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Abstract Antibiotic resistance is currently becoming a more serious threat to global health, especially in severe nosocomial infections treatment by multidrug-resistant bacteria. This research provides a new way of synergizing green-synthesis for zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO-QDs with hexagonal crystals) that are 7 nm in diameter and zero-valent Ag cubic crystals that are 67 nm in size embedded with nitazoxanide substrate (NAZ). Instrumental characterization like SEM, TEM, EDAX, and FT-IR and comprehensive antimicrobial studies were conducted to study the incorporation behavior of composites based on Ag NPs/ZnO QDs/NAZ. This combination has not been hitherto addressed anywhere else in the published literature, as well as commercial viability. In this context, we have precisely tuned nanoparticle to nitazoxanide ratio for designing the formulation demonstrating potent activity against MDR infections. By employing nitazoxanide as a scaffold and careful decoration thereof antimicrobial potency has been unlocked overriding conventional therapies. In addition, Ag NPs/ZnO-QDs/nitazoxanide (G6) formula exhibited a therapeutic efficacy span of 96.15 ± 1.68% to 99.57 ± 0.20% against MDR human infections post 48 h incubation; a breakthrough in therapeutic efficacy levels has been achieved by our method. Accordingly, ZnO QDs/Ag NPs/NAZ composite offered potential multidrug resistant human pathogens as a new trend of revolutionizing antimicrobial treatment. Graphical abstract Schematic diagram of synthesis routev ZnO quantum dots/Ag NPs/Nitazoxanide Triumphs composite NPs.

Abstract Lately, Saudi Arabia has been developing its mineral exploration. However, comprehensive studies of the collected data are not accessible. Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify and map the hydrothermal alteration zones and structural lineaments that regulate the mineral occurrences in the Nuqrah region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using remote sensing and aeromagnetic data. To achieve the desired goal of the study, ASTER remote sensing data were employed, and they were processed in several ways, including principal component analysis, band ratio, and false color composites to reveal the zones of alteration and structure lineaments. In addition, aeromagnetic data was employed to map the lineaments controlling the mineralization. These datasets were integrated using GIS tools to generate a new mineralization potential map of the Nuqrah area, which was classified into three classes: low, moderate, and high probability mineralization. The results showed thirteen intriguing anomalies (high potential mineralization) dispersed over the research area to be prospected. Additionally, techniques such as residual, regional, first vertical derivative, and tilt derivative were utilized to detect the potential mineral-related geologic structures. The results were validated by plotting known mineralization sites on our maps. Six significant faulting trends have been found, according to the lineament map and rose diagrams from remote sensing: NE–SW, WNW–ESE, N–S, ENE–WSW, NNE–SSW, NW–SE, and E–W. The research region is most affected by the NW–SE, ENE–WSW, E–W, and N–S trends, which are organized in decreasing order of magnitude, according to the rose diagram of the aeromagnetic maps. The applied approach can be employed to map potential mineral deposits in Saudi Arabia and similar zones around the globe.

The objective of this study is to investigate an acoustic environment based on spatial configurations. To achieve this objective, two types of data were utilized. First, the urban acoustic data was collected from 96 measurements based on equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure levels across three different urban areas in Cairo, Egypt, during weekends and at night. The data was plotted on a contour map in an effort to investigate their distribution in the urban area. Secondly, the data was collected using DepthMapX software, and in this way, spatial analysis was produced with diverse spatial attributes. Moreover, on-site observations of pedestrian and traffic rates were made, and land use distribution was observed.Statistical analysis was also conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Our statistical analysis showed that the value of sound pressure level (LAeq) is greatly influenced by spatial attributes in highly accessible spatial configurations, with Normalized Angular Integration (NAIN) being the most accurate predictor of sound pressure level. Our findings also verified the existence of a high correlation between commercial and mixed land uses and (LAeq).Additionally, this study revealed that the urban sound model can predict sound pressure level (LAeq) in an urban setting. This dataset functions as a valuable resource for future research, urban designers, and policymakers who are addressing sustainable issues pertaining to soundscape, noise pollution, and urban planning.

Heat stress during hot season enhances oxidative stress, alters hormonal secretion and adversely affects reproductive performance. So, it"s necessary to supply antioxidants such as vitamin E and selenium. This work aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin E and selenium administration on reproductive performance before ovsynch synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) in Friesian cows during hot season. Twenty ovsynch-synchronized Friesian cows were divided according to the time of vitamin E and selenium administration into four groups (each 5 cows), G1 control group without any administration, G2 administered pre-synchronization, G3 administered at AI, G4 administered two doses pre-synchronization and at AI. Follicular functions during synchronization period revealed a significant increase in both follicle number and diameter of G2 and G4 compared to G1 and G3. Blood samples were collected from all cows weekly from 0-day to 5th week post AI for hormones and antioxidant detection. Serum analysis results revealed increased progesterone, prolactin, CAT, SOD, GSH and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), while decreased cortisol and MDA of G4 compared to G1, G2, and G3. Pregnancy detection was performed at 60 days post-AI. Conception rates were 40, 60, 60, and 80% in G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively. Therefore, vitamin E and selenium administration improve antioxidant activities and overcome oxidative stress providing a better impact on reproductive performance even in hot season.

Abstract The development of a novel method for modelling fluid flow and heat transfer in naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs represents a significant advancement in geothermal energy research. This Study presents a hybrid approach, which combines discrete fracture and single continuum techniques, to effectively capture the complex interactions between fluid flow and heat transfer in geothermal fractured reservoirs. In addition, the incorporation of the local thermal nonequilibrium method for simulating heat transmission accounts for the disparities in temperature between the rock matrix and the fluid, providing a more realistic representation of heat transfer processes. The study also presents a fully coupled thermo-poro-elastic framework that integrates fluid flow and heat transfer to comprehensively evaluate reservoir responses to injection/production scenarios. This coupled approach allows for the prediction of changes in reservoir properties, such as permeability and porosity, under varying fluid pressure and temperature conditions. The application of the proposed model to evaluate a geothermal reservoir’s long-term response to injection/production scenarios provides valuable insights into the reservoir’s behaviour and potential energy production capacity. The sensitivity analysis further enhances the model’s utility by identifying the key reservoir parameters that significantly influence the thermal depletion of the reservoir. Overall, this novel modelling approach holds promise for improving the understanding and management of naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs, contributing to the optimization of geothermal energy extraction strategies.

Abstract Trigger finger (TF) is a disorder characterized by snapping or locking a finger. It has a prevalence of greater than 3% in the general population; however, this estimate could be increased to 5% up to 20% in diabetic patients. Some unreal ambiguity about definition, pathophysiology, site of lesion, and etiology are found among researchers and clinicians, leading to a lack of understanding of all aspects of the disease and improper management as many clinicians proceed to anti-inflammatory medications or steroids injection without in-depth patient evaluation. Original articles cited up to 2022, found through a Google search using the specified keywords, have been used in this review. Close-access articles were accessed through our researcher account with the Egyptian Knowledge Bank. In this review, we will focus on pathophysiology to present all possible findings and etiology to represent all risk factors and associated diseases to assess and confirm a diagnosis and the exact location of pathology hence better treatment modalities and reducing the recurrence of the pathology.

