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1. The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Abdo, A.A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Ampe, J., Anderson, B., Atwood, W.B., Axelsson, M., Bagagli, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bartelt, J., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B.M., Bechtol, K., Bédérède, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Belli, F., Berenji, B., Bisello, D., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E.D., Bogaert, G., Bogart, J.R., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A.W., Bourgeois, P., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T.H., Busetto, G., Caliandro, G.A., Cameron, R.A., Campell, M., Caraveo, P.A., Carius, S., Carlson, P., Casandjian, J.M., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C.C., Chiang, J., Chipaux, R., Cillis, A.N., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Condamoor, S., Conrad, J., Corbet, R., Cutini, S., Davis, D.S., DeKlotz, M., Dermer, C.D., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Digel, S.W., Dizon, P., Dormody, M., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P.S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Fabiani, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E.C., Ferreira, O., Fewtrell, Z., Flath, D.L., Fleury, P., Focke, W.B., Fouts, K., Frailis, M., Freytag, D., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goodman, J., Grenier, I.A., Grondin, M.-H., Grove, J.E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hakimi, M., Haller, G., Hanabata, Y., Hart, P.A., Hascall, P., Hays, E., Huffer, M., Hughes, R.E., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A.S., Johnson, R.P., Johnson, T.J., Johnson, W.N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kavelaars, A., Kelly, H., Kerr, M., Klamra, W., Knödlseder, J., Kocian, M.L., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Lavalley, C., Leas, B., Lee, B., Lee, S.-H., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M.N., Lubrano, P., Lung, D.K., Madejski, G.M., Makeev, A., Marangelli, B., Marchetti, M., Massai, M.M., May, D., Mazzenga, G., Mazziotta, M.N., McEnery, J.E., McGlynn, S., Meurer, C., Michelson, P.F., Minuti, M., Mirizzi, N., Mitra, P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A.A., Mongelli, M., Monte, C., Monzani, M.E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I.V., Murgia, S., Nelson, D., Nilsson, L., Nishino, S., Nolan, P.L., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J.F., Ozaki, M., Paccagnella, A., Paneque, D., Panetta, J.H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Picozza, P., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Porter, T.A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rapposelli, E., Raynor, W., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Reyes, L.C., Ritz, S., Robinson, S., Rochester, L.S., Rodriguez, A.Y., Romani, R.W., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sacchetti, A., Sadrozinski, H.F.-W., Saggini, N., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Sapozhnikov, L., Saxton, O.H., Saz Parkinson, P.M., Sellerholm, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E.J., Smith, D.A., Smith, P.D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J.-L., Stephens, T.E., Strickman, M.S., Strong, A.W., Sugizaki, M., Suson, D.J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tenze, A., Thayer, J.B., Thayer, J.G., Thompson, D.J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D.F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Turri, M., Usher, T.L., Vilchez, N., Virmani, N., Vitale, V., Wai, L.L., Waite, A.P., Wang, P., Winer, B.L., Wood, D.L., Wood, K.S., Yasuda, H., Ylinen, T., and Ziegler, M.

Published
2009
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9. The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope RID G-1145-2010 RID G-6769-2011 RID A-5582-2009 RID D-9467-2011

