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The basis of the international space regulatory framework relied on the United Nations Outer Space Treaty 1967. The purpose of the paper is to present and assess the current regulatory and legal framework with regards to space security re-entry risks. The particular regulation related to space debris and re-entry may be inferred from the basic international space law (UN space treaties). As surviving fragments originating from a particular space object (usually linked to the owner) may endanger people on the ground or operating aircraft, they are directly linked to the Liability Convention 1971. Therefore nations, international intergovernmental organizations, executive agencies, and non-governmental entities maintain their efforts to create and implement hard and soft laws. Those regulations concern the space environment and its challenges, such as the proliferation of space debris, the increasing activity of space operations, the emergence of mega constellations, and its effects on re-entry characteristics. The entire material included in this article comes from dedicated conferences and seminars about Space security and policy, legal documenttation, and literature review, which refer to re-entry in this subject. The research methods used in this article have comparative and analytical nature – based of the different sources of legislation.

Objective: School re-entry following hospitalization for psychiatric care has been reported as difficult for many adolescent patients. Continuous quality improvement initiatives may improve programming to enhance school re-entry experiences. The purpose for this study was to explore the school re-entry perspectives of the youth discharged from a psychiatric inpatient unit after implementing programs that patients previously identified as needed. Methods: A survey was administered to the youth about one month after discharge to gather their perspective of their school re-entry, along with self-rated resilience and stress. Results: Twenty-six youth (23%) participated in the post-discharge survey who reported a mean age of 15.6 years (SD 1.0), 77% identified as female, 13 (50%) provided very positive re-entry comments, eight (31%) reported moderately positive experiences, and five (19%) reported a very poor school re-entry. Mean perceived resilience (4.01, SD 0.6) and stress (3.42, SD 0.8) scores suggest youth thought they had good resilience and moderate stress. Conclusions: Most youth reported a good school re-entry. Considerable concerns remain for the 19% who reported a poor school re-entry who may benefit from specialized outpatient or day programming post-discharge before attempting a return to school. Future directions for research are provided.

Currently, the population of older adults is growing at a rapid rate. The number of older adults in America is similarly represented in the justice system with the number of older adults aged 56 an...

Introduction: In the spaceflight, during launch and re-entry, the crew is exposed to acceleration ranging from +4Gx to +8Gx in nominal conditions. This study was conducted to assess the changes in cardiorespiratory parameters, namely, heart rate (HR), electrocardiogram (ECG), respiratory rate (RR), and SpO2 on exposure to simulated +Gx acceleration. Material and Methods: Fifteen randomly selected healthy male volunteers participated in the study. They were exposed to a simulated acceleration profile consisting of two peaks in the high-performance human centrifuge; first peak of +4Gx for 30 s and second peak of+8Gx for 30 s. The cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored and recorded during the acceleration exposure. The data were compiled and analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Significant increase in HR was observed on exposure to +4Gx (110.4 ± 16.7 bpm; P < 0.001) in comparison to the baseline value (80.5 ± 7.5 bpm). However, the changes in the HR at +8Gx were not significant in comparison to baseline as well as +4Gx values. On the other hand, RR indicated a significant increase on exposure to +8Gx (25.2 ± 5.8 breaths/min) in comparison to the baseline (15.1 ± 1.6 breaths/min; P = 0.001) and +4Gx (19.0 ± 6.1 breaths/min; P = 0.009) values. SpO2 showed a significant reduction at +8Gx (94.2 ± 3.8%) in comparison to baseline (98.9 ± 0.3%; P = 0.004) and +4Gx (96.9 ± 1.5%; P = 0.003). ECG did not show any evidence of arrhythmia during the exposure to +Gx acceleration. Conclusion: The insignificant changes in the HR at peak of +8Gx indicate less pronounced effects on the smaller hydrostatic gradient in +Gx acceleration unlike +Gz acceleration. However, the findings of the study point towards a significant increase in respiratory rate and reduction in SpO2 at +8Gx.