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty pancreatitis (NAFP) presents a pressing challenge within the domain of metabolic disorders, necessitating further exploration to unveil its molecular intricacies and discover effective treatments. Our focus was to delve into the potential therapeutic impact of ZBiotic, a specially engineered strain of probiotic B. subtilis, in managing NAFP by targeting specific genes linked with necroptosis and the TNF signaling pathway, including TNF, ZBP1, HSPA1B, and MAPK3, along with their upstream epigenetic regulator, miR-5192, identified through bioinformatics. Methods Rats were subjected to either a standard or high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS) for eight weeks. Subsequently, they were divided into groups: NAFP model, and two additional groups receiving daily doses of ZBiotic (0.5 ml and 1 ml/kg), and the original B. subtilis strain group (1 ml/kg) for four weeks, alongside the HFHS diet. Results ZBiotic exhibited remarkable efficacy in modulating gene expression, leading to the downregulation of miR-5192 and its target mRNAs (p

Background: Fish is considered an important food because it includes main nutrients (proteins, fats, and ash) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). The assessment of fish nutritional content data may offer crucial recommendations regarding freshwater fish consumption and preserving human well-being. Aim: Evaluate the safety and quality properties of Nasser Lake fish, Aswan, Egypt. Methods: A total of 250 samples, 50 of each Nile tilapia, Nile perch, Zander, Catfish, and Elephant-snout, from Nasser Lake, Aswan, Egypt; beheaded, eviscerated, filleted, and minced for determination of proximate analysis, amino acid, fatty acids, minerals and heavy metal, histamine content, cholesterol content, and sensory assessment. Results: The proximate analysis showed that all the samples examined were of good protein sources, with mean values ranging from 15.92% to 22.89%. Nile perch exhibits the highest levels of total fatty acids and amino acids. Heavy metal concentrations varied considerably among the analyzed samples, with a significant variance in the detection of metals among the examined fish. The findings show low histamine and cholesterol levels in the examined species, and were in accordance with those set by the National Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and the European Union Commission (EC). Accordingly, all samples are accepted based on their sensory properties. Conclusion: Nasser Lake fish are of high nutritional value and have an excellent supply of amino and fatty acids. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(6.000): 1403-1416]

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, predominantly affecting patients with chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B or C-induced cirrhosis. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests (assessing liver functions and HCC biomarkers), imaging procedures such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and liver biopsies requiring the removal of liver tissue for laboratory analysis. However, these diagnostic methods either entail lengthy lab processes, require expensive imaging equipment, or involve invasive techniques like liver biopsies. Hence, there exists a crucial need for rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive techniques to characterize HCC, whether in serum or tissue samples. In this study, we developed a spiral sensor implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) technology that utilizes impedance spectroscopy and applied it to 24 tissues and sera samples as proof of concept. This newly devised circuit has successfully characterized HCC and normal tissue and serum samples. Utilizing the distinct dielectric properties between HCC cells and serum samples versus the normal samples across a specific frequency range, the differentiation between normal and HCC samples is achieved. Moreover, the sensor effectively characterizes two HCC grades and distinguishes cirrhotic/non-cirrhotic samples from tissue specimens. In addition, the sensor distinguishes cirrhotic/non-cirrhotic samples from serum specimens. This pioneering study introduces Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) spiral sensor for diagnosing HCC and liver cirrhosis in clinical serum—an innovative, low-cost, rapid (

Abstract Copper can be susceptible to corrosion in acidic cleaning solutions for desalination system, especially if the solution is highly concentrated or if the cleaning process involves extended exposure to the acid. In the current work, Aloe ferox Mill (AFM extract) can be used as a natural origin corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1.0 M HCl solution. The corrosion mitigation qualities of AFM extract were assessed by means of electrochemical, gravimetric, and surface examinations. AFM extract is a mixed-type inhibitor, based on polarization research findings. The inhibitory effectiveness of AFM extract rises with concentration, reaching its maximum level (93.3%) at 250 mg L–1. The inclusion of AFM extract raises the activation energy for the corrosion reaction from 7.15 kJ mol–1 (blank solution) to 28.6 kJ mol–1 (at 250 mg L–1 AFM extract).

We have synthesized thiadiazole-isatin hybrid analogues (1–20), characterized through different spectroscopic techniques such as 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HREI-MS, and evaluated against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. All analogues showed potent inhibitory potentials, having an IC50 values ranged from 22.08 ± 0.09 to 54.03 ± 0.07 μM (against α-amylase) and 19.03 ± 0.04 to 50.03 ± 0.02 μM (α-glucosidase) when compared with the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 22.07 ± 0.02 μM for α-amylase and IC50 = 18.01 ± 0.06 μM for α-glucosidase respectively). Among the series, analogues 13 (IC50 = 19.03 ± 0.04 and 22.08 ± 0.09 μM), 12 (IC50 = 21.03 ± 0.07 and 24.03 ± 0.07 μM), and 5 (IC50 = 22.02 ± 0.03 and 26.02 ± 0.04 μM) were identified as the most active inhibitors. The structure–activity relationship was carried out, mainly associated with the nature, number, position, and electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects of the substituent (s) on the phenyl ring. With the help of molecular docking, the binding interaction of the most active analogues within the active site of enzymes was confirmed. Almost twelve compounds were also screened for antibacterial potential, and few were found to be effective against Bacillus subtilis. All compounds were verified for cytotoxicity against the 3 T3 mouse fibroblast cell line and detected non-toxic.

A series of new benzohydrazide based thiourea derivatives were synthesized, characterized through different spectroscopic techniques like 1HNMR, 13CNMR and HREI-MS and screened against Bacillus pasteurii (B.P) and Jack bean (J.B) ureases enzymes. All derivatives showed good inhibitory potential ranging from 20.05 ± 0.03 to 39.34 ± 1.05 (against J.B Urease) and 23.54 ± 0.21 to 58.65 ± 0.41 (against B.P Urease) as compared to the standard thiourea (IC50 = 14.02 ± 0.25 and 18.01 ± 0.13 µM, respectively). It was observed that the two scaffold 1 (IC50 = 23.54 ± 0.21 and 20.05 ± 0.03 µM) and 2 (IC50 = 26.20 ± 0.32 and 21.33 ± 0.17 µM) among the series showed good inhibitory potential. The binding interaction of the most potent analogues with the active site of enzyme were examined through the molecular docking study.

