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Identifying narratives in texts is a challenging task, as not only narrative elements such as the factors and events have to be identified but their semantic relation has to be explained as well. Despite this complexity, an effective technique to extract narratives from texts can have a great impact on how we view political and economical developments. By analyzing narratives, one can get a better understanding of how such narratives spread across the media landscape and change our world views as a result. In this paper, we take a closer look into a recently proposed definition of a collective economic narrative that is characterized by containing a cause-effect relation which is used to explain a situation for a given world view. For the extraction of such collective economic narratives, we propose a novel pipeline that improves the RELATIO-method for statement detection. By filtering the corpus for causal articles and connecting statements by detecting causality between them, our augmented RELATIO approach adapts well to identify more complex narratives following our definition. Our approach also improves the consistency of the RELATIO-method by augmenting it with additional pre- and post-processing steps that enhance the statement detection by the means of Coreference Resolution and automatically filters out unwanted noise in the form of uninterpretable statements. We illustrate the performance of this new pipeline in detecting collective economic narratives by analyzing a Financial Times data set that we filtered for economic and inflation-related terms as well as causal indicators. Die Identifizierung von Narrativen in Texten ist eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, da nicht nur narrative Elemente wie Akteure und Ereignisse identifiziert werden müssen, sondern auch ihre semantische Beziehung erklärt werden muss. Trotz dieser Komplexität kann eine effektive Technik zur Extraktion von Erzählungen aus Texten einen großen Einfluss darauf haben, wie wir politische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen betrachten. Durch die Analyse von Narrativen kann besser verstanden werden, wie sich solche Narrative in der Medienlandschaft verbreiten und dadurch unsere Weltanschauung verändern. In dieser Analyse wird eine kürzlich vorgeschlagene Definition eines kollektiven Wirtschaftsnarrativs ("Collective economic narrative") näher betrachtet, welche sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass es eine Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehung enthält, die zur Erklärung einer Ereigniskette für eine bestimmte Weltsicht verwendet wird. Für die Extraktion solcher kollektiver Wirtschaftsnarrative schlagen wir eine neuartige Pipeline vor, die die RELATIO-Methode zur Erkennung von Textaussagen verbessert. Durch das Filtern des Korpus nach kausalen Artikeln und das Verbinden von Aussagen durch die Erkennung von Kausalität zwischen ihnen, erweitert unsere Methode den Umfang der RELATIO-Methode, um komplexere Erzählungen gemäß unserer Definition zu identifizieren. Unser Ansatz verbessert auch die Konsistenz der RELATIO-Methode, indem sie mit zusätzlichen Vor- und Nachverarbeitungsschritten erweitert wird, die die Erkennung von Aussagen durch Auflösen von Referenzstrukturen ("Coreference Resolution") verbessern und unerwünschtes Rauschen in Form von uninterpretierbaren Aussagen automatisch herausfiltern. Wir veranschaulichen die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser neuen Pipeline zur Erkennung kollektiver Wirtschaftsnarrative anhand der Analyse eines Datensatzes der Financial Times, den wir nach wirtschafts- und inflationsbezogenen Begriffen sowie nach kausalen Indikatoren gefiltert haben.

We report a 39-year-old male with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage without hydrocephalus, in whom a right choroidal aneurysm was early excluded by endovascular coil insertion. Intracranial pressure (PIC) and cerebral oxygenation (PtiO2) sensors for neuromonitoring were installed due to a persistent comatose state. From the 3rd day, neuromonitoring became altered. CT angiography and cerebral angiography showed severe proximal and distal vasospasm (VE) of the middle (ACM) and anterior (ACA) right cerebral arteries. VE was treated with angioplasty and intravenous nimodipine. Forty eight hours later, despite hemodynamic maximization, neuromonitoring became altered again, mainly explained by a decrease in PtiO2 below 15 mmHg. A severe VE in ACM and right ACA was confirmed by angiography. Given the presence of an early and recurrent VE, which was associated with a decrease in cerebral oxygenation, internal carotid micro-catheters for continuous nimodipine infusion were installed. This therapy maintained a normal neuromonitoring for 15 days. During this period, attempts were done to decrease or discontinue the infusion, but the patient presented parallel falls of cerebral oxygenation or decreased cerebral perfusion observed with perfusion CT, interpreted as persistent VE. Finally, the infusion was stopped at day 15 without significant complication. We conclude that intra-arterial nimodipine continuous infusion in refractory VE can be useful and safe in selected patients. Multimodal neuromonitoring is essential.