The use of split-type air conditioner in Surabaya results in the almost universal typical apartment layouts which feature a recessed balcony upon the building’s exterior façade which then utilized as air-conditioner condenser unit storage. Façade geometry with recessed balcony itself carries its own characteristic of surface air movement which affects the general Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and heat dissipation of a building. Nevertheless, façade as architectural elements greatly influence building’s energy performance. Inefficiencies in heat dissipation from a condenser unit is detrimental on its performance and precipitate energy wastage. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis incorporated with energy performance evaluation, the effectiveness of façade geometry with recessed balcony is explored in this paper. It was found that recessed balconies are not an ideal place for condenser unit placement on a façade where many factors contributed to promoting heat re-entry from condenser units into the building’s interior.

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the role of entrepreneurial ecosystems conditions (formal, informal and social capital) on different types of entrepreneurial re-entry at a global scale. Design/methodology/approach Given this phenomenon’s nature, this study builds a panel of data of 54 economies covering different (advanced and emerging) countries across the globe during the period 2004–2017 by mixing multiples sources of information (e.g. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, the World Economic Forum, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund). The statistical analysis consisted of the fixed-effect dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation for panel data. Findings Three empirical insights emerge from the study. First, the entrepreneurial ecosystem’s formal conditions are mainly configured to support high-growth entrepreneurship ignoring re-entrepreneurs. Consequently, the formal conditions’ contribution is very limited in emerging economies. Second, the analysis of informal conditions revealed social media’s critical contribution for legitimizing entrepreneurship and supporting those entrepreneurs who want to re-enter the domestic or international market after a business failure. Third, social networks built during previous business angels or entrepreneurial experiences or with other entrepreneurs also play a crucial role for re-entrepreneurs to overcome the weaknesses in the entrepreneurial ecosystems’ conditions. Originality/value The study contributes to two ongoing academic debates among entrepreneurship scholars. The first is related to how the entrepreneurial ecosystem supports entrepreneurial activity in different economic contexts. The second is related to the study of the contextual determinants of entrepreneurial re-entry after a business failure.

Objective Hybrid lower extremity revascularization has been well described, typically consisting of common femoral endarterectomy (CFE) followed by direct patch puncture and endovascular treatment of any distal disease. We describe a modified technique that obviates the need for endovascular re-entry and simplifies treatment at the proximal and distal endpoints. Methods The REWIRE technique begins with retrograde arterial access via a patent tibial, pedal or femoropopliteal vessel. The diseased segment is crossed in the subintimal plane. Once the wire reaches the common femoral artery (CFA), the vessel is surgically exposed. Arteriotomy is performed and the wire is externalized during standard CFE. With through-wire access achieved, a sheath is inserted and the distal disease is treated. The proximal extent of the endovascular revascularization is incorporated into a standard CFE with patch angioplasty. Results Seven patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia were treated with this approach, all with long segment occlusions of the SFA and significant CFA disease. The SFA disease was stented and bovine pericardial patch was used for CFE in all. Technical success was achieved in all patients. There were no complications related to the retrograde puncture site, which was controlled with manual pressure (4) or excluded with a covered stent (3). Thirty-Day freedom from major adverse limb events was 100%. Conclusions The REWIRE technique is an effective approach to hybrid revascularization involving the CFA. By crossing the occluded segment in a retrograde fashion and surgically externalizing the wire during CFE, the proximal and distal endpoints can be addressed with ease, the profunda femoris is protected under direct visualization, and the need for endovascular re-entry is eliminated.

This research aims to describe the challenges of Saudis' re-entry experiences returning to Saudi Arabia after studying abroad. The total number of participants in the research was 21, consisting of 13 male and eight female participants returning from studying in the U.S., U.K., and Australia. With semi-structured individual interviews, the overall findings of this study showed that the returnees experienced some socio-cultural challenges that eventually dissipated over time and few educational challenges related to their work field. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are provided.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is simultaneously assumed as a serious crime and a major public health issue, having recurrences as one of its main characteristics and, consequently, re-entries of some alleged offenders in the criminal justice system (CJS). The main goal of this study is to assess if in cases of female victims of IPV, violence decreases after the first entry of the alleged offender in the CJS. A retrospective study was performed based on the analysis of police reports of alleged cases of IPV during a 4-year period. The final sample (n = 1 488) was divided into two groups according to the number of entries in the CJS (single or multiple) followed by a comparative approach. Results suggest that violence decreases after the first entry of alleged offenders in the CJS. Re-entries were found in only 15.5% of the cases but they were accountable for 3.3 times more crimes on average. Besides, victims of recidivism presented more injuries and required more medical care. Thus, a small group of alleged offenders seems to be more violent and accountable for most of the IPV crimes registered in the CJS suggesting that regardless of legal sanctions aiming to deter violence, these measures may not be enough for a certain group of offenders. This study sustains the need for a predictive model to quantify the risk of repeated IPV cases within the Portuguese population.

