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Camptoptera (Eofoersteria) Mathot, 1966. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Mimalaptus Noyes & Valentine, 1989. Not illustrated.

Nesopatasson Valentine, 1971. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Bocacciomymar (Boccacciomymar) Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy, 2007. Not illustrated.

Acmotemnus Noyes & Valentine, 1989. Not illustrated.

Dicopomorpha (Dicopomorpha) Ogloblin, 1955. Malaysia, Sabah. Figs A22a–c, B 21a–c (D. echmepterygis Mockford), C22, D22a,b, E21a,b, F21a,b., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

This is the first in a series of studies that aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera), a monophyletic family of small parasitic wasps that are postulated as the sister group of other Chalcidoidea. The external cranial morphology of 65–75 genera and subgenera of Mymaridae (fairyflies) is described and illustrated with almost 430 scanning electron micrographs, including 73 micrographs of the anterior, 68 of the posterior, 75 of the dorsal, 75 of the lateral, and 67 of the ventral views of the head, plus 71 micrographs of the ventral view of the mouthparts. Twenty-one annotated figures illustrate the terms used for morphological structures. Two appendices list the 64 morphological terms and 5 measurements that are defined and illustrated, and the 116 currently recognized valid genera and subgenera of Mymaridae, including collection localities for those that are illustrated. Discussion of head morphology characteristic of Mymaridae is preceded by an overview that includes discussion of best practices for taxonomic descriptions and why these and accurate identifications require well preserved and imaged specimens. Aspects of intraspecific variation, colour, secondary sexual dimorphism, setation (chaetotaxy), surface sculpture and morphometrics are also treated as all of these are often important for describing and distinguishing species. Many of the features illustrated have not previously been used in Mymaridae systematics but may prove to be useful for helping to identify and describe genera and species.

Neserythmelus Noyes & Valentine, 1989. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Platyfrons Yoshimoto, 1990. Costa Rica, San José, San José. Figs A57, B 53, C58, D59, E53, F55., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Gahanopsis Ogloblin, 1946. Costa Rica, San José, San José. Figs A32, B31, C33, D33, E31, F31 (all G. deficiens (Ogloblin))., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Boudiennyia Girault, 1937. Australia, New South Wales, Dorigo National Park. Figs A10, B10, C10, D10, E10, F10., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Tanyxiphium Huber, 2015 Tanyxiphium Huber 2015: 13 (key), 57���58, 59 (key to world species). Type species: Tanyxiphium seychellense Huber, by original designation. Diagnosis and distribution. See Huber (2015). Hosts. Unknown., Published as part of Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Aishan, Zhulidezi & Huber, John T., 2020, Description of the male of Tanyxiphium harriet (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with new distribution records and synonymy, pp. 105-112 in Zootaxa 4896 (1) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4359370, {"references":["Huber, J. T. (2015) World reclassification of the Gonatocerus group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 3967 (1), 1 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3967.1.1"]}

Erdosiella Soyka, 1956. Venezuela, Aragua, Henri Pittier National Park. Figs A26a, A26b, B 25, C26, D26a, D26b, E25a, E25b, F25a,b., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Narayanella Subba Rao, 1976. Hong Kong, Kowloon; Vietnam, 20 km S. Dalat; Nepal, Pokhara. Figs A45, B42, C46, D46, E42, F42., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Palaeoneura (Chaetomymar) Ogloblin 1946; subgenus synonymized by Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy (2007) and still treated as a synonym here. Hawaiian Islands, Oahu I., Maunawili trail. Figs A54, B50, C55, D56, E50, F52 (all P. sophoniae (Huber))., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Polynema (Polynema) Haliday, 1833. Canada. Figs E54, F56., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

