42 results on '"Rectum -- Cancer"'
Search Results
2. Screen time
- Author
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Parry, Susan
- Published
- 2022
3. Early-onset colorectal cancer : never too young
- Author
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Waddell, Oliver, Keenan, Jacqueline, and Frizelle, Frank
- Published
- 2022
4. Bowel cancer screening age range extension for Māori : what is all the fuss about?
- Author
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McLeod, Melissa (Public health physician)
- Published
- 2021
5. Overall and stage-specific survival of patients with screen-detected colorectal cancer in European countries: A population-based study in 9 countries
- Author
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Rafael Cardoso, Feng Guo, Thomas Heisser, Harlinde De Schutter, Nancy Van Damme, Mef Christina Nilbert, Jane Christensen, Anne-Marie Bouvier, Véronique Bouvier, Guy Launoy, Anne-Sophie Woronoff, Mélanie Cariou, Michel Robaszkiewicz, Patricia Delafosse, Florence Poncet, Paul M. Walsh, Carlo Senore, Stefano Rosso, Valery E.P.P. Lemmens, Marloes A.G. Elferink, Sonja Tomšič, Tina Žagar, Arantza Lopez de Munain Marques, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Montse Puigdemont, Jaume Galceran, Marià Carulla, Antonia Sánchez-Gil, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Michael Hoffmeister, Hermann Brenner, and Public Health
- Subjects
Europe ,Rectum -- Cancer ,Oncology ,Càncer -- Estadístiques ,Survival ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Cancer -- Statistics ,Health Policy ,Screening ,Internal Medicine ,Recte -- Càncer ,Colorectal cancer ,Supervivència - Abstract
Background An increasing proportion of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are detected through screening due to the availability of organised population-based programmes. We aimed to analyse survival probabilities of patients with screen-detected CRC in European countries. Methods Data from CRC patients were obtained from 16 population-based cancer registries in nine European countries. We included patients with cancer diagnosed from the year organised CRC screening programmes were introduced until the most recent year with available data at the time of analysis, whose ages at diagnosis fell into the age groups targeted by screening. Patients were followed up with regards to vital status until 2016-2020 across the various countries. Overall and CRC-specific survival were analysed by mode of detection and stage at diagnosis for all countries combined and for each country separately using the Kaplan-Meier method. Findings We included data from 228 134 patients, of whom 134 597 (aged 60-69 years at diagnosis targeted by screening in all countries) were considered in analyses for all countries combined. 22·3% (38 080/134 597) of patients had cancer detected through screening. Most screen-detected cancers were found at stages I-II (65·6% [12 772/19 469 included in stage-specific analyses]), while the majority of non-screen-detected cancers were found at stages III-IV (56·4% [31 882/56 543 included in stage-specific analyses]). Five-year overall and CRC-specific survival rates for patients with screen-detected cancer were 83·4% (95% CI 82·9-83·9) and 89·2% (88·8-89·7), respectively; for patients with non-screen-detected cancer, they were much lower (57·5% [57·2-57·8] and 65·7% [65·4-66·1], respectively). The favourable survival of patients with screen-detected cancer was also seen within each stage – five-year overall survival rates for patients with screen-detected stage I, II, III, and IV cancers were 92.4% (95% CI 91·6-93·1), 87·9% (86·6-89·1), 80·7% (79·3-82·0), and 32·3 (29·4-35·2), respectively. These patterns were also consistently seen for each individual country. Interpretation Patients with cancer diagnosed at screening have a very favourable prognosis. In the rare case of detection of advanced stage cancer, survival probabilities are still much higher than those commonly reported for all patients regardless of mode of detection. Although these results cannot be taken to quantify screening effects, they provide useful and encouraging information for patients with screen-detected CRC and their physicians. Funding This study was supported in part by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the German Cancer Aid
- Published
- 2022
6. Disease recurrence following surgery for colorectal cancer : five-year follow-up
- Author
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Gunawardene, Ashok
- Published
- 2018
7. Natural orifice versus transabdominal specimen extraction in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: meta-analysis
- Author
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Svetlana Doris Brincat, Josef Lauri, and Charles Cini
- Subjects
Rectum -- Cancer ,Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery ,Margins of Excision ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer ,General Medicine ,Laparoscopic surgery ,Meta-analysis ,Postoperative Complications ,Treatment Outcome ,Medicine -- Research -- Evaluation ,Humans ,Laparoscopy ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Background: Natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) is a technique that involves collecting a specimen for extraction through a natural opening avoiding a mini-laparotomy incision. The aim of this study was to compare NOSE and transabdominal specimen extraction in laparoscopic (LAP) colorectal cancer surgery for postoperative outcomes and oncological safety., Method: A systematic search was conducted in five electronic databases from inception till October 2020. Articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria (studies comparing LAP and NOSE colorectal surgeries reporting at least one of the outcomes) and analysed. Primary outcomes included postoperative complications, pathological results (resection margins and lymph node collection), and oncological outcomes. Secondary outcomes included operating time, blood losses, use of analgesics, functional recovery, duration of hospital stay, and cosmetic results. Fixed and random-effect models were used to measure the pooled estimates., Results: Nineteen studies involving a total of 3432 participants were analysed (3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 16 retrospective non-randomized studies). Pooled results showed significantly reduced postoperative complications (OR 0.54; 95 per cent c.i. 0.44 to 0.67; P , 0.00001). Pathological outcomes of NOSE were comparable to LAP with no significant difference noted in terms of resection margins (P . 0.05) and lymph node collection (weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.47; 95 per cent c.i. −0.94 to 0; P = 0.05). Pooled analysis demonstrated comparable long-term outcomes in terms of cancer recurrence (OR 0.94; 95 per cent c.i. 0.63 to 1.39; P = 0.75), 5-year disease-free survival (HR 0.97; 95 per cent c.i. 0.73 to 1.29; P = 0.83), and overall survival (HR 0.93, 95 per cent c.i. 0.58 to −1.51; P = 0.78). Finally, the NOSE group had decreased use of additional analgesia after surgery and earlier resumption of oral intake when compared with LAP (respectively OR 0.28; 95 per cent c.i. 0.20 to 0.37; P , 0.00001 and WMD −0.35; 95 per cent c.i. −0.54 to −0.15; P = 0.0005)., Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that in comparison with LAP, NOSE decreases severe postoperative morbidity while improving postoperative recovery without compromising oncological safety, but it is limited by the small number of RCTs performed in this field., peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2022
8. Bayesian variable selection and survival modeling: assessing the Most important comorbidities that impact lung and colorectal cancer survival in Spain
- Author
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Daniel Redondo-Sanchez, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Danilo Alvares, María José Sánchez, Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez, and Francisco J. Rubio
- Subjects
Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Colorectal cancer ,Epidemiology ,Health Informatics ,Comorbidity ,Lungs -- Cancer ,Comorbidities ,Comorbiditat ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Pulmons -- Càncer ,Marginal effects ,Lung ,Conditional effects ,Rectum -- Cancer ,Bayesian variable selection ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Bayes Theorem ,medicine.disease ,Cancer survival ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spain ,Survival modeling ,Recte -- Càncer ,business ,Colorectal Neoplasms - Abstract
Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez is supported by a Miguel Servet I Investigator award (Grant CP17/00206) and a project grant EU-FEDER-FIS PI-18/01593 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Danilo Alvares is supported by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT, Chile) grant number 11190018., Cancer survival represents one of the main indicators of interest in cancer epidemiology. However, the survival of cancer patients can be affected by several factors, such as comorbidities, that may interact with the cancer biology. Moreover, it is interesting to understand how different cancer sites and tumour stages are affected by different comorbidities. Identifying the comorbidities that affect cancer survival is thus of interest as it can be used to identify factors driving the survival of cancer patients. This information can also be used to identify vulnerable groups of patients with comorbidities that may lead to worst prognosis of cancer. We address these questions and propose a principled selection and evaluation of the effect of comorbidities on the overall survival of cancer patients. In the first step, we apply a Bayesian variable selection method that can be used to identify the comorbidities that predict overall survival. In the second step, we build a general Bayesian survival model that accounts for time-varying effects. In the third step, we derive several posterior predictive measures to quantify the effect of individual comorbidities on the population overall survival. We present applications to data on lung and colorectal cancers from two Spanish population-based cancer registries. The proposed methodology is implemented with a combination of the R-packages mombf and rstan. We provide the code for reproducibility at https://github.com/migariane/ BayesVarImpComorbiCancer., Miguel Servet I Investigator award CP17/00206 EU-FEDER-FIS PI-18/01593, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 11190018
- Published
- 2022
9. Prevalence, Abundance, and Virulence of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli in Ulcerative Colitis, Colorectal Cancer, and Coeliac Disease
- Author
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Mireia López-Siles, Carla Camprubí-Font, Eva M. Gómez del Pulgar, Miriam Sabat Mir, David Busquets, Yolanda Sanz, Margarita Martinez-Medina, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Espanya), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Espanya)
- Subjects
Rectum -- Cancer ,Crohn’s disease ,Coeliac disease ,Infeccions per escheríchia coli ,fungi ,Immunology ,Intestins -- Malalties ,Escherichia coli infections ,Colorectal cancer ,Intestins -- Malalties -- Aspectes genètics ,digestive system diseases ,Intestines -- Diseases -- Genetic aspects ,Ulcerative colitis ,Immunology and Allergy ,Intestines -- Diseases ,Recte -- Càncer ,Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli - Abstract
Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) has largely been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). E. coli strains with similar genetic backgrounds and virulence genes profiles have been associated with other intestinal disorders, such as ulcerative colitis (UC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and coeliac disease (CeD), but the role of AIEC in these diseases remains unexplored. We aimed to assess the distribution, abundance, and pathogenic features of AIEC in UC, CRC, and CeD., This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through projects SAF2010-15896, SAF2013-43284-P, and SAF2107-82261-P (MINECO/AEI/FEDER/UE) and the grant AGL2017-88801-P from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, Spain). MLS is a Serra Húnter Fellow., SAF2010-15896, SAF2013-43284-P, and SAF2107-82261-P (MINECO/AEI/FEDER/UE) and the grant AGL2017-88801-P
- Published
- 2022
10. Prognostic significance of the microbiome–adipose tissue axis in rectal cancer: protocol of a prospective observational study
- Author
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Pere Planellas, Lídia Cornejo, Ramon Farrés, Anna Pigem, Ander Timoteo, Nuria Ortega, Gianluca Pellino, José-Ignacio Rodríguez-Hermosa, Eugeni López-Bonet, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Antoni Codina-Cazador, Institut Català de la Salut, [Planellas P, Farrés R] Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain. Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain. Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain. [Cornejo L] Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain. [Pigem A, Timoteo A, Ortega N] Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain. Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain. [Pellino G] Unitat de Cirurgia de Còlon i Recte, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Planellas, Pere, Cornejo, Lídia, Farrés, Ramon, Pigem, Anna, Timoteo, Ander, Ortega, Nuria, Pellino, Gianluca, Rodríguez-Hermosa, José-Ignacio, López-Bonet, Eugeni, Fernández-Real, José Manuel, and Codina-Cazador, Antoni
- Subjects
Rectum -- Cancer ,Prognosi ,Rectal Neoplasms ,Microbiota ,Recte - Càncer - Prognosi ,General Medicine ,Prognosis ,Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Digestive System Neoplasms::Gastrointestinal Neoplasms::Intestinal Neoplasms::Colorectal Neoplasms::Rectal Neoplasms [DISEASES] ,neoplasias::neoplasias por localización::neoplasias del sistema digestivo::neoplasias gastrointestinales::neoplasias intestinales::neoplasias colorrectales::neoplasias del recto [ENFERMEDADES] ,Prospective Studie ,Teixit adipós ,Observational Studies as Topic ,Adipose Tissue ,Humans ,Intestins - Microbiologia ,Prospective Studies ,Recte -- Càncer ,Human - Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second-leading oncological cause of death worldwide1. Despite advances in treatment, there is still a risk of local and distant recurrence, which impacts on long-term outcomes This study was awarded a grant by the ‘Asociación Española de Coloproctolgía’ and ‘Col·legi Oficial de Metges de Girona—Joan Bruguera Grant’ in 2021.
- Published
- 2022
11. Multimorbidity and short-term overall mortality among colorectal cancer patients in Spain: A population-based cohort study
- Author
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Shing F. Lee, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Daniel Redondo-Sanchez, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Mª Carme Carmona-Garcia, Elena Salamanca-Fernández, Karen dos Santos Gonçalves, María José Sánchez, and Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Colorectal cancer ,Comorbidity ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Cause of Death ,Epidemiology of cancer ,Prevalence ,Cumulative incidence ,Registries ,Cancer ,Rectum -- Cancer ,Aged, 80 and over ,Incidence ,Hazard ratio ,Middle Aged ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rectum ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cancer epidemiology ,Comorbiditat ,Rheumatic Diseases ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,Heart Failure ,business.industry ,Multimorbidity ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,030104 developmental biology ,Spain ,Recte -- Càncer ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background Numerous studies have analysed the effect of comorbidity on cancer outcomes, but evidence on the association between multimorbidity and short-term mortality among colorectal cancer patients is limited. We aimed to assess this association and the most frequent patterns of multimorbidity associated with a higher short-term mortality risk among colorectal cancer patients in Spain. Methods Data were obtained from two Spanish population-based cancer registries and electronic health records. We estimated the unadjusted cumulative incidence of death by comorbidity status at 6 months and 1 year. We used a flexible parametric model to derive the excess mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for multimorbidity after adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, cancer stage and treatment. We estimated the adjusted cumulative incidence of death by comorbidity status and identified multimorbidity patterns. Results Among the study participants, 1,048 cases were diagnosed with cancers of the colon and rectum, 2 cases with cancer of the anus with overlapping sites of the rectum and 11 cases with anal adenocarcinomas but treated as colorectal cancer patients. Among 1,061 colorectal cancer patients, 171 (16.2%) died before 6 months, 246 (23.3%) died before the 1-year follow-up, and 324 (30.5%) had multimorbidity. Patients with multimorbidity had two times higher mortality risk than those without comorbidities at 6 months (adjusted HR: 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–3.20, p = 0.002). The most frequent multimorbidity pattern was congestive heart failure + diabetes. However, patients with rheumatologic disease + diabetes had two times higher 1-year mortality risk than those without comorbidities (HR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.23–4.07, p = 0.008). Conclusions Multimorbidity was a strong independent predictor of short-term mortality at 6 months and 1 year among the colorectal cancer patients in Spain. The identified multimorbidity pattern was consistent. Our findings might help identify patients at a higher risk for poor cancer and treatment outcomes M.A.L.F. received support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (grant/award no. CP17/ 00206-EU-FEDER), and M.J.S. received support from the Andalusian Department of Health (grant no. PI0152/2017)