Arc-jet facilities have been the norm for ablation experiments used to calibrate computational models to date. However, the arc jet has a few major limitations and challenges, including non-uniform enthalpy distribution, non-equilibrium state, change of surface quality during testing and the extent of oxidation, to name but a few. A novel plasma technique for preheating axisymmetric heatshield samples in hypersonic impulse facilities is presented herein. The major aim of this innovative work is to help reduce the large variations of ablation rate predictions, space vehicle materials and missile design/testing, obtain strongly coupled hypersonic boundary layers and achieve lower cost of aerothermodynamics experiments. This present work remains one of the most highly anticipated solutions to maximise payload success and replicate high surface temperatures identical to those experienced by real flight vehicles. This work makes a useful contribution to re-entry studies under conditions that replicate the characteristics of re-entry flights. Future applications for the technique are expected to be found in hypersonic impulse facilities that can simulate the true flow energy under re-entry conditions.

Background: While workers and organisations heeded lockdown enforcements and abandoned offices in response to COVID-19 pandemic, the potential for mold growth thrived in unoccupied offices. An investigative enquiry to assess the potential and risk of exposure to mold is a sine-qua-non to safe re-entry to offices. Materials and Method: An analytical study conducted through walk through survey involving visual inspection, measurement of physico-chemical parameters (Temperature, Relative Humidity, Air Velocity and Particulate Matters PM2.5); collection and analysis of suspected swab and bulk samples. Results: Results showed copious amount of moisture evidenced by an averagely high relative humidity of 94%, low ambient temperature of 16% and poor ventilation evinced by an air velocity of 0.4 metre per second. Analysis of samples Mucor species revealed (Mucor mucedo, Mucor himalis, Mucor racemosus); Aspergillus species (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terrus); Cladosporium species (Cladosporium cladosproides and Cladosporium sphaerosperum). Conclusion: Poor ventilation, deposits of debris, increased moisture and dysfunctional ventilation system as found in abandoned offices for Mold growth. Post lockdown re-entry to offices should be preceded by Mold risk assessment among other measures to rule out the presence of Mold growth. Preparations for re-entry should include deep cleaning with anti Mold agents, optimization of ventilation system using anti Mold and High Efficiency Particulate Absorbing (HEPA) filters, dehumidifiers and safe remediation of suspected mold growth using suitable personal protective equipment.

The study at hand investigated the reintegration of development workers in terms of the sociocultural adaption and societal engagement after the return to the home country. The investigation had a cross-sectional design with 311 returned development workers. The results show that the sociocultural adaption of development workers several years after their return was significantly related to their job-related personality. However, there were no group differences for cultural distance. Results indicate that individuals who are more actively working together with others might be more likely to readapt well after return. Moreover, the results show that experienced social appreciation of the stay abroad is a relevant predictor of further engagement. Considering that appreciation is very likely to be a central motive for development workers, this underlines the importance for organizations to worship the engagement of repatriating development workers by offering support as well as by creating a culture in which extraordinary engagement is honored sufficiently.

