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When those accused of being high-level perpetrators of human rights abuse die before publicly yielding their secrets in legal and archival arenas, victims may simultaneously express relief about the perpetrator’s demise and grief that, along with it, possible crucial information about the past is lost forever. Although the accused do not usually directly admit their actions and the teasing out of what actually happened is dependent upon the complex processes of cross-examination of their testimony and of records and other forms of evidence, victims project such moments of revelation onto the public act of holding accused perpetrators to account. In their deaths, the accused become forever from-now-on unavailable and thus unassailable evidence – in essence; they are transformed into imagined documents that can never be cross-examined. In this construction, the would-be testimony of perpetrators is given epistemological validity over that of victims, offering up the false and unfulfillable promise of establishing a singular truth. Complicating this scenario, however, is the increasingly open-ended hope offered to victims, judicial processes and historians alike by the application of new forensic methods, for example, in the examination of gravesides and humanremains, and by satellite footage, that are generating additional categories ofevidence. Using the juridical and archival legacies of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia and the Yugoslav Wars as case studies, this article argues that when perpetrators die before giving legal testimony, survivors and victims’ families construct them as unavailable documents with imaginary agency to settle competing versions of history. Such imagined documents enter into a complex landscape of human rights archives that has heretofore been exclusively focused on tangible evidence. First, this articleframes the case of Khmer Rouge leader Ieng Sary, charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes, who died before giving his testimony in a hybrid tribunal. In the face of diverse archival documentary evidence capable of presenting a more complete and complex picture of atrocities, it contemplates why survivors and victims’ family members placed high hopes on his potential testimony, essentially constructing him as a now-dead living document. Second, it explores a parallel case, that of the death of Slobodan Milošević while being tried by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and argues that the notion of a dead perpetrator as imagined document has less sway when the public has theopportunity to hear the perpetrator defend himself, regardless of the perpetrator’s own admission (or denial) of culpability. Third, it proposes the notion of imaginary documents. It argues that such imaginary documents challenge dominant conceptions of the evidentiary qualities of tangible records and the archival legacies of trauma by insisting on a more dynamic and holistic view of records that takes the affect of survivors and victims’ family members into account.

Different genes form complex networks within cells to carry out critical cellular functions, while network alterations in this process can potentially introduce downstream transcriptome perturbations and phenotypic variations. Therefore, developing efficient and interpretable methods to quantify network changes and pinpoint driver genes across conditions is crucial. We propose a hierarchical graph representation learning method, called iHerd. Given a set of networks, iHerd first hierarchically generates a series of coarsened sub-graphs in a data-driven manner, representing network modules at different resolutions (e.g., the level of signaling pathways). Then, it sequentially learns low-dimensional node representations at all hierarchical levels via efficient graph embedding. Lastly, iHerd projects separate gene embeddings onto the same latent space in its graph alignment module to calculate a rewiring index for driver gene prioritization. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we applied iHerd on a tumor-to-normal GRN rewiring analysis and cell-type-specific GCN analysis using single-cell multiome data of the brain. We showed that iHerd can effectively pinpoint novel and well-known risk genes in different diseases. Distinct from existing models, iHerds graph coarsening for hierarchical learning allows us to successfully classify network driver genes into early and late divergent genes (EDGs and LDGs), emphasizing genes with extensive network changes across and within signaling pathway levels. This unique approach for driver gene classification can provide us with deeper molecular insights. The code is freely available at https://github.com/aicb-ZhangLabs/iHerd. All other relevant data are within the manuscript and supporting information files.

