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We describe a second species of Nearctomeris Wesener, 2012, a genus of pill millipede endemic to the southern Appalachians, based on morphological and molecular evidence. The fauna of Glomerida in America is characterized by its low diversity, and Nearctomeris smoky sp. nov. is only the fifth species of the order known from the eastern United States. Our phylogenetic analyses based on COI sequences recover a tentatively monophyletic lineage including both eastern American genera Onomeris Cook, 1896 and Nearctomeris, with a common ancestor in the Late Cretaceous to Mid Eocene and extant diversity within genera dating back to the Miocene. Our results suggest that the observed low diversity of the group in the eastern US is likely caused by extinction events, but it is also possible that new species are yet to be found. We provide new records for Nearctomeris inexpectata Wesener, 2012, Onomeris underwoodi Cook, 1896 and O. australora Hoffman, 1950; the latter is here reported for the first time from South Carolina. We also present DNA barcoding data for all species of Glomerida present in the US that are not yet publicly available.

12 p., [ES] La fauna hipogea o cavernícola ibero-balear ha sido a lo largo de muchos años puesta en evidencia por numerosos zoólogos en las distintas disciplinas. Especialistas de los distintos grupos faunísticos capaces de colonizar las cuevas y las aguas subterráneas que las recorren. Hoy sabemos que esta diversidad de troglobios y estigobios alcanza un total de 1364 taxones: 1285 especies y 79 subespecies hipogeas (cavernícolas) pertenecientes a cuatro filos: Plathyhelminthes (2), Annelida (23), Mollusca (122) y Arthropoda (1217) en todo el territorio ibero-balear. Una fauna que cuenta con numerosos ejemplos de elementos relictos de especial interés paleogeográfico. De la totalidad de taxones hipogeos o cavernícolas del territorio ibero balear, 438 taxones (430 especies y 8 subespecies) son estigobios y 926 taxones (852 especies y 74 subespecies) son troglobios. En lo referente a la distribución de los taxones troglobios es el distrito Cantábrico el que posee una mayor riqueza en especies y subespecies, un total de 208, seguido del Vasco con 163 taxones, el Pirenaico con 153 y el Bético con 142. Algo menos diversos son los distritos Levantino (124 taxones) y Catalán (104 taxones), seguidos de lejos por el Lusitánico con 46 taxones, el Balear con 41 y el Central con tan sólo 19. Entre los estigobios 156 especies y subespecies pueblan las aguas subterráneas de las regiones delimitadas por las cuecas lusitánicas. Le siguen en diversidad las cuencas pirenaicas con 154 taxones estigobios, las béticas con 114 y por último las aguas del subsuelo de las cuencas baleáricas con 47 taxones estigobios, algunos de los cuales son talaso-estigobios, propios de las aguas marinas costeras, [EN] The Iberian-Balearic hypogean or cave fauna has been highlighted for many years by numerous zoologists in different disciplines. Specialists of the different faunal groups capable of colonizing both the caves and the groundwater that runs through them. Today we know that this diversity of troglobites and stygobites reaches a total of 1,364 taxa: 1,285 species and 79 hypogean (cave-dwelling) subspecies belonging to four phyla: Plathyhelminthes (2), Annelida (23), Mollusca (122), and Arthropoda (1,217) in the entire Ibero-Balearic territory. A fauna that has numerous examples of relict elements of special paleogeographical interest. Of all the hypogean or cave taxa in the Iberian Balearic territory, 438 taxa (430 species and 8 subspecies) are stygobites and 926 taxa (852 species and 74 subspecies) are troglobites. Regarding the distribution of toglobites, the Cantabrian district is the one with the greatest richness in species and subspecies, a total of 208, followed by the Basque with 163 taxa, the Pyrenees with 153 and the Baetic with 142. Somewhat less diverse are the Levantine (124 taxa) and Catalan (104 taxa) districts, followed at a distance by the Lusitanian with 46 taxa, the Balearic with 41 and the Central with only 19. Among the stygobites, 156 species and subspecies populate the groundwater of the regions delimited by the Lusitanic basins. Following in diversity are the Pyrenean basins with 154 stygobites, the Baetic ones with 114 and finally the subsoil waters of the Balearic basins with 47 stygobites, some of which are thalaso-stygobic, typical of coastal marine waters.

CRISTARMADILLIDIUM BREUILI VANDEL, 1954 (FIGS 1E, 7E) Cristarmadillidium breuili Vandel, 1954b: 63. Material examined: Three males and three females (MNCN 20.04 /14391- MNCN 20.04 /14396), Spain, Comunidad Valenciana, Alicante Province, Ondara, Bolumini Cave, 38°49′55″N, 0°01′39″W, 15 July 2016. Remarks: This species is highly troglophilous, and it could represent a strict troglobiont organism, because it has never been collected outside cave systems (Garcia, 2020). However, it does not show any typically troglobious morphological traits other than slight eye and pigment reductions (Christiansen, 2012)., Published as part of Recuero, Ernesto, Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C. & García-París, Mario, 2022, Homoplasy and morphological stasis revealed through multilocus phylogeny of new myrmecophilous species in Armadillidiidae (Isopoda: Oniscidea), pp. 1312-1340 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1323, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab066, http://zenodo.org/record/6459236, {"references":["Vandel A. 1954 b. Note sur deux Armadillidiidae endoges et cavernicoles de la region de Grasse (crustaces; isopodes terrestres). Notes Biospeologiques 9: 49 - 60.","Garcia L. 2020. Algunas observaciones morfologicas sobre Cristarmadillidium breuili Vandel, 1954 (Oniscidea: Armadillidiidae) del Complejo del Arroyo de la Rambla (Peal de Becerro, Jaen). Monografias Bioespeleologicas 15: 1 - 4.","Christiansen KA. 2012. Morphological adaptations. In: White WB, Culver DC, eds. Encyclopedia of caves, 2 nd edn. Amsterdam: Academic / Elsevier Press, 517 - 528."]}