- Published
- 2020
12. Copy Number Variations as Determinants of Colorectal Tumor Progression in Liquid Biopsies
- Author
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Jessica Debattista, Laura Grech, Christian Scerri, and Godfrey Grech
- Subjects
Rectum -- Cancer ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Biopsy ,Organic Chemistry ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer ,General Medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Over the years, increasing evidence has shown that copy number variations (CNVs) play an important role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Colorectal adenomas are highly prevalent lesions, but only 5% of these adenomas ever progress to carcinoma. This review summarizes the different CNVs associated with adenoma-carcinoma CRC progression and with CRC staging. Characterization of CNVs in circulating free-RNA and in blood-derived exosomes augers well with the potential of using such assays for patient management and early detection of metastasis. To overcome the limitations related to tissue biopsies and tumor heterogeneity, using CNVs to characterize tumor-derived materials in biofluids provides less invasive sampling methods and a sample that collectively represents multiple tumor sites in heterogeneous samples. Liquid biopsies provide a source of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), tumor-derived exosomes (TDE), circulating free RNA, and non-coding RNA. This review provides an overview of the current diagnostic and predictive models from liquid biopsies., peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2023
13. Overview of microRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for colorectal cancer sub-type profiling and chemoresistance
- Author
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Joseph Borg, Alfred Buhagiar, Elisa Seria, Duncan Ayers, and Miriana Borg
- Subjects
Rectum -- Cancer ,Colorectal cancer ,business.industry ,Biopsy ,MicroRNA ,medicine.disease ,microRNA ,Cancer research ,medicine ,Profiling (information science) ,Liquid biopsy ,Biochemical markers -- Diagnostic use ,business ,Cancer - Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. It has also been demonstrated that over the last ten years the incidence of CRC among younger people below the age of 50 is also increasing. Screening for colorectal cancer is of utmost importance; the rationale behind screening is to target the malignancy and reduce the incidence and mortality of the disease. Diagnostic methods to screen for incidence or relapse are therefore a requisite to detect cancer as early as possible. Scientific findings demonstrate that many deaths are due to lack of screening and therefore early identification will lead to greater survivability. In colorectal cancer, diagnostic tests include liquid biopsy biomarkers. Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), many studies have demonstrated the relationship between miRNAs and the various sub-types of CRC. Several miRNAs have been identified after analysing serum or plasma samples in patients, and such miRNAs were found to be significantly dysregulated. Such findings place the possibility of miRNAs to be at the epicentre of novel diagnostic techniques for CRC identification and sub-type stratification, including other characteristics associated with CRC development such as patient prognosis. The following review serves to underline the latest findings for miRNAs with such potential for routine diagnostic employment in CRC diagnostics and treatments., peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2021
14. The mechanistic roles of ncRNAs in promoting and supporting chemoresistance of colorectal cancer
- Author
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Isaac Micallef and Byron Baron
- Subjects
lcsh:QH426-470 ,Colorectal cancer ,lncRNAs ,cisplatin ,ATP-binding cassette transporter ,colorectal cancer ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer ,Review ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,doxorubicin ,microRNA ,Genetics ,medicine ,5-fluorouracil ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Cancer -- Chemotherapy ,Non-coding RNA ,Molecular Biology ,Cisplatin ,Rectum -- Cancer ,Treatment regimen ,oxaliplatin ,chemoresistance ,ncRNAs ,MicroRNA ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Oxaliplatin ,lcsh:Genetics ,Doxorubicin ,miRNAs ,Cancer research ,Fluorouracil ,circRNAs ,medicine.drug ,RNA -- Biotechnology - Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies which has quite a high mortality rate. Despite the advances made in CRC treatment, effective therapy is still quite challenging, particularly due to resistance arising throughout the treatment regimen. Several studies have been carried out to identify CRC chemoresistance mechanisms, with research showing different signalling pathways, certain ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), among others to be responsible for the failure of CRC chemotherapies. In the last decade, it has become increasingly evident that certain non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families are involved in chemoresistance. Research investigations have demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute towards promoting resistance in CRC via different mechanisms. Considering the currently available data on this phenomenon, a better understanding of how these ncRNAs participate in chemoresistance can lead to suitable solutions to overcome this problem in CRC. This review will first focus on discussing the different mechanisms of CRC resistance identified so far. The focus will then shift onto the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in promoting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OXA), cisplatin and doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in CRC, specifically using ncRNAs which have been recently identified and validated under in vivo or in vitro conditions., peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2021
15. Improving quality of care and clinical outcomes for rectal cancer through clinical audits in a multicentre cancer care organisation
- Author
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A. Eraso, M. Puigdemont, A. Vidal, M. Macia, Elena González-Muñoz, Maria Glòria Torras, C. Muñoz-Montplet, Ferran Guedea, Josep M. Borràs, D. Jurado, Monica Caro, E. Canals, Jaume Molero, A. López, and Salvador Villà
- Subjects
Clinical audit ,Male ,Quality management ,Colorectal cancer ,medicine.medical_treatment ,0302 clinical medicine ,Radiotherapy process ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Neoadjuvant therapy ,Rectum -- Cancer ,Aged, 80 and over ,Intestines -- Cancer ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Middle Aged ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Prognosis ,Quality Improvement ,Neoadjuvant Therapy ,Survival Rate ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,lcsh:Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:R895-920 ,Improvement Quality process ,Radioteràpia ,Audit ,Adenocarcinoma ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Clinical practice variability ,Rectal Cancer ,03 medical and health sciences ,Càncer colorectal ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Aged ,Radiotherapy ,business.industry ,Rectal Neoplasms ,Research ,Cancer ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,Radiation therapy ,Emergency medicine ,Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ,Intestins -- Càncer ,Recte -- Càncer ,business ,Delivery of Health Care - Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer treatment requires a complex, multidisciplinary approach. Because of the potential variability, monitoring through clinical audits is advisable. This study assesses the effects of a quality improvement action plan in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and treated with radiotherapy. Methods Comparative, multicentre study in two cohorts of 120 patients each, selected randomly from patients diagnosed with rectal cancer who had initiated radiotherapy with a curative intent. Based on the results from a baseline clinical audit in 2013, a quality improvement action plan was designed and implemented; a second audit in 2017 evaluated its impact. Results Standardised information was present on 77.5% of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staging reports. Treatment strategies were similar in all three study centres. Of the patients whose treatment was interrupted, just 9.7% received a compensation dose. There was an increase in MRI re-staging from 32.5 to 61.5%, and a significant decrease in unreported circumferential resection margins following neoadjuvant therapy (ypCRM), from 34.5 to 5.6% (p Conclusions The comparison between two clinical audits showed improvements in neoadjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. Some indicators reveal areas in need of additional efforts, for example to reduce the overall treatment time.
