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Orientin is one of the flavonoid glycosides with diverse biological properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory. It is found in several plants like rooibos tea, Ocimum sanctum , Trollius , Passiflora , and Phyllostachys species. This review aimed to summarise the various medicinal properties of the orientin focusing on its underlying molecular mechanism reported based on in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The data were collected using various search engines, incorporating PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and SpringerLink. Our findings showed that orientin exhibited promising anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Hopefully, this information could assist drug researchers and pharmaceutical entities in finding an effective herbal drug for the treatment of different disorders with potential mechanisms of action. Meanwhile, further investigations are warranted such as oral bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic characteristics of orientin to establish fully drug profiling suitable for clinical trials.

Fraxinus xanthoxyloides is a perennial shrub belonging to family Oleaceae, traditionally used for malaria, jaundice, pneumonia, inflammation, and rheumatism. Our study is aimed to assess the total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), terpenoids contents (TTC) and antioxidant profiling of F. xanthoxyloides methanol bark extract (FXBM) and its fractions, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous, along with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Further, the antioxidant and pulmonary protective potential was explored against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced CCl4-induced pulmonary tissue damage in rats. The highest TPC, TFC and TTC were found in FXBM (133.29±4.19 mg/g), ethyl acetate fraction (279.55±10.35 mg/g), and chloroform fraction (0.79±0.06 mg/g), respectively. The most potent antioxidant capacity was depicted by FXBM (29.21±2.40 μg/mg) and ethyl acetate fraction (91.16±5.51 μg/mg). The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the predominance of gallic, chlorogenic, vanillic and ferulic acid in FXBM. The administration of CCl 4 induced oxidative stress, suppressed antioxidant enzymes' activities including catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione reductase. Further, it increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H 2 O 2 levels, induced DNA injuries and reduced the total protein and glutathione content in lung tissues. The treatment of rats with FXBM restored these biochemical parameters to the normal level. Moreover, the histopathological studies of lung tissues demonstrated that FXBM protected rats' lung tissues from oxidative damage restoring normal lung functions. Thus, F. xanthoxyloides bark extract is recommended as adjuvant therapy as protective agent for patients with lung disorders., (© 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)