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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malaysia's food and beverage industry provides a diverse range of regional and global cuisines, reflecting the country's diverse population. Profit, the development of new products, customer and employee satisfaction, and the sustainability of employee engagement have an impact on an organization's productivity. Positive attitudes towards green human resources management--which encompasses green hiring and selection, green training and development, and green remuneration and reward--are a sign of engaged employees. Businesses in this industry found it difficult to retain employees due to insufficient green hiring and selection procedures, inadequate training and development programs, and insufficient compensation and benefits. This research examines the relationship between green training and development, green recruitment and selection, and green compensation and reward for employee engagement and sustainability in the Malaysian food and beverage industry. METHODS: For this investigation, the quantitative method was used to analyze information using IBM SPSS software version 26. The objective was to improve the industry's efficient functioning for long-term growth. A total of 210 surveys were distributed to Klang Valley workers in this industry using convenience sampling and a non-probability sampling approach. Taro Yamane's approach was used to calculate the sample size. Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where sample units are selected based on their accessibility to the researcher. FINDINGS: As a result, all three variables - green training and development, green recruitment and selection, and green compensation and reward - have a positive and significant relationship with employee engagement sustainability. The hypotheses have been accepted with a p-value ranging from 0.000 to 0.236. In the case of hypothesis 1, there is a positive correlation (r = 0.760, p ≤ 0.01) between green training and development and employee engagement sustainability. Similarly, hypothesis 2 shows a positive correlation with a significant p-value of 0.236 between green recruitment and selection and employee engagement sustainability. Hypothesis 3 also indicates a significant correlation (r = 0.762, p ≤ 0.01) between green compensation and reward and employee engagement sustainability. CONCLUSION: The study provides empirical evidence and conceptual proof that the establishment and management of a fund designed to promote the development of human resources within a specific jurisdiction are governed by the Pembangunan Sumber Manusia Berhad Act of 2001. The interaction between this act and Green Human Resource Management may differ depending on the specific laws and policies of a country or region. Organizations can utilize funds from the Human Resource Development Corps to carry out projects related to Green Human Resource Management, such as eco-friendly training and development courses. Green Human Resource Management seeks to support environmental responsibility and sustainability initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) is a significant period of industrial progress marked by advanced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The current change presents significant challenges and opportunities for various sectors, including the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) industry. Addressing the readiness of HVAC students for IR 4.0, this study investigates the gap in skills and competencies required in this new era. This study primarily assesses the readiness of final-year bachelor's degree students in HVAC, focusing on balancing technical and non-technical skills. Employing a qualitative descriptive research design, the study involved 100 final-year HVAC students from Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) and Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). A structured questionnaire, developed based on a thorough literature review and validated through expert reviews and a pilot study, was used to collect data. The questionnaire assessed students' self-evaluation of their readiness, understanding of technical skills, and developing non-technical skills relevant to IR 4.0. The analysis revealed that students possess a high level of perceived readiness for IR 4.0, with non-technical skills emerging as significant contributors to their readiness. These skills accounted for 44% of the variance in students' readiness. The findings underscore the importance of integrating non-technical skills into the HVAC curriculum, highlighting their role in equipping students to navigate the evolving technological landscape of IR 4.0. In conclusion, the study provides comprehensive insights into the skillsets necessary for HVAC students to thrive in the IR 4.0 era. It emphasises the need for educational institutions to adapt their curricula and pedagogical strategies to include a balanced focus on technical and non-technical skills, thereby enhancing student employability and readiness for the challenges of the modern industrial world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradations characteristic of azo dye Reactive Green 19 (RG19) was investigated using advanced oxidation process (AOPs). It was evaluated based on colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The effect of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration, initial dosage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), contact time, and pH was also being studied. The samples were treated by ozonation (O3) and peroxone O3/H2O2 process. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) involve two stages of oxidation; firstly is the formation of strong oxidant and secondly the reaction of organic contaminants in water. In addition, the term advanced oxidation is referring to the processes in which oxidation of organic contaminants occurs primarily through reactions with hydroxyl radicals. There are several analyses that use to determine the efficiency of the treatment process, which are UV-Vis absorption spectra, COD, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and pH. The results demonstrated that the ozone oxidation was efficient in decolourization and good in mineralization, based on the reduction of colour and COD. Additionally, results indicate that H2O2 is able to perform better than ozonation in order to decolourize the dye wastewater with 0.5 mL H2O2/L dye dosage of H2O2 at different initial concentration, initial pH, with contact time.

