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This study was aimed at determining the effects of wheat gluten, corn gluten and soybean meal, incorporated into feed as protein sources, on the hepatic tissue of rats, based on the investigation of histopathological parameters (degeneration, inflammation, biliary hyperplasia and fat droplets), immunohistochemical parameters (transglutaminase, gliadin, IgA, IgG, CD4 and CD8), and the serum levels of hepatic enzymes [(aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)]. Three groups, referred to as Wheat Group, Group Corn and Group Soybean, were established, and were given high levels of wheat gluten, corn gluten and soybean meal as protein sources in the feed, respectively. The study material comprised forty–eight 20–day–old female Sprague Dawley rats. In the group, which received dietary wheat gluten, the hepatic tissue presented with numerically higher histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters on day 45 of the study, and numerically higher histopathological parameters on day 165 of the study (P>0.05). On day 165 of the study, when compared to Groups Corn and Soybean, Group Wheat displayed a significantly different level of sensitivity to immunohistochemical parameters (transglutaminase, gliadin, IgA, IgG, CD4 and CD8). It was determined that gluten significantly reduced the activity of the liver enzymes LDH and AST. In result, it was ascertained that rats, not carrying the genes HLA–DQ2 and DQ8, when fed on a ration incorporated with a high level of wheat gluten, displayed slightly affected hepatic tissue histopathological parameters and significantly increased immunohistochemical parameters (transglutaminase, gliadin, IgA, IgG, CD4 and CD8).

This study investigated the histopathological and immunohistochemical effect on the intestine and liver tissues with addition of the soybean meal (SBM), wheat Gluten meal (WGM) and Corn gluten meal (CGM) to rat diet. A total of 24 average twenty–day–old male rats (Wistar albino) were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 animals in each group (Control, Wheat and Corn groups). The diet provided to all three groups contained proteins, which were SBM, WGM and CGM in the Control, Wheat and Corn groups, respectively. In the study, the group fed with SBM was used as the Control group. Rats were fed a diet containing 22% crude protein and 2,598 kcal·kg-1 metabolic energy throughout the experimental period. The feeding trial was continued for a period of 50 days. Degenerative changes of varying severity in intestinal epithelial cells and atrophy in villi were observed. Similarly, the degenerative changes, especially vacuolar or hydropic degeneration were determined in hepatocytes. It was determined that the CD4 level were statistically significantly increased in the Wheat and Corn groups compared to the Control group (P

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol extract (RE) and curcumin extract (CE) added to diet on the serum biochemical parameters and hepatic enzyme levels as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) of broiler. A total number of 200, 0-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in the study. The animals were divided into 5 groups; the control group was fed only basal diet but groups RE-1, RE-2, CE-1 and CE-2 had 250 mg/kg RE, 500 mg/kg RE, 250 mg/kg CE and 500 mg/kg CE, respectively, added to their diets. At the end of the study, 10 randomly selected animals from each group were slaughtered and blood was taken from the vena jugularis and used in the analysis. In the examinations, it was determined that the serum creatinine level in the group RE-1 and the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) level increased significantly in the group CE-2 group. In addition, it was determined that the albumin/globulin ratio in the RE-2 group, and the magnesium (Mg) level increased significantly in the RE-1 and RE-2 groups. It was found to be statistically similar in all groups that serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK), ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, amylase, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels. As a result, it was observed that the additives applied did not have an effect on serum hepatic enzymes and partially affected other routine biochemical parameters.

Bu çalışma, Japon Bıldırcınlarının (Coturnix coturnix japonica) beyaz ve kahverengi iki farklı varyetesinde, bazı zoometrik ölçümler ve canlı ağırlıkların, karşılaştırmalı olarak belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bunun için aynı beslenme ve çevre şartlarında barındırılan, beyaz ve kahverengi varyetelerinden 30'ar (15 erkek, 15 dişi), toplam 60 adet, altı haftalık yaştaki bıldırcında, canlı ağırlıklar ve on iki farklı vücut ölçümüne ait değişkenler değerlendirilmiştir. Altı haftalık yaştaki ortalama canlı ağırlıklar açısından literatür bildirimlerinin birçoğuna göre daha yüksek değerler elde edilmekle birlikte bu çalışmada karşılaştırılan iki renk varyetesi açısından herhangi bir fark görülmezken, dişiler erkeklerden istatistiki olarak anlamlı olacak şekilde daha ağır bulunmuştur. İstatistiki anlamlılıkların elde edildiği zoometrik ölçümlerden kafa genişliği, gaga uzunluğu, gaga genişliği, sternum uzunluğu, bacak uzunluğu ve kanat uzunluğu açısından beyaz bıldırcınlar kahverengi olanlardan daha yüksek değerlere sahip olurken cinsiyete göre ise canlı ağırlık, vücut uzunluğu, göğüs çevresi ve tarsus çevresi değişkenlerinde dişiler daha yüksek değerler almışlardır. Altı haftalık yaştaki Japon bıldırcınlarının canlı ağırlıkları ile kafatası uzunluğu, beden uzunluğu, sternum uzunluğu, orta parmak uzunluğu, kanat uzunluğu, göğüs çevresi ve tarsus çapı değişkenleri arasında pozitif korelasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. Bıldırcın yetiştiriciliğinin yaygınlaşması için tüketiminin artması gerçeği göz önüne alındığında, insanların beslenmede bıldırcınları tercih etmelerini sağlayacak unsurlar üzerinde daha kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması önerilebilir.