Author

Abdo, Aa, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Ampe, J, Anderson, B, Atwood, Wb, Axelsson, M, Bagagli, R, Baldini, Luca, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bartelt, J, Bastieri, D, Baughman, Bm, Bechtol, K, Bederede, D, Bellardi, F, Bellazzini, R, Belli, F, Berenji, B, Bisello, D, Bissaldi, E, Bloom, Ed, Bogaert, G, Bogart, Jr, Bonamente, E, Borgland, Aw, Bourgeois, P, Bouvier, A, Bregeon, J, Brez, A, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Burnett, Th, Busetto, G, Caliandro, Ga, Cameron, Ra, Campell, M, Caraveo, Pa, Carius, S, Carlson, P, Casandjian, Jm, Cavazzuti, E, Ceccanti, M, Cecchi, C, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, Cc, Chiang, J, Chipaux, R, Cillis, An, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen Tanugi, J, Condamoor, S, Conrad, J, Corbet, R, Cutini, S, Davis, Ds, Deklotz, M, Dermer, Cd, de Angelis, A, de Palma, F, Digel, Sw, Dizon, P, Dormody, M, Silva, Ede, Drell, Ps, Dubois, R, Dumora, D, Edmonds, Y, Fabiani, D, Farnier, C, Favuzzi, C, Ferrara, Ec, Ferreira, O, Fewtrell, Z, Flath, Dl, Fleury, P, Focke, Wb, Fouts, K, Frailis, M, Freytag, D, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Garganov, F, Gasparrini, D, Gehrelscao, N, Germani, S, Giebels, B, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Goodman, J, Grenier, Ia, Grondin, Mh, Grove, Je, Guillemot, L, Guiriec, S, Hakimi, M, Haller, G, Hanabata, Y, Hart, Pa, Hascall, P, Hays, E, Huffer, M, Hughes, Re, Johannesson, G, Johnson, As, Johnson, Rp, Johnson, Tj, Johnson, Wn, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Kataoka, J, Kavelaars, A, Kelly, H, Kerr, M, Klamra, W, Knodlseder, J, Kocian, Ml, Kuehn, F, Kuss, M, Latronico, L, Lavalley, C, Leas, B, Lee, B, Lee, Sh, Lemoine Goumard, M, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, Mn, Lubrano, P, Lung, Dk, Madejski, Gm, Makeev, A, Marangelli, B, Marchetti, M, Massai, MARCO MARIA, May, D, Mazzenga, G, Mazziotta, Mn, Mcenery, Je, Mcglynn, S, Meurer, C, Michelson, Pf, Minuti, M, Mirizzi, N, Mitra, P, Mitthumsiri, W, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, Aa, Mongelli, M, Monte, C, Monzani, Me, Moretti, E, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, Iv, Murgia, S, Nelson, D, Nilsson, L, Nishino, S, Nolan, Pl, Nuss, E, Ohno, M, Ohsugi, T, Omodei, N, Orlando, E, Ormes, Jf, Ozaki, M, Paccagnella, A, Paneque, D, Panetta, Jh, Parent, D, Pelassa, V, Pepe, M, Pesce Rollins, M, Picozza, P, Pinchera, M, Piron, F, Porter, Ta, Raino, S, Rando, R, Rapposelli, E, Raynor, W, Razzano, Massimiliano, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reposeur, T, Reyes, Lc, Ritz, S, Robinson, S, Rochester, Ls, Rodriguez, Ay, Romani, Rw, Roth, M, Ryde, F, Sacchetti, A, Sadrozinski, Hfw, Saggini, N, Sanchez, D, Sander, A, Sapozhnikov, L, Saxton, Oh, Parkinson, Pms, Sellerholm, A, Sgro, C, Siskind, Ej, Smith, Da, Smith, Pd, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Starck, Jl, Stephens, Te, Strickman, Ms, Strong, Aw, Sugizaki, M, Suson, Dj, Tajima, H, Takahashi, H, Takahashi, T, Tanaka, T, Tenze, A, Thayer, Jb, Thayer, Jg, Thompson, Dj, Tibaldo, L, Tibolla, O, Torres, Df, Tosti, G, Tramacere, A, Turri, M, Usher, Tl, Vilchez, N, Virmani, N, Vitale, V, Wai, Ll, Waite, Ap, Wang, P, Winer, Bl, Wood, Dl, Wood, Ks, Yasuda, H, Ylinen, T, and Ziegler, M.

Published
2009

10. Integration and Testing Challenges of the Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) Phase III Bus Standards Prototype

Author

Raynor, W. C., Specht, T. J., Braun, W. R., Rossland, E. A., LaCava, S. N., Johnson, M. S., Stadter, P. A., Apland, C. T., Bruzzi, J. R., Marley, M. T., Raynor, W. C., Specht, T. J., Braun, W. R., Rossland, E. A., LaCava, S. N., Johnson, M. S., Stadter, P. A., Apland, C. T., Bruzzi, J. R., and Marley, M. T.

Abstract

On 25 April 2008 the Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) Phase III Bus Prototype spacecraft, being used for the TacSat-4 mission, was successfully bought off by the Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E), formerly the Office of Force Transformation, the sponsor of this major third phase of the four-phase Standard Bus Initiative. On 30 May 2008 the flight lithium-ion battery was formally delivered. These two events officially marked the completion of the prototype Bus and delivery to the TacSat-4 program. The objective of the Office of the Secretary of Defense's ORS Standard Bus Initiative is to develop and test bus standards and then transition them for acquisition. Ideally, one or two different types of spacecraft buses will support a variety of interchangeable payloads, to achieve the ORS goal of rapid integration, launch, and deployment of satellites in response to emerging needs. To achieve the modularity and responsiveness envisioned for an ORS system, standardized interfaces between, and potentially within, the buses, payloads, and boosters have to be developed and verified. This article presents the challenges of performing spacecraft electrical, mechanical, and system integration and testing (I&T) to develop and mature ORS bus standards in the absence of a payload., Published in NRL Review, p250-253, 2009. Prepared in cooperation with The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, and with Harris IT Services.