BackgroundThe relationship between chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction is well-established, but the specific role of HBV viral antigens in driving NK cell impairment in patients with CHB remains unclear. This study investigates the modulatory effects of hepatitis B virus subviral particles (HBVsvp, a representative model for HBsAg) on the phenotypic regulation (activating and inhibitory receptors), cytokine production and cytotoxic potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived natural killer cells (PBMCs-derived NK cell), which contributes to NK cell dysfunction in CHB infection, potentially serving as an effective HBV immune evasion strategy by the virus.MethodsNK cells were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with CHB (n=5) and healthy individuals (n=5), stimulated with HBVsvp. Subsequent flow cytometric characterization involved assessing changes in activating (NKp46 and NKG2D) and inhibitory (CD94) receptors expression, quantifying TNF-α and IFN- γ cytokine secretion, and evaluating the cytotoxic response against HepG2.2.15 cells with subsequent HBVsvp quantification.ResultsIn CHB patients, in vitro exposure of PBMCs-derived NK cell with HBVsvp (represent HBsAg model) significantly reduced NK cell-activating receptors expression (P = 0.022), increased expression of CD94 + NK cells (p = 0.029), accompanied with a reduced TNF-α - IFN-γ cytokine levels, and impaired cytotoxic capacity (evidenced by increased cell proliferation and elevated HBVsvp levels in co-cultures with HepG2.2.15 cells in a time-dependent), relative to healthy donors.ConclusionThese findings suggest that HBVsvp may induce dysfunctional NK cell responses characterized by phenotypic imbalance with subsequent reduction in cytokine and cytotoxic levels, indicating HBVsvp immunosuppressive effect that compromises antiviral defense in CHB patients. These data enhance our understanding of NK cell interactions with HBsAg and highlight the potential for targeting CD94 inhibitory receptors to restore NK cell function as an immunotherapeutic approach. Further clinical research is needed to validate these observations and establish their utility as reliable biomarkers.

Abstract Cyanobacteria are important targets for biotechnological applications due to their ability to grow in a wide variety of environments, rapid growth rates, and tractable genetic systems. They and their bioproducts can be used as bioplastics, biofertilizers, and in carbon capture and produce important secondary metabolites that can be used as pharmaceuticals. However, the photosynthetic process in cyanobacteria can be limited by a wide variety of environmental factors such as light intensity and wavelength, exposure to UV light, nutrient limitation, temperature, and salinity. Carefully considering these limitations, modifying the environment, and/or selecting cyanobacterial species will allow cyanobacteria to be used in biotechnological applications.

The work's goal is to learn more about how a magnetic field, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis diffusion influence convective heat transfer in a micropolar-nanofluid flow's laminar boundary layer. Near a vertically moving, permeable plate, the complex fluid is subjected to MHD. The MATLAB application bvp4c was utilized to simplify the governing nonlinear and coupled equations for the micropolar-nanofluid, leading to the solution of the ensuing ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Graphs have been used to analyze the effect of different relevant active factors on the flow field and temperature. The results demonstrate that the micro-rotation of the nanoparticles taken into account and in suspension becomes significant for the complex fluid in the presence of the magnetic field. Analysis of the generation entropy shows that the surface is a significant source of irreversibility. There is no discernible effect of micropolarity on the relationship between Brownian and thermophoresis numbers and entropy generation.

Abstract Due to their high specific surface area and its characteristic’s functionalized nanomaterials have great potential in medical applications specialty, as an anticancer. Herein, functional nanoparticles (NPs) based on iron oxide Fe2O3, iron oxide modified with copper oxide Fe2O3@CuO, and tungsten oxide WO3 were facile synthesized for biomedical applications. The obtained nanomaterials have nanocrystal sizes of 35.5 nm for Fe2O3, 7 nm for Fe2O3@CuO, and 25.5 nm for WO3. In addition to octahedral and square nanoplates for Fe2O3, and WO3; respectively. Results revealed that Fe2O3, Fe2O3@CuO, and WO3 NPs showed remarked anticancer effects versus a safe effect on normal cells through cytotoxicity test using MTT-assay. Notably, synthesized NPs e.g. our result demonstrated that Fe2O3@CuO exhibited the lowest IC50 value on the MCF-7 cancer cell line at about 8.876 µg/ml, compared to Fe2O3 was 12.87 µg/ml and WO3 was 9.211 µg/ml which indicate that the modification NPs Fe2O3@CuO gave the highest antiproliferative effect against breast cancer. However, these NPs showed a safe mode toward the Vero normal cell line, where IC50 were monitored as 40.24 µg/ml for Fe2O3, 21.13 µg/ml for Fe2O3@CuO, and 25.41 µg/ml for WO3 NPs. For further evidence. The antiviral activity using virucidal and viral adsorption mechanisms gave practiced effect by viral adsorption mechanism and prevented the virus from replicating inside the cells. Fe2O3@CuO and WO3 NPs showed a complete reduction in the viral load synergistic effect of combinations between the tested two materials copper oxide instead of iron oxide alone. Interestingly, the antimicrobial efficiency of Fe2O3@CuO NPs, Fe2O3NPs, and WO3NPs was evaluated using E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans pathogens. The widest microbial inhibition zone (ca. 38.45 mm) was observed with 250 mg/ml of WO3 NPs against E. coli, whereas using 40 mg/ml of Fe2O3@CuO NPS could form microbial inhibition zone ca. 32.86 mm against S. aureus. Nevertheless, C. albicans was relatively resistant to all examined NPs. The superior biomedical activities of these nanostructures might be due to their unique features and accepted evaluations.

Abstract Knowledge of genetic determinism and evolutionary dynamics mediating host-pathogen interactions is essential to manage fungal plant diseases. Studies on the genetic architecture of fungal pathogenicity often focus on large-effect effector genes triggering strong, qualitative resistance. It is not clear how this translates to predominately quantitative interactions. Here, we use the Zymoseptoria tritici-wheat model to elucidate the genetic architecture of quantitative pathogenicity and mechanisms mediating host adaptation. With a multi-host genome-wide association study, we identify 19 high-confidence candidate genes associated with quantitative pathogenicity. Analysis of genetic diversity reveals that sequence polymorphism is the main evolutionary process mediating differences in quantitative pathogenicity, a process that is likely facilitated by genetic recombination and transposable element dynamics. Finally, we use functional approaches to confirm the role of an effector-like gene and a methyltransferase in phenotypic variation. This study highlights the complex genetic architecture of quantitative pathogenicity, extensive diversifying selection and plausible mechanisms facilitating pathogen adaptation.

Abstract In this study, a neural network model is developed for the prediction of oil flow rates in wells lifted by electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). Three attributes of the model in this work make this study unique. First, the knowledge on the computational cost of models has been presented, a rarity in most neural network models on this subject; second, the models have been explicitly presented, a feature uncommon in published ANN predictive modelling studies; and third, it includes a sensitivity analysis of input variables. The dataset utilized for the model development comprises 275 data points collected from ESP-lifted wells in the Middle East. Statistical evaluation of the model’s performance using the metrics such as mean square error, root mean square error and coefficient of determination demonstrates high predictive accuracy with respective values of 0.0000201861, 0.00449 and 0.999. In order to ascertain the parametric importance of the inputs, Garson’s algorithm was utilized. In this regard, choke size and upstream pressure had the highest influence (19% and 16%, respectively), while casing head pressure had the least effect (4.8%) on oil flow rate. In terms of memory requirements and processing speed for software applications, the model had a memory footprint of 888 bytes and required 191 multiply and accumulate operations to give an output. By utilizing the proposed models, the time-consuming separator tests measurements of flow rate would no longer be necessary and real-time results could be provided in the field. This work would be useful to production engineers who seek a quick and accurate means of estimating oil flow rate from ESP wells in real time.

