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Forest landscape space is the basic unit of forest landscape resources. Healthy forest landscape resources can not only improve the sustainable cycle of forest ecological service function, but also have a positive impact on human health and well-being. Evidence supports the view that the forest environment is beneficial to people's health, and further discussion of the dose response between environmental attributes and physical and mental recovery has been widely carried out by scholars. As an important component of environmental attributes, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between vegetation distribution and users' health in order to better plan, design, and utilize forest environmental resources. This study mainly used the virtual immersive forest environment video in VR, and used the difference test in SPSS 23.0 to clarify whether the distribution of vegetation in the forest environment will affect the physiological and psychological recovery effect of users. The main results are as follows: (1) Experiencing the forest environment can promote users' physiological and psychological health, and its recovery effect is significantly better than the indoor environment (p < 0.05). (2) The distribution of vegetation in the forest environment will affect users' physiological and psychological recovery effect. Among them, in the cluster and randomly distributed forest environments, the relaxation and concentration of users can be improved mainly by alleviating their negative emotions. In the evenly distributed forest environment, users mainly achieve the purpose of relaxation by improving their vitality and positive emotions. These results show that the distribution of vegetation is one of the factors for the restoration of forest environment. In the future design and management of the forest environment, the health and well-being of users can be effectively enhanced by getting involved with the vegetation distribution in the site, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the promotion of the rehabilitation function of forest landscape space and its sustainable utilization, thus promoting the sustainable development of forest resources and improving people's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the urgent need for healthcare entities to develop resilient strategies to cope with disruptions caused by the pandemic. This study focuses on the digital resilience of certified physicians who adopted an online healthcare community (OHC) to acquire patients and conduct telemedicine services during the pandemic. We synthesize the resilience literature and identify two effects of digital resilience—the resistance effect and the recovery effect. We use a proprietary dataset that matches online and offline data sources to study the digital resilience of physicians. A difference-in-differences (DID) analysis shows that physicians who adopted an OHC had strong resistance and recovery effects during the pandemic. Remarkably, after the COVID-19 outbreak, these physicians had 35.0% less reduction in medical consultations in the immediate period and 31.0% more bounce-back in the subsequent period as compared to physicians who did not adopt the OHC. We further analyze the sources of physicians’ digital resilience by distinguishing between new and existing patients from both online and offline channels. Our subgroup analysis shows that, in general, digital resilience is more pronounced when physicians have a higher online reputation rating or have more positive interactions with patients on the OHC platform, providing further support for the mechanisms underlying digital resilience. Our research has significant theoretical and managerial implications beyond the context of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are a class of amphipathic molecules bearing a hydrophilic 4‐O‐β‐D‐mannopyranosyl‐D‐erythritol skeleton. Here, we designed and synthesized four kinds of MEL analogues R‐MEL−A ([2R,3S]‐erythritol type), S‐mannosylthreitol lipid (MTL)‐A ([2S,3S]‐threitol type), R‐MTL−A ([2R,3R]‐threitol type), and α‐S‐MEL−A ([2S,3R]‐erythritol type) using our previously reported boron‐mediated aglycon delivery (BMAD) method and a neighboring group assisted glycosylation method. The selective cytotoxicity of the target compounds against cancer cells was evaluated, with R‐MTL−A showing the highest selective cytotoxicity against human skin squamous carcinoma HSC‐5 cells. Our findings suggest that R‐MTL−A induces necrosis‐like cell death against HSC‐5 cells by decreasing cell membrane fluidity. R‐MTL−A also exhibits an efficient recovery effect on damaged skin cells, indicating that R‐MTL−A has potential as a lead compound for new cosmeceuticals with both cancer cell‐selective toxicity and recovery effects on damaged skin cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess subjective and objective parameters of stress among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the recovery effect of a day off. Methods: In this prospective observational trial, we measured heart rate variability (using a wearable device) and perceived stress levels on 3 working days and 1 day off. We obtained the following data using an online questionnaire: working conditions, COVID-19-related problems, depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), effort-reward imbalance, and work-family conflict in a sample of German nurses (N = 41). Results: When comparing working days with a day off, we observed a significant difference for physical load (Cohen's d = 0.798, P <.001), mental load (Cohen's d = 0.660, P =.001), emotional exhaustion (Cohen's d = 0.945, P <.001), and overburdening (Cohen's d = 0.585, P =.002) with higher scores on working days. Regarding heart rate variability, we did not find a difference. Correlational analyses revealed a significant association between being afraid to get infected with COVID-19 and lower heart rate variability (r = −0.336, P =.045) and between being afraid to infect relatives and lower heart rate variability (r = −0.442, P =.007). Furthermore, a higher total sum score of work-family