IBERIARMADILLIDIUM GEN. NOV. Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: h t t p: / / z o o b a n k. o r g / u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 3 2 B C 4 C A 3 - A 6 4 3 - 4C5F-B69D-815CF20C6F34 Type species: Iberiarmadillidium psammophilum sp. nov. by present original designation. Etymology: From the Latin Iberia, Spain, and the genus Armadillidium, which in turn means ‘small armadillo’. Diagnosis: Endoantennal, euspheric conglobation. Eluma - type cephalon, with a frontal line continuing the scutellar upper margin and no trace of a postscutellar line. Scutellum triangular, wider than high, slightly concave in the middle, clearly separated from vertex but not protruding above it. Antennary lobes well developed, obliquely directed frontwards. Eyes small, with four to six pigmented ommatidia. Cephalic shield covered by three or four transverse rows of tubercles, irregularly arranged except for the caudal one. Pereonites with two or three transverse rows of large tubercles. Pleonites with one transverse row of tubercles. Pereonite 1 epimera with a small schisma. Shape of distal part of pereonite 4 and 5 epimera broad, with squarish to broadly rounded angles. Epimera of pereonites 2 or 2 and 3 with sinuous, slightly concave outer margin. Surface of pereon, pleon and epimera mostly covered by round, convex, scale-like papillae with irregular margins. Glandular fields in pereon 2 and 3 epimera with one or two pores, longitudinally elongated, elliptical, submedially located in the lateral margin. Pleopod 1 exopod with concave proximal and distal margins. Pleopod 2 exopod clearly longer (~1.5 times) than wide. Remarks: This new genus can be diagnosed from all other Armadillidiidae genera by a combination of morphological characters. From Alloschizidium Verhoeff, 1919 it differs in having an Eluma - type head, a rounded triangular telson [truncate in all species of Alloschizidium except Alloschizidiumracovitzai (Vandel, 1954)] reduced but well-marked eyes, pigmentation developed, and presence of tubercles in pereon and pleon tergites; from Armadillidium it differs in having an Eluma - type head, presence of a schisma in pereonite 1 epimera (present in a few Armadillidium species in the Armadillidium pruvoti group) and reduced eyes; from Ballodillium it differs in having tubercles in pereon and pleon tergites, reduced eyes, lacking pilose setae covering the body, and absence of a groove along the margin of pereonite 1 epimera. From Cristarmadillidium, the most similar genus morphologically, it differs in having sinuous, slightly concave outer margin of pereonite 2 epimera, pereonite 4 and 5 epimera distally broad, with squarish to broadly rounded angles, tegument covered by round, convex, scale-like papillae, glandular fields in pereon 2 and 3 epimera longitudinally elongated and close to the lateral margin, and pleopod 2 exopod much longer than wide. From Cyphodillidium Verhoeff, 1939 it differs in having a rounded triangular telson, uropod exopodite about two times as broad as long, reduced eyes, and posterior corner of pereonite 1 epimera not produced acutely backwards. From Echinarmadillidium Verhoeff, 1901 it differs in having an Eluma - type head, a rounded triangular telson, reduced but well-marked eyes, absence of a schisma in pereonite 2 epimera, and absence of a groove along the margin of pereonite 1 epimera. From Eleoniscus Racovitza, 1907 it differs in having eyes, presence of a schisma in pereonite 1 epimera, pigmentation developed, presence of tubercles in pereon and pleon tergites, uropod exopodite about two times as broad as long, and lacking pilose setae covering the body. From Eluma it differs in having eyes with several ommatidia instead of the single ommatidium typical of Eluma. From Paraschizidium Verhoeff, 1919 it differs in having a schisma in pereonite 1 epimera, reduced but well-marked eyes, threesegmented antennula, pigmentation developed, and presence of tubercles in pereon and pleon tergites. From Paxodillidium Schmalfuss, 1985 it differs in having a schisma in pereonite 1 epimera, two or three transverse rows of tubercles on each pereon tergite, rectangularshaped uropod exopodite, and a rounded triangular telson. From Platanosphera Strouhal, 1956 it differs in in having a schisma in pereonite 1 epimera, two or three transverse rows of tubercles on each pereon tergite, tegument covered by round, convex, scale-like papillae and male pleopod exopodite 1 with hindlobe. From Schizidium Verhoeff, 1901 it differs in having a rounded triangular telson and presence of tubercles in pereon and pleon tergites. From Trichodillidium Schmalfuss, 1989 it differs in having an Eluma - type head, reduced eyes, pigmentation developed, presence of tubercles in pereon and pleon tergites and lacking pilose setae covering the body. From Troglarmadillidium Verhoeff, 1900 it differs in having a schisma in pereonite 1 epimera, reduced but well-marked eyes, pigmentation developed, uropod exopodite about two times as broad as long, presence of a frontal scutellum in the cephalon, presence of a frontal line and antennal lobes and presence of tubercles in pereon and pleon tergites; from Trogleluma Vandel, 1946 it differs in having a schisma in pereonite 1 epimera, reduced but well-marked eyes, pigmentation developed, uropod exopodite about two times as broad as long and presence of tubercles in pereon and pleon tergites. From Typhlarmadillidium Verhoeff, 1900 it differs in having a schisma in pereonite 1 epimera, reduced but wellmarked eyes, pigmentation developed, uropod exopodite about two times as broad as long, frontal scutellum closed and presence of tubercles in pereon and pleon tergites. All three Iberiarmadillidium species share a similar general habitus (Fig. 5A–C). However, they also present high genetic divergences, particularly for the mitochondrial DNA gene Cox1, with mean interspecific uncorrected p -distances of 20–21%. In the case of nuclear markers, with much slower substitution rates than Cox1, mean uncorrected p -distances among species ranged from 0.5 to 0.7% in the analysed fragment of the 18S, from 0.20 to 0.35% in 28S and from 0.7 to 2.3% in H3., Published as part of Recuero, Ernesto, Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C. & García-París, Mario, 2022, Homoplasy and morphological stasis revealed through multilocus phylogeny of new myrmecophilous species in Armadillidiidae (Isopoda: Oniscidea), pp. 1312-1340 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on pages 1326-1327, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab066, http://zenodo.org/record/6459236, {"references":["Verhoeff K. 1919. Ueber augenlose Armadillidien und kritische Prufung der Familie Armadillidiidae. 25. Isopoden-Aufsatz. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A 83: 160 - 170.","Schmalfuss H. 1989. Die Land-Isopoden (Oniscidea) Griechenlands. 10. Beitrag: Gattung Trichodillidium g. n. (Armadillidiidae). Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse Abteilung I 197: 207 - 214."]}