Abstract Background Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is polyneuropathy characterized by inflammation and immune-mediated processes that is classified into many subtypes based on electrophysiological and pathological criteria. The diagnosis of GBS can be confirmed using electrophysiological studies. However, electrophysiological studies may be normal when carried out early within 1 week in the course of the disease (Berciano et al. in J Neurol 264:221–236, 2017). One of the most useful imaging modalities for peripheral nerve diseases is ultrasonography (US). Nerve US in combination with electrophysiological studies provides an appropriate method in evaluating diseased peripheral nerves. This study aimed to enhance the reliability of early GBS diagnosis by correlating the findings of electrophysiological studies and nerve ultrasound. The nerve conduction studies (NCSs) in 37 GBS patients and 37 controls combined with cross-sectional area (CSA) assessment with US within the first 3 days of onset of symptoms and on day 14 after disease onset were evaluated. Results At presentation, patients and controls did not differ significantly in NCS parameters (p ≥ 0.05) except for a significantly longer F-wave minimum latency in the median, ulnar, and tibial nerves in patients (p 0.05). Conclusion Electrophysiological results in GBS are crucial in diagnosing the disease and understanding its pathophysiology, but serial NCSs are required. Ultrasound shows structural aspects of the nerve, so ultrasonography is a reliable tool which can be used in diagnosis and follow-up of early GBS. As a result, combining the two investigations has a complementary effect in the diagnosis and prognosis of GBS.

Abstract In this work, the effect of adding Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to enhance the properties of the bone cement used for hip prosthesis fixation. Related to previous work on enhanced bone cement properties utilizing MgO and TiO2, samples of composite bone cement were made using three different ratios (0.5%:1%, 1.5%:1.5%, and 1%:0.5%) w/w of MgO and TiO2 to determine the optimal enhancement ratio. Hardness, compression, and bending tests were calculated to check the mechanical properties of pure and composite bone cement. The surface structure was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Setting temperature, porosity, and degradation were calculated for each specimen ratio to check values matched with the standard range of bone cement. The results demonstrate a slight decrease in porosity up to 2.2% and degradation up to 0.17% with NP-containing composites, as well as acceptable variations in FTIR and setting temperature. The compression strength increased by 2.8% and hardness strength increased by 1.89% on adding 0.5%w/w of MgO and 1.5%w/w TiO2 NPs. Bending strength increases by 0.35% on adding 1.5% w/w of MgO and 0.5% w/w TiO2 NPs, however, SEM scan shows remarkable improvement for surface structure.

Our attention concenters on deriving diverse forms of the soliton arising from the Myrzakulov-Lakshmanan XXXII (M-XXXII) that describes the generalized Heisenberg ferromagnetic equation. This model has been solved numerically only using the N-fold Darboux Transformation method, not solved analytically before. We will derive new types of the analytical soliton solutions that will be constructed for the first time in the framework of three impressive schemas that are prepared for this target. These three techniques are the Generalized Kudryashov scheme (GKS), the (G'/G)-expansion scheme and the extended direct algebraic scheme (EDAS). Moreover, we will establish the 2D, 3D graphical simulations that clear the new dynamic properties of our achieved solutions.

Green synthesis of four novel nonionic polymeric surfactants: from the recycled product of poly (ethylene terephthalate) plastic waste for application in corrosion protection of carbon steel. In this respect, PET waste was subjected to aminolysis and glycolysis via a reaction with Trimethylenediamine (TEDA) and Tri ethylene glycol (TEG) in the presence of suitable catalysts. The prepared materials were characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, and elemental analysis. It was evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for steel (type-X60) used in the petroleum industry in the marine environment. Chemical, analytical, and electrochemical techniques were used for the evaluation of the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the prepared polymeric surfactants. The effect of concentration and temperature was studied. The maximum inhibition efficiency (IE) of 96% at an inhibitor concentration of 200 ppm and a temperature of 303 K. The glycoside and amide products were compared, the efficiency of amide products (96%) was higher than the efficiency of glycoside products (91%). According to potentiodynamic polarization data, the prepared surfactant boosts polarization resistance and inhibition performance by adsorbing on the metal/electrolyte interface. The surface morphology of steel was examined using SEM. A protective coating of inhibitor molecules forms on the steel surface.

IntroductionCracks, as structural defects or fractures in materials like concrete, asphalt, and metal, pose significant challenges to the stability and safety of various structures. Addressing crack detection is of paramount importance due to its implications for public safety, infrastructure integrity, maintenance costs, asset longevity, preventive maintenance, economic impact, and environmental considerations.MethodsIn this survey paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements and developments in crack detection technologies for structures, with a specific focus on articles published between 2022 and 2023. Our methodology involves an exhaustive search of the Scopus database using keywords related to crack detection and machine learning techniques. Among the 129 papers reviewed, 85 were closely aligned with our research focus.ResultsWe explore datasets that underpin crack detection research, categorizing them as public datasets, papers with their own datasets, and those using a hybrid approach. The prevalence and usage patterns of public datasets are presented, highlighting datasets like Crack500, Crack Forest Dataset (CFD), and Deep Crack. Furthermore, papers employing proprietary datasets and those combining public and proprietary sources are examined. The survey comprehensively investigates the algorithms and methods utilized, encompassing CNN, YOLO, UNet, ResNet, and others, elucidating their contributions to crack detection. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and IoU are discussed in the context of assessing model performance. The results of the 85 papers are summarized, demonstrating advancements in crack detection accuracy, efficiency, and applicability.DiscussionNotably, we observe a trend towards using modern and novel algorithms, such as Vision Transformers (ViT), and a shift away from traditional methods. The conclusion encapsulates the current state of crack detection research, highlighting the integration of multiple algorithms, expert models, and innovative data collection techniques. As a future direction, the adoption of emerging algorithms like ViT is suggested. This survey paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and engineers working in the field of crack detection, offering insights into the latest trends, methodologies, and challenges.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most prevalent cause of diabetic retinopathy (DRP). DRP has been recognized for a long time as a microvascular disease. Many drugs were used to treat DRP, including vildagliptin (VLD). In addition to its hypoglycemic effect, VLD minimizes ocular inflammation and improves retinal blood flow for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, VLD can cause upper respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, nausea, hypoglycemia, and poor tolerability when taken orally regularly due to its high water solubility and permeability. Effective ocular administration of VLD is achieved using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs), which improve corneal absorption, prolonged retention, and extended drug release. Ocuserts (OCUs) are sterile, long-acting ocular dosage forms that diminish the need for frequent dosing while improving residence time and stability. Therefore, this study intends to develop VLD solid lipid nanoparticle OCUs (VLD-SLNPs-OCUs) to circumvent the issues commonly associated with VLD. SLNPs were prepared using the double-emulsion/melt dispersion technique. The optimal formula has been implemented in OCUs. Optimization and development of VLD-SLNPs-OCUs were performed using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). VLD-SLNPs-OCUs loading efficiency was 95.28 ± 2.87%, and differential scanning calorimetry data (DSC) showed the full transformation of VLD to an amorphous state and the excellent distribution in the prepared OCUs matrices. The in vivo release of VLD from the optimized OCUs after 24 h was 35.12 ± 2.47%, consistent with in vitro drug release data of 36.89 ± 3.11. The optimized OCUs are safe to use in the eye, as shown by the ocular irritation test. VLD-SLNPs-OCUs provide extended VLD release, an advantageous alternative to conventional oral dose forms, resulting in fewer systemic adverse effects and less variation in plasma drug levels. VLD-SLNPs-OCUs might benefit retinal microvascular blood flow beyond blood glucose control and may be considered a promising approach to treating diabetic retinopathy.