- Published
- 2020
16. New fecal bacterial signature for colorectal cancer screening reduces the fecal immunochemical test false-positive rate in a screening population
- Author
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J O Miquel-Cusachs, Antoni Castells, Xavier Queralt-Moles, Anna Bahí, Lia Oliver, Pau Gilabert, Jordi Guardiola, Virginia Piñol, Manel Ramirez, L. Jesús Garcia-Gil, Joan Saló, Xavier Aldeguer, Mariona Serra-Pagès, Marta Serrano, Joan Amoedo, Marta Malagón, and Sara Ramió-Pujol
- Subjects
Male ,Oncology ,Colorectal cancer ,Colonoscopy ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Screen test ,Biochemistry ,Cohort Studies ,Feces ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Mass Screening ,Early Detection of Cancer ,Rectum -- Cancer ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Immunochemistry ,Middle Aged ,Adenomas ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Intestins -- Microbiologia ,Medical Microbiology ,Occult Blood ,Cohort ,Medicine ,Female ,Pathogens ,medicine.symptom ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Algorithms ,Research Article ,Cohort study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Science ,Population ,Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures ,Intestines -- Microbiology ,Microbiology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Asymptomatic ,Digestive System Procedures ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Càncer colorectal ,Internal medicine ,Cancer Detection and Diagnosis ,medicine ,Humans ,False Positive Reactions ,education ,Microbial Pathogens ,neoplasms ,Aged ,Colorectal Cancer ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Organisms ,Cancers and Neoplasms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Colonoscòpia ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Immunoquímica ,Spain ,Lesions ,False positive rate ,Clinical Medicine ,Recte -- Càncer ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Guidelines recommend routine screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in asymptomatic adults starting at age 50. The most extensively used noninvasive test for CRC screening is the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), which has an overall sensitivity for CRC of approximately 61.0%-91.0%, which drops to 27.0%-67.0% for advanced adenomas. These figures contain a high false-positive rate and a low positive predictive value. This work aimed to develop a new, noninvasive CRC screening tool based on fecal bacterial markers capable of decreasing FIT false-positive rates in a FIT-positive population. We defined a fecal bacterial signature (RAID-CRC Screen) in a proof-of-concept with 172 FIT-positive individuals and validated the obtained results on an external cohort of 327 FIT-positive subjects. All study participants had joined the national CRC screening program. In the clinical validation of RAID-CRC Screen, a sensitivity of 83.9% and a specificity of 16.3% were obtained for the detection of advanced neoplasm lesions (advanced adenomas and/or CRC). FIT 20 μg/g produced 184 false-positive results. Using RAID-CRC Screen, this value was reduced to 154, thus reducing the false-positive rate by 16.3%. The RAID-CRC Screen test could be implemented in CRC screening programs to allow a significant reduction in the number of colonoscopies performed unnecessarily for FIT-positive participants of CRC screening programs JGG, XA, MSP, MS SRP, JA, LO, MM are employees from GoodGut, a company that has received private and public funding: RTC-2016-5017-1 (Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (MINECO)); SNEO-20151529 (Neotec)
- Published
- 2020
17. Anorectal melanoma : not a haemorrhoid
- Author
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Turner, Greg
- Published
- 2014
18. Rectal cancer : future directions and priorities for treatment, research and policy in New Zealand
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Jackson, Christopher
- Published
- 2014
19. Bowel cancer : a personal experience
- Author
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Cooney, Trisha
- Published
- 2014
20. Pathological reporting of malignant colorectal polyps
- Author
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Gillespie, Chris, Merrie, Arend, and Bissett, Ian P.
- Published
- 2013
21. Continued progress with stage III colorectal cancer - a triple cohort study
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Lim, Michael
- Published
- 2013
22. Anal cancer growing issue for gay men
- Author
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Murphy, Sarah
- Published
- 2013
23. Chinese peoples' perceptions of colorectal cancer screening : a New Zealand perspective
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Bong, Genevieve and McCool, Judith
- Published
- 2011
24. A large tricuspid valve mass associated with rectal carcinoma
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Nadarasa, Kugathasan
- Published
- 2011
25. Fibre in the loop
- Author
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Bowden, Jennifer
- Published
- 2011
26. The prevalence of colorectal adenomas in Maori and New Zealand Europeans parallels colorectal cancer rates
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Dickson, Graeme, Cunningham, Chris W., and Parry, Susan
- Published
- 2010
27. NTHL1 biallelic mutations seldom cause colorectal cancer, serrated polyposis or a multi-tumor phenotype, in absence of colorectal adenomas
- Author
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M. Henar Alonso, Pau M. Munoz-Torres, Isabel Quintana, Virginia Piñol, Conxi Lázaro, Matilde Navarro, Pilar Mur, Victor Moreno, Sami Belhadj, Gabriel Capellá, Laura Valle, Mariona Terradas, and Joan Brunet
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Biallelic Mutation ,Male ,Colorectal cancer ,Polyps (Pathology) ,lcsh:Medicine ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,0302 clinical medicine ,Family history ,Pòlips (Patologia) ,lcsh:Science ,Cancer genetics ,Aged, 80 and over ,Rectum -- Cancer ,Mutation ,Multidisciplinary ,Middle Aged ,Pedigree ,Phenotype ,Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ,Female ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Adenoma ,Adult ,Article ,Meningioma ,03 medical and health sciences ,Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer) ,Càncer colorectal ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genetic Testing ,Allele ,Alleles ,Aged ,Tumors ,Genetic counselling ,business.industry ,Mutació (Biologia) ,lcsh:R ,Cancer ,Mutation (Biology) ,medicine.disease ,Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ,digestive system diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Cancer research ,lcsh:Q ,Recte -- Càncer ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The cancer-predisposing syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in NTHL1 may not be a solely colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyposis syndrome but rather a multi-tumor recessive disease. The presence of ≤10 adenomas in several mutation carriers suggests a possible causal role of NTHL1 in hereditary or early-onset nonpolyposis CRC. The involvement of NTHL1 in serrated/hyperplastic polyposis remains unexplored. The aim of our study is to elucidate the role of NTHL1 in the predisposition to personal or familial history of multiple tumor types, familial/early-onset nonpolyposis CRC, and serrated polyposis. NTHL1 mutational screening was performed in 312 cancer patients with personal or family history of multiple tumor types, 488 with hereditary nonpolyposis CRC, and 96 with serrated/hyperplastic polyposis. While no biallelic mutation carriers were identified in patients with personal and/or family history of multiple tumor types or with serrated polyposis, one was identified among the 488 nonpolyposis CRC patients. The carrier of c.268C>T (p.Q90*) and 550-1G>A was diagnosed with CRC and meningioma at ages 37 and 45 respectively, being reclassified as attenuated adenomatous polyposis after the cumulative detection of 26 adenomas. Our findings suggest that biallelic mutations in NTHL1 rarely cause CRC, a personal/familial multi-tumor history, or serrated polyposis, in absence of adenomas Tis study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, co-funded by FEDER funds- a way to build Europe, [SAF2016-80888-R (LV), SAF2015-68016-R (GC), Formación de Personal Investigador (IQ)]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III [CIBERONC CB16/12/00234, PI16/00563 (CL), Sara Borrell postdoctoral contract (PM)], the Government of Catalonia [Department of Health PERIS SLT002/16/0037, SLT002/16/00164 “Acció instrumental d’incorporació de científcs i tecnòlegs” (MT)], AGAUR 2017SGR1282 and CERCA Program] and Fundación Olga Torres. Tis study has been enabled by COST Action CA17118
- Published
- 2019
28. Dietary inflammatory index, dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, and colorectal and breast cancer risk (MCC-Spain Study)
- Author
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Manolis Kogevinas, Rocío Olmedo-Requena, Pilar Amiano, Elisabet Guinó, Victor Moreno, Antonio J. Molina, Beatriz Pérez, Juan Alguacil, Macarena Lozano-Lorca, Mireia Obón-Santacana, Adonina Tardón, Mikel Azpiri, Dora Romaguera, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Leire Gil, Adela Castelló, James R. Hébert, Inés Gómez-Acebo, Esther Gracia-Lavedan, Amaia Molinuevo, Tania Fernández-Villa, Nitin Shivappa, María Ederra, Ana Molina-Barceló, Esther Molina-Montes, Nuria Aragonés, Marina Pollán, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Vicente Martín, Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos, José Mª Huerta, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Ferran Moratalla, Government of Catalonia (España), Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Acción Transversal del Cáncer (España), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Junta de Castilla y León (España), Regional Government of Andalusia (España), Generalitat Valenciana (España), Fundación La Caixa, Basque Government (España), Gobierno de la Región de Murcia (España), Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, Xarxa de Bancs de Tumors de Catalunya, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla, Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (España), and Universidad de Cantabria
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Epidemiology ,Colorectal cancer ,humanos ,neoplasias de la mama ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer ,Logistic regression ,oxidación-reducción ,Lungs -- Cancer ,Dietary inflammatory index ,Antioxidants ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Risk Factors ,NEAC ,evaluación de riesgos ,Medicine ,Pulmons -- Càncer ,Side effects ,Rectum -- Cancer ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,dieta ,food and beverages ,hemic and immune systems ,MCC-Spain ,Case-control study ,Prognosis ,Inflamació ,pronóstico ,Quartile ,Còlon -- Càncer ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Dieta ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Oxidation-Reduction ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,neoplasias colorrectales ,Population ,estudios de casos y controles ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Breast Neoplasms ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,Càncer de mama ,03 medical and health sciences ,Càncer colorectal ,Internal medicine ,inflamación ,antioxidantes ,Humans ,factores de riesgo ,Epidemiologia ,education ,Efectes secundaris ,Inflammation ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,Protective Factors ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Confidence interval ,Diet ,Spain ,Case-Control Studies ,sense organs ,Recte -- Càncer ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
Inflammation and antioxidant capacity have been associated with colorectal and breast cancer. We computed the dietary inflammatory index (DII®, ), and the total dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) and associated them with colorectal and breast cancer risk in the population-based multi case-control study in Spain (MCC-Spain). We included 1852 colorectal cancer and 1567 breast cancer cases, and 3447 and 1486 population controls, respectively. DII score and NEAC were derived using data from a semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for energy-adjusted DII (E-DII), and a score combining E-DII and NEAC. E-DII was associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR = 1.93, highest quartile versus lowest, 95%CI:1.60&ndash, 2.32, p-trend: <, 0.001), this increase was observed for both colon and rectal cancer. Less pronounced increased risks were observed for breast cancer (OR = 1.22, highest quartile versus lowest, 95%CI:0.99&ndash, 1.52, p-trend: >, 0.10). The combined score of high E-DII scores and low antioxidant values were associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR = 1.48, highest quartile versus lowest, 95%CI: 1.26&ndash, 1.74, 0.001), but not breast cancer. This study provides evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased colorectal cancer risk while findings for breast cancer were less consistent.