The use of routinely collected electronic healthcare records (EHR) for outcome assessment in clinical trials has been described as a 'disruptive' new technique more than a decade ago. Despite this potential, significant methodological issues and regulatory barriers have hampered the progress in this area. This article discusses the key considerations that trialists should take into account when incorporating EHR into their trials. These include considerations of the clinical relevance of the outcome, data timeliness and quality, ethical and regulatory issues, and some practical considerations for clinical trials units. In addition, this article describes the benefits of using EHR which include cost, reduced trial burden for participants and staff, follow up efficiencies, and improved health economic evaluation procedures. We also describe the major regulatory and start up costs of using EHR in clinical trials. This article focuses on the UK specific EHR landscape in clinical trials and would help researchers and trials units considering the use of this method of outcome data collection in their next trial. If the issues described are mitigated, this method will be a formidable tool for conducting pragmatic clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the book Wild mammals of Myanmar (Tun Yin 1993) was published, a total of 252 mammal species were reported. Since that publication, numerous new species have been described, taxonomic revisions published, and additional distribution records produced that have expanded Myanmar's mammals considerably. Therefore, we aimed to provide an updated checklist of the mammals of Myanmar, which includes the scientific and common names, global and Myanmar distributions, remarks on taxonomy, and conservation information including the IUCN Red List status and legal protection status under The Conservation of Biodiversity and Protected Areas Law 2018 of Myanmar. Our new checklist includes 365 (33 marine and 332 terrestrial) mammal species belonging to 13 orders and 49 families. We also confirmed that Myanmar is home to at least nine endemic mammal species. Our results highlight the areas that require further exploration to gain a more comprehensive understanding of Myanmar's diverse fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The name of the Los Perros river alludes to the once abundance of otters in its bed. However, in the last six decades there are few systematic records and the information obtained between collaborators from different communities seemed to confirm the disappearance of the Neotropical otter in said ecosystem. In order to know the current status of the species in the area, from June 1 to 6, 2023, tours were carried out to obtain data that would allow evaluating and relating the characteristics and quality of the habitat with respect to its population abundance. At different points and covering almost nine kilometers, the track and photo-trapping records resulted in obtaining 84 excreta and 5 anal secretions that confirmed their presence in the tributary, and thus evaluated their abundance (1.3 otters/Km). A main objective is to obtain useful information that allows socializing and implementing various community conservation actions for the mustelid, whose importance in this and other regions of Mexico is not only biological, but also cultural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Capture-recapture methods estimate the size of hidden populations by leveraging the proportion of overlap of the population on independent lists. Log-linear modeling relaxes the assumption of list independence, but best model selection criteria remain uncertain. Incorrect model selection can deliver incorrect and even implausible size estimates. METHODS: We used simulations to model when capture-recapture methods deliver biased or unbiased estimates and compare model selection criteria. Simulations included five scenarios for list dependence among three incomplete lists of population of interest. We compared metrics of log-linear model selection, accuracy, and precision. We also compared log-linear model performance to the decomposable graph approach (a Bayesian model average), the sparse multiple systems estimation (SparseMSE) approach that accounts for zero or low cell counts, and the Sample Coverage approach. RESULTS: Log-linear models selected by Akaikes information criterion (AIC) calculated accurate population size estimates in all scenarios except for those with sparse or zero cell counts. In these scenarios, the decomposable graph and the Sample Coverage models produced more accurate size estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional capture-recapture model selection fails with sparse cell counts. This naïve approach to model selection should be replaced with the implementation of multiple different models in order triangulate the truth in real-world applications.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic functional urinary outflow tract obstruction (iFUOTO) is an uncommon but life-limiting disease whose etiology and clinical course of disease remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: Characterize signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, treatments, and propose a standardized response score for dogs with iFUOTO. ANIMALS: Thirty-one client-owned dogs diagnosed with iFUOTO. METHODS: Retrospective case series. Medical records from 2010 to 2021 were reviewed and findings recorded. Dogs were categorized based on the presence or absence of overt signs of neurological disease. Response to treatment was scored. RESULTS: Thirty-one dogs were included. All dogs had stranguria and 14 (45%) had overflow urinary incontinence. Mean age of onset for signs was 6.9 years±8 months. Twenty-four dogs (77%) were castrated males, 5 (16%) intact males, and 2 (6%) spayed females. Eight (26%) of dogs had overt neurological deficits. Follow-up data were available for 29 dogs (median 38 days, range: 2-1277). Final outcome scores were not significantly different among dogs with overt signs of neurological disease (median score 2.5; range: 0-3) and those without (median score 1; range; 0-3; P = .35). Treatments included alpha antagonists, skeletal muscle relaxants, parasympathomimetics, anti-inflammatories, castration, temporary placement of a urethral catheter, or a combination of these. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Multimodal treatment was frequently prescribed, but a standard outcome score is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these therapies. Serial neurological examinations and monitoring of the dogs dysuria are warranted.