Climate change and the associated sea level rise (SLR) are presenting newfound challenges to the port systems and coastal transportation infrastructure of southeast Texas. This paper introduces a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based model designed to simulate inundation scenarios under various sea-level projections, aiming to assess the vulnerabilities of both port facilities and road networks. The study area encompasses a specific region within Jefferson County, southeast Texas, encompassing three major ports: Port Arthur, Beaumont, and Orange. Utilizing a high-resolution (1-m) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from the 2017 LiDAR dataset, this model is integrated with NASA’s sea-level rise projections to compute the extent and volume of inundation across low, medium, and high SLR scenarios. Drawing from monthly mean sea level data spanning from 1958 to 2020, the lowest SLR projections, derived from the relative sea-level trend measured at the Sabine Pass, TX gauge station, indicate a yearly increase of 6.16 mm, with a 95% confidence interval of +/- 0.74 mm. Projections for 2050 and 2,100 show the lowest SLR at 0.17 m and 0.48 m, respectively. In contrast, the medium to high RSLR projections under the IPCC SSP3-7.0 scenario for 2050 and 2,100 stand at 0.54 m and 1.34 m, respectively. The findings reveal that, under medium to high SLR scenarios, the extent of inundated areas in the study region is expected to expand by 12.4% in 2050 and 19.9% in 2,100, compared to the lowest SLR projection. Additionally, the length of submerged roadways is predicted to increase by 6.9% in 2050 and 13.3% in 2,100, in comparison to the lowest SLR projection. It is worth noting that some margin of error may be introduced due to factors such as the width of the port area and access roads, the high-resolution DEM, and the alignment of computed inundated areas with the existing topography. Overall, the manuscript highlights the urgency of proactive planning and underscores the importance of safeguarding critical infrastructure in the context of climate change and SLR.

The increasing demand for intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and the associated rising costs have urged the need for effective management strategies. In this research, we focus on the challenges faced by (1) hospitals in report generation and in their effort to properly allocate ICU patients, and (2) insurance organizations responsible for payments. We address the issues of misclassification and financial burden on hospitals and insurance organizations that arise from inefficient and subjective application of regulations while also considering the impact on medical personnel. Through existing literature analysis, as well as extensive discussions with critical care professionals and insights gained from university hospitals, we identified the need for a supportive machine learning model for ICU level classification of patients, and furthermore, we propose an easily deployable and highly interoperability software system specifically for placement of patients in various ICU levels. We aim to support healthcare professionals in their decision-making process with the supportive machine learning model and the software system that we named “heartbeat”. This research aims to bridge the gap between hospitals and insurance institutions to ensure fair and objective patient classification and to improve the overall ICU management. The process has been tested using MIMIC-III version 1.4 dataset as a proof of concept to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the developed system. Further testing using real data after official deployment and usage by various stakeholders.

Background: Nowadays Veterinarians and poultry producers use antibiotics to increase growth rates, bird health, and feed efficiency, egg production, for preventative and therapeutic purposes, and to lessen the prevalence of poultry diseases. Most poultry producers have used a variety of antibiotics, either with or without veterinarian instruction. Although antibiotics are beneficial for the majority of their uses, their unauthorized use has resulted in residues accumulated in poultry products intended for human consumption which represent a serious risk to the general public that could be toxicological, microbiological or immunological. Aim: This study aimed at estimation of the residues of three major antimicrobial used in the intensive chicken rearing systems in Egypt, namely Oxytetracycline, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin. Moreover, the effect of cooking on such residues was investigated. Methods: A total of 100 chicken meat samples (breast, thigh, gizzard, liver, 25 each) were examined for detection of the aforementioned antimicrobials using the microbial inhibition assay and HPLC. Besides, samples containing the highest antimicrobial residues were examined for the effect of boiling for 30 min on such residues. Results: The obtained results revealed that 23%, 21%, and 17% of the examined samples were positive for oxytetracycline, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin residues, respectively. As for cooking (boiling) for 30 minutes showed reduction of the antibiotic residue by 88.2%, 95.2%, and 31.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Antimicrobial residues were detected in the chicken meat parts retailed in Egypt. Cooking can reduce the antimicrobial residues at least in part. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(1.000): 438-448]

Given the cruciality of the thawing process to fish and their products as well as its impact on fish quality, this study aims to assess how different thawing techniques affect bacteriological changes, microstructure, and antioxidant activity enzymes in frozen fish fillets. As revealed, microwave thawing (MT) is a quick method, showing low microbial count and the least activity of antioxidant enzymes, while flowing water thawing (WT) preserves the fish microstructure.

ABSTRACTBackground The concept of lung protective ventilation (LPV) during general anesthesia (GA) aims at minimizing lung injury and postoperative pulmonary complications (POPCs). Recruitment maneuver (RM) as a part of LPV may improve lung mechanics and oxygenation, but despite extensive research, definitive guidelines for the applications of intraoperative RMs have not been established yet.Methods This study was a prospective, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Sixty-six subjects undergoing non-laparoscopic upper abdominal surgeries under GA were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Control group (C) received tidal volume of 8 ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW) and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O without RM. Recruitment group (R) received tidal volume of 8 ml/kg PBW with stepwise RMs and individualized PEEP titration after each RM. Compliance, plateau pressure, driving pressure, SpO2 and hemodynamics were monitored at each step of RM. POPCs, length of hospital stay and mortality were recorded postoperatively.Results There was a significant reduction in POPCs in (R) group than in (C) group (P = 0.03). Also, there was a significant increase in compliance before extubation in (R) group (P = 0.001). However, no significant difference was noted between both groups as regards mortality rate and length of hospital stay.Conclusion Individualized stepwise lung RM significantly decreases the incidence of POPCs when added to LPV in patients undergoing non-laparoscopic upper abdominal surgeries under GA.

