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Distributional semantic representations were used to investigate crossmodal correspondences within language, offering a comprehensive analysis of how sensory experiences interconnect in linguistic constructs. By computing semantic proximity between words from different sensory modalities, a crossmodal semantic network was constructed, providing a general view of crossmodal correspondences in the English language. Community detection techniques were applied to unveil domains of experience where crossmodal correspondences were likely to manifest, while also considering the role of affective dimensions in shaping these domains. The study revealed the existence of an architecture of structured domains of experience in language, whereby crossmodal correspondences are deeply embedded. The present research highlights the roles of emotion and statistical associations in the organization of sensory concepts across modalities in language. The domains identified, including food, the body, the physical world and emotions/values, underscored the intricate interplay between the senses, emotion and semantic patterns. These findings align with the embodied lexicon hypothesis and the semantic coding hypothesis, emphasizing the capacity of language to capture and reflect crossmodal correspondences' emotional and perceptual subtleties in the form of networks, while also revealing opportunities for further perceptual research on crossmodal correspondences and multisensory integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Miscelánea: A Journal of English & American Studies is the property of Miscelanea: A Journal of English & American Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies on representations of feminism have seldom addressed the variance across social media platforms, leaving the underlying dynamics that shape feminist portrayals within this important digital context unexamined. This research contrasts representations of feminism on Weibo and Zhihu, China's leading microblogging and question-and-answer platforms, using a corpus-based method. Employing Sketch Engine, I extracted and analyzed noun bigrams containing feminism from self-compiled corpora to explore the similarities and distinctions in representation. The results indicate that both platforms predominantly portray feminism as seeking female privilege via radical and aggressive approaches, despite Weibo's emphasis on methods and Zhihu's on purposes. In addition, the Weibo discourse more frequently presents feminism as an emerging social movement and employs a greater variety of distinguishing attributes to describe the movement. The findings reveal a shared public perception of feminism, while also highlighting the influence of distinct user demographics and platform architectures. This research augments the current literature by identifying the varied representations of feminism on different social media platforms and providing novel insights into its perception within the Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the concept of embracing failure in writing, advocating for rapid completion of rough drafts and the acceptance of imperfections. Topics include the initial exploration and playful creation of first drafts, the liberating realization that first drafts don't need to be perfect, and the transformative process of revision where raw material is shaped into a cohesive narrative.

The article discusses the pervasive influence of white Christian supremacy in higher education, tracing its historical roots and contemporary manifestations, and advocating for critical frameworks to address its systemic impacts. Topics include critiquing existing research, policies, and practices for Christian hegemonic practices, promoting religious pluralism in all aspects of academia, and ensuring equitable representation and inclusion of marginalized voices in campus discussions.

This article is an interview with linguist Gary Libben, who discusses his career in psycholinguistics and his interest in the study of the lexicon. He reflects on the cognitive revolution in the 1980s and the importance of case studies in understanding linguistic principles. The author also discusses their own experience in studying the lexicon and the relationship between theoretical linguistics and psycholinguistics. The text concludes with a discussion on the sociological factors that influence the advancement of science and the future of research in understanding language. [Extracted from the article]

In search of the timeless sacred, Jean Lorrain shows a true obsession with the various manifestations of mythology, as well as the controversial symbols it presents. Indeed, there are many works in which he gives an account of this incessant search to respond to the existential premises that define the world and the birth of Humanity. As a travel chronicler, touring the Mediterranean – this blue immensity – allows him to go towards the Other, define his mythological divinity and at the same time capture the immemorial quintessence that can be divined in him. Valencia, Barcelona, Venice and other cities of the Maghreb will be the beacons that direct him towards the goddess Astarte, torch of the city of Cádiz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive Linguistics, as an expanding discipline in language study, delves into language as a mental phenomenon, presenting a holistic approach that integrates linguistic and cognitive elements. Unlike traditional linguistics, which scrutinizes syntactical patterns, word structures, grammar rules, phonology, semantics, and lexical meanings, Cognitive Linguistics offers a comprehensive model that interweaves various closely connected theories. This study seeks to elucidate the manifestations of Cognitive Linguistics in language, providing scholars with a discerning analysis of existing theories. Furthermore, employing methods of descriptive and comparative analysis, this study aims to demonstrate the impact of Cognitive Linguistics on language processing and acquisition. It highlights its significance in second language acquisition while elucidating the underlying mental processes involved. The paper offers a succinct overview of this evolving discipline, encapsulating its unique characteristics within the encompassing term Cognitive Linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the prevalence of acedia and moral unconsciousness in the 21st century, examining their causes and manifestations, such as increased secularization, anxiety, and technological advancements. Topics include the symptoms of acedia, the theological insights of St. Thomas Aquinas, and the impact of pervasive technological rationality on spiritual well-being.