Precise, scalable, and quantitative evaluation of whole slide images is crucial in neuropathology. We release a deep learning model for rapid object detection and precise information on the identification, locality, and counts of cored plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We trained this object detector using a repurposed image-tile dataset without any human-drawn bounding boxes. We evaluated the detector on a new manually-annotated dataset of whole slide images (WSIs) from three institutions, four staining procedures, and four human experts. The detector matched the cohort of neuropathology experts, achieving 0.64 (model) vs. 0.64 (cohort) average precision (AP) for cored plaques and 0.75 vs. 0.51 AP for CAAs at a 0.5 IOU threshold. It provided count and locality predictions that approximately correlated with gold-standard human CERAD-like WSI scoring (p = 0.07 ± 0.10). The openly-available model can quickly score WSIs in minutes without a GPU on a standard workstation.

AbstractIn the present paper, we provide the density-mass functions of record times and values obtained from samples of independent and non-identically distributed random variables. By making use of these density-mass functions, we then present a record generation algorithm for the non-identical case. This algorithm was first proposed in the paper of S. A. Petukhov and A. V. Stepanov (2023) Generation of records obtained from sequences of independent and non-identically distributed random variables. Vestnik St. Petersburg University, Mathematics 56 (4):540–8 in a more complicated form. The algorithm applies the Markovian property of records, which is known in the case when the initial observations are independent and identically distributed and which extends to the non-identical case. Later in the paper, we test the proposed algorithm by conducting simulation experiments with exponential and normal variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of the emergency referrals made by primary care clinicians and determine the factors contributing to inappropriate referrals. Methods: This crosssectional study utilises referral notes review between October 2019 and March 2020. Patients referred to Khawla Hospital's emergency department by a primary care clinician in Muscat Governorate were randomly selected; their referral notes were reviewed by five family physicians. The appropriateness of the referrals was evaluated according to the primary care referral protocol. Any referral that deviated from the protocol was classified as inappropriate. The prevalence and characteristics of inappropriate referrals were identified, and the factors contributing to inappropriate referral were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: In total, 591 referrals were reviewed; 354 (59.9%) of them were classified as inappropriate due to inadequate medical notes (291, 82.2%), lack of provisional diagnosis (176, 49.7%), misdirected to a non-concerned emergency (30, 8.4%) or misclassification of urgency (107 [30.2%] were classified as urgent and 45 [12.7%] as routine). After adjusting for multiple variables, insufficient clinical notes, unavailability of referral guidelines and lack of expertise were found to be strong determinants of inappropriate referral, with an odds ratio of 62.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.04-121.96), 2.88 (95% CI: 1.40-5.92) and 9.37 (95% CI: 4.09-21.43), respectively. Conclusion: While most of the referrals required emergency management, the majority were inappropriate, mainly due to insufficient clinical documentation. Inadequate clinical notes and lack of national guidelines and expertise were found to be strong predictors of inappropriate emergency referrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epistemic arrow of time is the fact that our knowledge of the past seems to be both of a different kind and more detailed than our knowledge of the future. Just like with the other arrows of time, it has often been speculated that the epistemic arrow arises due to the second law of thermodynamics. In this paper, we investigate the epistemic arrow of time using a fully formal framework. We begin by defining a memory system as any physical system whose present state can provide information about the state of the external world at some time other than the present. We then identify two types of memory systems in our universe, along with an important special case of the first type, which we distinguish as a third type of memory system. We show that two of these types of memory systems are time-symmetric, able to provide knowledge about both the past and the future. However, the third type of memory systems exploits the second law of thermodynamics, at least in all of its instances in our universe that we are aware of. The result is that in our universe, this type of memory system only ever provides information about the past. We also argue that human memory is of this third type, completing the argument. We end by scrutinizing the basis of the second law itself. This uncovers a previously unappreciated formal problem for common arguments that try to derive the second law from the "Past Hypothesis", i.e., from the claim that the very early universe was in a state of extremely low entropy. Our analysis is indebted to prior work by one of us but expands and improves upon this work in several respects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Korean wooden built heritage is periodically repaired due to inherent material characteristics that necessitate inevitable changes. This study delves into a detailed point-by-point displacement analysis of Korean wooden built heritage, both pre- and post-repair. Specifically, this study examines the displacement of key points before repair, immediately after repair, and after a four-year interval, focusing on the Sungryeoljeon Shrine in Namhansanseong, a designated World Heritage Site. While substantial changes were observed before and immediately after repairs were made, this study revealed minimal alterations during the subsequent four-year period. However, significant displacement is anticipated when future repairs become necessary. This study posits that accumulating records, which meticulously document these displacements in Korean wooden built heritage, is critical to ensuring the authenticity and sustainability of these historic architectural treasures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses special obligations for payment service providers as mandated by Article 17 of the Jahressteuergesetz 2022, integrating specific requirements outlined in Directive (European Union) into national law. It states that payment service providers are required to maintain records and report cross-border payments quarterly to the Federal Central Tax Office, contributing to the Central Electronic System of Payment Information aimed at enhancing Value-added tax fraud detection.