conflict was significantly associated with lower heart rate variability (r = −0.424, P =.01). Conclusion: As heart rate variability observations were different from those regarding subjectively perceived stress, further studies are needed to evaluate and differentiate the influence of work stress and other types of stress on heart rate variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Previous studies on social exclusion have focused on its adverse effects, rarely exploring how social re-inclusion can aid recovery from exclusion-induced distress. The level of social re-inclusion that can help individuals recover from social exclusion, and whether the recovery effect is influenced by individual characteristics are unclear. The present experimental study extends the Cyberball paradigm, adding a re-inclusion stage to explore the recovery effects of four levels of social re-inclusion on affect; furthermore, it tests the moderating role of self-esteem in the recovery effect. A total of 154 Chinese college students participated in the experiment. Results showed that (1) recovery was effective when the level of re-inclusion was equal to (replica re-inclusion) or greater than (moderate and high over-re-inclusions) the pre-exclusion level of inclusion, but ineffective when it was below this level (token re-inclusion); (2) the re-inclusion level positively predicted recovery, and this was moderated by self-esteem—the prediction was effective for participants with middle and high self-esteem, but not for participants with low self-esteem. These results are discussed from a group process and self-psychology perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to assess the recovery effect of pomegranate seed extract (PSEx) against nickel (Ni)-induced damage in Allium cepa. Except for the control group treated with tap water, five experimental groups were exposed to 265 mg L−1 PSEx, 530 mg L−1 PSEx, 1 mg L−1 NiCI2, 265 mg L−1 PSEx + 1 mg L−1 NiCI2, and 530 mg L−1 PSEx + 1 mg L−1 NiCI2, respectively. The toxicity of Ni was examined through the analysis of physiological (germination percentage, weight gain, and root length), cytotoxicity (mitotic index), genotoxicity (micronucleus, chromosomal anomalies, and Comet test), and biochemical (malondialdehyde, proline, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase) parameters. Meristematic cell defects were also investigated. The NiCl2-DNA interaction was evaluated through spectral shift analysis. Values of all physiological parameters, mitotic index scores, and chlorophyll contents decreased while micronucleus frequency, DNA tail percentage, chromosomal anomalies, proline, MDA, and enzyme activities increased following Ni administration. According to the tail DNA percentage scale, Ni application caused "high damage" to DNA. Ni-induced chromosomal anomalies were fragment, sticky chromosome, vagrant chromosome, bridge, unbalanced chromatin distribution, reverse polarization, and nucleus with bud. NiCl2-DNA interaction caused a hyperchromic shift in the UV/Vis spectrum of DNA by spectral profile analysis. Ni exposure impaired root meristems as evidenced by the formation of epidermis cell damage, flattened cell nucleus, thickened cortex cell wall, and blurry vascular tissue. Substantial recovery was seen in all parameters with the co-administration of PSEx and Ni. Recovery effects in the parameters were 18–51% and 41–84% in the 265 mg L−1 PSEx + 1 mg L−1 NiCI2 and 530 mg L−1 PSEx + 1 mg L−1 NiCI2 groups, respectively. The Comet scale showed that PSEx applied with Ni reduced DNA damage from "high" to "moderate." Ni-induced thickened cortex cell wall and blurry vascular tissue damage disappeared completely when 530 mg L−1 PSEx was mixed with Ni. PSEx successfully reduced the negative effects of Ni, which can be attributed to its content of antioxidants and bioactive ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of treated wastewater (TWW) in irrigation has a positive impact by bringing fertilizers and organics. However, increases in the soil's sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) creates a barrier to long-term TWW irrigation. Alternating well water with wastewater irrigation is one practical solution that could be used to address the problem. This work aims to study the effect of alternating two years of well water with two years of treated wastewater irrigation on the soil characteristics of a Koroneiki olive tree mesocosm. Urban and agri-food wastewater treated using various technologies, such as lagooning, activated sludge, multi-soil-layering, and constructed wetlands, were used for irrigation. The results showed that an increase in salinity (SAR and ESP) in soil and olive tree leaves are the main negative effects of continuous irrigation with TWW on soil and tree performance. Several chemical and biochemical parameters, such as SAR and Na+ concentration, demonstrated that alternating well water with treated wastewater irrigation can reverse these negative effects. This recovery effect occurs in a relatively short period of time, implying that such a management practice is viable. However, long-term well water application reduces soil fertility due to the leaching of organics and exchangeable ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on social exclusion have focused on its adverse effects, rarely exploring how social re-inclusion can aid recovery from exclusion-induced distress. The level of social re-inclusion that can help individuals recover from social exclusion, and whether the recovery effect is influenced by individual characteristics are unclear. The present experimental study extends the Cyberball paradigm, adding a re-inclusion stage to explore the recovery effects of four levels of social re-inclusion on affect; furthermore, it tests the moderating role of self-esteem in the recovery effect. A total of 154 Chinese college students participated in the experiment. Results showed that (1) recovery was effective when the level of re-inclusion was equal to (replica re-inclusion) or greater than (moderate and high over-re-inclusions) the pre-exclusion level of inclusion, but ineffective when it was below this level (token re-inclusion); (2) the re-inclusion level positively predicted recovery, and this was moderated by self-esteem—the prediction was effective for participants with middle and high self-esteem, but not for participants with low self-esteem. These results are discussed from a group process and self-psychology perspective.