The article introduces a new perspective on the iconic-symbolic spectrum, focusing on the semantic rules governing representation. Topics include the contrast between iconic and symbolic rules, their manifestation in different orders of representational complexity, and the proposal's implications for addressing challenges in the study of iconicity and symbolism.

Disabled Vietnam veteran activist Ron Kovic second memoir Hurricane Street (2016) has not garnered the same widespread recognition and readership as Born on the Fourth of July (1976) despite addressing a significant event in disabled veterans’ political history—namely, a hunger strike. The uneven popularity between the two memoirs underscores the existing gap between culturally normalized practices of doing politics among the disabled veterans’ community. While disabled veteran activists have a long history of weaponizing their bodies to express antiwar political statements, hunger strikes have not been a commonly utilized tactic in their activism or remain limited to isolated cases, resulting in a scattered and fragmented understanding of this form of protest. The paper aims to clarify the untapped potential of hunger strikes as a means of political expression for disabled veteran activists. Specifically, it aims to investigate the role of the hunger strike in Kovic’s Hurricane Street, exploring its potential and limitations in helping him navigate the complexities of his war disability. Drawing on Banu Bargu’s theories of necroresistance, this paper argues that Kovic’s protest is a life-affirming manifestation of defiance against the state injustice and an awakening of public consciousness. By delving into Kovic’s experiences and the impact of his hunger strike, this study sheds light on the intersection of disability, activism, and personal identity within the veteran community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sándigo, Ábner. An Approach to Language in the Landscape of Reality. In this article I ask what position language occupies in the realist metaphysical structure proposed by Xavier Zubiri, assuming the consequences of his radical critique of representational thinking. To this end I explore the boundaries of the thesis that states that there is only one reality, while circling back primarily to the Basque philosopher's considerations about language in On Man, as well as the conceptual relations that he posits between language, mentality and intellection schemes in this work and in On Essence. I tentatively conclude that language is the realization of content in the deployment of logos by means of intellection schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay compares the poetic and political theories of contemporary philosopher Giorgio Agamben with the poetry of Wallace Stevens in order to outline a dynamic of 'inoperativity' that foregrounds the intimate relationship between language, form and an existential expression of possibility. Through a reading of Stevens's prose essays and poetry, I demonstrate how Agamben's reconceptualization of potentiality as a power kept in a non-relational relationship towards its formal realization can be mapped onto the self-conscious articulations of Stevens's poetic speakers who employ poetic tropes and forms only to question and expose their claims to truth and foundationality. Rather than follow a tradition of poststructuralist readings of Stevens's destabilizations, I argue for a framework of 'inoperativity' that preserves Stevens's poetic attitude towards life, while showing how his emphasis on potentiality delineates an imaginative vigour that brings the poetic self into renewed attunement with his or her environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although logical settings are typically concerned with tracking alethic considerations, frameworks exist in which topic-theoretic considerations—e.g., tracking subject-matter or topic—are given equal importance. Intuitions about extending topic through a propositional language are generally straightforward for extensional cases. For a number of reasons, arriving at a compelling account of the subject-matter of intensional operators—such as intensional conditionals—is a more difficult task. In particular, the framework of topic-sensitive intentional modals (TSIMs) championed by Francesco Berto and his collaborators leave the topics of intensional formulae undefined, which artificially constricts the expressivity of the theory. This paper proposes an approach to fill in this lacuna, emphasizing an analogous problem in Parry-style containment logics. In this setting, the approach receives a proof-of-concept through the introduction of a natural and general family of subsystems of Parry's PAI —with sound and complete axiomatizations—that allow a fine degree of control over the topics of intensional conditionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When you are indifferent between two options, it's rationally permissible to take either. One way to decide between two such options is to flip a fair coin, taking one option if it lands heads and the other if it