Background: Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia is the most common type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. We sought to assess whether important anatomic factors, such as the location of the slow pathway, proximity to the bundle of His, and coronary sinus ostium dimensions, varied with patient age, and whether these factors had an impact on procedural duration, acute success, and complications. Methods: Baseline demographic and procedural data were collected, and the maps were analyzed. Linear regression models were performed to evaluate the associations between age and these anatomic variations. Associations were also assessed, with age categorized as being ≥ 60 years or < 60 years. Results: The slow pathway was more commonly located in a superior location relative to the coronary sinus ostium in older patients. The location of the slow pathway moved in a superior direction by 1 mm for every increase in 2 years from the mean estimate of age. Additionally the slow pathway tended to be closer to the coronary sinus ostium in older patients, and the diameter of the ostium was larger in older patients. This resulted in longer procedure time, longer ablation times, and a greater need for long sheaths for stability. Conclusions: The location of the slow pathway becomes more superior and closer to the coronary sinus ostium with increasing age. Additionally, the coronary sinus diameter increases with age. These factors result in longer ablation and procedural times in older patients. Résumé: Contexte: La tachycardie par réentrée nodale auriculoventriculaire est le type le plus fréquent de tachycardie supraventriculaire paroxystique. Nous avons voulu évaluer si des facteurs anatomiques importants, tels que l'emplacement de la voie lente, la proximité du faisceau de His et les dimensions de l'orifice du sinus coronaire (ostium), variaient avec l’âge, et si ces facteurs avaient un effet sur la durée de l'intervention, le succès à court terme et les complications. Méthodologie: Des données sur les caractéristiques démographiques initiales et l'intervention ont été recueillies, et les cartes obtenues ont été analysées. Des modèles de régression linéaire ont servi à déterminer les corrélations entre l’âge et ces variations anatomiques. Les corrélations ont aussi été évaluées selon des catégories d’âge, soit ≥ 60 ans et

This paper presents the comparison of a self-conducted towing tank experiment with the simulation results of a calibrated state-of-the-art strip-theory method and a first-principles numerical method. The experiment concerns a Rigid Inflatable Boat (RIB) in moderate-to-high irregular waves. These waves result in bow emersion events of the RIB. Bow re-entry induces vertical accelerations which, in reality, can lead to severe injuries and structural damage. State-of-the-art methods for predicting the vertical acceleration levels are based on assumptions, require calibration and are often limited in application range. We demonstrate how the vertical acceleration as a function of time is found from a 3D numerical method based on the Navier–Stokes equations, employing the Volume of Fluid (VoF) method for the free surface, without any further assumptions or limitations. 2D+t strip theory methods like Fastship are based on the mechanics of wedges falling in water. The 3D numerical method that is part of the software ComFLOW is compared to previous research on falling wedges in 2D to investigate the effect of air and to find suitable grid distances for the 3D simulation of the RIB. The 3D RIB simulations are compared to Fastship and the experiment. With respect to the experiment, the ComFLOW simulations show a slight underestimation of the levels of heave and pitch. The underestimation of Fastship is larger. The prediction of acceleration in ComFLOW is hardly different from the experiment and a significant improvement with respect to Fastship. ComFLOW is demonstrated to predict acceleration levels better than before, which creates opportunities for using it in seakeeping optimization and for the improvement of methods like Fastship. The properties of the RIB and the experiment are available as open data at Wellens (2020).

Recent estimates suggest that nearly half of all international migrants return to their communities of origin within five years of emigration. Motivated by high levels of return migration, scholars are increasingly investigating the ways in which return migrants mobilize resources they acquire abroad, such as human and financial capital, to achieve economic mobility upon return. Yet, resource mobilization and labor market reintegration unfold in heterogeneous community contexts. To understand the labor market reintegration of return migrants in various local contexts, we draw on an eight-year study that included interviews with 153 Mexican returnees to examine how labor market reintegration and resource mobilization vary across three types of communities: urban, urban-adjacent, and rural. U.S.-Mexico migration is the largest binational return flow in the world, providing a unique opportunity to explore variations in the reintegration experiences of returnees. We find that labor market reintegration and resource mobilization are contextually embedded processes that respond to the social, economic, and spatial features of migrants’ origin communities. Following our analysis, we extend three testable hypotheses that can guide future research on international migration and return.