Copyright of Lernen und Lernstörungen is the property of Hogrefe AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

State of Charge (SoC) is a parameter used to determine the current capacity on a battery as well as indicate the operational characteristics. The SoC is an important parameter for optimizing battery utilization in many applications requiring DC current source. However, estimating the SoC value is the major problem since it cannot be measured directly. In this study, we proposed SoC measurement method based on analysis internal resistance of battery. The internal resistance is correlated with the parameters of the magnitude of the terminal voltage and open circuit. Both voltages come from the influence of current during the charging-discharging process. We report that the proposed method has successfully obtained the correlation between the SoC and the internal resistance value for two process, which are the charging- and discharging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of three types of purpose‐designed mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL)‐D analogues with decanoyl groups, β‐GlcEL‐D, α‐GlcEL‐D, and α‐MEL‐D, was accomplished utilizing our boron‐mediated aglycon delivery (BMAD) methods. Their self‐assembling properties, recovery effects on damaged skin cells, and antibacterial activity were evaluated. It was revealed, for the first time, that α‐GlcEL‐D and α‐MEL‐D only generated giant vesicles, indicating that slight differences in the steric configuration of an erythritol moiety and fatty acyl chains affect the ability to form vesicles. Analogue α‐MEL‐D exhibited significant recovery effects on damaged skin cells. Furthermore, α‐MEL‐D exhibited antibacterial activity as high as that for MEL‐D, indicating that α‐MEL‐D is a promising artificial sugar‐based material candidate for enhancing the barrier function of the stratum corneum, superior to a known cosmetic ingredient, and possesses antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to evaluate the restoration effect of alpine meadows under different restoration measures in Tibetan alpine regions.【Method】In the study, the restoration effects of two common restoration measures on the alpine meadow ecosystem of Riyue Mountain were quantified and compared through field investigation and laboratory experiment on the sample plots restored by returning farmland to grassland and enclosure measures for 14 years in Riyue Mountain area.【Result】The ecological function of degraded alpine meadow ecosystem was significantly restored under the two restoration measures, and the community height and coverage were significantly restored (P<0.05) . Compared with natural grazing, the aboveground and underground biomass of the community were 62.25% and 56.65% higher under fencing measures, while 57.37% and 5.70% higher under returning farmland to grassland measures. The community composition was gradually enriched. The species richness under the enclosure measures was 26. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes were significantly higher than those of natural grazing plots, and 7.69% of the species in the fenced plot had an important value less than 1. Under the returning farmland to grassland plot, the species richness was 22 species. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes were slightly lower than those of natural grazing sample plots. The important value of 31.82% species in the community was less than 1. The community structure was optimized, and the community structure succeeded to a more efficient three-layer structure under the two restoration measures, but the species composition of each layer structure was different under the two restoration measures. The two restoration measures could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil to varying degrees, but did not reach the significance test level in many places (P>0.05), indicating that the restoration of soil lagged behind and needed a longer recovery time than that of community vegetation.【Conclusion】The ecological function of degraded grassland was restored to different degrees under the two restoration measures. The restoration time of returning farmland to grassland was longer than that of fenced enclosure, while the restoration time of 14 years for fenced enclosure was longer than the optimal period of fenced enclosure. The ultimate restoration purpose of degraded grassland is not only the restoration of ecological functions, but also the restoration of production and living functions, so as to restore the authenticity and integrity of grassland and restore degraded grassland in a true sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel hybrid equivalent circuit model for lithium-ion battery. The proposed equivalent circuit model of lithium-ion battery is based on Thevenin equivalent circuit model, and a state-of-charge (SOC) part is added into the model to improve the model performance. In the proposed model, the battery capacity is divided into available capacity and unavailable capacity, which can well reflect the rated capacity effect when the battery is working, the recovery effect when the battery is not working and the self-discharge effect at all times. At the same time, a new definition of the SOC is given. The SOC value of the battery is estimated in real time through the model of the charged state part, and the one-to-one correspondence between SOC and open circuit voltage is established. Besides, the second-order polarized RC network in Thevenin model is improved to the third-order RC network, and the third-order RC network is endowed with practical physical significance, to reflect the polarization effect of the battery more accurately. Finally, Simulink simulation and experimental results have verified the correctness of the proposed model.