lands tails. Is it rationally permissible to employ such a tie-breaking procedure? Intuitively, yes. However, if you are genuinely risk-averse—in particular, if you adhere to risk-weighted expected utility theory (Buchak in Risk and rationality, Oxford University Press, 2013) and have a strictly convex risk-function—the answer will often be no: the REU of deciding by coin-flip will be lower than the REU of choosing one of the options outright (so long as at least one of the options is a nondegenerate gamble). This turns out to be a significant worry for risk-weighted expected utility theory. I argue that it adds real bite to established worries about diachronic consistency afflicting views, like risk-weighted expected utility theory, that violate Independence. And that, while these worries might be surmountable, surmounting them comes at a price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, taking pictures has become a daily process facilitated by the popularization of technology, as opposed to how slow it was in the past. Either way, this human manifestation is positioned as part of the historical memory of a society. But, how are photography and historical memory linked to determine its importance and choose its conservation? This is precisely the question that will be tried to answer in the analysis that follows. It is concluded that photography plays a prominent role as a historical memory that affects the collective imagination and serves as visual evidence that deserves to be preserved in archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues for the value of post-performance workshops in extending the memories of theatre for young people. It examines research that investigated the 'impact' of touring theatre for young people in regional settings through discussion of two contemporary productions, 'I Call My Brothers' and 'Melbourne Talam'. The workshop methodology explores student's complex negotiations of place, subjectivity and belonging by individually and collectively re-assembling the dramaturgy of each production. By activating theatre memories, it suggests young people practise modes of spectatorship in which they recover knowledge of 'self and other' in relation to broader cultural and political questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how lexical bundles link smaller functional units (steps) in research article (RA) conclusions in hard and soft science knowledge fields by using corpus-based and corpus-driven approaches. RA conclusion corpora from the hard and soft sciences were compiled and four-word lexical bundles were extracted from each corpus. Conclusions containing lexical bundles were then imported into the UAMCorpus tool for manual tagging of functions, structures, moves, and steps associated with lexical bundles. It has been found that the four-word bundles play an important role in realizing the communicative purpose of the functional units in RA conclusions in both the hard and soft sciences. The results demonstrate that the resultative lexical bundle (e.g. the findings of the) is a strong indicator of the conclusions in both soft and hard sciences. Specific bundle structures and functions are identified as signalling different steps of the conclusions. The findings of this study add to the growing body of knowledge regarding the bundle–move connections and contribute to the construction of the RA conclusions in different disciplinary cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Chinese Language Teaching is the property of Clifford Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses a newly created platform of online courses covering a range of digital humanities methods and asks what the assortment of courses demonstrate about the nature of digital humanities (DH). The role of methods in defining the field of "digital humanities" is reviewed, followed by description of the educational platform itself – Digital Methods Platform for Arts and Humanities (DiMPAH) – before reflecting on what the ensemble of courses reveal about digital humanities in practice. Themes emerging from this reflection include: the division between research-driven and collection-driven initiative; the situatedness of methods; and the persistent role of disciplinary knowledge matters. The paper concludes by what the platform – produced by scholars from across Europe – along with the methods and use cases presented therein suggest about future stories for the continent through DH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning in the 1970s and culminating in the fi rst two decades of the 21st century, there has been a marked shift in the sciences from a predominantly reductionist and mechanistic approach to a broader and more holistic viewpoint. It goes without saying that such a shift in point of view will have signifi cant implications, not only for the sciences but for our concepts of nature and of human beings. The present essay is an attempt to assess the signifi cance of this change in the focus of the sciences and to describe the nature of its components. Originally, it had a far more limited scope, that