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Supplemental material, Supplementary_Materials for Dose prescription in SBRT for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: are we all speaking the same language? by Anna Merlotti, Pierluigi Bonomo, Riccardo Ragona, Marco Trovò, Filippo Alongi, Rosario Mazzola, Riccardo Vigna Taglianti, Luca Gianello, Alessia Reali, Fabrizio Bergesio, Francesco Lucio, Alberto Boriano, Adriano De Maggi and Elvio Russi in Tumori Journal

Purpose/Objectives: The TRANSLATE project started in 2016 to test the immune effects of metronomic cyclophosphamide, daily low-dose IL-2 every other week, and a single flash of radiotherapy (RT) in peripheral blood. The rationale is based on self vaccination induced by radiotherapy (RT) 8 Gy single fraction on one metastatic lesion, T cells expansion by IL-2 treatment and selective Tregs down regulation by lowdose cyclophosphamide administration. Materials/Methods: We enrolled patients with end-stage breast, colon, kidney and prostate cancer. Analysis was performed at baseline, the day after RT, after 28 days from treatment start and at disease progression. Assay focused on Tregs, CD8+, NK, MDSC, CD3-PD1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL- 6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17a, TNFα, IFNγ, TGFβ. We divided patients into two groups depending on the time of disease progression (A > 3 months; B, < 3 months). We report preliminary data with the aim to show the changes observed post-RT in 20 pts. Results: At baseline, group B had higher rates of CD3-PD1, higher IL-2, IL-13, TNFα, and TGFβ; group A had higher IFN γ, IL-4, and IL-12. After RT, we observed a difference between the two groups in the rates of CD3-PD1 (lower in group B) and Tregs (higher in group A). Among cytokines, only TNFα reached a statistical significance (higher in group B). We also observed that TGFβ and IL-6 were higher in group B and IFNγ was higher in group A. The longitudinal analyses showed that CD3-PD1 remained stable between basal and post-RT in group A but decreased in group B. Tregs marginally increased in group A. TNFα, TGFβ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12 increased in group B. IL-4 decreased in group A and IL-6 and IL-12 also marginally decreased in the same group. IFNγ slightly increases in group A. Discussion: The limited number of patients reduced the interpretation of the study. However, following RT a positive trend of Th2 cytokines is observed in patients with early progressing disease, without the expected surge of IFNγ that was instead observed in patients with better outcome. Additional analyses are in progress and will be presented., Proceedings on Cancer-Immuno-Oncology, Vol 1 No 1 (2018)

Medial arterial calcification is common in patents with chronic renal disease. It is unknown which is the most common type of vascular calcification in tibial arteries. The aim of this study was to detect and classify the most common vascular calcification in tibial arteries in chronic renal disease patients, using vascular ultrasound.

Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the minor salivary glands occurring in the fifth and sixth decade with a 2:1 female predominance. The nasal cavity is involved in less than 1% of cases. The incidence of clinically recognisable pituitary adenoma is 15 cases/million/year. The prevalence of non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is estimated to be 70-90 cases/million. Both types of adenoma represent 20-45% of pituitary tumours.The report describes the first case of PLGA associated with NFPA, both incidentally diagnosed. Three months after the exeresis of the NFPA using a trans-sphenoidal approach, an endoscopic resection of the PLGA was performed. No recurrence was observed during a 13 months follow-up.Complete surgical excision is the preferred management for PLGA. Radiotherapy has not been demonstrated to be effective in treating PLGA. The prognosis is good with a very low rate of metastasis and local recurrence.