The use of treated wastewater (TWW) in irrigation has a positive impact by bringing fertilizers and organics. However, increases in the soil’s sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) creates a barrier to long-term TWW irrigation. Alternating well water with wastewater irrigation is one practical solution that could be used to address the problem. This work aims to study the effect of alternating two years of well water with two years of treated wastewater irrigation on the soil characteristics of a Koroneiki olive tree mesocosm. Urban and agri-food wastewater treated using various technologies, such as lagooning, activated sludge, multi-soil-layering, and constructed wetlands, were used for irrigation. The results showed that an increase in salinity (SAR and ESP) in soil and olive tree leaves are the main negative effects of continuous irrigation with TWW on soil and tree performance. Several chemical and biochemical parameters, such as SAR and Na+ concentration, demonstrated that alternating well water with treated wastewater irrigation can reverse these negative effects. This recovery effect occurs in a relatively short period of time, implying that such a management practice is viable. However, long-term well water application reduces soil fertility due to the leaching of organics and exchangeable ions.

Air-foam flooding is an effective technology to enhance oil recovery in heavy oil production. In this study, Back Propagation (BP) neural network model is built and optimized to predict the recovery effect of heavy oil with the injection parameters data of the oxygen-reduced air-foam flooding obtained through experiments. The study shows that the prediction results of the BP neural network is quite accurate, and the average absolute relative error of prediction results is less than 0.21%. This also illustrates the feasibility of using the BP network prediction model in predicting heavy oil recovery effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the acceleration of industrialization, the decline of male fertility caused by heavy metal pollution has attracted much attention. However, whether the inhibition of testicular function after cadmium exposure is reversible remains to be studied. In this study, we constructed rat models of cadmium exposure and dis-exposure, and collected relative samples to observe the changes of related indicators. The results showed that cadmium exposure could reduce the fertility, inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis and activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, the testicular GR/PI3K-AKT/AMPK signal was abnormal, cell proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was enhanced. Four weeks after the exposure was stopped, the fertility was still decreased, testicular testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis were inhibited, cell proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was enhanced, but all of them were reversed. After eight weeks of cadmium exposure, the above indicators were observed to return to normal. At the same time, by giving different concentrations of corticosterone to spermatogonium, we confirmed that corticosterone may regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of spermatogonium through GR/PI3K-AKT/AMPK signal. In this study, the reproductive toxicity of cadmium, a metal environmental pollutant, was analyzed in depth to provide a new theoretical and experimental basis for ensuring male reproductive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we first consider the phenomenon of exponential growth of existing equipment data in substation, introduce the cloud computing operation mode, and build a more scalable MapReduce processing system based on Hadoop platform. Cloud computing is completed by using decision tree C4.5 algorithm, and the algorithm is used to optimize the parallel computing mode on the Hadoop platform as the core of the same data processing. Based on this point, this paper considers the impact of the ecological restoration effect of L County in the northern mountainous area of T city on the environment of the study area, analyzes the climate and hydrological conditions of the study area, provides the basic data of the mountain ecological environment of Y mountain area for the study of mountain landscape planning, and facilitates the practice. The combination of landscape planning, ecological restoration, and environmental reconstruction system theory provides a theoretical and practical basis for ecological planning in the central mountainous area of T city. Finally, based on MOOC components and software architecture, this paper constructs a college English remote system. After comprehensive testing in many aspects, this paper reduces the cost of software development in this field, which not only improves the reliability of the system, but also shortens the development cycle, speeds up the maintenance speed of the system, and increases the scale of the system. About the system testing, this paper tests the function, performance, feasibility, integrity, and security of the system through the network testing method and cookie method. Based on the basic C4.5 decision-making algorithm and college English remote system, this paper