- Published
- 2019
29. Human recombinant arginase I (Co)-PRG5000 [HuArgl (Co)-PRG5000]- induced arginine depletion selectively inhibits colon cancer cell migration and invasion. (c2018)
- Author
-
Koussa, Houssam Khaled Al and Koussa, Houssam Khaled Al
- Abstract
Many arginine deprivation studies have been done on different cancer cell lines to understand the complete mechanisms of HuArgI(Co)-PEG5000. Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer worldwide, and it represents over half of all gastrointestinal cancer death. Therefore, the first purpose of this study is to examine the cytotoxic effect of HuArgI(Co)-PEG5000 on colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29, Caco-2, Sw837, Sw1116, SKco-1). The second aim is to investigate the effect of arginase depletion on colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2 metastatic and invasive abilities. This is achieved by performing cytotoxicity, 2D and 3D migration assays, western immunoblotting, immunostaining, and Förster Resonance energy transfer. Analysis of the results show that HuArgI(Co)-PEG5000 downregulates ASS1 and RhoA expression levels while it also downregulates cell migration, adhesion, and invasion in Caco-2 cell lines. However, L-citrulline can significantly restore arginine levels and hence counter the effect of HuArgI(Co)-PEG5000. Therefore, we can conclude that colorectal cancer is partial auxotrophic to arginine depletion and that arginine depletion plays an important role in regulating cancer cells motility and invasion.
- Published
- 2018
30. Adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines and Colorectal Cancer Survival: A Retrospective High-Resolution Population-Based Study in Spain
- Author
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Maria Carmen Carmona-Garcia, María José Sánchez, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Eloisa Bayo-Lozano, Dafina Petrova, Josep M. Borràs, Francisco Carrasco-Peña, and Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Subjects
Male ,Colorectal cancer ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,lcsh:Medicine ,High resolution ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,adherence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,cancer survival ,Rectum -- Cancer ,High-resolution study ,education.field_of_study ,Absolute risk reduction ,Clinical Practice ,Estudi de casos ,population-based study ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Guideline Adherence ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Clinical practice guidelines ,clinical practice guidelines ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,colorectal cancer ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Càncer colorectal ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,education ,Neoplasm Staging ,Retrospective Studies ,Population-based study ,high-resolution study ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Cancer survival ,Confidence interval ,Population based study ,Spain ,Adherence ,Case studies ,Recte -- Càncer ,business - Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Population-based, high-resolution studies are essential for the continuous evaluation and updating of diagnosis and treatment standards. This study aimed to assess adherence to clinical practice guidelines and investigate its relationship with survival. We conducted a retrospective high-resolution population-based study of 1050 incident CRC cases from the cancer registries of Granada and Girona, with a 5-year follow-up. We recorded clinical, diagnostic, and treatment-related information and assessed adherence to nine quality indicators of the relevant CRC guidelines. Overall adherence (on at least 75% of the indicators) significantly reduced the excess risk of death (RER) = 0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28&ndash, 0.45]. Analysis of the separate indicators showed that patients for whom complementary imaging tests were requested had better survival, RER = 0.58 [95% CI 0.46&ndash, 0.73], as did patients with stage III colon cancer who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, RER = 0.33, [95% CI 0.16&ndash, 0.70]. Adherence to clinical practice guidelines can reduce the excess risk of dying from CRC by 65% [95% CI 55&ndash, 72%]. Ordering complementary imagining tests that improve staging and treatment choice for all CRC patients and adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer patients could be especially important. In contrast, controlled delays in starting some treatments appear not to decrease survival.
- Published
- 2020
31. Synthetic lethal interaction of cetuximab with MEK1/2 inhibition in NRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer
- Author
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Anna Massaguer, Javier A. Menendez, Elisabet Cuyàs, Ramon Salazar, Joaquim Bosch-Barrera, Bernardo Queralt, Begoña Martin-Castillo, Rafael de Llorens, and Joan Brunet
- Subjects
Proteomics ,0301 basic medicine ,Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog ,Pathology ,Colorectal cancer ,MAP Kinase Kinase 2 ,MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ,Cetuximab ,Apoptosis ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cancer -- Treatment ,GTP Phosphohydrolases ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Protein kinases ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Phosphorylation ,Trametinib ,Rectum -- Cancer ,MEK1/2 ,Drug Synergism ,Binimetinib ,ErbB Receptors ,colon cancer ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,KRAS ,Càncer -- Tractament ,Growth inhibition ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Research Paper ,Signal Transduction ,medicine.drug ,Niacinamide ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Farmacologia ,Pyridones ,NRAS ,Pyrimidinones ,Transfection ,03 medical and health sciences ,Càncer colorectal ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,neoplasms ,Cell Proliferation ,Pharmacology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Mutació (Biologia) ,Membrane Proteins ,Mutation (Biology) ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Proteïnes quinases ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Mutation ,Selumetinib ,Cancer research ,Benzimidazoles ,Recte -- Càncer ,business - Abstract
KRAS mutations are an established predictor of lack of response to EGFR-targeted therapies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, little is known about the role of the rarer NRAS mutations as a mechanism of primary resistance to the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab in wild-type KRAS mCRC. Using isogenic mCRC cells with a heterozygous knock-in of the NRAS activating mutation Q61K, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which mutant NRAS blocks cetuximab from inhibiting mCRC growth. NRASQ61K/+ cells were refractory to cetuximab-induced growth inhibition. Pathway-oriented proteome profiling revealed that cetuximab-unresponsive ERK1/2 phosphorylation was the sole biomarker distinguishing cetuximab-refractory NRASQ61K/+ from cetuximab-sensitive NRAS+/+ cells. We therefore employed four representative MEK1/2 inhibitors (binimetinib, trametinib, selumetinib, and pimasertib) to evaluate the therapeutic value of MEK/ERK signaling in cetuximab-refractory NRAS mutation-induced mCRC. Co-treatment with an ineffective dose of cetuximab augmented, up to more than 1,300-fold, the cytotoxic effects of pimasertib against NRASQ61K/+ cells. Simultaneous combination of MEK1/2 inhibitors with cetuximab resulted in extremely high and dose-dependent synthetic lethal effects, which were executed, at least in part, by exacerbated apoptotic cell death. Dynamic monitoring of real-time cell growth rates confirmed that cetuximab synergistically sensitized NRASQ61K/+ cellsto MEK1/2 inhibition. Our discovery of a synthetic lethal interaction of cetuximab in combination with MEK1/2 inhibition for the NRAS mutant subgroup of mCRC underscores the importance of therapeutic intervention both in the MEK-ERK and EGFR pathways to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy against NRAS-mutant mCRC tumors.