Abstract This study was aimed at determining the effects of corn and wheat glutens on the histopathological and immunohistochemical structure of the ovarian tissue, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and lipid profile in rats. Twenty-day-old 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three groups, and were raised until 185 days of age. Three study groups, named as Wheat, Corn and Soybean Groups, were established and fed on wheat gluten, corn gluten and soybean meal, respectively, as a protein source. At the end of the trial, ovarian tissue specimens and serum samples were taken from the animals, and analyzed. Compared to Soybean Group, in Wheat Group, of the ovarian histopathological parameters investigated, values pertaining to the primordial, primary, secondary, and Graafian follicles and corpora lutea (CL) were numerically smaller, and for the immunohistochemical parameters investigated, in the transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), gliadin, IgA, IgM, CD4 and CD8 were immunopositivity higher (P>0.05). It was determined that, in Wheat Group, ovarian tissue LH levels had significantly decreased, whilst serum FSH levels had significantly increased (P

The aim of this study was to determine the effects on some serum parameters of wheat and corn gluten diet, which is also a high protein source. A total of 24 male rats aged 20 days and divided into 3 groups, each containing 8 rats were used in the study. The majority of the protein content in the diet of soybean meal as a Control group; in the diet of wheat gluten as a Wheat group; in the diet of corn gluten as a Corn group were composed. At the end of the study, blood samples taken from all animals were analysed. In the study, serum glucose, TP, urea, creatinine and BUN levels were found to be significantly decreased in Corn group compared to Wheat group. Serum ALT levels were similar with the Control and Wheat groups, but it was found to be significantly decreased in the Corn group. Serum AST levels were significantly lower in the Corn group. Serum GGT levels were significantly lower in both Corn and Wheat groups compared to Control group. Serum Ca and P levels were similar with all groups, whereas Mg levels were significantly decreased in Wheat and Corn groups compared to the Control group. As a result, it can be said that corn gluten added to the diet has more positive effects than wheat gluten in terms of both liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT and GGT) and renal parameters (Urea and BUN).

Abstract While the role of cytokines in celiac disease has been investigated in detail, cytokine release in the event of the exposure of healthy subjects to glutens has only recently been studied. This study was aimed at determining the effects of corn and wheat glutens, incorporated as protein sources into the diet, on serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and the immunohistochemical distribution of CD3 and CD8 receptors in the small intestine in male rats. The study material comprised 24 twenty-day-old male Wistar albino rats, which were randomly assigned in equal numbers to three groups (2 rats/replicate and 4 replicates/group). The feed rations provided to all three groups contained high levels of proteins, which were soybean meal, corn gluten and wheat gluten in the control, corn and wheat groups, respectively. The in Control, Corn and Wheat groups serum IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha levels respectively 55.83 - 46.37; 81.65 - 61.95 and 81.65-61.31 was determined but these differences were statistically insignificant. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a mathematical increase to have occurred in the distribution of the CD3 and CD8 receptors in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples of the corn and wheat groups. In result, based on the findings obtained in this study, we suggest that the long-term feeding of rats on high levels of gluten causes systemic adverse effects.

Bu çalışma, etlik piliç rasyonuna ilave edilen fukoksantinin serumda lipid profili ve bazı metabolik parametreler üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada toplam 180 adet günlük erkek civciv (Ross 308) kullanılmıştır. Deneme 42 gün sürdürülmüştür. Gruplandırma Kontrol (K), F1 ve F2 grupları şeklinde yapılmıştır ve gruplara bazal rasyona ilave olarak sırasıyla 0, 100 ve 200 mg/kg rasyon fukoksantin katılmıştır. Biyokimyasal analizler çalışmanın sonunda (43. gününde) her gruptan 10 adet hayvandan alınan serum numunelerinde yapılmıştır. Fukoksantin uygulamasının sadece F2 grubunda serum trigliserit (TG) seviyesini arttırdığı, total kolesterol (TK), yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-K) ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (LDL-K) seviyelerini etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Serum glikoz, kalsiyum, fosfor ve magnezyum seviyelerinin tüm gruplarda benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir. F2 grubunun total protein ve albümin seviyeleri K grubuna benzer olurken F1 grubuna göre önemli düzeyde azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca F2 grubunun ürik asit seviyesinin K grubuna göre önemli düzeyde azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak fukoksantinin serum parametrelerini sınırlı düzeyde etkilediği görülmüştür.