of comparing two of the parts of the new nonreductionist stance: brain plasticity and biological systems theory. Unfortunately, my understanding of one of these factors (systems theory) turned out to be incorrect, while the section on brain plasticity was incomplete. The result of this dual realization is an essay of far greater scope, taking in both new developments in the sciences far beyond that of plasticity, and reassessing the content and impact of systems theory, which is greater than I had thought. I will begin with a study of systems theory, dealing fi rst with the unexpected mathematics which made its present status possible. Then I will deal with its history, which reaches back over a century. One of the confusions into which we are liable to fall is to fail to distinguish the old systems theory from the new. This is even more likely because the two versions of the theory have many features in common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Rubén Quiroz Avila analyzes academic neo-Eurocentrism and its discursive strategy of concealing and delegitimizing the argument of the Peruvian transbaroque. The author argues that in Peru, different literary systems coexist, with the traditional Spanish system being dominant. The transbaroque, although part of a hegemonic sector, questions cultural heterogeneity and conformity to the market. On the other hand, Spanish scholar José Antonio Paniagua García criticizes decoloniality and the emancipatory project of the Peruvian transbaroque, considering them essentialist and a patriotic invention. Paniagua argues that the transbaroque anthology is a reterritorialization that seeks to establish an official canon. In his second article, Paniagua criminalizes transbaroque and equates it with other baroque forms of Latin American poetry. The text criticizes the transnational perspective in the study of Latin American literature, arguing that it does not refer to specific aesthetic phenomena of the region. The author also questions the homogeneity of national identity and the influence of the metropolitan canon in the theorization of the Peruvian transbaroque. The existence of a supposed "kidnapping" of the semantic horizons of other literary appearances in Latin America is mentioned. The author uses the Journal of Literary Criticism and the Iberoamerican/Vervuert publishing house to launch his arguments from the Spanish academy and address a specific readership. The text criticizes the position of critic Paniagua regarding the concept of transbaroque and its relationship with decoloniality. It is argued that Paniagua confuses and distorts the concepts, and that his Eurocentric vision does not understand the diversity of indigenous epistemes in Latin America. Furthermore, his accusation that the transbaroque has kidnapped concepts from other Latin American poetic proposals is criticized. The importance of recognizing the historical context and political violence in transbaroque production is emphasized. The text discusses the fundamental difference between transbaroque and its Parisian counterparts, highlighting its emergence in Peru during the colonial era as a reformulation of the Iberian baroque. Despite the historical evidence, Paniagua characterizes the transbaroque in a hostile and aggressive manner as a manipulative operation of Latin American neobaroque. The text also mentions the Peruvian literary tradition and its connection to indigenous baroque, dismantling the fallacies constructed by Paniagua. The importance of recognizing otherness and questioning the hegemonic literary canon is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Tekst i Dyskurs is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When COVID-19 swept the world at the end of 2019, it changed life as we knew it. With about 600 million positive cases (both recovered and active) and approximately 6.5 million deaths due to the disease, people worldwide have been affected physically, psychologically, economically, and socially by the pandemic. Amid such difficult times, @FacesofCovid--a Twitter account with more than 150,000 followers--was launched in March 2020 with the mission of honoring the lives of those lost to COVID-19 instead of presenting them as mere statistics. The account is a demonstrative example of the mourning genre as primarily exhibited through concise tweets grieving the deceased. As such, it offers a novel case of a public online mourning platform through microblogging, an understudied research area that merits further examination. A self-built corpus of 280,536 words was built from more than 7,000 tweets on the public account. The analysis presented in this paper focused on how people are constructed in the language of their loved ones as they are mourned through these tweets. Drawing on insight from van Leeuwen's social actor representation and corpus linguistics, the analysis was conducted using the #LancsBox corpus processing software package. The findings indicated that gender asymmetry persists within this corpus. Therefore, this paper adds to the rich body of literature documenting gender imbalance