IBERIARMADILLIDIUM PSAMMOPHILUM SP. NOV. (FIGS 1B, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 11A–K) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: h t t p: / / z o o b a n k. o r g / u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 1 C E 3 0 D E E - B 5 F 1 - 46C3-9914-7B019312443C Material examined: Holotype: male (MNCN 20.04 /14325), Spain, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, El Pardo, 40°28′58″N, 3°45′03″W, 16 October 2015. Paratypes: four males and five females (MNCN 20.04 /14326- MNCN 20.04 /14334), same locality and date as holotype. – One male and one female (MNCN 20.04 /14335- MNCN 20.04 /14336), same locality as holotype, 10 April 2012. – Four males and three females (MNCN 20.04 /14337- MNCN 20.04 /14343), same locality as holotype, 6 November 2012. – Five males and four females (MNCN 20.04 /14344- MNCN 20.04 /14352), same locality as holotype, 25 February 2015. – Two males and two females (MNCN 20.04 /14353- MNCN 20.04 /14356), same locality as holotype, 1 November 2015. – Three males and three females (MNCN 20.04 /14357- MNCN 20.04 /14362), Spain, Castilla y León, Ávila Province, Sotillo de la Adrada, 40°17′18″N, 4°33′07″W, 4 April 2011. Etymology: From Ancient Greek ψάμμος (psammos), sand, and φίλος (philos), friend or lover, referring to the preference for sandy soils where the species has been found. These sandy soils are formed by the erosion and deposit of granitic materials from the Sistema Central Mountains (Vera, 2004). Diagnosis: A species of Iberiarmadillidium characterized by the presence of elongated tubercles, usually not elevated in a keel-like shape or, if so, with roundish profile; those in posterior rows particularly elongated, surpassing the caudal margin of pereonites. Lateralmost pair of tubercles on pereonite 7 elongated, with the caudal one longer than the frontal one, at most subequal in size. Central pair of tubercles in pleonite 5 larger than lateral pairs. Pereonite 2 epimera with sinuous outer margin, in pereonite 3 epimera it might be sinuous or, more rarely, straight. Colour of epimera lighter than dorsal parts. Outer lobe of pleopod 1 endopod with almost straight margin. Pleopod 2 exopodite almost triangular, with moderately concave distal/outer margin; pleopod 2 endopod tapering progressively from base. Pleopod 4 exopod with almost straight distal margin. Description: Maximum length: ♂ 5.5 mm, ♀ 6 mm. Maximum width: ♂ ~ 2.5 mm, ♀ 2.7 mm. Colour in life brownish, with epimera, antennae and pereopods whitish (Fig. 1B). Colour of preserved specimens, after ≤ 9 years in ethanol, light brown to off-white, with epimera usually lighter than dorsal parts. Body habitus (Figs 1B, 5A) strongly convex, able to roll up into a perfect ball, with pereon and pleon covered by rows of strong, elongated tubercles; specimens from Sotillo de la Adrada present much smaller tubercles than those from El Pardo, but they are still clearly visible even without magnification. Epimera vertical and slightly directed outwards, especially in the posterior half of the body. Tegument with whole surface of pereon, pleon and epimera covered by round, convex, scale-like papillae with irregular margins, clearly visible in SEM images (Figs 5A, 6A, 7A), absent in tips of tubercles and some small areas between them; with sparse but evenly distributed small scale-setae with broad base and short tip, present also on tubercles. Scale-setae stouter in parts of the head, such as scutellum, frontal line and clypeum; in antennae, pereopods and uropods scale-setae triangular and stout, longer and thinner in antennal flagellum (Fig. 11A–D); Glandular fields with one or two pores, longitudinally elongated, elliptical, anteriorly located in epimera 1, submedially located in the lateral margin of other epimera, but not observed in every epimera. Cephalon (Fig. 8A) of Eluma type, frontal line continuing scutellum upper margin and with no trace of a postscutellar line; scutellum triangular, broader than high, slightly concave in the middle, clearly separated and slightly elevated from vertex, but not protruding above it; antennary lobes well developed, obliquely directed frontwards; eyes small, with three to five pigmented ommatidia; cephalic shield covered by four rows of tubercles, irregularly arranged except caudal one, formed by ten to 12 tubercles, larger than the rest (in some specimens isolated, abnormally broad tubercles can be formed by the fusion of two regular ones). Pereonites (Fig. 5A) with elongated tubercles, low with rounded transverse section or high with rounded profile; particularly elongated in caudal rows, surpassing the caudal margin of pereonites. Pereonite 1 with three or four rows of tubercles, irregularly arranged, but caudal one that is formed by 14 tubercles; posterior margin straight, concave at the beginning of epimera (Fig. 5A); epimera 1 with three or four irregularly arranged, small to large tubercles; caudal angle with a small schisma (Fig. 6A), with inner lobe poorly differentiated and shorter than outer one, not forming a sulcus along the lateral margin. Pereonite 2 with two rows of elongated, subequal tubercles, with some small, isolated tubercles between them, the caudal one with 14 or 15 tubercles; epimera 2 with sinuous outer margin, showing one or two small- to medium-sized tubercles, absent in specimens from Sotillo de la Adrada. Pereonite 3 with two rows of elongated, subequal tubercles, often with some small isolated tubercles among them, the caudal one with 14 tubercles; epimera 3 with sinuous outer margin (straight in some specimens from Sotillo de la Adrada) and showing one or two small- to mediumsized tubercles, absent in specimens from Sotillo de la Adrada. Pereonite 4 with two rows of tubercles, with some small isolated tubercles among them, the caudal one with 14 tubercles; epimera 4 without tubercles (Sotillo de la Adrada) or with a barely marked tubercle (El Pardo), lateral profile broadly rounded to squarish. Pereonite 5 with two rows of tubercles, with some small isolated tubercles among