studies the impact of mountain ecological environment restoration, provides ideas for promoting the development of the system, and provides reference for the reform and practice methods and processes in other courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of mental fatigue on both cognitive and physical performance are well described in the literature, but the recovery aspects of mental fatigue have been less investigated. The present study aimed to fill this gap by examining the persistence of mental fatigue on behavior and electrophysiological mechanisms. Fifteen participants performed an arm-pointing task consisting of reaching a target as fast as possible, before carrying out a 32-min cognitively demanding task [Time Load Dual Back (TLDB) task], and immediately, 10 and 20 min after completion of the TLDB task. During the experiment, electroencephalography was continuously recorded. The significant increase in mental fatigue feeling after the TLDB task was followed by a decrease during the 20 min of recovery without returning to premeasurement values. Brain oscillations recorded at rest during the recovery period showed an increase in both theta and alpha power over time, suggesting a persistence of mental fatigue. Arm-pointing movement duration increased gradually over time during the recovery period, indicating that behavioral performance remained impaired 20 min after the end of the cognitively demanding task. To conclude, subjective measurements indicated a partial recovery of mental fatigue following a cognitively demanding task, whereas electrophysiological and behavioral markers suggested that the effects of mental fatigue persisted for at least 20 min. While the subjective evaluation of mental fatigue is a very practical way to attest the presence of mental fatigue, electrophysiological and behavioral measures seem more relevant to evaluate the time course of mental fatigue effects.

The effects of mental fatigue on both cognitive and physical performance are well described in the literature, but the recovery aspects of mental fatigue have been less investigated. The present study aimed to fill this gap by examining the persistence of mental fatigue on behavior and electrophysiological mechanisms. Fifteen participants performed an arm-pointing task consisting of reaching a target as fast as possible, before carrying out a 32-min cognitively demanding task [Time Load Dual Back (TLDB) task], and immediately, 10 and 20 min after completion of the TLDB task. During the experiment, electroencephalography was continuously recorded. The significant increase in mental fatigue feeling after the TLDB task was followed by a decrease during the 20 min of recovery without returning to premeasurement values. Brain oscillations recorded at rest during the recovery period showed an increase in both theta and alpha power over time, suggesting a persistence of mental fatigue. Arm-pointing movement duration increased gradually over time during the recovery period, indicating that behavioral performance remained impaired 20 min after the end of the cognitively demanding task. To conclude, subjective measurements indicated a partial recovery of mental fatigue following a cognitively demanding task, whereas electrophysiological and behavioral markers suggested that the effects of mental fatigue persisted for at least 20 min. While the subjective evaluation of mental fatigue is a very practical way to attest the presence of mental fatigue, electrophysiological and behavioral measures seem more relevant to evaluate the time course of mental fatigue effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The undergoing transition from conventional to converter-interfaced renewable generation leads to significant challenges in maintaining frequency stability due to declining system inertia. In this paper, a novel control framework for Synthetic Inertia (SI) provision from Wind Turbines (WTs) is proposed, which eliminates the secondary frequency dip and allows the dynamics of SI from WTs to be analytically integrated into the system frequency dynamics. Furthermore, analytical system frequency constraints with SI provision from WTs are developed and incorporated into a stochastic system scheduling model, which enables the provision of SI from WTs to be dynamically optimized on a system level. Several case studies are carried out on a Great Britain 2030 power system with different penetration levels of wind generation and inclusion of frequency response requirements in order to assess the performance of the proposed model and analyze the influence of the improved SI control scheme on the potential secondary frequency dip. