMEs extending between LE (dorsal view), otherwise as in holotype. Sternum & pedicel: length 0.35, width 0.30; pedicel with sternite and pleurites separated by membrane, otherwise as in holotype. Abdomen: pattern as in holotype (Fig 5: generalized abdominal pattern). Legs: leg formula as in holotype, femur I length 0.41, leg lengths I���IV: 1.30, 1.18, 1.04, 1.45, respectively, leg I length/carapace length 2.32, TiI l/d 4.6, TmI 0.36. Epigynum: distinctly wider than long, dorsal plate triangular in shape (Fig 11: DP, VP); spermathecae circular, separated by less than the diameter of one, posterior margin at level of anterior margin of dorsal plate, copulatory openings in very shallow depressions at anterior margin of dorsal plate at junction of dorsal and ventral plates (Fig 11: S, DP, CO, VP); from copulatory openings ducts travel dorsally then curve apicoventrally to level of spermathecal center, then loop and enter spermathecae mesally (Fig 12; CD, S); posterior orientation of fertilization duct (Fig 12: FD). Variation. Males (n= 14). Total length ~ 1.10���1.25; coloration of carapace, chelicerae, sternum, and appendages varies greatly in shade but generally appears as a admixture of tan, light yellow, and light orange (tannish-yellow to orangish-yellow) with dark narrow margin and often light infuscation just behind lobe, legs often more pale than various parts of cephalothorax. Carapace: length 0.52���0.59 (mean 0.54), width 0.38���0.44 (mean 0.41), apex of cephalic lobe often slightly lighter than remainder of carapace, cephalic height 0.30���0.36, cephalic width 0.17���0.21 (over cephalic pit between outer margins of dorsal sulci), cephalic width/carapace width 0.40���0.51, clypeal height 0.20���0.26 X cephalic height; profile of carapace varies slightly (Fig 1: generalized profile), midline row of procurved setae posterior of cephalic pit varying in number, often missing (presumed broken off). Chelicerae: 3���5 promarginal teeth (4 most common, 1���3 retromarginal denticles (2 most common). Abdomen: banding pattern fairly consistent (Fig 5 for generalized pattern), width of bands varying either reducing or expanding pale regions between bands, base pale but often infuscated above and below pedicel. Legs: TiI l/d 4.7���5.2, TmI 0.31���0.38; tibial spines of legs I & II very small and occasionally lacking (presumed to be broken off). Pedipalp: palpal femur length/femur I length 0.53���0.61 (mean 0.58). Bulb: paracymbial setae varying in number, usually �� 10. Females (n= 14). Total length ~ 1.15���1.60; coloration of carapace, chelicerae, sternum, and appendages as in males. Carapace: length 0.53���0.59 (mean 0.57), width 0.38���0.41 (mean 0.39), cephalic height 0.20���0.25, clypeus height 0.24���0.34 X cephalic height; dorsal profile line varies slightly (Fig 3: generalized profile). Chelicerae: 4���6 promarginal teeth (5 most common, 4 common), 2���3 retromarginal denticles (equally common). Abdomen: pattern variation as in males. Legs: TiI l/d 4.3���4.8, TmI 0.31���0.39; tibial spines of legs I & II stronger than in males, less frequently missing. Epigynum: spermathecae round to slightly elliptical, varying slightly in distance between mesal margins; posterior corners of furrow between dorsal and ventral plates generally acute (very narrowly rounded) but infrequently more broadly rounded. Distribution. The species is known only from Southern California. Specimens have been collected from Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties (Fig 38). Habitat. The vast majority of specimens were collected from leaf litter, primarily oak litter (both live and deciduous), but also from mixed leaf litter including Ponderosa pine and box elder. A few of our specimens were taken from plant debris within packrat middens. Specimens have been collected at elevations between 1207.6 m (3962 ft) and 2055 m (6742 ft). Phenology. Esophyllas vetteri n. sp. is primarily a winter active species with peak activity occurring from mid-November through late January. Males have been collected as early as late September and as late as the end of March. The first females were found in early October and continued activity at least through mid-June., Published as part of Prentice, Thomas R. & Redak, Richard A., 2012, Esophyllas, a new genus of erigonine spiders from southern California (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 3265 on pages 4-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213135