them, the caudal one with 13 or 14 elongated tubercles; lateralmost tubercles usually elongated, the caudal one longer or subequal; epimera 5 without tubercles (Sotillo de la Adrada) or with a barely marked tubercle (El Pardo), lateral profile squarish, with anterior corner rounded. Pereonite 6 with two rows of tubercles, with some small isolated tubercles among them, the caudal one with 12–14 tubercles; lateralmost tubercles usually elongated, the caudal one longer or subequal; epimera 6 without tubercles (Sotillo de la Adrada) or with one or two small tubercles (El Pardo), lateral profile squarish, sometimes with rounded corners. Pereonite 7 with two rows of elongated tubercles, the caudal one with 12 tubercles, longer than the frontal ones, surpassing the caudal margin of pereonite; lateralmost tubercles elongated, caudal ones longer than frontal; epimera 7 without tubercles (Sotillo de la Adrada) or with one or two small tubercles (El Pardo), lateral profile squarish. Pleonites with a single row of rounded, medium to large tubercles: six to nine in pleonite 1, seven to nine in pleonite 2, eight to ten in pleonite 3, eight or nine in pleonite 4 and six in pleonite 5. Central, paramedian pair of tubercles in pleonite 5 always larger than lateral ones (Fig. 7A). Neopleura 3 and 4 with one barely marked tubercles in specimens from El Pardo, without tubercles in specimens from Sotillo de la Adrada; neopleura 5 with no apparent tubercles. Telson (Fig. 7A) triangular, with broadly rounded apex; surface with two paramedian, medium-sized, elongated tubercles; apex slightly curved outwards, giving a concave appearance. Antennula three-segmented: first article broadest, second article shortest, and third article with subapical aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 11C) densely covered with small but robust, triangular scale-setae, thinner in the flagellum; with fifth article of peduncle slightly longer than flagellum; flagellum with second article 2.3–2.5 times as long as first article. Pleopod 1 and 2 exopods with covered lungs. Uropod (Fig. 11D) with abundant small, triangular scale-setae; protopod about as long as endopod and twice as long as exopod; exopod about two times as broad as long. Male: Pereopod 1 (Fig. 11A) merus and carpus armed with two lines of long, strong, spiniform setae along sternal margin. Long spiniform setae present in sternal margin of propodus only in distal third. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 11B) with no distinct sexual modifications; ischium with slightly concave sternal margin. Sternal margin of merus, carpus and propodus armed with long, strong, spiniform setae. Pleopod 1 exopod (Fig. 11E) with internal half ~2.5 times as long as external half, with concave proximal and distal margins; distal and proximal ends of inner half broadly rounded, bearing a single seta in distal margin. Endopod (Fig. 11F) 2.4 times as long as exopod; outer lobe with almost straight margin; distal portion ending in a narrow apex, with no particular structures. Pleopod 2 exopod (Fig. 11G) almost triangular, with concave outer/distal margin bearing long setae and slightly convex proximal margin; endopod (Fig. 11H) ~1.5 times as long as exopod; narrow, tapering progressively from the base to the apex. Pleopod 3 exopod (Fig. 11I) with concave distal margin, more straight in 4 and 5 (Fig. 11J, K), all of them bearing setae; a marked convexity is present in the proximal margin of pleopod 4 exopod. Remarks: There is considerable interpopulational variation in the degree of development of the tubercles covering the cephalic shield, pereonites and pleonites, with tubercles larger and much more conspicuous in specimens from El Pardo (Madrid) than in those from Sotillo de la Adrada (Ávila). All populations have been found during wet months, under stones in the company of ants in sandy siliceous soils in typically Mediterranean landscapes dominated by Quercus ilex L. (El Pardo) or Pinus pinea (Sotillo de la Adrada). Populations from El Pardo (Madrid) have been found in nests of Camponotus cruentatus (Latreille, 1802), Pheidole pallidula and Aphaenogaster dulcineae Emery, 1924., Published as part of Recuero, Ernesto, Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C. & García-París, Mario, 2022, Homoplasy and morphological stasis revealed through multilocus phylogeny of new myrmecophilous species in Armadillidiidae (Isopoda: Oniscidea), pp. 1312-1340 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on pages 1329-1332, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab066, http://zenodo.org/record/6459236, {"references":["Vera JA. 2004. Geologia de Espana. Madrid: Sociedad Geologica de Espana-Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana."]}

CRISTARMADILLIDIUM MYRMECOPHILUM SP. NOV. (FIGS 1C, 5D, 6D, 7D, 8D, 9A–K) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: h t t p: / / z o o b a n k. o r g / urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 872BCE5A-C6DC-4B51- 9EF5-C36BE3C27BB7 Material examined: Holotype: male (MNCN 20.04 /14300), Spain, Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real Province, Guadalmez, 38°42′21.6″N, 4°57′01.5″W, 21 February 2013. Paratypes: four males and five females (MNCN 20.04 /14301- MNCN 20.04 /14309), same locality and date as holotype. – Two males and two females (MNCN 20.04 /14310- MNCN 20.04 /14313), Spain, Extremadura, Badajoz Province, Capilla, 38°45′56″N, 5°01′54″W, 21 February 2013. – One male and eight females (MNCN 20.04 /14314- MNCN 20.04 /14322), Spain, Extremadura, Cáceres Province, Casas de Don Antonio, 39°11′59″N, 6°16′45″W, 28 December 2015. – One male and One female (MNCN 20.04 /14323- MNCN 20.04 /14324), Spain, Andalucía, Cádiz Province, Espera, 36°52′19.5″N, 5°51′49.5″W, 1 April 2012. Etymology: From the Greek μύρμηξ (myrmex), ant, and φίλος (philos), friend or lover, in reference to the observed association of this new species with ant nests. D i a g n o s i s: A s p e c i e s o f C r i s t a r m a d i l l i d i u m differentiated from other species of the genus by the presence of a small schisma. Ornamentation of tegument without marked tubercles, although it presents slightly elevated granules reminiscent of tubercles, perceptible only at high magnification or in the largest specimens. Epimera vertical, not bent outwards in a bell-shaped transverse body section. Pleopod 1 exopod with rounded