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of SI provision from WTs into Unit Commitment (UC) can drastically impact the overall system costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a point-to-point wireless communications for embedded battery powered systems. We aim to provide an optimal use of all the usable capacity inside the battery before it becomes exhausted. For this purpose, we exploit the recovery effect to extend their lifetime. We consider a stochastic battery model and use both dynamic programming and reinforcement learning approaches to compute optimal transmission policies for wireless sensor networks. The obtained results show that the expected total transmitted data and the battery lifetime are maximized when all the charge units inside the battery are consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wheat-maize intercropping systems, the maize is often disadvantageous over the wheat during the co-growth period. It is unknown whether the impaired growth of maize can be recovered through the enhancement of the belowground interspecies interactions. In this study, we (i) determined the mechanism of the belowground interaction in relation to root growth and distribution under different maize plant densities, and (ii) quantified the "recovery effect" of maize after wheat harvest. The three-year (2014-2016) field experiment was conducted at the Oasis Agriculture Research Station of Gansu Agricultural University, Wuwei, Northwest China. Root weight density (RWD), root length density (RLD), and root surface area density (RSAD), were measured in single-cropped maize (M), single-cropped wheat (W), and three intercropping systems (i) wheat-maize intercropping with no root barrier (i.e., complete belowground interaction, IC), (ii) nylon mesh root barrier (partial belowground interaction, IC-PRI), and (iii) plastic sheet root barrier (no belowground interaction, IC-NRI). The intercropped maize was planted at low (45,000 plants ha-1) and high (52,000 plants ha-1) densities. During the wheat/maize co-growth period, the IC treatment increased the RWD, RLD, and RSAD of the intercropped wheat in the 20-100 cm soil depth compared to the IC-PRI and IC-NRI systems; intercropped maize had 53% lower RWD, 81% lower RLD, and 70% lower RSAD than single-cropped maize. After wheat harvest, the intercropped maize recovered the growth with the increase of RWD by 40%, RLD by 44%and RSAD by 11%, compared to the single-cropped maize. Comparisons among the three intercropping systems revealed that the "recovery effect" of the intercropped maize was attributable to complete belowground interspecies interaction by 143%, the compensational effect due to root overlap by 35%, and the compensational effect due to water and nutrient exchange (CWN) by 80%. The higher maize plant density provided a greater recovery effect due to increased RWD and RLD. Higher maize plant density stimulated greater belowground interspecies interaction that promoted root growth and development, strengthened the recovery effect, and increased crop productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caenorhabditis elegans is an important in vivo assay system for toxicological studies. Herein, we investigated the role of oxidative stress and the underlying molecular mechanism for induced adverse effects of simulated microgravity. In nematodes, simulated microgravity treatment induced a significant induction of oxidative stress. Genes ( mev-1 , gas-1 , and isp-1 ) encoding a molecular machinery for the control of oxidative stress were found to be dysregulated in simulated microgravity treated nematodes. Meanwhile, genes ( sod-2 , sod-3 , sod-4 , sod-5 , aak-2 , skn-1 , and gst-4 ) encoding certain antioxidant defense systems were increased in simulated microgravity treated nematodes. Mutation of mev-1 , gas-1 , sod-2 , sod-3 , aak-2 , skn-1 , or gst-4 enhanced susceptibility to oxidative stress induced by simulated microgravity, whereas mutation of isp-1 induced a resistance to oxidative stress induced by simulated microgravity. Mutation of sod-2 , sod-3 , or aak-2 further suppressed the recovery effect of simulated microgravity toxicity in nematodes after simulated microgravity treatment for 1 h. Moreover, administration of ascorbate could inhibit the adverse effects including the induction of oxidative stress in simulated microgravity treated nematodes. Mutation of any of the genes encoding metallothioneins or the genes of hsp-16.1 , hsp-16.2 and hsp-16.48 encoding heat-shock proteins did not affect the induction of oxidative stress in simulated microgravity treated nematodes. Our results provide a molecular basis for the induction of oxidative stress in simulated microgravity treated organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the lifetime of the network and utilizing the resources to its maximum limit is the major issue in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The wireless sensor nodes in sensor network are powered using rechargeable batteries. However, providing energy to nodes in the remote environment is a major issue in WSN. Hence WSN needs a new energy efficient algorithm to enhance the network lifetime. In a sensor node, the transceiving module consumes more energy when compared to other modules. In this paper, a Battery Recovery based Lifetime Enhancement (BRLE) algorithm is discussed, which considers battery voltage curve for scheduling the transceiving module of the sensor nodes. The Markov model helps in determining the state of the sensor node as CH and CM based on battery recovery process. By scheduling the transceiving module based on the battery terminal voltage, recovery factor and distance between the nodes, the lifetime of the network is enhanced. Experimental results show that the algorithm outperforms the others by 1.38 times increased lifetime and 1.574 times