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2. Trends of neonatal sepsis and its etiology at Hawassa, Ethiopia: a five year retrospective cross-sectional study.

Author

Ali, Musa Mohammed, Kwatra, Gaurav, Mengistu, Mulugeta, Kijineh, Biniyam, Hailemeriam, Techilew, Worku, Endale, Fenta, Demissie Assegu, Lambiyo, Tariku, Reda, Dawit Yihdego, and Alemayehu, Tsegaye

Abstract

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in low- income countries. Neonatal sepsis is classified as early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS). Etiologies responsible for EONS are mostly acquired vertically from the mother during or before birth with the possibility of prevention. The burden and etiology of neonatal sepsis is not uniform across the globe with huge disparities based on the income level of the countries. This study aimed to determine neonatal sepsis trends, prevalence, and etiologies at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialised Hospital (HUCSH). Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among newborns aged 0 to 90 days who were admitted to the HUCSH from January 2019 to July 2023. Patient-related information and the culture results were obtained from HUCSH microbiology laboratory registration book. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 software. Results: Out of 2364 newborns suspected of having sepsis, 56% (95% CI: 54−58%) had culture-confirmed sepsis. When excluding Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CONS), the prevalence of culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis was 36.9%. The highest numbers of culture-confirmed cases was observed in 2021. The predominant bacteria identified were Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CONS) (34.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.9%), and Enterococcus (10.6%). Among culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis, 59.9% and 40.1% of cases were EONS and LONS, respectively. Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were the major bacteria found in both EONS and LONS while. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the second most common bacteria among newborns with EONS following CONS. Conclusions: The prevalence of culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis was relatively high in the study area. Early-onset neonatal sepsis was consistently more prevalent than LONS. The predominant etiologies of neonatal sepsis excluding CONS were K. pneumoniae, Enterococcus, Enterobacter agglomerans, Acinetobacter species, and Staphylococcus aureus. Among newborns with EONS, the predominant bacteria were K. pneumoniae, Enterococcus, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Acinetobacter species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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7. Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, Associated Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Among Pregnant Women Attending Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Author

Wabe,Yasin Awol, Reda,Dawit Yihdego, Abreham,Estifanos Tsige, Gobene,Degeuf Beyene, and Ali,Musa Mohammed

Subjects
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
Abstract

Yasin Awol Wabe,1 Dawit Yihdego Reda,2 Estifanos Tsige Abreham,3 Degeuf Beyene Gobene,3 Musa Mohammed Ali2 1Werabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Worabe, Ethiopia; 2Hawassa University, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia; 3Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yasin Awol Wabe Email awolyasin30@gmail.comIntroduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the presence of bacteria in significant quantity in the absence of signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). ASB, if it occurs during pregnancy, can cause serious complications both among fetus and pregnant women.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ASB, its associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates among pregnant women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2019 among 290 pregnant women at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Clean-catch midstream urine specimens were collected using sterile containers and cultured on MacConkey agar and sheep blood agar to isolate bacteria. Socio-demographic and obstetric data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. The association between ASB and risk factors was assessed using logistic regressions. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as a cut point to determine the significant association.Results: From 290 study participants, 16.9% with 95 CI [13.1, 21.5] were positive for ASB. The predominant bacteria were Escherichia coli (43%) and Staphylococcus aureus (20%). Majority of E. coli (91.0%) were susceptible to nitrofurantoin and gentamycin; most of them were resistant to amoxicillin (86.4%) and cotrimoxazole (77.7%). The proportion of multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates was 57.1%. Previous infection with UTI, previous history of catheterization, and natural abortion were significantly associated with ASB.Conclusion: In the study area, ASB is prevalent in the study area indicating the importance of screening of ASB and possible treatment to prevent its consequences.Keywords: asymptomatic bacteriuria, antibiotic susceptibility, pregnant woman, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Published
2020

8. Acid-Fast Bacilli Positivity Rate and Associated Factors among Leprosy Suspected Cases attending Selected Health Facilities located in West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Author

Bekala,Degefa, Reda,Dawit Yihdego, Ali,Musa Mohammed, Bekala,Degefa, Reda,Dawit Yihdego, and Ali,Musa Mohammed

Abstract

Degefa Bekala,1 Dawit Yihdego Reda,2 Musa Mohammed Ali2 1Bulchana Health Center, Oromia, Ethiopia; 2School of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Musa Mohammed Ali Email ysnmss@yahoo.comIntroduction: Leprosy is one of the neglected tropical diseases that affect skin and peripheral nervous system often results in severe, lifelong disabilities and deformities. Even though multidrug therapy was in place for more than 30 years to treat and prevent leprosy worldwide including Ethiopia, its epidemiology is not well studied in the West Arsi zone.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positivity rate and associated factors among leprosy suspected cases.Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 leprosy suspected cases from August 2020 to December 2020. To detect AFB, skin slit specimens were collected and examined using the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Logistic regression was employed to determine predictors of AFB positivity rate.Results: Acid-fast bacilli were detected among 46 leprosy suspected cases which gives a prevalence of 10.9% with 95% CI (8.2‒15.6). Suspected leprosy cases with multibacillary type were 4 times more likely to be AFB positive (p=0.021) than their counterparts. Study participants who had contact with known leprosy cases were 2 times more likely to be AFB positive (p = 0.032) and those with no formal education were 2 times more likely to be AFB positive (p = 0.03). Participants who had close contact with leprosy patients for ≥ 3 years were 8 times more likely to be AFB positive (p = 0.02).Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of AFB positivity rate in the era of multidrug therapy. Types of leprosy, c

Published
2021

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