EUBRONCUS Yoshimoto, Kozlov & Trjapitzin, 1972 (Figs 137���146) Eubroncus Yoshimoto, Kozlov & Trjapitzin, 1972: 879. Type species: Eubroncus orientalis Yoshimoto, Kozlov & Trjapitzin, 1972, by original designation. Stomarotrum Yoshimoto, Kozlov & Trjapitzin, 1972: 881. Type species: Stomarotrum prodigiosum Yoshimoto, Kozlov & Trjapitzin, 1972, by original designation. Synonymy by Triapitsyn & Huber, 2000: 603. Diagnosis. Head strongly produced anteriorly, in lateral view almost triangular (Fig. 142); face with rectangular projection between toruli (Fig. 138); female antenna with funicle segments mostly shorter than wide (Fig. 137); mandibles as long as head height, projecting anteriorly and not crossing medially (Fig. 142); hind wing relatively wide with bluntly rounded apex (Fig. 139); protibial spur comb-like, with numerous setae. Discussion. Eubroncus belongs to the Cleruchus group of genera. In the Afrotropical region this group also includes Cleruchoides, Cleruchus, and Platystethynium. Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy (2002) first mentioned Eubroncus for the region. It is most similar to the extralimital Anagroidea Girault; both are probably best placed as a subgroup in the Cleruchus group of genera. Afrotropical hosts. Unknown. Distribution. No species described for the Afrotropical region. Specimens from Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Republic of the Congo, and Uganda were examined (CAS, CNC, UCRC). Important references. Jin & Li (2014), Triapitsyn (2018a [world key to species])., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2021, Illustrated key to the genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in the Afrotropical region, pp. 1-166 in Zootaxa 5036 (1) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5036.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5502952, {"references":["Yoshimoto, K. M., Kozlov, M. A. & Trjapitzin, V. A. (1972) A new subfamily of the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 51 (4), 878 - 885. [in Russian, English translation: Entomological Review, 51, 521 - 525]","Triapitsyn, S. V. & Huber, J. T. (2000) Family Mymaridae. In: Lehr, P. A. (Ed.) Key to the Insects of Russian Far East. Vol. IV. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt. 4. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 603 - 614. (In Russian).","Triapitsyn, S. V. & Berezovskiy, V. V. (2002) Review of the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of Primorskii krai: genera Anagroidea Girault and Eubroncus Yoshimoto, Kozlov et Trjapitzin. Far Eastern Entomologist, 114, 1 - 17. https: // www. biosoil. ru / Files / FEE / 00000151. pdf","Jin, X. - X. & Li, C. - D. (2014) First record of Eubroncus (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) from China, with description of three new species. ZooKeys, 399, 29 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys / 399.6996","Triapitsyn, S. V. (2018 a) An annotated checklist of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Taiwan, with descriptions of five new species. Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research, 67 (2), 113 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.6156 / JTAR. 201806 _ 67 (2). 0002"]}

Richteria Girault, 1920. Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra; South Australia, Brookfield Conservation Area. Figs A63, B 59, C 65, D65, E58, F61., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Krokella Huber, 1993. Costa Rica. A40a, A40b, C41a,b, D41, E37a,b, F37a,b., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

PARANAPHOIDEA Girault, 1913 (Figs 217���221) Paranaphoidea Girault, 1913: 115. Type species: Paranaphoidea egregia Girault, 1913, by original designation. Idiocentrus Gahan, 1927: 35. Type species: Idiocentrus mirus Gahan, 1927, by original designation. Synonymy by Lin et al., 2007: 43. Diagnosis. Face with subantennal sulci (Fig. 217); ocelli not delimited by stemmaticum (Fig. 221); back of head with curved transverse groove separating occiput from gena/postgena (Fig. 220); female antenna with clava 3-segmented (Fig. 218) or 2-segmented (Fig. 221); frenum divided medially by longitudinal suture; ovipositor extending anteriorly under mesosoma anterior to level of head (Fig. 221). Discussion. Paranaphoidea belongs to the Anagrus group of genera. In the Afrotropical region the Anagrus group also includes Allanagrus, Anagrus, Dorya, Omyomymar and Schizophragma. Paranaphoidea is distinguished from the other genera in the group by the ovipositor and sheaths in a gastral sac projecting anteriorly under the mesosoma as far as or beyond the level of the head. Afrotropical hosts. Unknown. Important reference. Huber & Triapitsyn (2017)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2021, Illustrated key to the genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in the Afrotropical region, pp. 1-166 in Zootaxa 5036 (1) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5036.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5502952, {"references":["Girault, A. A. (1913) Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea II. Supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 2, 107 - 129. [https: // www. nhm. ac. uk / resources / research-curation / projects / chalcidoids / pdf _ X / Giraul 913 ae. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9562","Gahan, A. B. (1927) Miscellaneous descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera with some synonymical notes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 71, 1 - 39, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.71 - 2676.1","Lin, N. - Q., Huber, J. T. & La Salle, J. (2007) The Australian genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa, 1596 (1), 1 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1596.1.1","Huber, J. T. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2017) Two genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) new to Africa, a remarkable new species of Anaphes and new generic synonymy. ZooKeys, 658, 39 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 658.11569"]}