increased throughput. The BRLE decreases the HOT SPOT and energy hole problem, avoiding loss in connectivity with the sink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant research has been devoted to reduce the energy consumption of mobile devices, but how to increase their energy supply has received far less attention. Moreover, reducing the energy consumption alone does not always extend the device operation time due to a unique battery property—the capacity it delivers hinges critically upon how it is discharged. In this paper, we propose B-MODS, a novel design of battery-aware mobile data service on mobile devices. B-MODS constructs battery-friendly discharge patterns utilizing the recovery effect so as to increase the capacity delivered from batteries while meeting data service requirements. We implement B-MODS as an application layer library on the Android platform. Our experiments with diverse mobile devices under various application scenarios have shown that B-MODS increases the capacity delivery from the battery by up to 49.5 percent, with which an increase in the user-perceived data service utilities of up to 28.6 percent is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The model of OPF in rabbits was duplicated to investigate the recovery effect of Xianlinggubao capsule on rabbits OPF．Methods Female rabbits， six months old， were randomly divided into an ovariectomized （OVX） group in which the rabbits were ovariectomized， and a SHAM group in which the rabbits were removed a part of fat with the amount equal to ovaries. 150 d after ovariectomy， the body and spine bone mineral density（BMD） decreased significantly， indicating that the osteoporosis model has established. After the osteoporotic model was successfully duplicated， the surgery of radial fracture was carried out. 36 rabbits were divided into three groups each with twelve rabbits: SHAM group，OPF model group and 300 mg/kg Xianlingubao capsule group，respectively. And every of the three groups was subdivided into two time phase sub-groups each with six rabbits， based on treatment with 300 mg/kg Xianlingubao capsule for 60 d and 120 d， respectively. In OPF rabbits，body and spine BMD analysis，combined with bone biomechanical properties， bone histomorphology observation method were carried out to detect the radial mechanical properties and bone fracture micro structure characteristics， and to evaluate Xianlinggubao capsule in treating rabbit OPF. Results After treatment for 60 d and 120 d，BMD of Xianlingubao capsule group is obviously higher than that of model group（P ＜0.01）；Xianlingubao capsule group had an increased the radial maximum load and energy absorption，but had no obvious effect on structure stiffness；the bone microstructure in the third lumbar spine has been restored by Xianlingubao capsule treatment. Conclusion Xianlinggubao capsule has a good recovery effect on rabbit OPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For perpendicular exchange-biased IrMn/Pt/ Co/Pt multilayers with bidomain state, double hysteresis loops (DHLs) are achieved. It is found that exchange bias field and coercivity in full loop and two subloops' training show different dependencies on the cycle number. Further studies show that the negative-biased (positive-biased) subloop measurement will influence training effect of the positive-biased (negative-biased) subloop, acting as a recovery process. This recovery procedure is different from the conventional ways, i.e., by applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the initial pinning direction or by leaving the sample alone for several days without any applied magnetic fields. This recovery effect can be explained by the re-rotation of antiferromagnet (AFM) spins after corresponding subloop magnetic moment reversal during the full loop measurement, which cannot happen during the subloop measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new battery simulator based on a hybrid model is proposed in this paper for dynamic discharging behavior and runtime predictions in existing electronic simulation environments, e.g., PSIM, so it can help power circuit designers to develop and optimize their battery-powered electronic systems. The hybrid battery model combines a diffusion model and a switching overpotential model, which automatically switches overpotential resistance mode or overpotential voltage mode to accurately describe the voltage difference between battery electro-motive force (EMF) and terminal voltage. Therefore, this simulator can simply run in an electronic simulation software with less computational efforts and estimate battery performances by further considering nonlinear capacity effects. A linear extrapolation technique is adopted for extracting model parameters from constant current discharging tests, so the EMF hysteresis problem is avoided. For model validation, experiments and simulations inMATLAB and PSIM environments are conducted with six different profiles, including constant loads, an interrupted load, increasing and decreasing loads and a varying load. The results confirm the usefulness and accuracy of the proposed simulator. The behavior and runtime prediction errors can be as low as 3.1% and 1.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]