This paper describes the post-incarceration reintegration experiences of military veterans convicted of sex offenses and identify potential interventions to ease reintegration for this population. Participants were a convenience sample of 14 veterans who were on sex offender (SO) registries and 21 community stakeholders involved in supporting persons during re-entry. Subjects were identified purposively and through snowball sampling, in Massachusetts. We employed semi-structured qualitative interviews of participants, followed by analysis including process mapping to identify barrier and facilitation points. We used both a grounded thematic approach and a priori codes, guided by the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations. We found re-entry barriers include older age, stigma, lack of social support, inadequate information about sexual offense levels, limited housing options and access to mental health treatment to reduce sexual impulses, and re-entry information tailored to SOs. Re-entry facilitators include access to SO treatment, knowledge about services, self-efficacy, ability to self-advocate, and social support. Interventions to aid successful re-entry include pre-release counseling and classes tailored to SO needs, re-entry planning including housing resources, sexual deviance treatment, and referral to legal counseling to assist with altering assigned SO level. Specific needs and resources unique to veterans should be integrated into reentry plans. Convicted SOs often lack information and assistance to prepare for life after release, putting them at increased risk of homelessness, emotional difficulties, and financial hardship. Failure to recognize the unique needs of this population, and to leverage resources, creates a public health risk as it increases the likelihood that SOs will recidivate. Veterans who are SOs have unique resources available to them through the Veterans Administration such as SO treatment and peer-support specialists. Nevertheless there are additional steps that could be beneficial, such as timely provision of information, creating more opportunities for treatment, and providing more housing options.

The overall purpose of this study was from an educational management perspective to explore the effectiveness of the re-entry policy implementation in public schools in Lusaka District, Zambia, and highlight the missing links between the stipulated re-entry policy of 1997 and the actual practice on the ground in terms of its implementation in secondary schools. This study was qualitative and employed a case study approach, and standard open-ended interviews were used to obtain data from the district education officers, headteachers, teachers, and parents to teen mothers. The study's findings imply that the re-entry policy implementation in the selected secondary schools is not practical to a high degree. The study findings further indicated that the policy is silent, and there is no awareness of the policy in secondary schools due to unclear policy goals and objectives. The study findings also indicated no sense of ownership of the policy by stakeholders responsible for implementing the policy. Further, the study concluded that secondary schools' policy implementation is not practical because there are no clear stated objectives, implementation and monitoring strategies, financial, human, and legal resources. Hence, this study recommended that the Ministry of General Education redesign the policy, including all stakeholders in the formulation process, and clearly state its goals and objectives to ensure future successful implementation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate dermal and respiratory exposure of workers to Lufenuron during spraying and re-entry on ornamental plants (stapling) in greenhouses. Potential and real skin exposure were evaluated using filter paper pads, hand contamination by washing, and respiratory exposure by personal air sampling. Dislodgeable foliar residues (DFRs) during re-entry were determined in order to calculate the dermal transfer factor (DTF). Lufenuron was analysed by liquid chromatography–mass detection. Respiratory dose (ReD) was calculated on the basis of a lung ventilation of 15–20 l min−1 and absorbed doses assuming a skin penetration of 13% and a respiratory retention of 100%. During stapling, from the dependence of exposure of hands from DFRs, the mean DTF was 0.575 cm2 h−1 (geometric mean). The ReD was 68.7–74.6 and 0.022–0.636% of the total real dose during spraying and stapling, respectively. The absorbed doses, 0.144–0.171 and 0.005–0.124 µg kg bw−1 during spraying and stapling, respectively, were less than the acceptable operator exposure level of 10 µg kg bw−1. Proper use of equipment and personal protective equipment and personal hygiene are aspects of fundamental importance on which workers must be trained. Adequate occupational hygiene studies are needed to support and verify working practices.