Genealogy necessitates historical records, the majority of which derive from government sources, despite families' "private" lives. State records weren't intended to service future family historians, but were a means to state-formation and power. Consequently, records used by family historians reflect statist concerns, not state subjects'. Genealogy databases and censuses were analyzed to determine how many derive from state sources. An individual, anecdotal example focused upon a US Census record illuminates genealogical insight and misunderstanding; despite relevance, interpretation problems confront family historians. Genealogical research is limited by modernity's governmentality and the state gaze, impacts generally under-acknowledged by the average family historian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advances in technology have birthed a new dimension to managing patient healthcare data from a brick-and-mortar principle to a digitized phase, while this new paradigm is appraised for its simplicity and efficiency, a critical subject of concern is system vulnerability, with the prevalence of insider attack and recurrent data breaches in the healthcare sector, a more nuanced approach is required to close the insider vulnerability incidences. Although several models have been proposed such as blockchain, biometrics, and firewalls, insider threats continue to gain momentum. Hence the adoption of the Zero Trust Model seeks to pacify these loopholes. Methods: Zero Trust model is founded on an access policy based on context and continuous user and device authentication and verification. To block lateral movement in system architecture, the ZTA proposes deduction engines as a panacea to patient data security. Results: Prior and current studies have suggested a more technical principle and philosophy in managing and securing patient data, the ZTA has been adopted in other domains and has remained an effective countermeasure in closing the data vulnerability gap. Our model is designed with a full-scale ZTA framework and as such combats the information security gaps. Conclusion: A new architecture for data security is proposed, and insight was drawn from the ZTA principle, with a combination of several technology tools, The adoption of this framework will help to mitigate the current lapses and provide a gateway to ZTA adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 12 October 2019, Kenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge became the first person to run a 'marathon', known as the INEOS 1:59 Challenge, in less than 2 hours in a time of 1:59:40.2. However, his time was not ratified as a world record by World Athletics. We not only explain why this phenomenal achievement was not recognized as a legitimate record but argue his sub 2-h 'marathon' run produced a meaningless 'record' because the feat was not part of a contest. His run was an experiment or time trial spectacle backed by the best scientists, technology, organizers, athletes, conditions, and media coverage money can buy. Four areas buttress our argument: the selective use of technology, the concept of a record, the distinction between a test and contest, and the meaning of a marathon. We conclude by presenting an account of what makes a marathon record meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the category of real-time artificial intelligence (AI) systems as applications of computerized control systems in dynamic, time-constrained contexts normally managed by human intelligence. Noting the accountability challenges which these systems introduce, the paper posits the need for robust documentation and records capacities within these systems. The paper surveys four real-time AI systems with significant records needs: autonomous vehicles, online content targeting systems, mixed-reality tools for surgical contexts, and digital twin systems in airport facilities management. The paper identifies paradata, or the data leading up to an output in a system's operation, as a key data category necessitating preservation for full transparency in the records generated by these systems. Paradata is defined as “information about the procedure(s) and tools used to create and process information resources, along with information about the persons carrying out those procedures.” Paradata uncovers opaque technological processes underlying the production of other datasets and at a granular level must be identified and preserved to delineate the boundaries between human and system agency in semi-autonomous systems. With a basis in control theory, the paper finally offers a framework for assessing the functions of real-time AI systems' operations and their documentation and records needs.