Published
2009

11. The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Ampe, J., Anderson, B., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Bagagli, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bartelt, J., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bédérède, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Belli, F., Berenji, B., Bisello, D., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bogaert, G., Bogart, J. R., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bourgeois, P., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Busetto, G., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Campell, M., Caraveo, P. A., Carius, S., Carlson, P., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chipaux, R., Cillis, A. N., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Condamoor, S., Conrad, J., Corbet, R., Cutini, S., Davis, D. S., Deklotz, M., Dermer, C. D., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Dizon, P., Dormody, M., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Fabiani, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Ferreira, O., Fewtrell, Z., Flath, D. L., Fleury, P., Focke, W. B., Fouts, K., Frailis, M., Freytag, D., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goodman, J., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M.-H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hakimi, M., Haller, G., Hanabata, Y., Hart, P. A., Hascall, P., Hays, E., Huffer, M., Hughes, R. E., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kavelaars, A., Kelly, H., Kerr, M., Klamra, W., Knödlseder, J., Kocian, M. L., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Lavalley, C., Leas, B., Lee, B., Lee, S.-H., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Lung, D. K., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Marangelli, B., Marchetti, M., Massai, M. M., May, D., Mazzenga, G., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., McGlynn, S., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Minuti, M., Mirizzi, N., Mitra, P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Mongelli, M., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nelson, D., Nilsson, L., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paccagnella, A., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Picozza, P., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rapposelli, E., Raynor, W., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Robinson, S., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sacchetti, A., Sadrozinski, H. F.-W., Saggini, N., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Sapozhnikov, L., Saxton, O. H., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Sellerholm, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J.-L., Stephens, T. E., Strickman, M. S., Strong, A. W., Sugizaki, M., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tenze, A., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Turri, M., Usher, T. L., Vilchez, N., Virmani, N., Vitale, V., Wai, L. L., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, D. L., Wood, K. S., Yasuda, H., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Ampe, J., Anderson, B., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Bagagli, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bartelt, J., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bédérède, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Belli, F., Berenji, B., Bisello, D., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bogaert, G., Bogart, J. R., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bourgeois, P., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Busetto, G., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Campell, M., Caraveo, P. A., Carius, S., Carlson, P., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chipaux, R., Cillis, A. N., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Condamoor, S., Conrad, J., Corbet, R., Cutini, S., Davis, D. S., Deklotz, M., Dermer, C. D., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Dizon, P., Dormody, M., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Fabiani, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Ferreira, O., Fewtrell, Z., Flath, D. L., Fleury, P., Focke, W. B., Fouts, K., Frailis, M., Freytag, D., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goodman, J., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M.-H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hakimi, M., Haller, G., Hanabata, Y., Hart, P. A., Hascall, P., Hays, E., Huffer, M., Hughes, R. E., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kavelaars, A., Kelly, H., Kerr, M., Klamra, W., Knödlseder, J., Kocian, M. L., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Lavalley, C., Leas, B., Lee, B., Lee, S.-H., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Lung, D. K., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Marangelli, B., Marchetti, M., Massai, M. M., May, D., Mazzenga, G., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., McGlynn, S., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Minuti, M., Mirizzi, N., Mitra, P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Mongelli, M., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nelson, D., Nilsson, L., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paccagnella, A., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Picozza, P., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rapposelli, E., Raynor, W., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Robinson, S., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sacchetti, A., Sadrozinski, H. F.-W., Saggini, N., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Sapozhnikov, L., Saxton, O. H., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Sellerholm, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J.-L., Stephens, T. E., Strickman, M. S., Strong, A. W., Sugizaki, M., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tenze, A., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Turri, M., Usher, T. L., Vilchez, N., Virmani, N., Vitale, V., Wai, L. L., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, D. L., Wood, K. S., Yasuda, H., Ylinen, T., and Ziegler, M.