across different genres and domains. Men are far more present than women and are constructed through functionalization for the most part, whereas women are less functionalized and represented primarily through relational identification. In light of this, it is argued that while sometimes, gender asymmetry can intentionally be ideologically loaded and may serve hidden agendas, at other times, it may inherently and subconsciously be passed on through spontaneous language use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pascale Casanova's assertion that a world-literary author "embodies and reactivates [their] whole literary history, carrying this 'literary time' with [them] without even being fully conscious of it" resonates with Namwali Serpell's work. This essay places her acclaimed The Old Drift into dialogue with Andrea Masiye's Before Dawn —a foundational Anglophone novel published in the 1970s by NECZAM (The National Educational Company of Zambia). I argue that Serpell's text reactivates a local novelistic history not only through its cosmopolitan utopianism, but also via specific aspects of its narrative form. Rather than exemplifying the de-realization of the novel as a genre on the African continent (and vice versa), The Old Drift arguably functions as a conduit of literary connection and realization. The novel enables an imagination of a world-literary system in which forms capable of being labeled "African" are not merely discursively present or absent, but drift across unevenly connected segments of global literary circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English & Cultural Studies is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CCE Departamento de Pos-Graduacao em Lingua Englesa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper surveys the strategies that the Contrastive, Typological, and Translation Mining parallel corpus traditions rely on to deal with the issue of target language representativeness of translations. On the basis of a comparison of the corpus architectures and research designs of the three traditions, we argue that they have each developed their own representativeness strategies: (i) monolingual control corpora (Contrastive tradition), (ii) limits on the scope of research questions (Typological tradition), and (iii) parallel control corpora (Translation Mining tradition). We introduce normalized pointwise mutual information (NPMI) as a bi-directional measure of cross-linguistic association, allowing for an easy comparison of the outcomes of different traditions and the impact of the monolingual and parallel control corpus representativeness strategies. We further argue that corpus size has a major impact on the reliability of the monolingual control corpus strategy and that a sequential parallel control corpus strategy is preferable for smaller corpora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Challenges of the Future / Izzivi Prihodnosti is the property of Fakulteta za Organizacijske Studije v Novem mestu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To overcome native-speakerism, we must acknowledge the present entanglements we are in, envisage a future that provides unrestricted agencies for all, and so finally release this historical shackle that binds us. Trans-speakerism is an alternative ideology to combat native-speakerism that champions diversity, equity, and inclusion while attempting to validate and empower all stakeholders in ELT—regardless of their speakerhoods. This article undertakes a holistic exploration of native-speakerism and trans-speakerism by researching how these ideologies are understood, observed in practice, and considered to impact the educational and professional lives of students, teachers, and researchers. Via narrative interviews, I gathered data from 26 participants in Japan, consisting of 2 junior high school teachers, 6 senior high school teachers, 7 master's students, 3 PhD students, 3 novice university professors, and 5 veteran university professors. Through an analysis of the data, I unearthed multifaceted interpretations of native-speakerism and trans-speakerism, a plethora of ways they are manifested in practice, and the complex ramifications these have had upon the participants' idiosyncratic identities, contexts, and careers. The findings urge us to adopt trans-speakerism as a catalyst for change within our ELT field. The article concludes by offering practical recommendations and empirical insights for how to do this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Already at a relatively early stage, modern sign language linguistics focused on the representation of (actions, locations, and motions of) referents (1) through the use of the body and its different articulators and (2) through the use of particular handshapes (in combination with an orientation, location, and/or movement). Early terminology for (1) includes role playing, role shifting, and role taking and for (2) classifier constructions/predicates and verbs of motion and location. More recently, however, new terms, including enactment and constructed action for (1) and