This article investigates fault detection, isolation and fault-tolerant control for an over-actuated system in hypersonic re-entry vehicle with concurrent actuator faults and disturbance. A series of residuals developed by spatial projection operators is only sensitive to certain faults that can decouple the effects of faults in different directions. Threshold intervals designed through sliding-time windows and a hypothesis test are used to detect faults. Single and concurrent fault isolation can be achieved by utilizing different residual combinations. Subsequently, an augmented observer is introduced to estimate the faults and satisfies the [Formula: see text]-gain constraint to reduce the effect of disturbances. Finally, an adaptive backstepping fault-tolerant control algorithm is designed to achieve stable attitude tracking. The stability of the proposed schemes is proved by Lyapunov and linear matrix inequality theories. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

The fundamental hypothesis of substrate mapping for scar-mediated ventricular tachycardia is that surrogates of the isthmus can be identified and targeted with ablation during sinus rhythm. These surrogates include electrocardiographic indications for electric discontinuity such as fractionation, split, late, and long potentials, also evident as sites displaying activation slowing. However, ablation strategies targeting these surrogates during sinus rhythm have resulted in unacceptably high rates of clinical failures, promoting the idea that a more widespread ablation may be required. High-resolution mapping technologies provide an opportunity to examine the substrate at greater detail; however, their use has not yet translated into improved clinical outcomes. This may be related to ongoing efforts to examine the same surrogates at higher resolution instead of using high-resolution technologies for discovering new and potentially more specific surrogates. This article reviews common limitations and pitfalls of substrate mapping and discusses new opportunities for high-resolution mapping to increase the accuracy of substrate mapping: 1) multielectrode mapping catheters provide an opportunity to rapidly examine the substrate during electrophysiological conditions that more closely simulate ventricular tachycardia by means of activation from different directions and coupling intervals; 2) electrogram annotation methods based on the maximal negative derivative of the extracellular potential or maximal voltage are often inaccurate in nonuniform anisotropic tissue. The use of multielectrode catheters may improve the accuracy of electrogram annotation by using spatiotemporal dispersion of single-beat acquisitions and a localized indifferent reference; and 3) resetting and entrainment remain important methods for studying re-entry for and guiding ablation.

Aside from academics suggesting that low-physical-attractive prisoners may face difficulty reentering the labour market: permitting employers to access criminal history records aggravates the situation. The current study aims to alleviate this discrimination by generating more beauty premiums to prisoners through cosmetic surgery. The choice experiments (CEs) on hypothetical cosmetic surgery faces of 18 Thai male prisoners were conducted. In which every choice set, the respondents were required to make a tradeoff between beauty and criminal history records. The results show that cosmetic surgery generates beauty premiums to prisoners in both the formal and informal sectors with the odds ratio or increase of the utility of 1.75 and 1.754, respectively. Contrarily, the criminal history records result in discrimination to prisoners’ employments: decreasing job opportunities by 82.8% and 51% in the formal and informal sectors, respectively. The MWTP values show an additional salary to the cosmetic surgery groups for 2,600 baht approximately in both sectors. Besides contributing to the literature, the current study sheds light on the importance of physical appearance and criminal history records as one of the main barriers to prisoners’ re-entry. The findings could serve as new knowledge for policymakers to improve the success rate of prisoners’ reintegration.

To demonstrate the effect of body posture on the occupant dynamic response under a spacecraft high-level re-entry acceleration overload, seat-dummy system models with typical body positions, includ...

Objectives The goal of this study was to characterize the location and electrophysiological properties of left atrial appendage (LAA) atrial tachycardia (AT). Background The LAA has been reported to be a source of AT and atrial fibrillation (AF) triggers. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed ATs mapped to the LAA. Activation and entrainment mapping were used to determine the mechanism and localize each AT circuit/origin. Results From 2014 to 2018, a total of 45 patients (mean age 65 ± 10 years; 69% male) had 51 LAA ATs: 43 (84%) after AF ablation and 8 de novo (no prior AF). Overall, 50 (98%) were due to localized re-entry/micro–re-entry, whereas only 1 was a focal triggered AT. All 50 micro–re-entrant LAA ATs were mapped to the anterior base (70%) or LAA ridge (30%), and all were successfully treated with focal ablation; no case required LAA isolation. After successful ablation of the initial AT at the LAA base, 23 (62%) of 37 patients with AF also had inducible macro–re-entrant peri-mitral flutter, but none had AF triggers from inside the LAA. Conclusions LAA ATs are almost always micro–re-entrant in mechanism and originate from either the anterior base or LAA ridge. AT originating from inside the LAA body is very rare. The anterior and ridge aspects of the LAA–left atrium junction seem to be arrhythmogenic hotspots prone to localized re-entry. These ATs are treatable with focal ablation without LAA isolation but are frequently associated with macro–re-entrant peri-mitral flutter.