Genus Paracmotemnus Noyes & Valentine (Figs. 198–204) Paracmotemnus Noyes & Valentine, 1989: 42. Type species: Paracmotemnus potanus Noyes & Valentine, by original designation. Diagnosis. Paracmotemnus belongs to the Cleruchus group of genera (not the Australomymar group, as classified by Noyes and Valentine, 1989). It is distinguished from other genera in the group as follows: mandible with one or two large ventral teeth and a wide dorsal tooth bearing 5–6 apical serrations. Clava usually 3-segmented (Fig. 203) but sometimes 1-segmented (Fig. 204). Fore wing not parallel-sided (except in shortwinged forms), with numerous microtrichia on membrane, and venation extending at least half wing length (Figs. 198, 202). Ovipositor arising in basal half of gaster. Fore leg as in Fig. 199. Male flagellum 10- or 11- segmented (Fig. 201) and genitalia as in Fig. 200. Body length. 485–822 µm. Distribution. Australia and New Zealand. Hosts. Unknown. Important reference. Noyes & Valentine ( 1989). Australian species (2): Paracmotemnus spp.

Anneckia Subba Rao, 1970. Papua New Guinea, East New Britain, Raunsepna. Figs A7, B7, C7, D7, E7, F7 (all A. oophaga Subba Rao)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Chrysoctonoides Huber, 2015. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Parapolynema Fidalgo, 1982. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

LITUS Haliday, 1833 (Figs 519–544) Litus Haliday, 1833a: 269, 1833b: 345. Type species: Litus cynipseus Haliday, 1833, by monotypy. Neolitus Ogloblin, 1935a: 60. Type species: Neolitus argentinus Ogloblin, 1935, by original designation. Synonymy by Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy, 2004a: 3. Diagnosis. Body length 265–645 μm. Funicle 6-segmented (Figs 519, 524); mandibles crossing when closed, with 2 subequal teeth (Fig. 534); vertex with lateral ocellus at posterolateral angle, forming an obtuse ocellar triangle (Figs 523, 532); head posteriorly without evident sulci but occiput separated from gena/postgena by slight change in sculpture lateral to dorsal margin of foramen (Figs 521, 530); mesophragma projecting into gaster (Fig. 535 [gaster broken off]); propodeum posteriorly with a short but wide ring-like nucha (neck) separated from rest of propodeum by a distinct narrowing (Fig. 535); petiole apparently narrow (Fig. 541); metasoma smooth, laterally compressed, with gt 1 cynipid-like, much the largest tergum (Figs 528, 540–542). Discussion. Litus apparently belongs to the Alaptus group of genera together with Alaptus, Callodicopus, Dicopomorpha and Dicopus but is also similar in petiole structure to the Camptoptera group of genera. It is perhaps most similar to Callodicopus in having a compressed gaster, higher than wide, but differs in the back of the head not having any distinct sulci, funicle 6-segmented, and gt 1 the largest tergum. Nearctic hosts. Unknown. An extralimital host is for the type species, reared from Ocypus olens (Müller) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), which also occurs as an accidental introduction in California. Important reference. Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy (2004a)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2020, Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico, pp. 1-411 in Zootaxa 4773 (3) on page 207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3821373, {"references":["Haliday, A. H. (1833 a) Essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain, which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. Entomological Magazine, 1 (3), 259 - 276.","Haliday, A. H. (1833 b) An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera, etc. (Continued). Entomological Magazine, 1 (4), 333 - 350.","Ogloblin, A. A. (1935 a) Um nuevo mimarido de Missiones (Hym. Mymaridae), Revista de Entomologia, 5 (1), 59 - 64.","Triapitsyn, S. V. & Berezovskiy, V. V. (2004 a) Review of the genus Litus Haliday, 1833 in the Holarctic and Oriental regions, with notes on the Palaearctic species of Arescon Walker, 1846 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Far Eastern Entomologist, 141, 1 - 24."]}

Omyomymar (Omyomymar) Schauff, 1983. USA, Florida, Gainesville; South Carolina, Pendleton. Figs A51a,b, B 46a,b, C 51, D52, E46a,b, F48a,b., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