- Published
- 2018
32. Changes in the Abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Phylogroups I and II in the Intestinal Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Patients with Colorectal Cancer
- Author
-
Miriam Sabat-Mir, Sylvia H. Duncan, Romà Surís-Valls, Margarita Martinez-Medina, Harry J. Flint, Mireia Lopez-Siles, Xavier Aldeguer, L. Jesús Garcia-Gil, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Espanya)
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer ,Crohn, Malaltia de ,Gastroenterology ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Bacteris ,Cohort Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Intestinal mucosa ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Prevalence ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Phylogeny ,Irritable bowel syndrome ,Intestins -- Inflamació ,Rectum -- Cancer ,Crohn's disease ,biology ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Ulcerative colitis ,Còlon -- Càncer ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Adult ,DNA, Bacterial ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pancolitis ,Inflammatory bowel diseases ,Gram-Positive Bacteria ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mesalazine ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,Recte -- Càncer ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii comprises 2 phylogroups, whose abundance in healthy and diseased gut and in conjunction with Escherichia coli has not yet been studied. This work aims to determine the contribution of F. prausnitzii phylogroups I and II in intestinal disease and to assess their potential diagnostic usefulness as biomarkers for gut diseases. Methods: Total F. prausnitzii, its phylogroups, and E. coli loads were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16S rRNA gene on biopsies from 31 healthy controls (H), 45 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 25 patients with ulcerative colitis, 10 patients with irritable bowel syndrome, and 20 patients with colorectal cancer. Data were normalized to total bacterial counts and analyzed according to patients' disease location and clinical characteristics. Results: Lower levels of both total F. prausnitzii and phylogroup I were found in subjects with CD, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer (P < 0.001) compared with H subjects. Phylogroup I load was a better biomarker than total F. prausnitzii to discriminate subjects with gut disorders from H. Phylogroup II depletion was observed only in patients with CD (P < 0.001) and can be potentially applied to differentiate ulcerative pancolitis from colonic CD. No statistically significant correlation between E. coli and any of the 2 F. prausnitzii phylogroups was found in any group of patients or by inflammatory bowel disease location. Phylogroup I was lower in active patients with CD, whereas those CD with intestinal resection showed a reduction in phylogroup II. Treatments with mesalazine and immunosuppressants did not result in the recovery of F. prausnitzii phylogroups abundance. Conclusions: F. prausnitzii phylogroup I was depleted in CD, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer, whereas phylogroup II was specifically reduced in CD. Quantification of F. prausnitzii phylogroups and E. coli may help to identify gut disorders and to classify inflammatory bowel disease location.
- Published
- 2018
33. Development and external validation of a faecal immunochemical test-based prediction model for colorectal cancer detection in symptomatic patients
- Author
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Cubiella, Joaquín, Vega, Pablo, Salve, María, Díaz-Ondina, Marta, Alves, Maria Teresa, Quintero, Enrique, Álvarez-Sánchez, Victoria, Fernández Bañares, Fernando, Boadas, Jaume, Campo Fernández de los Rios, Rafael, Bujanda, Luis, Clofent, Juan, Ferrandez, Ángel, Torrealba, Leyanira, Piñol Sánchez, Virgínia, Rodríguez-Alcalde, Daniel, Hernández, Vicent, Fernández-Seara, Javier, Ribes Puig, Josepa, COLONPREDICT study investigators, and Universitat de Barcelona
- Subjects
Male ,Colorectal cancer ,diagnosis ,Colonoscopy ,risk stratification ,Gastroenterology ,prompt diagnosis ,Hemoglobins ,Feces ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diagnòstic ,colonoscopy ,Càncer -- Diagnòstic ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,guidelines ,Prospective cohort study ,Early Detection of Cancer ,risk ,Medicine(all) ,Rectum -- Cancer ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Immunochemistry ,primary-care ,Biochemical markers ,Area under the curve ,Cancer -- Diagnosis ,General Medicine ,Prognosis ,3. Good health ,consultation questionnaire ,quality ,Tumor markers ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Predictive value of tests ,Marcadors bioquímics ,Cohort ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,diagnostic accuracy ,Protocols clínics ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pronòstic mèdic ,colorectal cancer ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Càncer colorectal ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,neoplasms ,Aged ,Gynecology ,people ,business.industry ,Marcadors tumorals ,Colonoscòpia ,scoring system ,Odds ratio ,Models, Theoretical ,hemoglobin ,medicine.disease ,faecal immunochemical test ,digestive system diseases ,Confidence interval ,indicators ,Carcinoembryonic Antigen ,Medical protocols ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Recte -- Càncer ,business ,Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background: Risk prediction models for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection in symptomatic patients based on available biomarkers may improve CRC diagnosis. Our aim was to develop, compare with the NICE referral criteria and externally validate a CRC prediction model, COLONPREDICT, based on clinical and laboratory variables. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included consecutive patients with gastrointestinal symptoms referred for colonoscopy between March 2012 and September 2013 in a derivation cohort and between March 2014 and March 2015 in a validation cohort. In the derivation cohort, we assessed symptoms and the NICE referral criteria, and determined levels of faecal haemoglobin and calprotectin, blood haemoglobin, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen before performing an anorectal examination and a colonoscopy. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop the model with diagnostic accuracy with CRC detection as the main outcome. Results: We included 1572 patients in the derivation cohort and 1481 in the validation cohorts, with a 13.6 % and 9. 1 % CRC prevalence respectively. The final prediction model included 11 variables: age (years) (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.06), male gender (OR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.5-3.4), faecal haemoglobin >= 20 mu g/g (OR 17.0, 95 % CI 10.0-28.6), blood haemoglobin = 3 ng/mL (OR 4.5, 95 % CI 3.0-6.8), acetylsalicylic acid treatment (OR 0.4, 95 % CI 0.2-0.7), previous colonoscopy (OR 0.1, 95 % CI 0.06-0.2), rectal mass (OR 14.8, 95 % CI 5.3-41.0), benign anorectal lesion (OR 0.3, 95 % CI 0.2-0.4), rectal bleeding (OR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.4-3.4) and change in bowel habit (OR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.1-2.5). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.92 (95 % CI 0.91-0.94), higher than the NICE referral criteria (AUC 0.59, 95 % CI 0.55-0.63; p < 0.001). On the basis of the thresholds with 90 % (5.6) and 99 % (3.5) sensitivity, we divided the derivation cohort into three risk groups for CRC detection: high (30.9 % of the cohort, positive predictive value [PPV] 40.7 %, 95 % CI 36.7-45.9 %), intermediate (29.5 %, PPV 4.4 %, 95 % CI 2.8-6.8 %) and low (39.5 %, PPV 0.2 %, 95 % CI 0.0-1.1 %). The discriminatory ability was equivalent in the validation cohort (AUC 0.92, 95 % CI 0.90-0.94; p = 0.7). Conclusions: COLONPREDICT is a highly accurate prediction model for CRC detection. This study was funded by a grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI11/00094). JC and VH have received an intensification grant through the European Commission funded "BIOCAPS" project (FP-7-REGPOT 2012-2013-1, Grant agreement no. FP7-316265). The validation cohort recruitment was funded by a grant from Fundacio de la Marato TV3 2012 (785/U/2013). The funding institutions had no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication.