Abstract

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope began its on-orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on-orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009.

Published
2009
Full Text
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12. The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Abdo, A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Ampe, J., Anderson, B., Atwood, W., Axelsson, M., Bagagli, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bartelt, J., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B., Bechtol, K., Bederede, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Belli, F., Berenji, B., Bisello, D., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E., Bogaert, G., Bogart, J., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A., Bourgeois, P., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T., Busetto, G., Caliandro, G., Cameron, R., Campell, M., Caraveo, P., Carius, S., Carlson, P., Casandjian, J., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C., Chiang, J., Chipaux, R., Cillis, A., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Condamoor, S., Conrad, J., Corbet, R., Cutini, S., Davis, D., DeKlotz, M., Dermer, C., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Digel, S., Dizon, P., Dormody, M., Do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Fabiani, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E., Ferreira, O., Fewtrell, Z., Flath, D., Fleury, P., Focke, W., Fouts, K., Frailis, M., Freytag, D., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goodman, J., Grenier, I., Grondin, M., Grove, J., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hakimi, M., Haller, G., Hanabata, Y., Hart, P., Hascall, P., Hays, E., Huffer, M., Hughes, R., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnson, W., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kavelaars, A., Kelly, H., Kerr, M., Klamra, W., Knödlseder, J., Kocian, M., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Lavalley, C., Leas, B., Lee, B., Lee, S., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M., Lubrano, P., Lung, D., Madejski, G., Makeev, A., Marangelli, B., Marchetti, M., Massai, M., May, D., Mazzenga, G., Mazziotta, M., McEnery, J., McGlynn, S., Meurer, C., Michelson, P., Minuti, M., Mirizzi, N., Mitra, P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A., Mongelli, M., Monte, C., Monzani, M., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I., Murgia, S., Nelson, D., Nilsson, L., Nishino, S., Nolan, P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J., Ozaki, M., Paccagnella, A., Paneque, D., Panetta, J., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Picozza, P., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Porter, T., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rapposelli, E., Raynor, W., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Reyes, L., Ritz, S., Robinson, S., Rochester, L., Rodriguez, A., Romani, R., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sacchetti, A., Sadrozinski, H., Saggini, N., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Sapozhnikov, L., Saxton, O., Saz Parkinson, P., Sellerholm, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E., Smith, D., Smith, P., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J., Stephens, T., Strickman, M., Strong, A., Sugizaki, M., Suson, D., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tenze, A., Thayer, J., Thompson, D., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, Omar, Torres, D., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Turri, M., Usher, T., Vilchez, N., Virmani, N., Vitale, V., Wai, L., Waite, A., Wang, P., Winer, B., Wood, D., Wood, K., Yasuda, H., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Abdo, A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Ampe, J., Anderson, B., Atwood, W., Axelsson, M., Bagagli, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bartelt, J., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B., Bechtol, K., Bederede, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Belli, F., Berenji, B., Bisello, D., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E., Bogaert, G., Bogart, J., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A., Bourgeois, P., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T., Busetto, G., Caliandro, G., Cameron, R., Campell, M., Caraveo, P., Carius, S., Carlson, P., Casandjian, J., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C., Chiang, J., Chipaux, R., Cillis, A., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Condamoor, S., Conrad, J., Corbet, R., Cutini, S., Davis, D., DeKlotz, M., Dermer, C., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Digel, S., Dizon, P., Dormody, M., Do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Fabiani, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E., Ferreira, O., Fewtrell, Z., Flath, D., Fleury, P., Focke, W., Fouts, K., Frailis, M., Freytag, D., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goodman, J., Grenier, I., Grondin, M., Grove, J., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hakimi, M., Haller, G., Hanabata, Y., Hart, P., Hascall, P., Hays, E., Huffer, M., Hughes, R., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnson, W., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kavelaars, A., Kelly, H., Kerr, M., Klamra, W., Knödlseder, J., Kocian, M., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Lavalley, C., Leas, B., Lee, B., Lee, S., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M., Lubrano, P., Lung, D., Madejski, G., Makeev, A., Marangelli, B., Marchetti, M., Massai, M., May, D., Mazzenga, G., Mazziotta, M., McEnery, J., McGlynn, S., Meurer, C., Michelson, P., Minuti, M., Mirizzi, N., Mitra, P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A., Mongelli, M., Monte, C., Monzani, M., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I., Murgia, S., Nelson, D., Nilsson, L., Nishino, S., Nolan, P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J., Ozaki, M., Paccagnella, A., Paneque, D., Panetta, J., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Picozza, P., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Porter, T., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rapposelli, E., Raynor, W., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Reyes, L., Ritz, S., Robinson, S., Rochester, L., Rodriguez, A., Romani, R., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sacchetti, A., Sadrozinski, H., Saggini, N., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Sapozhnikov, L., Saxton, O., Saz Parkinson, P., Sellerholm, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E., Smith, D., Smith, P., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J., Stephens, T., Strickman, M., Strong, A., Sugizaki, M., Suson, D., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tenze, A., Thayer, J., Thompson, D., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, Omar, Torres, D., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Turri, M., Usher, T., Vilchez, N., Virmani, N., Vitale, V., Wai, L., Waite, A., Wang, P., Winer, B., Wood, D., Wood, K., Yasuda, H., Ylinen, T., and Ziegler, M.