depicting signs for (2) have been introduced. This article provides a brief overview of the history of enactment and depiction in the sign linguistic literature but mainly focuses on issues related to terminology (and terminology shifts). First, we consider the relation between role shifting and constructed action. We question the idea that these terms can be used interchangeably and rather suggest that they capture different, but related functions. Subsequently, we zoom in on the conceptualization of depicting signs, indicating verbs, pointing signs and fully lexical signs and the relation between these signs and the method of depicting. Where earlier research often associates depicting with the use of specific types of structures, we promote the idea that depicting is a semiotic diverse practice. In doing so, we show that the conceptualization of the different sign types and the terms that are used to refer to these phenomena do not accurately capture the way these signs are used in actual signed discourse and propose a reconceptualization of the different sign types in the lexico-grammar of Flemish Sign Language (VGT) as composite signs that can describe, depict and indicate meaning in various ways. In this way, this article illustrates (1) the risks that may come with the execution of terminology shifts and (2) the importance of making a clear distinction between form and function, i.e., we show that it is important to be careful with assuming a (too) exclusive relation between a certain function and one or more particular forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding human language is one of the key themes of artificial intelligence. For language representation, the capacity of effectively modeling the linguistic knowledge from the detail-riddled and lengthy texts and getting ride of the noises is essential to improve its performance. Traditional attentive models attend to all words without explicit constraint, which results in inaccurate concentration on some dispensable words. In this work, we propose using syntax to guide the text modeling by incorporating explicit syntactic constraints into attention mechanisms for better linguistically motivated word representations. In detail, for self-attention network (SAN) sponsored Transformer-based encoder, we introduce syntactic dependency of interest (SDOI) design into the SAN to form an DOI SAN with syntax-guided self-attention. Syntax-guided network (SG-Net) is then composed of this extra SDOI-SAN and the SAN from the original Transformer encoder through a dual contextual architecture for better linguistics inspired representation. The proposed SG-Net is applied to typical Transformer encoders. Extensive experiments on popular benchmark tasks, including machine reading comprehension, natural language inference, and neural machine translation show the effectiveness of the proposed SG-Net design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is Dalit literature? How are Dalit women represented in Dalit literature? Is there any difference between Dalit male writing and Dalit female writings? The present paper proposes to focus on questions like these, with special reference to a short story titled Chauti Bhint (The Fourth Wall). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite Simmel's idea of a secondary qualitative significance of money, the paradigmatic figure of the "financial aristocrat" (Geldaristokrat), owner of a great amount of money, is conditioned by the external reality, the technical intellectualisation and the quantitative reduction of life contents. The problematic nature of such an expression lies in the fact that Simmel, like Nietzsche, sees a strong opposition between money culture (Geldkultur) and the aristocratic ideal (Vornehmheitsideal). However, such an expression seems rather fitting to the contemporary phenomenon of the emergency of cryptocurrencies, that can be considered as the actualisation of Simmel's "perfect money". Thus, it is hypothesised an aristocratic-cosmopolitan consideration of the miners as guarantors of perfectly desubstantialised money where the connection between money and technology comes to a hybridisation. Starting from these considerations and taking into account the importance of the financial aristocrat in Simmel's framework, a phenomenological observation of the XXI century Geldkultur could be put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines that in History and Class Consciousness, Georg Lukács describes mediation as a lever with which to overcome the mere immediacy of the empirical world stressing that as such it is not something foisted on to objects from outside but rather the manifestation of their authentic objective structure.

The article explores the idea of understanding another person's movements and experiences through energetic and sensorial contact, rather than simply analyzing their outer manifestations. Topics include considered in a class at Rose Bruford College, students explored intimacy, personal space, touch, and consent through movement exercises that involved navigating the boundaries of personal space.

