Search

Nowadays, electricity theft is a major issue in many countries and poses a significant financial loss for global power utilities. Conventional Electricity Theft Detection (ETD) models face challenges such as the curse of dimensionality and highly imbalanced electricity consumption data distribution. To overcome these problems, a hybrid system Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) approach with Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) is proposed in this work. The proposed hybrid system is applied to analyze and solve electricity theft using data from the Chinese National Grid Corporation (CNGC). In the proposed hybrid system, first, preprocess the data; second, balance the data using the k-means Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) technique; third, apply the GTU model to the extracted purified data; fourth, apply the MLP model to the extracted purified data; and finally, evaluate the performance of the proposed system using different performance measures such as graphical analysis and a statistical test. To verify the consistency of our proposed hybrid system, we use three different ratios for training and testing the dataset. The outcomes show that the proposed hybrid system for ETD is highly accurate and efficient compared to the other models like Alexnet, GRU, Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BGRU) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy demand in Pakistan is escalating owing to the growing population, rapid urbanization, and industrial growth. Therefore, the development and execution of Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EE&C) policies and initiatives are critical for the Government in order to enhance energy efficiency and to address the country's increasing energy demand. In this study, the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) tool is used to develop and analyze the effects of load control, energy efficiency, and conservation-based measures. Based on the policy analysis and energy consumption patterns, macro-economic modeling has been undertaken using LEAP for the study period 2020-2050. The two scenarios developed are Business-As-Usual (BAU) and Demand-Side-Management (DSM). The model results forecast 1910.2 TWh electricity demand by 2050 under the BAU scenario, with an average annual growth rate of 5.5%, which is eighteen times greater than energy demand in the base year. The sustainable electricity generation path followed under the DSM scenario ensures a lower demand of 1597.5 TWh and an average annual growth rate of 4.5%. This scenario will reduce energy use by 16% compared to the BAU scenario. Therefore, it is proposed that policy may be envisaged using infrastructural and consumer engagement approaches to encourage DSM development in Pakistan. The proposed LEAP model can be used to undertake the supply policy selection and demand assumption for future power production in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the recent climate change, organizations all over the globe are developing plans for reducing carbon emissions by developing clean energy technologies and energy efficient devices. However, the path for transition to green energy system is still unclear and in general, the representation of green energy supply for transition pathways is limited. Therefore, this study outlines a plan for getting Swedish energy sector completely carbon neutral by 2050. The approach can also be applicable to the majority of nations worldwide. Computer based simulations are performed on Energy PLAN software for making clean, green and sustainable energy system that can balance every component of entire energy system during the study period 2022 to 2050. This study takes into account the sustainable use of renewable sources for all economic sectors as well as the interchange of energy with nearby nations under the two scenarios. Additionally, the energy system works in tandem with other industries to create a fully carbon-free environment. The results revealed that, 50% de-carbonization is possible till 2035 and 100% de-carbonization is possible till 2050. This enables a discussion of how ambitious 10-year goals might serve as a first step toward the mid-century elimination of fossil fuels from the energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authors used Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model in this paper to develop and analyze future energy demand, production and CO2 emissions in Pakistan from 2020 to 2040. The model is developed based on Governmental Progressive Scenario (GPS), which forecasts sector wise (agriculture, commercial, domestic, industrial and others) energy demand of the country, and analyzes future energy supply pattern based on the domestic energy sources like RLNG, hydro, coal, natural gas, nuclear, furnace oil and renewable (wind, solar, biomass). The results of this study show that the growth rates of future energy supply and demand are 18% and 11% respectively. CO2 emissions based on future energy production are also forecasted from 2020 to 2040 which is showing declining trend due to the use of cleaner technologies in the future. The total cost of energy projects is also forecasted based on net present value at a discount rate of 4%, 8% and 12%. It is found that energy projects cost will be 50% less at discount rate of 8%. The results of this study are useful in making long term energy and environmental planning and policy formulation in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid increase of the electrical power demand gave rise to many challenging situations for power system control engineers as the transmission lines are operating at their maximum capacity in most developing economies. To solve this, Distributed Generation (DG), i.e. the generation of electrical power in a distribution network that provides clean energy, is gaining popularity. There are several challenges the protection of distribution networks faces after DG installation, such as variations in short circuit levels, protection blinding, reverse power flow, protection coordination, change in fault impedance, recloser-fuse coordination, selectivity, unsynchronized reclosing, false tripping, etc. In this paper, an IEEE 13-Bus System Radial Distribution System is simulated using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP), various scenarios of DG placement are considered, their impact on the protection system is analyzed, and different techniques are proposed to minimize the effect on protection coordination. The use of directional relays, current limiting reactors, and small magnitude DGs is tested and analyzed. The way this effect varies by changing the location of DG is also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an energy plan for harnessing electrical power from hybrid energy resources, including biomass and solid waste, through hybrid technologies for microgrid development to overcome the current energy crisis and provide future sustainable electricity pathways for a developing country. Biomass and solid waste were collected from different dumping sites in Pakistan and were tested for their calorific value, which was found to be 6519Kcal/Kg. The total power was calculated based on this calorific value and it was found that there is a potential of total 11,989.5GW of power generation. Thus, hybrid energy resources are suitable for harnessing electrical energy through hybrid technologies. Different hybrid systems were examined for these resources and the gasification technique is finally proposed as the most suitable method for producing energy from biomass and solid waste resources in Pakistan. This technique is also found to be economically feasible for processing all kinds of waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]