- Published
- 2016
34. Scarce evidence of the causal role of germline mutations in UNC5C in hereditary colorectal cancer and polyposis
- Author
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Gemma Aiza, Laura Valle, Pilar Mur, Conxi Lázaro, Gabriel Capellá, Xose S. Puente, Susanna Aussó, Matilde Navarro, Victor Moreno, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Marta Pineda, Joan Brunet, Elena Sánchez-Cuartielles, Miguel Urioste, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, Government of Catalonia (España), and Universitat de Barcelona
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Colorectal cancer ,Loss of Heterozygosity ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer ,medicine.disease_cause ,Bioinformatics ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Germline ,Malalties hereditàries ,Missense mutation ,Lymphocytes ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Càncer -- Aspectes genètics ,Cells, Cultured ,Rectum -- Cancer ,Genetics ,Mutation ,Multidisciplinary ,Massive parallel sequencing ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,Factors de risc en les malalties ,Exons ,Middle Aged ,Pedigree ,Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ,Còlon -- Càncer ,Female ,Erratum ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Netrin Receptors ,Genetic diseases ,Adult ,Adenomatous polyposis coli ,Risk factors in diseases ,RNA Splicing ,Mutation, Missense ,Receptors, Cell Surface ,03 medical and health sciences ,Germline mutation ,Càncer colorectal ,medicine ,Humans ,Germ-Line Mutation ,Genetic testing ,Aged ,business.industry ,DNA ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,DNA Methylation ,medicine.disease ,Cancer -- Genetic aspects ,030104 developmental biology ,Case-Control Studies ,biology.protein ,Recte -- Càncer ,business ,Genètica ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
PI13-00285 PI11-01439 Germline mutations in UNC5C have been suggested to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, thus causing hereditary CRC. However, the evidence gathered thus far is insufficient to include the study of the UNC5C gene in the routine genetic testing of familial CRC. Here we aim at providing a more conclusive answer about the contribution of germline UNC5C mutations to genetically unexplained hereditary CRC and/or polyposis cases. To achieve this goal we sequenced the coding region and exon-intron boundaries of UNC5C in 544 familial CRC or polyposis patients (529 families), using a technique that combines pooled DNA amplification and massively parallel sequencing. A total of eight novel or rare variants, all missense, were identified in eight families. Co-segregation data in the families and association results in case-control series are not consistent with a causal effect for 7 of the 8 identified variants, including c.1882_1883delinsAA (p.A628K), previously described as a disease-causing mutation. One variant, c.2210G > A (p.S737N), remained unclassified. In conclusion, our results suggest that the contribution of germline mutations in UNC5C to hereditary colorectal cancer and to polyposis cases is negligible. This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and co-funded by FEDER funds -a way to build Europe- [SAF2012-38885 (LV), SAF2013-45836-R (XSP), SAF2012-33636 (GC)]; Carlos III Health Institute [PI13-00285 (CL), PI11-01439 (VM)]; Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer [RTICC RD12/0036/0031, RD12/0036/0008, RD12/0036/0067], the Government of Catalonia [2014SGR338, 2014SGR647], and the Scientific Foundation Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer. We thank Tirso Pons from the Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) for his assistance. We are grateful to the researchers of the MCC-Spain study for providing the data to assess the identified UNC5C rare variants in the general population. Sí
- Published
- 2016
35. Large intestinal (colorectal) cancer screening
- Author
-
Vassallo, Pierre
- Subjects
Rectum -- Cancer ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer -- Prevention ,Medical screening ,digestive system diseases ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer -- Diagnosis - Abstract
The large intestine is composed of the colon and rectum and is the third most common site of cancer in the body. Colorectal cancer affects both males and females equally and is the second most common cause of death from cancer. Screening for colorectal cancer can reduce deaths from this condition significantly.1 The aim of screening is to detect precancerous/ cancer-prone lesions before they become malignant. Screening methods include Faecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT), Double Contrast Barium Enema (DCBE), Computed Tomographic Colonography (CTC) and Colonoscopy., peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2015
36. Endoscopic ultrasound in the staging of gastrointestinal luminal malignancies
- Author
-
Azzopardi, Neville
- Subjects
Rectum -- Cancer ,Endoscopic ultrasonography -- Usage ,Gastrointestinal system -- Cancer -- Imaging ,Esophagus -- Cancer -- Imaging ,digestive system diseases - Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an important tool in the staging of gastrointestinal cancers. This review highlights the use of EUS in the staging of gastrointestinal luminal malignancies and compares the performance of EUS with other imaging modalities (CT, MRI and PET-CT) in the staging of these malignancies. Management algorithms in the staging of these malignancies are also presented., peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2013
37. Transcriptional upregulation of HER2 expression in the absence of HER2 gene amplification results in cetuximab resistance that is reversed by trastuzumab treatment
- Author
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Joan Brunet, Joaquim Bosch-Barrera, Alejandro Vazquez-Martin, Anna Massaguer Vall-llovera, Sílvia Cufí, Begoña Martin-Castillo, Cristina Oliveras-Ferraros, Javier A. Menendez, Bernardo Queralt, Dolors Carrion Salip, and Rafael de Llorens
- Subjects
Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Transcription, Genetic ,Cell Survival ,Receptor, ErbB-2 ,Colorectal cancer ,Cetuximab ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Lapatinib ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cancer -- Treatment ,Medicaments antineoplàstics ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ,Trastuzumab ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic agents ,medicine ,Humans ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,neoplasms ,Rectum -- Cancer ,Oncogene ,business.industry ,Gene Amplification ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Molecular medicine ,digestive system diseases ,Up-Regulation ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Monoclonal ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Quinazolines ,ras Proteins ,KRAS ,Càncer -- Tractament ,Recte -- Càncer ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The recent identification of HER2 gene amplification as a novel predictor of resistance to the EGFR (HER2)-targeted antibody cetuximab and of response to combination therapies against EGFR and HER2 in wild-type KRAS tumor settings may represent a further step toward personalized medicine for patients with colorectal cancer. Herein, we show that transcriptional upregulation of HER2 expression in the absence of HER2 gene amplification is a molecular phenomenon that takes place in EGFR-dependent, wild-type KRAS squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells that acquire resistance to cetuximab. Since cetuximab activity against cetuximab-refractory SCC cells can be fully restored in the presence of the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, our findings suggest that, beyond HER2 gene amplification, we might need to redefine the threshold values for HER2 positivity to improve the accuracy of the selection of cetuximab-refractory patients with wild-type KRAS that may benefit from receiving a cetuximab/trastuzumab combination.