Conceptual analysis as traditionally understood can be improved by allowing the use of a certain kind of empirical investigation. The conceptual analysis in which the kind of empirical investigation in question is used can be called "empirical conceptual analysis". In the present inquiry, I provide a systematic exposition of empirical conceptual analysis, so understood, considering what exactly empirical conceptual analysis is, the different kinds of empirical conceptual analysis, and the main application of the method within philosophy. It can be defined as a method that consists in drawing a conclusion about the semantic application conditions of a predicate on the basis of observation of the manifestations of semantic intuitions. The different kinds of empirical conceptual analysis are distinguished according to the way the manifestations of semantic intuitions are observed. The main application of the method is solving conceptual disputes – situations in which different competent speakers of a language disagree about the semantic application conditions of a predicate from that language, and their disagreement is caused by the fact that they have different semantic intuitions about that predicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the core issues where interpreters of Kant disagree concerns his alleged Noumenalism—the claim that the objects of our experience, which are in space and time, are underpinned by entities that are not spatio-temporal and that non-spatio-temporally cause our representations of empirical objects. Although there is much textual evidence in favour of Noumenalism, non-Noumenalists have also gathered a significant number of philosophical and exegetical challenges to such a reading of Kant. I present a novel way of understanding the Noumenalist view, which characterises the distinction between appearances and things in themselves as the distinction between referents and truthmakers. I show that, on this interpretation of Kant, the most pressing problems for the Noumenalist reading are primarily based on equivocations between features of reference and features of truthmaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple realization occurs when a natural kind is variably realized at more basic levels and the common physical structure of the realizers is not essential for supporting nomological statements. It has been suggested that this phenomenon may be an outcome of natural selection acting over multiple realizers that perform an adaptive function. In this paper, we make the following contributions. First, we present a revision of this model, characterized by stricter equilibrium conditions and superior explanatory power. Second, we present a typology of multiple realization that provides a plausible account of the differences between across- and within-species multiple realization. Third, we perform a formal analysis of the dynamics of multiple realization that sheds light on the differences between multiple realization at different levels of organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article sheds new light on the usage constraints of be able to, by combining empirical evidence from the British National Corpus (BNC, Davies 2004–) with theoretical insights on the semantics–pragmatics interface. First, we show that be able to does not, contrary to the general assumption, express only 'ability' but it shares most of the root meanings usually associated with the possibility modals can and could (Coates 1983: 124). The data analysis shows that what is called 'opportunity' in Depraetere & Reed's (2011) taxonomy is the most frequent meaning of be able to. We then turn to the notion of actualisation, which is often claimed to be the main distinguishing feature between be able to and can/could. The qualitative analysis of the BNC dataset provides the empirical evidence, lacking in previous research, for the claim that actualisation is indeed a defining property of the modal periphrastic form. Starting from a reassessment of the semantics–pragmatics interface in terms of a fourfold distinction, we argue that actualisation is a generalised conversational implicature and constitutes conventional pragmatic meaning (that is, conventional non-truth-conditional meaning). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early Sino-Western contact was through the way in which religion and language interact to produce language contact. However, research on this contact is relatively limited to date, particularly in the realm of English language materials. In fact, there is a paucity of research on Western religions in English Language Teaching (ELT) textbooks. By applying corpus linguistics as a tool and the Critical Discourse Analysis as the theoretical framework, this manuscript critically investigates the significant semantic domains in ten English language textbook series that are officially approved and are widely used in Chinese universities. The findings suggest that various Western religious beliefs, which are the highly unusual topics in previous Chinese ELT textbooks, are represented in the textbook corpus. The results also show that when presenting the views and attitudes toward Western religious beliefs, these textbooks have adopted an eclectic approach to the material selection. Surprisingly, positive semantic prosody surrounding the concept of religion is evident and no consistent negative authorial stance toward religion is captured. Atheism has been assumed to be in the center of Chinese intellectual traditions and the essence of the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party. Interestingly, the findings from this study provide a new understanding of Chinese foreign language textbooks in the new era, and its addition to the literature on the study of ELT textbooks, as well as its development worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]