A micro hydroelectric generator is an energy conversion approach to generate electricity from potential (motion) energy to an electrical energy. In this research, it is desired to be implemented by using a micro hydroelectric generator which is desired to be embedded at the continuous flow of effluent discharge point of domestic sewerage treatment plant (STP). This research evaluates the potential of electricity generation from micro hydroelectric generator attached to 30,000 PE sewerage treatment plant. The power output obtained from calculation of electrical power conversion is used to identify the possibility of this system and its ability to provide electrical energy, which can minimize the cost of electric bill especially for the pumping system. The overview of this system on the practical application with the consideration of payback period is summarized. The ultimate aim of the whole application is to have a self-ecosystem electrical power generated for the internal use of STP by using its own flowing water in supporting the sustainable engineering towards renewable energy and energy efficient approach. The results shows that the output power obtained is lower than expected output power (12 kW) and fall beyond of the range of a micro hydro power (5kW - 100kW) since it is only generating 1.58 kW energy by calculation. It is also observed that the estimated payback period is longer which i.e 7 years to recoup the return of investment. A range of head from 4.5 m and above for the case where the flow shall at least have maintained at 0.05 m3/s in the selected plant in order to achieved a feasible power output. In conclusion, wastewater treatment process involves the flowing water (potential energy) especially at the effluent discharge point of STP is possibly harvested for electricity generation by embedding the micro hydroelectric generator. However, the selection of STP needs to have minimum 4.5 meter head with 0.05 m3/s of continuously flowing water to make it feasible to harvest.

Insufficiently high doping in polysilicon gates of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) becomes unavoidable due to the demands for low-energy ion implantation and limited annealing conditions to achieve ultra-shallow source and drain junctions. This results in the poly-depletion effect for ultra-thin MOSFET, loss of current drive and shift in the threshold voltage. This problem gets intense when the device is further scaled down for the gate length and thickness of gate oxide. Hence, our current work focuses on the effect of gate geometrical effect and polysilicon gate doping on scaled n-channel MOSFET(NMOS) performance. The NMOS device was constructed using TCAD ATLAS tools from SILVACO software. Six different gate lengths of 0.6 µm, 0.4 µm, 0.2 µm, 60 nm, 40 nm and 20 nm were set, and the n-type doping concentration in the polysilicon gate was varied to 1× 1018, 1× 1020 and 1 × 1021 cm-3 respectively to see their effect on the NMOS I-V and C-V performances. The findings showed that as the gate length is scaled down, the drain current increases, and as the concentration of the polysilicon doping increases, the value of the threshold voltage, VTH decreases. Based on the simulation and data collected, it can be concluded that the optimum concentration of polysilicon doping that can reduce the poly-depletion effect is 1 × 1021 cm-3, and the optimum gate length that can be used to overcome the problem is 20 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mature coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water is a by-product of coconut milk and oil industries that can be transformed into value-added products as part of a sustainable and zero-waste effort. In the present work, mature coconut water was fermented using kefir grains to produce probiotic beverage, and the present work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, microbial counts, antioxidant activities, and sensory acceptance of the developed mature coconut water kefir (MCWK) in comparison with mature coconut water (MCW) and water kefir (WK). Results showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) lactic acid and ethanol contents in MCWK relative to WK, which was attributed to the higher counts of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. The fermentation was also apparent in MCWK, exhibiting significantly lower (p < 0.05) pH value at different fermentation days. Significantly (p < 0.05) highest total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities [DPPH radical-scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] were recorded by MCWK after three days of fermentation. Sensory acceptance test also demonstrated that fermentation of MWK with kefir grains improved the palatability and acceptance. MCWK fermented for three days resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) highest overall acceptance mean score (n = 30). In conclusion, the complex microbial consortia in kefir grains can be used to produce MCW probiotic beverage with functional properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]