- Published
- 2012
38. Interferon/STAT1 and neuregulin signaling pathways are exploratory biomarkers of cetuximab (Erbitux®) efficacy in KRAS wild-type squamous carcinomas: a pathway-based analysis of whole human-genome microarray data from cetuximab-adapted tumor cell-line models
- Author
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Sílvia Cufí, Raquel Guardeño, Maria Carmen Pérez-Martínez, Javier A. Menendez, Luciana Báez, Xavier Hernández-Yagüe, Rafael de Llorens, Alejandro Vazquez-Martin, Begoña Martin-Castillo, Eugeni López-Bonet, Luis Bernadó, Rosa Maria Ortiz, Joan Brunet, Bernardo Queralt, Cristina Oliveras-Ferraros, and Manuel Adrados
- Subjects
Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Colorectal cancer ,Cetuximab ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Models, Biological ,Epiregulin ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ,Amphiregulin ,Internal medicine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,medicine ,Humans ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,neoplasms ,Neuregulins ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Rectum -- Cancer ,Genome, Human ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Marcadors tumorals ,Cancer ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Squamous carcinoma ,ErbB Receptors ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,STAT1 Transcription Factor ,Tumor markers ,Cancer research ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,ras Proteins ,Biomarker (medicine) ,KRAS ,Interferons ,Recte -- Càncer ,Biomarkers ,medicine.drug ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
KRAS mutation status is being used as the sole biomarker to predict therapeutic efficacy of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A significant number of mCRC patients with KRAS wild-type (WT) tumors, however, do not benefit from cetuximab. We are also lacking efficacy predictors in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with an intact KRAS signaling and in non-small cell lung cancer in which KRAS mutations do not predict cetuximab efficacy. We recently established pre-clinical models of EGFR gene-amplified KRAS WT A431 squamous carcinoma cells chronically adapted to grow in the presence of cetuximab. We employed the ingenuity pathway analysis software to functionally interpret data from Agilent's whole human genome arrays in the context of biological processes, networks, and pathways. Cetuximab-induced activation of the interferon (IFN)/STAT1 appeared to switch from 'growth inhibitory' in acutely-treated cells to 'pro-survival' in chronically-adapted cells. Cetuximab treatment appeared to negatively select initially dominant IFN-sensitive clones and promoted selection of IFN- and cetuximab-refractory tumor clones constitutively bearing an up-regulated IFN/STAT1 signaling. High-levels of mRNAs coding for the EGFR ligands amphiregulin (AREG), epiregulin (EREG), and neuregulin-1/heregulin (NRG1) predicted for acute cetuximab's functioning. Chronic cetuximab, however, appeared to negatively select initially dominant AREG/EREG/NRG1-positive clones to promote selection of cetuximab-refractory clones exhibiting a knocked-down neuregulin signaling. Our current evolutionary mapping of the transcriptomic changes that occur during cetuximab-induced chronic blockade of EGFR/KRAS WT signaling strongly suggests that mRNAs coding for IFN/STAT1- and EGFR ligands-related genes can be evaluated as novel predictors of efficacy in KRAS WT squamous cancer patients being treated with cetuximab.
- Published
- 2011
39. CDC vital signs : colorectal cancer (July 2011)
- Author
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National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.). Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.). Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
- Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the #2 cancer killer in the US among cancers that affect both men and women. But it doesn't have to be. Screening can find precancerous polyps (abnormal growths) so they can be removed before they turn into cancer. Screening can also find colorectal cancer early when it is easiest to treat. A new CDC report says that rates of new cases and deaths of colorectal cancer are decreasing and more adults are being screened. Between 2003 and 2007, approximately 66,000 colorectal cancer cases were prevented and 32,000 lives were saved compared to 2002. Half of these prevented cases and deaths were due to screening.
- Published
- 2011
40. Single nucleotide polymorphism in human microsomal glutathione s-transferase gene and colorectal cancer
- Author
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Liu, Shuk Ming and Liu, Shuk Ming
- Abstract
GST is a big family of isoezymes, and based on their locations they can be divided into cytosolic and microsomal GST. The major role of this isozymes is to detoxify the chemicals. Mutations that alter the expression level or structure of the GST enzymes will impair the ability of removing the carcinogens and hence lead to cancer development. Many previous studies showed that cytosolic GSTs polymorphism is relate to cancers. This project is to investigate the correlations between the SNPs in microsomal glutathione-S- transferase (GST) gene and colon cancer. This is a case-control study. Blood samples were collected from 50 health volunteers, 50 sporadic colorectal cancer cases and 7 families. Genome DNA were prepared from the blood samples and subjected to analysis of the SNPs in the mGST-1 gene. Gene fragments were amplified from the promoter region and all the exons by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The PCR fragments were purified and sequenced directly by dideoxy-chain termination method. Seven, one and four SNPs were found in the promoter region, exon 2 and exon 4 respectively. Based on the predigree, some halpotypes in the promoter region and exon 4 were worked out for some family members. The correlations between the SNPs haplotypes and colon cancer were analyzed using statistical method. Chi-squares test was used to test the hypothesis. The SNP, SN70322, in exon 4 demonstrated a correlation with colorectal cancer (P = 0.009). In exon 2, there were two SNPs occur in a colon cancer individual that lead to two amino acids subsitution. One subsitution is from non-polar amino acid to polar amino acid while the other is just opposite. Whether these subsitutions may impair the function of the mGST-1 enzyme, or the SNP in exon 4 can be used as a marker for colorectal cancer require further investigation.
- Published
- 2003
41. A multivariate analysis of dietary and microbial interactions in the etiology of colorectal cancer
- Author
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Pence, Barbara
- Subjects
Rectum -- Cancer ,Cancer -- Animal models ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer ,Cancer -- Nutritional aspects - Abstract
Cancer of the colon and rectum is a significant (15%) type of cancer in this country and other western nations. It appears from epidemiological data that the cause of this morbidity and mortality is directly attributable to diet. Many dietary influences have been studied for their correlation with the development of human colon cancer: fat levels and fat types, high cholesterol consumption, and reduced fiber and vegetable intake. All of these dietary factors have been studied individually in colon cancer animal models, but this approach does not accurately detect interactions occurring across and between dietary variables. The specific objective of this study was to design an experimental animal model for colon cancer which examined the interactions of dietary factors as they might coexist in the human diet, and to determine which variables (or combinations of variables) pose the greatest risk for tumor development. The experimental model was a 2^ factorial design and the four dietary factors examined were wheat bran, cholesterol, beef tallow, and the vegetable compound, indole-3-carbinol (l-3-C). Colon tumors were induced in 160 male Fischer 344 rats with 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine. Hematocrit levels, white blood cell counts, fecal mutagen, and Bacteroides fragilis counts in feces were examined at seven week intervals. At necropsy additional variables examined included total weight gain, spleen and liver weights, incidence and severity of tumors, serum cholesterol levels and activity of the liver enzyme aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). A comprehensive multivariate analysis demonstrated that the combination of cholesterol with both beef tallow and corn oil, accompanied by an AHH inducer (1-3-C) posed the greatest risk for colon cancer. Wheat bran consumption decreased this risk only in diets with cholesterol. In other diets, bran was found to have an enhancing effect on colon tumorigenesis, so its role must be evaluated cautiously. These results are consistent with previous epidemiologic data.
- Published
- 1984
42. The incidence of colorectal tumours in the Maltese islands
- Author
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Carachi, R. and Busuttil, Anthony
- Subjects
Rectum -- Cancer ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Tumors -- Malta -- Case studies ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer -- Malta -- Statistics ,Cancer ,Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer -- Diagnosis - Abstract
Colorectal neoplasm is one of the commoner forms of malignant disease; according to the Annual Report Registrar General, 1970 its incidence in England and Wales is second only to that of lung cancer. A survey of the hundred and seventy three patients documented in the Malta Tumour Registry as suffering from colorectal neoplasms between the years 1969-1972 (inclusive) was carried out. Several findings emanate from this survey such as the incidence in the younger age group, the presence of significant nausea and vomiting in fifty percent of the patients of the left hemicolon and twenty percent of cases with a tumour in the right hemicolon. Moreover, this survey has shown that there is an average delay of about six months from the time the patient first presents to his own practitioner until his hospitalization for investigation with yet further delays before surgery is attempted., peer-reviewed
- Published
- 1975
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