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Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There was documented election rigging in 1964, 1965, 1979, 1983, 1999, 2003, and now in 2023 in Nigeria. This paper presents practical information systems that can prevent non-citizens and underage voting by using agile records management and software designs. A fraudulent process cannot produce an honest leader. The study focuses on voter portal management. It entails improving voters' registration, accreditation, verification, and authentication. The study used a living-lab approach to design and present a snippet of codes as an example of how to configure a system for this process. Also, the software design employs the use of service-oriented design to model a sequence diagram to make some of the processes easy to understand. However, one major challenge was the issue of skill. There are a lot of gaps in the literature as many studies did not focus on the technical skills required to facilitate electronic voting systems (EVS). The study concluded that aligning innovative technologies, blockchain, and agile information systems designed with serviceoriented software methods will improve e-voting records management processes. The study recommended five necessary measures: Implement secure electronic voting with biometric authentication to prevent fraud; use machine learning to detect non-citizen and underage voters; use blockchain to store voting data securely and ensure transparency; regularly test the electronic voting system; and continuously innovate and improve the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The objectives of this research are to analyze: a) disaster records in the SISDC/PR system; b) the number of people affected and the inventory of financial damages, in the period from 2010 to 2020, in three of the main municipalities in the western mesoregion of Paraná. The research was carried out through data collection and documentary study, which identified 20 different types of disasters, between natural and technological. Of these, the most frequent were windstorms, floods, and hail. The economic losses were around BRL 372,046,631.73 and, concomitantly, 1,359,599 people suffered from the impacts of these disasters. From these records, risk and disaster management actions can be pointed out to increase the adaptive capacity of these municipalities to climate change and consequently reduce risks and disasters.

When those accused of being high-level perpetrators of human rights abuse die before publicly yielding their secrets in legal and archival arenas, victims may simultaneously express relief about the perpetrator’s demise and grief that, along with it, possible crucial information about the past is lost forever. Although the accused do not usually directly admit their actions and the teasing out of what actually happened is dependent upon the complex processes of cross-examination of their testimony and of records and other forms of evidence, victims project such moments of revelation onto the public act of holding accused perpetrators to account. In their deaths, the accused become forever from-now-on unavailable and thus unassailable evidence – in essence; they are transformed into imagined documents that can never be cross-examined. In this construction, the would-be testimony of perpetrators is given epistemological validity over that of victims, offering up the false and unfulfillable promise of establishing a singular truth. Complicating this scenario, however, is the increasingly open-ended hope offered to victims, judicial processes and historians alike by the application of new forensic methods, for example, in the examination of gravesides and humanremains, and by satellite footage, that are generating additional categories ofevidence. Using the juridical and archival legacies of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia and the Yugoslav Wars as case studies, this article argues that when perpetrators die before giving legal testimony, survivors and victims’ families construct them as unavailable documents with imaginary agency to settle competing versions of history. Such imagined documents enter into a complex landscape of human rights archives that has heretofore been exclusively focused on tangible evidence. First, this articleframes the case of Khmer Rouge leader Ieng Sary, charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes, who died before giving his testimony in a hybrid tribunal. In the face of diverse archival documentary evidence capable of presenting a more complete and complex picture of atrocities, it contemplates why survivors and victims’ family members placed high hopes on his potential testimony, essentially constructing him as a now-dead living document. Second, it explores a parallel case, that of the death of Slobodan Milošević while being tried by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and argues that the notion of a dead perpetrator as imagined document has less sway when the public has theopportunity to hear the perpetrator defend himself, regardless of the perpetrator’s own admission (or denial) of culpability. Third, it proposes the notion of imaginary documents. It argues that such imaginary documents challenge dominant conceptions of the evidentiary qualities of tangible records and the archival legacies of trauma by insisting on a more dynamic and holistic view of records that takes the affect of survivors and victims’ family members into account.