A. (Anagrella) Bakkendorf, 1962. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

OCTOMICROMERIS Huber, 2015 (Figs 186���190) Octomicromeris Huber, 2015: 51. Type species: Octomicromeris compacta Huber, 2015, by original designation. Diagnosis. Octomicromeris is distinguished from the other genera in Gonatocerini by the following combination: female antenna with funicle short, the segments at most not much longer than wide, and with mps apparently only on fu 5 and fu 7 (Fig. 187); fore wing venation with parastigma short, at most half as long as submarginal vein, and with almost truncate apex (Fig. 188); propodeum with a sublateral carina between each submedian carina and metapleural sulcus (Fig. 189). Discussion. Octomicromeris belongs to the Gonatocerus group of genera, treated formally as Gonatocerini by Huber (2015). In the Afrotropical region this group also includes Cosmocomopsis, Gonatocerus, Heptagonatocerus, Lymaenon, Tanyxiphium and Zeyanus. Afrotropical hosts. Unknown. Important reference. Huber (2015)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2021, Illustrated key to the genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in the Afrotropical region, pp. 1-166 in Zootaxa 5036 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5036.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5502952

Anagroidea Girault, 1915. Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa National Park. Figs A4, B4, C4, D4, E4, F4., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Neostethynium Ogloblin, 1964. USA, South Carolina, Clemson. Figs A47, B 44, C48, D48., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Alaptus Westwood, 1839. USA, Florida, Highlands Co., Archbold Biological Research Station. Figs A3, B3, C3, D3, E3, F3., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Anaphes (Anaphes) Haliday, 1833. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Camptoptera (Camptoptera) Foerster, 1856. USA, Florida, Monroe Co. Figs A12, B12, C12, D12, E12, F12., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Platystethynium (Platystethynium) Ogloblin, 1946. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Nepolynema Triapitsyn, 2014. Japan, Aichi Prefecture. A49, D49, E44, F45 (all N. grande (Taguchi))., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Steganogaster Noyes & Valentine, 1989. New Zealand, South Island, Punakaiki. Figs A65, B61, C67, D67, E60, F63., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

HEPTAGONATOCERUS Huber, 2015 (Figs 157���162) Heptagonatocerus Huber, 2015: 33. Type species: Heptagonatocerus pulchellus Huber, by original designation. Diagnosis. Heptagonatocerus is distinguished from other members in the group by the following combination: face without subantennal sulci (Fig. 157); female antenna with funicle 7-segmented, and fu 7 wider than long and distinctly shorter than fu 6 (Fig. 158); propodeum with two short submedian carinae arising on side of petiole and usually also a median longitudinal carina (Fig. 161). Male antenna with basal flagellomeres fairly wide (Fig. 158). Discussion. Heptagonatocerus belongs to the Gonatocerus group of genera, treated formally as Gonatocerini by Huber (2015). In the Afrotropical region the group also includes Cosmocomopsis, Gonatocerus, Lymaenon, Octomicromeris, Tanyxiphium and Zeyanus. The reduced number of funicle segments occurs also in females of a few species of Lymaenon. Afrotropical hosts. Unknown. Important reference. Huber (2015)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2021, Illustrated key to the genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in the Afrotropical region, pp. 1-166 in Zootaxa 5036 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5036.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5502952

Kikiki Huber & Beardsley, 2000. Costa Rica, Heredia, La Selva Biological Station. Figs A38, C39, D39 (all K. huna Huber)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Kompsomymar Lin & Huber, 2007. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Tinkerbella Huber & Noyes, 2013. Costa Rica, Heredia, La Selva Biological Station. Figs A71, C73, D73, F69 (all T. nana Huber & Noyes)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Yoshimotoana Huber, 2020. Dominican Republic, Pedernales. Figs A72, B 67, C74, D74, E66, F70 (all Y. masneri (Yoshimoto))., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

CLERUCHUS Enock, 1909 (Figs 94���101) Cleruchus Enock, 1909: 453. Type species: Cleruchus pluteus Enock, 1909, by monotypy. See Huber et al. (2020) for generic synonyms and their type species. Diagnosis. Body dorsoventrally flattened (Fig. 99); head strongly produced anteriorly, in lateral view almost triangular (Fig. 95); ocelli, when present, far apart, with lateral ocellus next to posterior apex of supraorbital trabecula (Fig. 94a); female antenna with funicle segments about as long as wide and clava 1-segmented (Fig. 97); fore wing narrow, parallel sided (Fig. 96); ovipositor short, originating in apical third or less of gaster (Figs 100b, 101b). Discussion. Cleruchus belongs to the Cleruchus group of genera. In the Afrotropical region this group also includes Cleruchoides, Eubroncus and Platystethynium. It is most similar to Cleruchoides; in both genera the clava is 1-segmented and the fore wing venation is distinctly constricted anterior to the large triangular stigma (Fig. 96). Afrotropical hosts. Coleoptera. Important reference. Huber & Triapitsyn (2017)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2021, Illustrated key to the genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in the Afrotropical region, pp. 1-166 in Zootaxa 5036 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5036.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5502952, {"references":["Enock, F. (1909) New genera of British Mymaridae (Haliday). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1909, 449 - 459, pls. XII - XV. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1909. tb 02179. x","Huber, J. T., Read, J. D. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2020) Illustrated key to genera, and species catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America North of Mexico. Zootaxa, 4773 (1), 1 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4773.1.1","Huber, J. T. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2017) Two genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) new to Africa, a remarkable new species of Anaphes and new generic synonymy. ZooKeys, 658, 39 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 658.11569"]}