apexes and distal margin bent in an obtuse angle, resembling C. muricatum. Pleopod 2 exopod short, ~1.1 times as long as wide, also resembling C. muricatum. Description: Maximum length: ♂ ~ 5 mm, ♀ 6.5 mm. Maximum width: ♂ ~ 2 mm, ♀ 3 mm. Colour in life brownish, lighter in epimera; antennae and pereopods whitish (Fig. 1C). Colour of specimens preserved in ethanol light brown to off-white. Body habitus (Figs 1C, 5D) strongly convex, able to roll up into a complete ball, with pereon and pleon presenting rows of shallow granules; epimera almost vertical. Tegument with large areas of surface of pereon, pleon and epimera covered by rounded, concave papillae; anterior parts of epimera with rows of semicircular scales; with sparse but evenly distributed small scale-setae with broad base and short tip. Scalesetae stouter, triangular in parts of the head, such as scutellum, frontal line, antennae and clypeus. In pereopods, scale-setae large to very large, acutely triangular, resembling small spines; glandular fields in epimera of pereonites 2 and 3 with one or two pores, transversely elongated, located far from the lateral margin, medially in epimera 2, submedially in epimera 3. Cephalon (Fig. 8D) of Eluma type, with frontal line continuing the scutellum upper margin and no trace of a postscutellar line. Scutellum triangular, wider than long, clearly separated from vertex but not protruding above it. Antennary lobes well developed, obliquely directed frontwards. Eyes small, with four to six pigmented ommatidia. Cephalic shield rugose, with obsolete granules, sometimes a little larger in the caudal margin, forming a diffuse transverse row. Pereonite 1 covered with obsolete granules, poorly defined but arranged in two or three irregular transverse rows, the caudal one almost imperceptible in some specimens; posterior margin straight, clearly concave only at the start of the epimera; epimera 1 without granules, caudal angle with a small schisma (Fig. 6D), with inner lobe shorter than outer one, not forming a sulcus along the lateral margin. Pereonites 2–7 with one row of elongated, obsolete granules; a second, caudal row of granules is almost imperceptible; epimera without tubercles; lateral profiles squarish, but in epimera 4 narrow and rounded, and in epimera 5 rounded and broader than 4. Pleonites (Fig. 7D) with obsolete, barely perceptible granules, aligned in a single row along caudal margins; neopleura without tubercles. Telson (Fig. 7D) triangular, with broadly rounded apex; surface almost flat to slightly concave, without tubercles or at most with two poorly defined paramedian granules in large specimens. Antennula three-segmented: first article broadest, second article shortest, and third article as long as first one and with subapical aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 9C) with small but robust, triangular scale-setae, more numerous in articles 4 and 5, thinner and longer in the flagellum; fifth article longer than flagellum, bearing distally a long, spiniform seta; second flagellar article 2.5–2.8 times as long as first, bearing two rows of aesthetascs. Pleopod 1 and 2 exopods with monospiracular covered lungs. Uropod (Fig. 9D) with scarce triangular scale-setae, with protopod 0.8 times as long as endopod and 2.5 times as long as exopod; exopod about two times as wide as long. Male: Pereopod 1 (Fig. 9A) merus and carpus armed with two irregular lines of strong, spiniform setae along sternal margin, longer in carpus; sternal margin of propodus with long spiniform setae in distal half; isolated long, strong, spiniform setae present also in basis, ischium and tergal margin of merus. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 9B) with no distinct sexual modifications, ischium with straight sternal margin; with long, strong, spiniform setae along sternal margin of carpus and propodus, and isolated in basis, ischium and merus. Pleopod 1 exopod (Fig. 9E) with internal half rounded, about two times as long as external half, with concave proximal margin, and distal margin bent in an obtuse angle; endopod (Fig. 9F) 2.2 times as long as exopod, distal portion acute, with no differentiated structures. Pleopod 2 exopod (Fig. 9G) subtriangular, with acute distal end and deeply concave outer/distal margin; endopod (Fig. 9H) narrow, about twice as long as exopod. Pleopod 3 exopod (Fig. 9I) with concave distal margin; pleopod 4 exopod (Fig. 9J) almost quadrangular; pleopod 5 exopod with distal margin slightly concave (Fig. 9K). Remarks: We found this species in Mediterranean scrublands and meadows, on sandy soils, always under stones hosting ant nests. The population from Guadalmez, Ciudad Real, was found in the company of Tapinoma nigerrimum (Nylander, 1856) or Pheidole pallidula (Nylander, 1849).

CRISTARMADILLIDIUM ARCANGELI, 1935 Type species: Armadillidium muricatum Budde- Lund, 1885, by original designation. Originally described as a subgenus of Armadillidium (Arcangeli, 1935). Diagnosis: According to Arcangeli (1936), Vandel (1954a) and the new species here described, Cristarmadillidium is diagnosed by their Eluma - type head, reduced eye size (from four to six ommatidia in C.myrmecophilum totento 12in C.muricatum),absence of clear sexual dimorphism in pereopod 7, presence (C. myrmecophilum) or not (C. muricatum, C. breuili, Cristarmadillidium zaragozai Cifuentes & Prieto, 2020 and Cristarmadillidium alticola Cifuentes, 2021) of a small schisma in pereonite 1 epimera; tubercles developed (C. muricatum and C. zaragozai), obsolete (C. breuili and C. myrmecophilum) or absent (C. alticola); outer margin of pereonite 2 epimera straight; shape of distal part of pereonite 4 epimera narrow and rounded, of pereonite 5 epimera rounded, broader than 4 but narrower than other epimera; large areas of pereon, pleon and epimera, and of telson and uropod exopods, covered by rounded, concave papillae (but see Garcia, 2020); glandular fields in pereonites 2 and 3 epimera transversely elongated, located far from the lateral margin, medially in epimera 2, submedially in epimera 3; and pleopod 2 exopod only slightly longer (1.11–1.30 times) than wide. Remarks: The tegument microstructures resembling rounded, concave papillae, which are present on large areas of the body surface (Figs 5D, E, 6D, E, 7D, E), resemble those described or illustrated in at least three other Armadillidiidae species: Echinarmadillidium cycladicum Schmalfuss & Sfenthourakis, 1995, Platanosphaera cavernarum (Vandel, 1958) and Eluma praticola Taiti & Rossano, 2015 (Schmalfuss & Sfenthourais, 1995; Schmalfuss et al., 2004; Taiti & Rossano, 2015)., Published as part of Recuero, Ernesto, Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C. & García-París, Mario, 2022, Homoplasy and morphological stasis revealed through multilocus phylogeny of new myrmecophilous species in Armadillidiidae (Isopoda: Oniscidea), pp. 1312-1340 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1319, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab066, http://zenodo.org/record/6459236, {"references":["Arcangeli A. 1935. Isopodi terrestri di caverne della Spagna (Collezione del Museo di Storia Naturale di Madrid). Eos, Revista Espanola de Entomologia 10: 171 - 195.","Arcangeli A. 1936. Sopra alcuni sottogeneri di Armadillidium Br. (Isopodi terrestri). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della reale Universita di Torino 45: 133 - 151.","Vandel A. 1954 a. Une nouvelle espece cavernicole appartenant a la famille des Armadillidiidae et provenant de l'Espagne orientale. Notes Biospeologiques 9: 61 - 66.","Cifuentes J, Prieto CE. 2020. Cristarmadillidium zaragozai n. sp. (Oniscidea, Armadillidiidae), un nuevo isopodo terrestre de la Peninsula Iberica. Graellsia 76: e 111.","Cifuentes J. 2021. El genero Cristarmadillidium Arcangeli, 1935, en la peninsula iberica, y descripcion de una nueva especie C. alticola n. sp. de Sierra Nevada (Oniscidea, Armadillidiidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia 45: 61 - 72.","Garcia L. 2020. Algunas observaciones morfologicas sobre Cristarmadillidium breuili Vandel, 1954 (Oniscidea: Armadillidiidae) del Complejo del Arroyo de la Rambla (Peal de Becerro, Jaen). Monografias Bioespeleologicas 15: 1 - 4.","Schmalfuss H, Sfenthourakis S. 1995. The terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) of Greece. 15 th contribution: genera Echinarmadillidium and Paxodillidium (Armadillidiidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie A 518: 1 - 21.","Taiti S, Rossano C. 2015. Terrestrial isopods from the Oued Laou basin, north-eastern Morocco (Crustacea: Oniscidea), with descriptions of two new genera and seven new species. Journal of Natural History 49: 2067 - 2138.","Schmalfuss H, Paragamian K, Sfenthourakis S. 2004. The terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Crete and the surrounding islands. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 662: 1 - 74."]}

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CRISTARMADILLIDIUM AND IBERIARMADILLIDIUM 1. Tegument not covered by strong tubercles................................................................................................... 2 Tegument covered by strong tubercles.......................................................................................................... 3 2. Tegument smooth......................................................................................... Cristarmadillidium alticola 3. Tegument with obsolete, but patent tubercles............................................................................................... 4 4. Pereonite 1 epimera with schisma. Epimera vertical (without bell-shaped transverse body section). Pleopod 1 exopod with rounded apexes........................................ Cristarmadillidium myrmecophilum Pereonite 1 epimera without schisma. Epimera bent outwards (with bell-shaped transverse body section). Pleopod 1 exopod with pointed distal apex................................................... Cristarmadillidium breuili 5. Pereonite 1 epimera without schisma........................................................................................................... 6 Pereonite 1 epimera with schisma......................................................................... 7 (Iberiarmadillidium) 6. Tubercles hypertrophied in cephalon, pereon, pleon and telson.......... Cristarmadillidium muricatum Small tubercles on cephalon and pleon, larger and elongated in pereonites, absent in telson.................................................................................................................................... Cristarmadillidium zaragozai 7. All tubercles on pleonite 5 equal in size. Tubercles on pereonites rounded, not elongated..................................................................................................................................................... Iberiarmadillidium sakura Middle pair of tubercles on pleonite 5 larger than outer two pairs. Tubercles on pereonites elongated... 8 8. Tubercles on pereonites elongated but rounded, neither elevated in a keel-like shape nor with a squarish profile. Epimera lighter than dorsal parts.................................... Iberiarmadillidium psammophilum Tubercles on pereonites elongated and elevated, keel-like and squarish in lateral profile, particularly in caudal rows. Uniform coloration................................................................ Iberiarmadillidium pinicola, Published as part of Recuero, Ernesto, Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C. & García-París, Mario, 2022, Homoplasy and morphological stasis revealed through multilocus phylogeny of new myrmecophilous species in Armadillidiidae (Isopoda: Oniscidea), pp. 1312-1340 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1335, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab066, http://zenodo.org/record/6459236

