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The aim of this research is examine the impact of celebrity endorsement of sports goods on customer purchasing behavior, and to compare the effectiveness of the relevant components at different ages. The research is applied in terms of objective, and it is exploratory-survey in terms of methodology, and data collection was done through questionnaire and field methods. The target statistical population includes all residents of Mashhad, which are totally more than 3 million. In the present research, given the attributes of the statistical population, two-stage cluster sampling method was chosen. In this method, every citizen of Mashhad was considered a sample unit. In this research, the effects of celebrity endorsement are considered as predictor variable, and the relevant dimensions include celebrity availability, validity, credibility, physical attractiveness, popularity, motivation, nationality, fame, celebrity-consumer match, celebrity personality and lifestyle, celebrity’s use of brand, and celebrity-product compatibility. In the research, consumer purchasing behavior is the criterion variable. Following the hypothesis testing, the article comes to the conclusion that some components influence consumer behavior, and the impact of various factors on age, gender, and different educational levels are investigated as well.

It is obvious that making decisions is the major element of entrepreneurships activities and its inseparable component, and it shows itself in entrepreneur behavior. This research focused on personal factors analysis and the characteristics of an affective decision on entrepreneurs decisions of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs). In collecting data in order to investigate the history of the research and the review of the literature, library sources are used, and the choices are assessed with distributing questioner and applying field method. For precise recognition of each choice the data were analyzed applying SPSS22 and AMOS programs. The results show that among personal factors only the information has a significant effect on entrepreneurs decisions.

COVID-19 is affecting the development of the global economy and threatening the survival of SMEs worldwide. In light of the current situation, this paper examines the factors affecting product and process innovation in SMEs during the COVID-19 crisis. We carried out a simple random sample of 185 SME entrepreneurs in Ardakan, Iran, using a multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that experience is one of the most important factors affecting innovation. Organization size and age were negatively associated with process innovation during the current crisis. Moreover, the findings reveal that training to facilitate cooperation as well as higher commitment to R&D can lead to greater innovation. An important conclusion is that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, government efforts to encourage SMEs to create new products helped them to withstand the crisis. The study suggests that, during the COVID-19 crisis, embracing innovation as a core organizational value helped SMEs to remain competitive.