Key Clinical Message Mycotic pseudoaneurysms can be a serious and life threatening complication of left sided infective endocarditis. They most commonly affect the major axial vessels. Profunda femoris artery (PFA) aneurysms are rare and present in only 0.5% of all peripheral aneurysms, regardless of the underlying etiology. We present a case of a patient who underwent mitral valve repair for severe mitral regurgitation secondary to culture negative IE which was complicated by multiple mycotic pseudoaneurysm. The PFA pseudoaneurysm which was affected and was complicated with a large hematoma compressing the femoral nerve. This was managed by a staged hybrid approach. Endovascular stenting was performed first to seal the pseudoaneurysm and facilitate open surgical repair using a reversed interposition saphenous vein graft. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a PFA mycotic aneurysm (MA) being managed by a hybrid approach using endo‐vascular and open surgical repair. MAs and pseudoaneurysms are complex and life threatening conditions requiring meticulous planning for optimal management. Endovascular stenting can be considered as an alternative to surgical management in certain cases or as a bridge to definitive open surgical repair depending on anatomical location and associated complications.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent cancer worldwide. Late-stage detection, ineffective treatments, and tumor recurrence contribute to the low survival rate of the HCC. Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, like doxorubicin (DOX), are associated with severe side effects, limited effectiveness, and tumor resistance. To improve therapeutic outcomes and minimize these drawbacks, combination therapy with natural drugs is being researched. Herein, we assessed the antitumor efficacy of Ceiba pentandra ethyl acetate extract alone and in combination with DOX against diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced HCC in rats. Our in vivo study significantly revealed improvement in the liver-function biochemical markers (ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP), the tumor marker (AFP-L3), and the histopathological features of the treated groups. A UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis of the Ceiba pentandra ethyl acetate extract enabled the identification of fifty phytomolecules. Among these are the dietary flavonoids known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities: protocatechuic acid, procyanidin B2, epicatechin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, and apigenin. Our findings highlight C. pentandra as an affordable source of phytochemicals with possible chemosensitizing effects, which could be an intriguing candidate for the development of liver cancer therapy, particularly in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.

Abstract Background Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health concern, with an increased incidence and risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients chronically infected with HBV are likely to experience chronic oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Photobiomodulation is induced by the absorption of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with a red or infrared laser by cytochrome C oxidase enzyme, resulting in mitochondrial photoactivation. Although it is widely used in clinical practice, the use of LLL as adjuvant therapy for persistent HBV infection is uncommon. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LLLT dosage from 2 J/cm2 to 10 J/cm2 of red diode laser (650 nm) on both hepatoma cell lines (HepG2.2.15 [integrated HBV genome stable cell model] and non-integrated HepG2), with a subsequent impact on HBVsvp production. Methods The present study evaluated the effects of different fluences of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation on various aspects of hepatoma cell behavior, including morphology, viability, ultrastructure, and its impact on HBVsvp synthesis. Results In response to LLLT irradiation, we observed a considerable reduction in viability, proliferation, and HBVsvp production in both hepatoma cell lines HepG2.2.15 and HepG2. Ultrastructural modification of mitochondria and nuclear membranes: This effect was dose, cell type, and time-dependent. Conclusions The use of LLLT may be a promising therapy for HCC and HBV patients by reducing cell proliferation, HBVsvp production, and altering mitochondrial and nuclear structure involved in cellular death inducers. Further research is required to explore its clinical application.

Hydatid disease is still endemic in several regions worldwide including Morocco, and is caused in most cases by the larval form of 2 species of the tapeworm Echinococcus: E. granulosus and E. multilocularis. Primary hydatid disease of the bone without systemic involvement is rare. The disease has a silent clinical evolution until it reaches complicated stages. Complications may include pathological fracture, neural deficit, infection, and fistulization of the abscess. Preoperative diagnosis is based on clinical history, imaging findings, and serological tests, which lack high sensitivity and specificity. Although the interpretation of imaging studies can prove to be very confusing because the bone changes evolve with time, and the nonspecificity of these findings often leads to a mistaken diagnosis. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, especially in patients who reside in or travel to sheep-raising areas where hydatid disease is endemic. A high index of suspicion is necessary for the diagnosis, especially in patients that live in or travel to sheep-raising areas where hydatid disease is endemic. The treatment of choice remains surgical, following the principles of a locally malignant lesion. Chemotherapy (albendazole alone or in combination with praziquantel) is indicated when surgery is not possible or as an adjuvant treatment. The prognosis is often poor. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with long-standing pain in the left hip joint in which the imaging findings were thought of as being either tuberculous or neoplastic. The result of a CT-guided biopsy concurred with an unexpected diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. This case highlights that in the absence of a high index of suspicion for echinococcal infection, the semblance of imaging findings of hydatid disease in the bone to those of other skeletal pathologies can lead to misinterpretation.

Abstract Background The application of a second layer between the neourethra and skin was a major contribution, which has improved the outcome of hypospadias repair. Here, we report our experience of revisiting the original Smith technique using a de-epithelialized overlap flap to support the urethroplasty in staged hypospadias repair. Methods The study included primary cases of proximal hypospadias with significant chordee who underwent two-stage repair during the period 2016 through 2021. The ventral curvature was corrected at first stage by excision of the urethral plate, followed by covering the ventral shaft by skin flaps or inner preputial graft. The second stage (Thiersch -Duplay urethroplasty) was performed six months later. The de-epithelialized overlap flap (double breasting) technique was used to cover the neo-urethra in all cases, which was combined with a dartos scrotal flap to cover the proximal neourethra when indicated. Results The study included 17 boys with proximal hypospadias who underwent two-stage repair. Follow up period after the second stage ranged between 6 and 30 months (mean 19.7; median 18.5). Post-operative complications were detected in 7 cases (41%). Most complications were related to distal/glanular disruptions whether partial or complete (5 cases). One case developed a penoscrotal fistula that was closed surgically. Another case (belonging to the group which used preputial graft in the 1st stage) presented 21 months after the second stage with urethral stricture (penoscrotal). Conclusion Applying the de-epithelialized double-breasting skin closure can offer alternative second layer coverage for the neourethra along the penile shaft in staged repair of proximal hypospadias.

Hamatometacarpal fracture-dislocation is a rare condition. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 26-year-old male patient who sustained a coronal fracture of the body of the hamate with the fifth metacarpal base interposed between volar and dorsal fragments on his right dominant hand. The patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the hamate with a 2.0-mm cortical screw and stabilization of the dislocated fifth metacarpal with Kirschner wire. At six months follow-up, total range of movement was allowed, the patient experienced no pain, and had successfully returned to work.

The construction sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), valued at USD 152 billion and employing 2.54 million people by 2023, is crucial to its economy. However, it faces challenges such as delays, disputes, and cost overruns. This study aims to address these issues by implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the KSA, based on an extensive literature review highlighting the role and significance of BIM in mitigating construction claims. BIM improves collaboration, communication, and data integration among stakeholders. Hence, this study proposes a comprehensive BIM Package framework comprising Revit Architecture, Microsoft Project, and Cost-X to reduce claims effectively. Validated through a KSA claims case study with a USD 1,870,000 claims value and 360-day delay, the BIM Package significantly reduced the claims value to USD 188,000 and saved 275 days. Interview sessions were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the BIM Package; 95% favored the use of BIM, 86% supported NEC4 contract adoption alongside BIM, 100% acknowledged BIM’s potential in reducing design errors, 95% were confident in the case study’s accuracy, and 82% were satisfied with data accuracy. This study confirms that BIM is an effective approach for minimizing construction claims in the KSA.