IBERIARMADILLIDIUM SAKURA SP. NOV. (FIGS 5C, 6C, 7C, 8C, 12A–K) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: h t t p: / / z o o b a n k. o r g / u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 3 D 2 3 D F 7 F - 8 E 3 2 - 43AE-9CA9-9B607DD83938 Material examined: Holotype: male (MNCN 20.04 /14363), Spain, Extremadura, Cáceres Province, Jerte, 40°12′48″N, 5°46′41″W, 4 April 2011. Paratypes: two males and two females (MNCN 20.04 /14364- MNCN 20.04 /14367), same locality and date as holotype. Etymology: From Japanese さくら or サクĵ (sakura), cherry blossoms, used here as a noun in apposition. Cherries are one of the most popular products from Valle del Jerte, where many cherry orchards are found. The flowering of cherry trees in springtime has become a famous and celebrated event. Diagnosis: A species of Iberiarmadillidium characterized by rounded tubercles in pereonites, generally not elongated as in I. pinicola or I. psammophilum. Lateralmost tubercles of pereonite 7 elongated, the frontal one longer than the caudal one. Tubercles in pleonite 5 equal to subequal in size. Pereonite 2 epimera with sinuous outer margin, pereonite 3 epimera with straight outer margin. Colour of epimera lighter than dorsal parts. Outer lobe of pleopod 1 endopod with almost straight margin. Pleopod 2 exopod with deeply concave outer/ distal margin; pleopod 2 endopod narrow, particularly in its distal half. Pleopod 4 exopod with concave distal margin. Description: Maximum length: ♂ ~ 4.2 mm, ♀ 4.3 mm. Maximum width: ♂ ~ 2.1 mm, ♀ 2 mm. Colour of preserved specimens, after almost 10 years in ethanol, off-white dorsally, almost white in the epimera and ventrally. Colour in life not recorded. Body habitus (Fig. 5C) strongly convex, able to roll up into a perfect ball, with pereon and pleon covered by rows of rounded tubercles; epimera vertical but with lateral margin directed slightly outwards. Tegument with whole surface of pereon, pleon and epimera covered by round, convex, scale-like papillae with irregular margins, visible in SEM images (Figs 5C, 6C, 7C), absent in tips of tubercles and some small areas between them; with sparse but evenly distributed small scale-setae with broad base and short tip, present also on tubercles; scale-setae stouter in parts of the head, such as scutellum, frontal line and clypeum; in antennae, pereopods and uropods scale-setae stout, acutely triangular, longer and thinner in antennal flagellum; glandular fields with one or two pores, longitudinally elongated, elliptical, anteriorly located in epimera 1, submedially located in the lateral margin of other epimera, but not observed in every epimera. Cephalon (Fig. 8C) of Eluma type; scutellum triangular, broader than high, slightly concave in the middle, clearly separated from vertex but not protruding above it; antennary lobes well developed, obliquely directed frontwards; eyes small, with four to six pigmented ommatidia; cephalic shield covered by three or four rows of tubercles, irregularly arranged except the caudal one, formed by ten tubercles usually slightly larger than the rest, with tubercles behind the eyes larger than the others. Pereonites (Fig. 5C) with transverse rows of rounded tubercles. Pereonite 1 with three or four rows of tubercles, the caudal one more regularly arranged, formed by 13 or 14 tubercles; posterior margin straight, concave in the sides; epimera 1 with four to six irregularly arrange tubercles of different sizes; caudal angle with a small schisma, with poorly differentiated inner lobe shorter than outer one, not forming a sulcus along the lateral margin. Pereonite 2 with three rows of tubercles, the middle one irregular and formed by smaller tubercles, the caudal one with 13 or 14 tubercles; epimera 2 with two or three poorly defined tubercles and sinuous outer margin. Pereonite 3 with two rows of tubercles, with some small isolated tubercles among them, the caudal one with 13–15 tubercles; epimera 3 with one or two barely marked tubercles and straight outer margin. Pereonite 4 with two rows of tubercles, sometimes with some small isolated tubercles among them, the caudal one with 13 or 14 tubercles; epimera 4 with a barely marked tubercle, lateral profile squarish to broadly rounded. Pereonite 5 with two rows of tubercles, with some small isolated tubercles among them, the caudal one with 14 tubercles; lateralmost tubercles usually elongated, subequal; epimera 5 with or without a barely marked tubercle, lateral profile squarish. Pereonite 6 with two rows of tubercles, often with some small isolated tubercles among them, the caudal one with 11–13 tubercles; lateralmost tubercles usually elongated, subequal; epimera 6 with one or two barely marked tubercles, lateral profile squarish. Pereonite 7 with two rows of tubercles, with or without some small isolated tubercles among them, the caudal one with 11 or 12 tubercles, those in the middle smaller than lateral ones; lateralmost tubercles elongated, the anterior ones longer than the posterior; epimera 7 with one or two barely marked tubercles, lateral profile squarish. Pleonites 1 and 2 with one row of eight round, medium-sized tubercles. Pleonite 3 with one row of ten tubercles. Pleonite 4 with one row of eight to 11 tubercles. Pleonite 5 with one row of six tubercles, subequal (Fig. 7C). Neopleura 3 and 4 with one barely marked tubercle; neopleura 5 with no tubercles. Telson (Fig. 7C) triangular, with broadly rounded apex; surface almost flat, with two paramedian medium-sized tubercles. Antennula three-segmented: first article broadest, second article shortest, and third article with subapical aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 12C) with fifth article of peduncle slightly longer than flagellum; second flagellar article 2.3–2.4 times as long as first, bearing up to five rows of one to three aesthetascs. Male: Pereopod 1 (Fig. 12A) merus and carpus armed with irregular lines of long, strong, spiniform setae along sternal margin, three to five long spiniform setae scattered in distal half of sternal margin of propodus. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 12B) with no distinct sexual modifications; ischium with straight to slightly concave sternal margin. Sternal margin of carpus and propodus armed with long, strong, spiniform setae, present in merus only in its distal end. Pleopod 1 exopod (Fig. 12E) with internal half ~2.2 times as long as external half, with concave proximal and distal margins; distal and proximal ends of inner half broadly rounded, bearing a single seta in distal margin; endopod (Fig. 12F) 2.3 times as long as exopod; outer lobe with almost straight margin; distal portion ending in a narrow apex, with no differentiated structures. Pleopod 2 exopod (Fig. 12G) long, with deeply concave outer/ distal margin bearing long setae and slightly convex proximal margin; endopod (Fig. 12H) ~1.3 times as long as exopod; narrow, particularly in its distal half. Pleopod 3 and 4 exopods (Fig. 12I) with concave distal margins, straight in 5 (Fig. 12J, K), all of them bearing setae. Remarks: The only known population was located under a stone, half-buried by soil and leaf litter and hosting an ant colony, in an open forest of Quercus pyrenaica Willd. Regrettably, no ants were collected; hence, their identity is unknown.