Recent research has widely emphasized the role of public written records and data-managing strategies in late-medieval governmental growth. The necessity to control information and to assure that a timely stream of news and communications circulated among the various components of a composite domain became central for princes and governments. Such a need was translated into new documentary techniques and archival organization by the endless work of many professionals at various territorial levels. However, the increasing recourse to recorded information was a multifaceted phenomenon. To better understand its complexity, the essay will investigate the intersection of spoken and written strategies of information-gathering and negotiation. Secondly, the paper will also take into account the ambivalent dynamics underlying the recording of the various means required not only to rule a composite territorial domain, but also to control its administrative, judicial and fiscal geography. Whereas the use of written records became the norm for the establishment of a new political order, that practice sometimes, and for different reasons, also contributed to preserving the memory of a different past. In order to adequately capitalize on late-medieval Italy's complexity, the essay will examine different records and different contexts. The examples will be taken from a set of composite polities in post-communal northern and central Italy (ranging from Milan to Florence or Mantua) which shared some common features, but which were also different in size, strength, ideological models and material constitution. The considered timespan will be a long Quattrocento going from the mid-fourteenth to the early sixteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commonly known as “sea spiders”, pycnogonids are a group of exclusively marine arthropods. In Mexico, 62 species of Pycnogonida have been reported from almost all the coastal Mexican states. This data is the result mostly of investigations carried out by foreigners and recent studies of sporadic collections focused on meiobenthos fauna. The aim of this paper is to disclose the samples of pycnogonids contained in the National Collection of Mites (CNAC), which was part of PhD. Anita Hoffmann’s collection and which was collected from two different locations in the Mexican Pacific by PhD. Federico Bonet in the 1940s. Three species were identified from the total of 20 specimens: Achelia sawayai (Montagu, 1808), Anoplodactylus californicus Hall, 1912, and Endeis cf. spinosa Marcus, 1940. For the first species, a record is added to the already known wide distribution. E. cf. spinosa was recorded for the first time in the Mexican Pacific, and for A. sawayai, records of its distribution in the country are expanded. Furthermore, the importance of biological collections as material sites for the recognition of biodiversity is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Over the years, anaesthetic practice has evolved, with attention paid to safety guidelines and quality assurance. This has resulted in reductions in anaesthesia-related complications. Objectives: This retrospective study examines surgical procedures and anaesthetic complications recorded in a tertiary hospital. Methodology: Anaesthetic records of all patients who had surgery during the study period were retrieved. The number of cases done by each surgical specialty, the anaesthetic techniques, and the anaesthetic complications encountered during anaesthesia and before discharge from the recovery room were recorded. Preoperatively, all patients were categorised according to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification. Cases were grouped according to surgical specialties. Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: Over a 2-year period, 1784 surgeries were conducted, General and Cardiothoracic surgeries accounted for the highest 354 (19.80%) and lowest 6 (0.30%) cases, respectively. The most common anaesthetic techniques employed were general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation 731 (43.00%), subarachnoid block 559 (32.90%), and general anaesthesia with facemask 190 (11.20%). Seventy five (4.20%) cases had complications, 19 (1.07%) had hypotension, 15 (0.84%) had delayed recovery from anaesthesia, 9 (0.50%) cases had cardiac arrests and 5(0.28%) had laryngeal. Death on the table occurred in 5 cases (0.28%), bronchospasm, local anaesthetic (LA) toxicity and also nausea and vomiting occurred in 3 cases (0.17%) respectively. Coughing and vomiting, hypoxia and post spinal shivering occurred in 2 cases (0.11%), while total spinal, apnoea, failed intubation, bradycardia, pulmonary oedema, extrapyramidal side effects of metoclopamide and shock occurred in 1 patient (0.06%) each. Conclusion: Hypotension, delayed recovery and cardiac arrest were the most common complications in our environment. There was no association between the ASA physical status and the occurrence of anaesthetic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Following the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine by Russia, millions of refugees have fled Ukraine for safety in neighbouring countries, including Poland. This movement of people has been facilitated by, and has produced, documentation that will have significant afterlives as evidence and memory. The records refugees have carried with them, the records they have made during flight, and the records created in their encounters with states and communities beyond their homeland, will be important in the prosecution of war crimes, the reconstruction of events, the reconstitution of communities and the protection of rights and entitlements. This article sets out the findings of a pilot study into the documentary experiences of Ukrainian refugees in Poland. Interviews conducted by and with Ukrainian refugees consider the removal of records, the documentation of the refugee experience, the documentary requirements of border crossings, and the informational requirements of life beyond the border. Although drawing on a limited study population, the research surfaces some significant issues related to the preservation of memory and culture, exclusionary and hostile government information systems, and research ethics. This article could help to inform archival solidarity with Ukraine; it underscores the need for trauma-informed archival research and practice; and finally suggests the need for a person-centered approach to this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To outline dispensing and administration practices in hospital pharmacy across the Gulf Cooperation Councils (GCC) countries’ hospitals. Paucity of data in appraising hospital pharmacy practice in GCC regions motivated us to conduct this study. Methods: A modified survey questionnaire was prepared from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacist (ASHP) survey questions. Three major domains of questions for general characteristics of the medication use process for dispensing and administration were identified. These were, (1) medication distribution system, and medication distribution technology, (2) technology used to compound sterile preparations, compounding I.V. medication and method of compounding nutrition support preparations, (3) medication administration practices, medication orders, medication administration records (MARs), and technician activities. A list of hospitals was obtained from the Ministry of Health of the targeted GCC countries. A secure invitation link containing a survey questionnaire was sent to the participants directly. Results: Sixty-four hospitals responded to this survey. The overall response rate was 52%. Most surveyed hospitals have centralized inpatient medications distribution system (75.0%). About 37.5% of hospitals used automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) in their patient care areas. Compounding sterile preparations in the pharmacy, barcode verification technology, workflow management technology, and robotic technology were used by 17.2%, 15.6%, and 4.7% of hospitals, respectively. In using safety technology for medication administration, almost all hospitals have partially or completely implemented an electronic health record (EHR). About 40.6% of hospitals used electronic medication administration records (e-MARs), 20.3% used bar-code-assisted medication administration (BCMA), and 35.9% used smart infusion pumps. Conclusion: The results of this survey revealed an opportunity to improve the medication use management process on dispensing and administration practices in hospitals in GCC countries.