Abstract Facies studies represent a key element of reservoir characterization. In practice, this can be done by making use of core and petrophysical data. The high cost and difficulties of drilling and coring operations coupled with the time-intensive nature of core studies have led researchers toward using well-log data as an alternative. In the Teapot Dome Oilfield, where core data are limited to those from only a single well, we used well-log data for reservoir electro-facies (EF) studies via two unsupervised clustering methods, namely multi-resolution graph-based clustering (MRGC) and self-organizing map (SOM). Satisfactory results were obtained with both methods, distinguishing seven electro-facies from one another, where MRGC had the highest discriminatory accuracy. The best reservoir quality was exhibited by electro-facies 1, as per both methods. Our findings can be used to avoid some time-intensive steps of conventional reservoir characterization approaches and are useful for prospect modeling and well location proposal.

Abstract Background The optimal revascularization strategy in patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease in the emergency setting is still controversial. Thus, we aimed to compare the outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) vs. coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with and without emergent LMCA disease. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 2138 patients recruited from 14 centers between 2015 and 2019. We compared patients with emergent LMCA revascularization who underwent PCI (n = 264) to patients who underwent CABG (n = 196) and patients with non-emergent LMCA revascularization with PCI (n = 958) to those who underwent CABG (n = 720). The study outcomes were in-hospital and follow-up all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Results Emergency PCI patients were older and had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease, lower ejection fraction, and higher EuroSCORE than CABG patients. CABG patients had significantly higher SYNTAX scores, multivessel disease, and ostial lesions. In patients presenting with arrest, PCI had significantly lower MACCE (P = 0.017) and in-hospital mortality (P = 0.016) than CABG. In non-emergent revascularization, PCI was associated with lower MACCE in patients with low (P = 0.015) and intermediate (P

Abstract Background Lumbosacral plexus is a collection of nerves that converge and diverge and finally merge into terminal nerves that innervate the pelvis and lower limbs. Lumbosacral plexopathy is a clinical disease characterized by motor and sensory abnormalities that can result from damage to the lumbosacral plexus by different types of insults. Electrophysiological studies are used to demonstrate the presence of lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy, but it is restricted owing to deep position of nerves and regional differences in muscle nerve supply. High-resolution MR neurography can simply show the precise site, size, etiology, and type of the lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy. The aim of this study was to assess the various diseases affecting the lumbosacral plexus with their 1.5-T MR neurography imaging findings and to correlate these findings with electrophysiological studies. Results Fifty adult patients with clinical presentation of lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy were included in this cross-sectional study. Based on clinical diagnosis, the sensitivity of electrophysiological studies in diagnosing lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy was 80% and the sensitivity of MR neurography in diagnosing lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy was 90%. While based on electrophysiological studies, the sensitivity of MR neurography in diagnosing lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy was 97.5% and the specificity was 75.86%. There was a high statistically significant relation between the side affected in electrophysiological studies and the side affected in MR neurography and between the stage of the lesion in the electrophysiological studies and in MR neurography among patients (p ≤ 0.001, p ≤ 0.001) , respectively. Conclusions MR neurography of the lumbosacral plexus is a helpful non-invasive approach for the assessment of patients with inconclusive lumbar spine MR imaging because of its ability for diagnosis of neuromuscular lesions and determining their causes. Electrophysiological studies assess the nerve function and MR neurography assesses the nerve anatomy, and therefore, the correlation between electrophysiological studies and MR neurography are complementary for detection of lumbosacral radiculo-plexopathy.

Background and aim: Several studies have reported the cardioprotective effect of vitamin D. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the possible cardioprotective effect of vitamin D3 in hyperthyroid-induced cardiomyopathy rat model. Experimental procedure: Rats were divided into 3 groups: control group; hyperthyroid group, rats were administrated l-thyroxine sodium daily for 4 weeks; and hyperthyroid + vitamin D3 treated group, rats were treated with l-thyroxine sodium for 4 weeks daily, and received the vitamin D3 for the same duration. After 4 weeks, electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded. Then, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. After that, the final body weight was measured, and the rats were sacrificed. Finally, the hearts were excised, weighed and were prepared for histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemistry assessment of caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results: Hyperthyroid rats showed significant ECG changes, increased serum levels of cardiac biomarkers, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzymes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and relative heart weight compared with the control rats. Vitamin D3 coadministration with l-thyroxine resulted in significant improvement in thyroid profile, ECG parameters, significant decrease of cardiac biomarkers, FGF23, malondialdehyde, TNF-α and relative heart weight, and significant decrease of the antioxidant enzymes compared with the hyperthyroid rats. The histological study was consistent with the biochemical results. Hyperthyroid rats showed upregulation of caspase-3 and PCNA in the myocardium compared with control group. Vitamin D3 treated rats showed downregulation of caspase-3 and PCNA. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 provides cardioprotective effects in hyperthyroid rats.

The battle against viral drug resistance highlights the need for innovative approaches to replace time-consuming and costly traditional methods. Deep generative models offer automation potential, especially in the fight against Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as they can synthesize diverse molecules effectively. In this paper, an application of an LSTM-based deep generative model named "LSTM-ProGen" is proposed to be tailored explicitly for the de novo design of drug candidate molecules that interact with a specific target protein (HIV-1 protease). LSTM-ProGen distinguishes itself by employing a long-short-term memory (LSTM) architecture, to generate novel molecules target specificity against the HIV-1 protease. Following a thorough training process involves fine-tuning LSTM-ProGen on a diverse range of compounds sourced from the ChEMBL database. The model was optimized to meet specific requirements, with multiple iterations to enhance its predictive capabilities and ensure it generates molecules that exhibit favorable target interactions. The training process encompasses an array of performance evaluation metrics, such as drug-likeness properties. Our evaluation includes extensive silico analysis using molecular docking and PCA-based visualization to explore the chemical space that the new molecules cover compared to those in the training set. These evaluations reveal that a subset of 12 de novo molecules generated by LSTM-ProGen exhibit a striking ability to interact with the target protein, rivaling or even surpassing the efficacy of native ligands. Extended versions with further refinement of LSTM-ProGen hold promise as versatile tools for designing efficacious and customized drug candidates tailored to specific targets, thus accelerating drug development and facilitating the discovery of new therapies for various diseases.

The microbial analysis of fish is critical for ensuring overall health. Uncooked fish can serve as a conduit for transmitting several types of microbes; the current investigation sought to assess the bacterial levels in various kinds of fish from Nasser Lake, Aswan, Egypt, considered the chief source of potable water in Egypt. Two hundred and fifty fish samples, including 50 of each Oreochromis niloticus, Sander lucioperca, Lates niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, and Mormyrus kannume, from Nasser Lake, Aswan, Egypt, were collected to detect the bacterial load, isolation, and identification of Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and their virulence genes. The findings revealed that Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus exhibited higher bacterial loads than other fish species. Incidences of bacterial contamination among examined fishes were 28.8%, 20.4%, and 16% for Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, respectively. Additionally, PCR analysis detected the presence of aerA (60%) and Act (40%) genes in A. hydrophila, rpoB (70%) and LasB (30%) genes in P. aeruginosa, and ToxR (70%) and tdh (50%) genes in V. parahaemolyticus. The study suggested that the bacterial contamination levels in Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus could be notably more significant than in other species that could potentially be harmful to the consumers, especially considering the identification of particular bacteria known to cause foodborne illnesses. Further recommendations emphasized that regular monitoring and assessments are required to preserve their quality.