There is growing awareness within the economics profession of the important role narratives play in the economy. Even though empirical approaches that try to quantify economic narratives are getting increasingly popular, there is no theory or even a universally accepted definition of economic arratives underlying this research. First, we review and categorize the economic literature concerned with narratives and work out the different paradigms that are at play. Only a subset of the literature considers narratives to be active drivers of economic activity. In order to solidify the foundation of narrative economics, we propose a definition of collective economic narratives, isolating five important characteristics. We argue that, for a narrative to be economically relevant, it must be a sense-making story that emerges in a social context and suggests action to a social group. We also systematize how a collective economic narrative differs from a topic and from other kinds of narratives that are likely to have less impact on the economy. With regard to the popular use of topic modeling as an empirical strategy, we suggest that the complementary use of other canonical methods from the natural language processing toolkit and the development of new methods is inevitable to go beyond identifying topics and be able to move towards true empirical narrative economics. In den Wirtschaftswissenschaften wächst das Bewusstsein für die wichtige Rolle, die Narrative in der Wirtschaft spielen. Obwohl empirische Ansätze zur Quantifizierung ökonomischer Narrative immer beliebter werden, gibt es keine Theorie oder gar eine allgemein akzeptierte Definition von wirtschaftlichen Narrativen, die dieser Forschung zugrunde liegen. Zunächst sichten und kategorisieren wir daher die ökonomische Literatur, die sich mit Narrativen beschäftigt, und arbeiten die zugrunde liegenden Paradigmen heraus. Nur eine Teilmenge der Literatur betrachtet Narrative als aktive Triebkräfte der Wirtschaftstätigkeit. Um das Fundament der narrativen Ökonomik zu festigen, schlagen wir eine Definition kollektiver ökonomischer Narrative vor und isolieren fünf wichtige Merkmale. Wir argumentieren, dass ein Narrativ nur dann wirtschaftlich relevant ist, wenn es eine sinnstiftende Geschichte ist, die in einer sozialen Umgebung entsteht und eine soziale Gruppe zum Handeln animiert. Wir systematisieren auch, wie sich ein kollektives ökonomisches Narrativ von einem Thema und anderen Arten von Narrativen unterscheidet, die wahrscheinlich weniger Einfluss auf die Wirtschaft haben. Im Hinblick auf die populäre Verwendung der Themenmodellierung als empirische Strategie schlagen wir vor, dass die ergänzende Verwendung anderer kanonischer Methoden aus dem Werkzeugkasten der Computerlinguistik und die Entwicklung neuer Methoden unumgänglich sind, um über die Identifizierung von Themen hinauszugehen und sich in die Richtung echter empirischer narrativer Ökonomik zu bewegen.

This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators of the SMR-type (surface mounted resonator) with highly c-axis oriented Al 0.8 Sc 0.2 N thin-films. Various filter topologies have been demonstrated for high frequencies with sharp roll-off, wide bandwidth BW and low insertion loss IL (rel. 3dB-BW up to 9% and min. IL of 0.9 dB to 1.5 dB at 2350 to 2550 MHz). Furthermore, the challenges regarding the integration of $\mathrm{Al}_{1-\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{Sc}_{\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{N}$ for n79 applications (4400 to 5000 MHz) are indicated. The demonstrations show promising results regarding acoustic-only filters at 5G frequencies.

The integration of multiple bands and higher power standards lead to enhanced interference problems and make higher attenuation levels in next-gen RF-Front-Ends necessary. This paper introduces an all-pass based BAW filter design concept for notch, band-stop and band-pass filter topologies to indicate the possibilities and the impact of key parameters like material electromechanical coupling factor $k_{eff}^2$, piezoelectric material quality factor Q m and inductor losses Q L . This work outlines the concept and design aspects. Also various examples will be proposed to show the main benefits of this approach.

Applications using BAW devices benefit from large intrinsic electromechanical coupling materials, e.g. Al 1-x Sc x N. This work reports BAW-SMRs using high piezoelectric Al 1-x Sc x N and investigates the relations between Sc content, crystal morphology and resonator RF performance. Finally, key requirements for high quality Al 1-x Sc x N thin-film growth are analyzed and discussed examplary for x = 20at.-%.

We report a 39-year-old male with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage without hydrocephalus, in whom a right choroidal aneurysm was early excluded by endovascular coil insertion. Intracranial pressure (PIC) and cerebral oxygenation (PtiO2) sensors for neuromonitoring were installed due to a persistent comatose state. From the 3rd day, neuromonitoring became altered. CT angiography and cerebral angiography showed severe proximal and distal vasospasm (VE) of the middle (ACM) and anterior (ACA) right cerebral arteries. VE was treated with angioplasty and intravenous nimodipine. Forty eight hours later, despite hemodynamic maximization, neuromonitoring became altered again, mainly explained by a decrease in PtiO2 below 15 mmHg. A severe VE in ACM and right ACA was confirmed by angiography. Given the presence of an early and recurrent VE, which was associated with a decrease in cerebral oxygenation, internal carotid micro-catheters for continuous nimodipine infusion were installed. This therapy maintained a normal neuromonitoring for 15 days. During this period, attempts were done to decrease or discontinue the infusion, but the patient presented parallel falls of cerebral oxygenation or decreased cerebral perfusion observed with perfusion CT, interpreted as persistent VE. Finally, the infusion was stopped at day 15 without significant complication. We conclude that intra-arterial nimodipine continuous infusion in refractory VE can be useful and safe in selected patients. Multimodal neuromonitoring is essential.