The epistemic arrow of time is the fact that our knowledge of the past seems to be both of a different kind and more detailed than our knowledge of the future. Just like with the other arrows of time, it has often been speculated that the epistemic arrow arises due to the second law of thermodynamics. In this paper, we investigate the epistemic arrow of time using a fully formal framework. We begin by defining a memory system as any physical system whose present state can provide information about the state of the external world at some time other than the present. We then identify two types of memory systems in our universe, along with an important special case of the first type, which we distinguish as a third type of memory system. We show that two of these types of memory systems are time-symmetric, able to provide knowledge about both the past and the future. However, the third type of memory systems exploits the second law of thermodynamics, at least in all of its instances in our universe that we are aware of. The result is that in our universe, this type of memory system only ever provides information about the past. We also argue that human memory is of this third type, completing the argument. We end by scrutinizing the basis of the second law itself. This uncovers a previously unappreciated formal problem for common arguments that try to derive the second law from the “Past Hypothesis”, i.e., from the claim that the very early universe was in a state of extremely low entropy. Our analysis is indebted to prior work by one of us but expands and improves upon this work in several respects.

Korean wooden built heritage is periodically repaired due to inherent material characteristics that necessitate inevitable changes. This study delves into a detailed point-by-point displacement analysis of Korean wooden built heritage, both pre- and post-repair. Specifically, this study examines the displacement of key points before repair, immediately after repair, and after a four-year interval, focusing on the Sungryeoljeon Shrine in Namhansanseong, a designated World Heritage Site. While substantial changes were observed before and immediately after repairs were made, this study revealed minimal alterations during the subsequent four-year period. However, significant displacement is anticipated when future repairs become necessary. This study posits that accumulating records, which meticulously document these displacements in Korean wooden built heritage, is critical to ensuring the authenticity and sustainability of these historic architectural treasures.

Placements have been a long-standing practice of the Higher Education (HE) sector, including in the areas of libraries, archives, and records. The study investigates perceptions of placements amongst placement students, higher education program providers, placement host institutions, and accreditation bodies. A qualitative case study approach with individual semi-structure interviews as the means of data collection is employed. The research will facilitate and enable purposeful and effective student placement programs in the libraries, archives, and records sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although deep learning has been explored extensively for computer-aided medical imaging diagnosis in human medicine, very little has been done in veterinary medicine. The goal of this retrospective, pilot project was to apply the deep learning artificial intelligence technique using thoracic radiographs for detection of canine left atrial enlargement and compare results with those of veterinary radiologist interpretations. Seven hundred ninety-two right lateral radiographs from canine patients with thoracic radiographs and contemporaneous echocardiograms were used to train, validate, and test a convolutional neural network algorithm. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for determination of left atrial enlargement were then compared with those of board-certified veterinary radiologists as recorded on radiology reports. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 82.71%, 68.42%, and 87.09%, respectively, using an accuracy driven variant of the convolutional neural network algorithm and 79.01%, 73.68%, and 80.64%, respectively, using a sensitivity driven variant. By comparison, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity achieved by board-certified veterinary radiologists was 82.71%, 68.42%, and 87.09%, respectively. Although overall accuracy of the accuracy driven convolutional neural network algorithm and veterinary radiologists was identical, concordance between the two approaches was 85.19%. This study documents proof-of-concept for application of deep learning techniques for computer-aided diagnosis in veterinary medicine.