Oral cancer is a severe health problem that accounts for an alarmingly high number of fatalities worldwide. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal has been extensively studied against various tumor cell lines from different body organs, rarely from the oral cavity. We thus investigated the cytotoxicity of W. somnifera fruits (W-F) and roots (W-R) hydromethanolic extracts and their chromatographic fractions against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines [Ca9-22 (derived from gingiva), HSC-2, HSC-3, and HSC-4 (derived from tongue)] and three normal oral mesenchymal cells [human gingival fibroblast (HGF), human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPLF), and human pulp cells (HPC)] in comparison to standard drugs. The root polar ethyl acetate (W-R EtOAc) and butanol (W-R BuOH) fractions exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against the Ca9-22 cell line (CC50 = 51.8 and 40.1 μg/mL, respectively), which is relatively the same effect as 5-FU at CC50 = 69.4 μM and melphalan at CC50 = 36.3 μM on the same cancer cell line. Flow cytometric analysis revealed changes in morphology as well as in the cell cycle profile of the W-R EtOAc and W-R BuOH-treated oral cancer Ca9-22 cells compared to the untreated control. The W-R EtOAc (125 μg/mL) exerted morphological changes and induced subG1 accumulation, suggesting apoptotic cell death. A UHPLC MS/MS analysis of the extract enabled the identification of 26 compounds, mainly alkaloids, withanolides, withanosides, and flavonoids. Pharmacophore-based inverse virtual screening proposed that BRD3 and CDK2 are the cancer-relevant targets for the annotated withanolides D (18) and O (12), and the flavonoid kaempferol (11). Molecular modeling studies highlighted the BRD3 and CDK2 as the most probable oncogenic targets of anticancer activity of these molecules. These findings highlight W. somnifera’s potential as an affordable source of therapeutic agents for a range of oral malignancies.

Mycotoxins are fungal products often found in food, formed during growth, harvesting, drying or storage of fruits, seeds, or grains, leading to a variety of toxic effects in humans and animals. Aflatoxins are a family of polyketide secondary metabolite produced by the food-contaminating moulds Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic and growth inhibitory mycotoxin. To explore the negative morphological effects of AFB1 on the developing mice embryo, 50 adult females albino mice (CD1) were divided into five groups (10 females for each group): Control, positive control and three groups treated with a daily oral dose of 5, 10 or 20 μg/kg bw of AFB1 extract. Fifteen days after treatments, females were caged with males. Pregnancy, mortality, embryos number rates and body weight of female mice and infants were recorded. At 21 days old, crown rump, head, ear, tail, fore and hind-limb lengths of mice infants were investigated. Current data showed a decrease in pregnancy and embryo number rate among females in the animals treated with 10 & 20 μg AFB1, while treatment with 5 μg showed an increase in pregnancy and embryo number rate compared to control one, while mortality rate among fetuses increased in the three experimental animals treated with AFB1. Some cases of abortion were observed in 10 & 20 μg groups, while ulcers were observed in 20 μg groups. Weight and all morphometric parameters showed significant decrease except tail length that showed insignificant increase in the treated groups compared to the control one, while ear length showed significant increase. Different congenital malformations were observed in infants such as tail loss, delayed hair and teeth development and poor ossification in treated groups. The present study demonstrated that AFB1 induced developmental anomalies and reduced quality and birth rate. Data clarified that minimum concentration of AFB1 required to induce teratogenicity is far beyond the minimum concentrations estimated in earlier literatures. It is suggested that AFB1 might change genetic elements and consequently interfere with bone mineralization and induce teratogenicity and anomalies during mice embryonic development. Further studies are required to explore the mechanism of action.

Abstract Background Ischemic stroke ranks third among leading causes of death and disability. Both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells generate osteoprotegerin (OPG). Ischemic stroke and its severity may be enhanced by the OPG rs3102735 gene polymorphism. Our research aims to investigate OPG rs3102735 gene polymorphism role in ischemic stroke risk and to assess its association with stroke severity at presentation and degree of vascular stenosis and evaluate its potential as a predictor of stroke severity. Fifty people with acute ischemic stroke as well as fifty controls were studied. The NIHSS and ASPECTS were utilized to evaluate stroke severity and the infarction size, respectively. All subjects underwent extracranial carotid duplex study and molecular assessment for genotyping of OPG rs3102735) gene polymorphism. Results Stroke patients had markedly higher concentrations of OPG in the plasma than controls (311.60 ± 109.48 versus 240.20 ± 75.96 mmol/ml, p = 0.001). The optimal plasma OPG cutoff value for the predicting the occurrence of stroke was determined to be > 250 mmol/ml, the 95% confidence interval (CI) was (0.625–0.843), sensitivity was 68% and specificity was 72%. Ischemic stroke had a significantly different genotype distribution for the OPG rs3102735 gene polymorphism than did controls (36 CC, 13 CT, and 1 TT) versus (28 CC, 15 CT, and 7 TT) respectively. Stroke patients had a significantly greater CC + CT genotype than controls did (P = 0.041), also they had a higher propensity for carrying the C allele than the T allele (P = 0.017). Carotid intima medium thickness and the NIHSS both had positive correlations with OPG serum level (r = 0.39, p = 0.02 and r = 0.4, p = 0.02, respectively), whereas ASPECTS had an inversed correlation (r = − 0.65, p = 0.001). Conclusions The current study shows that as an independent risk factor, increased plasma OPG level, may participate in the atherothrombotic ischemic stroke pathophysiology, in addition, genetic variants in the OPG gene (rs3102735) are a separate risk factor for large artery atherosclerosis and plasma OPG level can serve as a biomarker to determine the severity of a stroke.

Zinc nanoparticles have a positive effect in enhancing growth and improving immunity, so this work aimed to investigate the role of Nano-zinc oxide as an immune stimulant and treatment of zinc deficient lambs in comparison with zinc in ordinary size. Thirty lambs were used and divided into three groups, the 1st group (N=10) control healthy group, the 2nd group (N=10) lambs suffered from zinc deficiency and treated with Nano-zinc oxide (nZnO), the 3rd group (N=10) lambs suffered from zinc deficiency treated with zinc oxide (ZnO) ordinary size. Serum samples were collected at zero-day (0-day), 7th, and 15th days of experiment. The serum analysis results of the zinc-deficient groups at 0-days revealed hypozincaemia, hypovitaminosis A and E, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, decreased antioxidant (SOD, TAC, CAT, GSH) and immunoglobulin (γ2, γ1, β2, β1), while increased MDA, α2, and α1 compared to control healthy group. Most of parameters revealed rapid recovery from the 7th day of experiment in the nZnO group rather than the ZnO group. Some parameters of SOD, total protein, globulin, γ2, γ1, α2, and α1 appeared on the 7th day of experiment of the nZnO group significantly increased compared to the control healthy group, which revealed an improvement in the immune response. In conclusion; nZnO induced rapid recovery, and improved both immunity and antioxidants than zinc oxide ordinary sized.