Early identification of vasospasm prior to symptom onset would allow prevention of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (DCA) is a noninvasive means of assessing cerebral blood flow regulation by determining independence of low-frequency temporal oscillations of systemic blood pressure (BP) and cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV).Eight SAH patients underwent prospectively a median of 7 DCA assessments consisting of continuous measurements of BCFV and BP. Transfer function analysis was applied to calculate average phase shift (PS) in low (0.07-0.2 Hz) frequency range for each hemisphere as continuous measure of DCA. Lower PS indicated poorer regulatory response. DCI was defined as a 2-point decrease in Glasgow Coma Score and/or infarction on CT.Three subjects developed symptomatic vasospasm with median time-to-DCI of 9 days. DCI was significantly associated with lower PS over the entire recording period (Wald = 4.28; p = 0.039). Additionally, there was a significant change in PS over different recording periods after adjusting for DCI (Wald = 15.66; p = 0.001); particularly, a significantly lower mean PS day 3-5 after bleed (14.22 vs 27.51; p = 0.05).DCA might be useful for early detection of symptomatic vasospasm. A larger cohort study of SAH patients is currently underway.

We report a 39-year-old male with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage without hydrocephalus, in whom a right choroidal aneurysm was early excluded by endovascular coil insertion. Intracranial pressure (PIC) and cerebral oxygenation (PtiO2) sensors for neuromonitoring were installed due to a persistent comatose state. From the 3rd day, neuromonitoring became altered. CT angiography and cerebral angiography showed severe proximal and distal vasospasm (VE) of the middle (ACM) and anterior (ACA) right cerebral arteries. VE was treated with angioplasty and intravenous nimodipine. Forty eight hours later, despite hemodynamic maximization, neuromonitoring became altered again, mainly explained by a decrease in PtiO2 below 15 mmHg. A severe VE in ACM and right ACA was confirmed by angiography. Given the presence of an early and recurrent VE, which was associated with a decrease in cerebral oxygenation, internal carotid micro-catheters for continuous nimodipine infusion were installed. This therapy maintained a normal neuromonitoring for 15 days. During this period, attempts were done to decrease or discontinue the infusion, but the patient presented parallel falls of cerebral oxygenation or decreased cerebral perfusion observed with perfusion CT, interpreted as persistent VE. Finally, the infusion was stopped at day 15 without significant complication. We conclude that intra-arterial nimodipine continuous infusion in refractory VE can be useful and safe in selected patients. Multimodal neuromonitoring is essential.

Una riflessione sui luoghi della fruizione collettiva del caffè e sulla potenziale capacità dell’architettura di raccontare un prodotto e la sua complessità (chimica, storica, di gusto e di lavorazione). L’architettura degli interni in particolare, predisponendo lo spazio per la sua degustazione, può narrare il ruolo di un sapore nella cultura materiale di un’epoca e quanto di immateriale questo sapore evoca grazie anche alle forme che lo ospitano. C’è un legame, forse trascurato ma inscindibile, tra il gusto inteso come senso deputato a percepire e riconoscere i sapori e l’accezione - che ne deriva - di 'gusto' come capacità di intendere e riconoscere il bello e, per estensione, di 'gusto' come insieme di preferenze, tendenze, orientamenti e miti propri della cultura di un’età o di un periodo. Questa articolazione di sensi si riverbera nei luoghi del gusto e nella loro architettura: interni che sono un concentrato o, società e di un’epoca. A reflection on places to collectively enjoy coffe, along with the potential ability of architecture to describe a product and its complexity (its chemistry, history, flavour and processing). Interior architecture in particular, by providing the space for tasting, can narrate the role of taste in the material culture of an era and the immaterial things this taste evokes, also thanks to the forms that host it. There is a bond, perhaps overlooked but inseparable, between taste understood as the sense that perceives and recognizes flavours and the meaning that ensues, namely, taste as the capacity to understand and recognize the beautiful and, by extension, taste as a set of preferences, trends, guidelines and myths, belonging to the culture of an age or period. This division of senses reverberates in places of taste and in heir architecture: interiors which are a concentrate of the asethetic culture of a society and an era.

Purpose To determine the intra- and interrater agreement of mean flow velocity (MFV) and pulsatility index (PI) measurement in middle cerebral arteries, assessed by transcranial Doppler (TCD) with M-mode. Methods Masked experienced neurosonologists performed TCD with M-mode using handheld probe in healthy adult volunteers. The Bland–Altman method for concordance and intraclass correlation coefficient were used. Results Seventy-seven healthy volunteers and seven raters participated (3 on regular TCD shift and 4 off-shift). The intrarater absolute mean difference between measurements was 5.5 cm/s [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.7–6.3] for MVF and 0.073 (95% CI, 0.063–0.083) for PI. The difference between MFV measurements was significantly higher in off-shift raters ( p =0.015). The interrater absolute mean difference between measurements was 6.5 cm/s (95% CI, 5.5–7.5) for MVF and 0.065 (95% CI, 0.059–0.071) for PI. No influence was found for the middle cerebral artery side, volunteer's sex, or age, and there was no significant difference between raters. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 82.2% (95% CI 77.8–85.6) and 72.9% (95% CI 67.4–77.6) for MFV and PI, respectively. Conclusions There exists good intra- and interrater agreement in MFV and PI measurements using M-mode TCD. These results support the use of this noninvasive tool and are important for clinical and investigational purposes.