We report a case of a diabetic patient with critical limb ischemia, who previously underwent thromboendarterectomy at the right lower extremity, resulting in surgical ligation at the proximal third of the right superficial femoral artery (SFA). Twenty months later, the patient developed foot ulcers; endovascular treatment was therefore performed. After obtaining a retrograde right SFA subintimal access, directly puncturing the occluded segment of the artery, a re-entry intravascular ultrasound-guided catheter was used to gain proximal re-entry. Then, the same device was used again, in antegrade fashion, to obtain re-entry into the patent popliteal artery. A covered stent was deployed in the site of the surgical closure. In the following 3 months, foot ulcers healed.

The Outback™ Elite re-entry catheter (CORDIS, Cardinal Health, USA) is designed to facilitate placement and positioning of guidewires within the peripheral vasculature and allows for re-entry of a guidewire back into the true lumen of a vessel following a subintimal crossing of an arterial occlusion. The device was first introduced in 2005 and has become widely utilized in a variety of situations involving both arterial and venous interventions. This article aims to share our experiences with the Outback™ device and inform interventionalists of its utility and versatility.

PurposeReturn-entry is understudied in the disaster science literature. This paper provides an overview of the return-entry process, identifies key factors informing the selection of return strategy, proposes a simple classification of return strategies and offers ideas for advancing research in this area.Design/methodology/approachThis paper explores previous research and recent return-entry processes in order to advance understanding of strategies emergency managers employ and decisions they make when managing the return movement of evacuees home after disasters.FindingsThe paper offers new insights into the management of the return movement, proposes primary factors considered when developing return strategies and offers a framework for the selection of strategies utilized by emergency managers.Originality/valueGiven that return-entry is a burgeoning area of inquiry in disaster science, this paper advances knowledge and understanding of return-entry movements after disasters and outlines key research needs.

This mixed-method study investigates the effects of self-disclosure and reverse culture shock among students returning from studying abroad. While previous literature examined the socio-cultural fa...

The policy-making process can be complex and hierarchical and can often disenfranchise many people. Policy dialogues seldom enlist marginalised populations such as girls and young women who are the...

A Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), during the re-entry phase of its flight, experiences uncertain environment and extreme turbulence. This calls for an effective control strategy to guide the vehicle efficiently on a trajectory that allows safer landing conditions while providing robustness against external disturbances and system uncertainties. In this regard, a Time-Delayed Control (TDC) strategy has been proposed to track the space vehicle on a predetermined trajectory in the presence of these uncertainties. In the proposed approach, the system vector and the uncertainties are lumped into a single function which is estimated using the input and output data from the previous instant. Theoretical analysis of the control strategy executed using Lyapunov’s method, proves Uniformly Ultimately Bounded (UUB) stability of the closed loop system. The efficacy of the proposed approach has been verified through simulation studies which affirm robust tracking of the optimal trajectory generated through Pseudo-Spectral method (PSM), in the presence of time-varying uncertainties.

Fireguns continue to attract people’s attention today as they have in the past. People obtain fireguns for individual purposes such as hunting, protection or defense.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Following the Presidential declaration of a national emergency, many health care organizations adhered to recommendations from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) as well as the American College of Surgeons (ACS) to postpone elective surgical cases. The transition to only emergent and essential urgent surgical cases raises the question, how and when will hospitals and surgery centers resume elective cases? As a large health care system providing multispecialty tertiary/quaternary care with across the Southeast United States, a collaborative approach to resuming elective surgery is critical. Numerous surgical societies have outlined a tiered approach to resuming elective surgery. The majority of these guidelines are suggestions which place the responsibility of making decisions about re-entry strategy on individual health care systems and practitioners, taking into account the local case burden, projected case surge, and availability of resources and personnel. This paper reviews challenges and solutions related to the resumption of elective surgeries and returning to the pre-COVID-19 surgical volume within an integrated health care system that actively manages 18 facilities, 111 operating rooms, and an annual operative volume exceeding 123,000 cases. We define the impact of COVID-19 across our surgical departments and outline the staged re-entry approach that is being taken to resume surgery within the health care system.