Parastethynium Lin & Huber, 2011. Papua New Guinea, West New Britain, Dami Oil Palm Research Station. Figs A56, B52, C57, D58, E52, F54a,b (all P. maxwelli (Girault))., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Himopolynema Taguchi, 1977. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Genus Cybomymar Noyes & Valentine (Figs. 89���91) Cybomymar Noyes & Valentine, 1989: 31. Type species: Cybomymar fasciifrons Noyes & Valentine, by original designation. Diagnosis. Cybomymar is tentatively placed in the Cleruchus group of genera, based on its apparent relationship to Scleromymar, which contains both winged and wingless species. The winged species of Scleromymar has a relatively long venation, somewhat resembling that of Paracmotemnus, which is placed in the Cleruchus group. The relatively thick profemur (Fig. 90) and compact legs resemble Cleruchus, but may be convergent modifications for crawling through soil. Cybomymar is distinguished from other genera in the group as follows: funicle 4-segmented (Fig. 89), ovipositor extending length of gaster and projecting slightly under mesosoma (Fig. 91). Male unknown. Body length. 1002 ��m (from one slide-mounted specimen). Distribution, Australia (Norfolk Island) and New Zealand. Hosts. Unknown. Australian species (1): Cybomymar sp., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2007, Paranaphoidea Girault 1913, pp. 1-111 in Zootaxa 1596 on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1596.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5779298, {"references":["Noyes, J. S. & Valentine E. W. (1989) Mymaridae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) - introduction, and review of genera. Fauna of New Zealand, 17. 95 pp."]}

ZEYANUS Huber, 2015 (Figs 267��� 271) Zeyanus Huber, 2015: 62. Type species: Gonatocerus asulcifrons Zeya, 1995, by original designation. Diagnosis. Zeyanus is distinguished from the other genera of Gonatocerini by the following combination: head thin, at least 2.5�� as wide as long; face without subantennal sulci (Fig. 267); occiput divided by transverse, oblique sulcus extending above foramen magnum from eye to eye; dorsellum triangular; propodeum with straight, submedian carinae more or less converging anterodorsally (Fig. 270); ovipositor distinctly exserted and usually upturned, with numerous setae along the exserted part of each sheath (Fig. 271). Discussion. Zeyanus belongs to the Gonatocerus group of genera, treated formally as Gonatocerini by Huber (2015). In the Afrotropical region the group also includes Cosmocomopsis, Gonatocerus, Heptagonatocerus, Lymaenon, Octomicromeris and Tanyxiphium. Zeyanus females are unique in the Gonatocerini in having several setae extending along the exserted part of each ovipositor sheath. The only other described genus in Mymaridae with this feature is Australomymar. Afrotropical hosts. Unknown. Distribution. No named species in the Afrotropical region. Specimens examined are from Guinea, Kenya, Somalia, South Africa, and Uganda (CNC, SAMC, SANC, UCRC). Important reference. Huber (2015)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2021, Illustrated key to the genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in the Afrotropical region, pp. 1-166 in Zootaxa 5036 (1) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5036.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5502952

Eustochus (Caraphractus) Walker, 1846. Canada, Ontario, Ottawa area. Figs A31, B30, C32, D32, E30, F30 (all C. cinctus Walker)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Polynemula Ogloblin, 1967. Not illustrated., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514

Notomymar Doutt & Yoshimoto, 1970. South Georgia Island. Figs B45, D50, E45, F46 (all N. aptenosoma Doutt & Yoshimoto)., Published as part of Huber, John T., Bolte, Klaus & Read, Jennifer D., 2023, The morphological diversity of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera): an atlas of scanning electron micrographs. Part 1. General overview and structure of the head, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5273 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5273.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7892514