CRISTARMADILLIDIUM MURICATUM (BUDDE- LUND, 1885) (FIGS 1D, 5E, 6E) Armadillidium muricatum Budde-Lund, 1885: 297. Armadillidium (Cristarmadillidium) muricatum Budde-Lund, 1885; Arcangeli, 1935: 172. Cristarmadillidium muricatum (Budde-Lund, 1885); Vandel, 1954: 62. Material examined: Two males and two females (MNCN 20.04 /14380- MNCN 20.04 /14383), Spain, Islas Baleares, Ibiza, Santa Gertrudis de Fruitera, 38°58′34″N, 1°26′45″E, 3 June 2011. – Four males and three females (MNCN 20.04 /14384- MNCN 20.04 /14390), Spain, Comunidad Valenciana, Alicante Province, Denia, La Xara, Punta de Benimaquia Cave, 38°49′55″N, 0°01′39″W, 18 February 2016. Remarks: Genetic differentiation between populations from the Iberian Peninsula (Alicante Province) and Ibiza Island is low, with a mean uncorrected p -distance of 0.6% in Cox1 and identical sequences in all the analysed nuclear markers. This evidence, together with the broad geographical range in the Iberian Peninsula, from at least Cartagena (Murcia) in the south to Carcagente (Valencia) in the north (Schmölzer, 1971), suggests that the origin of the insular populations in Ibiza is recent. The latest terrestrial connection between the Iberian Peninsula and Ibiza dates from the Messinian (Bover et al., 2008; Mas et al., 2018); therefore, colonization of the island must have occurred by overseas rafting dispersal or associated with human activity, which has been documented for other organisms present in this archipelago (e.g. Gómez & Espadaler, 2006; Podda et al., 2011; Santos et al., 2015). Cristarmadillidium muricatum is a troglophilic species, with most known populations inhabiting karstic caves, but it is also present in limestone soils not associated with caves, as in the case of the studied population from Ibiza., Published as part of Recuero, Ernesto, Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C. & García-París, Mario, 2022, Homoplasy and morphological stasis revealed through multilocus phylogeny of new myrmecophilous species in Armadillidiidae (Isopoda: Oniscidea), pp. 1312-1340 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1319, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab066, http://zenodo.org/record/6459236, {"references":["Budde-Lund G. 1885. Crustacea Isopoda terrestria per familias et genera et species descripta. Copenhagen: Nielsen, Lydiche.","Arcangeli A. 1935. Isopodi terrestri di caverne della Spagna (Collezione del Museo di Storia Naturale di Madrid). Eos, Revista Espanola de Entomologia 10: 171 - 195.","Schmolzer K. 1971. Die Landisopoden der Iberischen Halbinsel. Monografias de Ciencia Moderna 80: 1 - 161.","Bover P, Quintana J, Alcover JA. 2008. Three islands, three worlds: paleogeography and evolution of the vertebrate fauna from the Balearic Islands. Quaternary International 182: 135 - 144.","Mas G, Maillard A, Alcover JA, Fornos JJ, Bover P, Torres-Roig E. 2018. Terrestrial colonization of the Balearic Islands: new evidence for the Mediterranean sea-level drawdown during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Geology 46: 527 - 530.","Gomez K, Espadaler X. 2006. Exotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Balearic Islands. Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8: 225 - 233.","Podda L, Fraga i Arguimbau P, Mascia F, Mayoral Garcia-Berlanga O, Bacchetta G. 2011. Comparison of the invasive alien flora in continental islands: Sardinia (Italy) and Balearic Islands (Spain). Rendiconti Lincei 22: 31 - 45.","Santos X, Ayllon E, Arribas O, Bertolero A, Bosch J, Cabido C, Carranza S, Carretero MA, Diaz-Paniagua C, Egea-Serrano A, Garin-Barrio I, Gimenez A, Gosa A, Gracia E, Guicking D, Llorente GA, Martinez-Solano I, Mateo JA, Montori A, Palomar G, Perera A, Pinya S, Pretus JL, Pujol-Buxo E, Rato C, Recuero E, Sanz- Azkue I, Silva-Rocha I, Vasconcelos R, Velo-Anton G, Voros J, Pleguezuelos JM. 2015. Sintesis de las introducciones de anfibios y reptiles en Espana. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola 26: 98 - 108."]}

[En] The Mexican millipede Euryurus flavocarinatus Daday, 1889, has remained as incertae sedis for over a century. Examination of the holotype shows that the species belongs to Amplinus, a genus of the large polydesmidan family Aphelidesmidae. Here, we present a full redescription of the holotype of Amplinus flavocarinatus (Daday, 1889) comb. nov. On the other hand, Euryurus flavocarinatus Silvestri, 1899 (currently included in the genus Pycnotropis) is a junior primary homonym of E. flavocarinatus Daday, 1889 and, to solve this issue, the name Pycnotropis silvestrii Recuero & Aguado-Aranda new name is proposed to replace Silvestri’s name., [ES] El milpiés mexicano Euryurus flavocarinatus Daday, 1889, ha permanecido como incertae sedis por más de un siglo. El examen del holotipo demuestra que la especie pertenece al género Amplinus dentro de la amplia familia Aphelidesmidae, orden Polydesmida. En el presente trabajo presentamos una redescripción completa del holotipo de Amplinus flavocarinatus (Daday, 1889) comb. nov. Por otro lado, Euryurus flavocarinatus Silvestri, 1899 (actualmente cosiderada dentro del género Pycnotropis) es un homónimo primario más reciente de E. flavocarinatus Daday, 1889, por lo que proponemos el nombre Pycnotropis silvestrii Recuero & Aguado-Aranda nom. nov. para sustituir el nombre de Silvestri y resolver la homonimia.

Este artículo contiene 4 páginas, 1 figura., [EN]The firefly species Photinus immigrans is currently known only from the Iberian Peninsula, although it is likely an introduced species that originated from somewhere in North America. Its last larval stage is here newly recorded and illustrated. The larvae can be easily distinguished from the larvae of Iberian native species by having several longitudinal light brown to reddish stripes on each segment on a black to dark brown background. They were found living in the soil, in the upper 10–15 cm. P. immigrans lives in sympatry with at least three other native lampyrid species: Lampyris iberica, Nyctophila reichii and Lamprohiza mulsantii, although it was not observed in strict syntopy, at least during larval phases, in our surveys. Larvae of Photinus immigrans probably use at least partly different alimentary resources, and adult communication signals are different to those of native species living in sympatry, although a detailed study of interspecific competition and the potential effect of the species on the native fireflies is pending.[ES]Sobre la larva de la luciérnaga ibérica endémica Photinus immigrans Zaragoza-Caballero & Viñolas, 2018 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) La luciérnaga Photinus immigrans se conoce únicamente en la península ibérica, aunque probablemente es una especie originaria de Norteamérica. En esta nota presentamos el primer registro e ilustración de su larva. Ésta puede ser fácilmente identificada gracias a su patrón de coloración, formado en cada segmento por varias líneas longitudinales marrón claro o rojizas sobre fondo negro o marrón oscuro. Se han encontrado viviendo enterradas en capas superficiales del suelo, hasta 10–15 cm de profundidad. P. immigrans vive en simpatría con al menos otras tres especies de luciérnaga nativas de la península ibérica: Lampyris iberica, Nyctophila reichii and Lamprohiza mulsantii, aunque aparentemente no hay sintopía estricta al menos durante las fases larvarias. Las larvas de P. immigrans probablemente utilizan recursos tróficos parcialmente diferentes a los de las especies nativas, y su señalización luminosa es también muy diferente a aquellas de otras especies simpátricas, aunque es necesario un estudio en profundidad sobre competencia interespecífica y el posible efecto de esta especie exótica sobre las luciérnagas nativas