Career re-entry of women in the technology sector remains an unexplored area. With the increasing focus of information technology (IT) organisations to attract, retain and promote women at the workplace, career re-entry among women professionals’ merits attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons and enablers of career re-entry among women who plan a re-entry in the IT sector in India. This study employed a qualitative research method and used interviews as a tool for data collection. Data collected through the interviews of re-entry women ( n = 28) was analysed with the help of qualitative analysis software ATLAS.ti. Further, text analysis was also performed through Voyant tools. Findings suggest that a strong career identity, a high level of work centrality and an urge to regain financial independence motivated women to return to IT careers. Findings revealed seven distinct enablers of career re-entry. Based on this finding, a model of the support ecosystem is discussed that presents an intricate relationship between the enablers of career re-entry, support ecosystem and career resumption. Moreover, findings indicate that an active agency of women, a support ecosystem and favourable life events lead to career re-entry. Managerial and theoretical implications of findings are discussed. The article concludes with limitations and future research agenda.

During re-entry objects with low-eccentricity orbits traverse a large portion of the dense atmospheric region almost every orbital revolution. Their perigee decays slowly, but the apogee decays rapidly. Because ballistic coefficients change with altitude, re-entry predictions of objects in low-eccentricity orbits are more difficult than objects in nearly circular orbits. Problems in orbit determination, such as large residuals and non-convergence, arise for this class of objects, especially in the case of sparse observations. In addition, it might be difficult to select suitable initial ballistic coefficient for re-entry prediction. We present a new re-entry prediction method based on mean ballistic coefficients for objects with low-eccentricity orbits. The mean ballistic coefficient reflects the average effect of atmospheric drag during one orbital revolution, and the coefficient is estimated using a semi-numerical method with a step size of one period. The method is tested using Iridium-52 which uses sparse observations as the data source, and ten other objects with low-eccentricity orbits which use TLEs as the data source. We also discuss the performance of the mean ballistic coefficient when used in the evolution of drag characteristics and orbit propagation. The results show that the mean ballistic coefficient is ideal for re-entry prediction and orbit propagation of objects with low-eccentricity orbits.

A large body of literature has examined the impact of staff behavior in correctional settings on offenders’ likelihood of recidivism. However, gaps remain with respect to how staff behavior is rela...

In this study, we examine the re-entry of 58 people during the first year following their release from prison. Our objective was to gain a more comprehensive perspective on the experience of release from a Romanian prison. We take into account three important dimensions that set the tone and tenor of life after prison: (1) the state as a truant agent in the process of release, (2) family, and (3) employment and other means of becoming economically active, such as hustling (Thieme, 2018) or foraging (Sugie, 2018). We argue that the existent re-entry legislation (or lack thereof) coupled with the way policymakers define the notion of personhood for the former inmate embarks prisoners on a journey widely disconnected from their relevant social contexts. As a consequence, the challenges associated with re-entry are disregarded, and prisoners, once released, become invisible or a ‘non-category’. Successful re-entry, we argue, is a personal accomplishment in the face of adversities, rather than a feasible outcome afforded by structural conditions.

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is adopted to simulate the peak impact load, the water entry process and the water entry characteristics of a re-entry capsule with the complex capsule motions modelled by a developed six degrees of freedom fluid-solid coupling model. Diffused particle distribution is developed and used in the simulations to decrease memory and computational cost. The results show that the six degrees of freedom model and diffused particle distribution are valid. The results obtained by the improved SPH method match well with experimental results, and the maximal impact load of the capsule may reach more than 10 G, even tens of G. In addition, the peak impact loads are significantly affected by the capsule vertical velocity, the capsule mass, and the pitch angle, while are slightly affected by the horizontal velocity. More concretely, the peak impact load increases with the increase of vertical velocity, and decreases with the increase of mass. However, there is no definite law between the peak load and the pitch angle. These results can provide a foundation for guiding capsule design.