Abstract

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope began its on-orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on-orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009.

Published
2009

13. Studies of mononuclear phagocyte function in the rat. I. Saturation and recovery following intravenous administration of soluble human serum albumin (HSA)--anti--HSA complexes.

Author

Bourne, J. T., Raynor, W. J., and Jones, J. Verrier

Subjects
*MACROPHAGES, *RETICULO-endothelial system, *CONNECTIVE tissue cells, *SERUM albumin, *BLOOD proteins, *ALBUMINS
Abstract

We have attempted to demonstrate saturation of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in the Long Evans rat following intravenous administration of Increasing doses of soluble HAS-125-anti-HSA complexes. The fate of large( > IIS) complexes was followed by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of serial serum samples in rats receiving 005-0 16 mg anti-HSA/g body weight. Administration of complexes provoked a rapid and profound increase in vascular permeability. Under these conditions no steady state clearance velocity for <1IS complexes could be established. The quantity of <11S complexes removed from the circulation in the 1st hr never became independent of the initial dose. Specific immune complex uptake by the liver reached a maximum in rats receiving 0 09 mg anti-HSA/g body weight. Above this dose specific uptake decreased. Clearance of a tracer dose of complexes in rats pre-loaded with complexes containing 0-06 mg anti-HSA/g body weight was delayed for more than 3 hr. This was cautiously interpreted to indicate the period required for MPS recovery. The pattern of immune complex clearance in the context of marked changes in vascular permeability raised the possibility that maximum uptake was determined not by saturation of the mononuclear phagocyte system but by impaired hepatic perfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1983

14. Psychological depression and 17-year risk of death from cancer.

Author

Shekelle, Richard B., Raynor Jr., William J., Ostfeld, Adrian M., Garron, David C., Bieliauskas, Linas A., Liu, Shuguey C., Maliza, Carol, Paul, Oglesby, Shekelle, R B, Raynor, W J Jr, Ostfeld, A M, Garron, D C, Bieliauskas, L A, Liu, S C, Maliza, C, and Paul, O

Published
1981

15. High blood pressure and 17-year cancer mortality in the Western Electric Health Study.

Author

Raynor, W J, Shekelle, R B, Rossof, A H, Maliza, C, and Paul, O

Abstract

A positive association between elevated blood pressure and risk of death from cancer has been observed in four long-term prospective studies. In the Western Electric Health Study, the relationship was specific to death from renal cell carcinomas and epidermoid cancers of the head and neck. The relationship with epidermoid head and neck cancer was indirect, resulting from the effects of alcohol consumption on both blood pressure and on risk of this cancer. The relationship with kidney cancer was probably due to effects of abnormal renal cell activity. The association between blood pressure and cancer mortality at other sites was not significant.

Published
1981
Full Text
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16. Studies of mononuclear phagocyte function in the rat. I. Saturation and recovery following intravenous administration of soluble human serum albumin (HSA)--anti-HSA complexes

Author

Bourne, J T, Raynor, W J, and Verrier Jones, J

Subjects
Male, Phagocytes, Time Factors, Antigen-Antibody Complex, Antibodies, Rats, Capillary Permeability, Iodine Radioisotopes, Liver, Centrifugation, Density Gradient, Animals, Humans, Serum Albumin, Research Article
Abstract

We have attempted to demonstrate saturation of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in the Long Evans rat following intravenous administration of increasing doses of soluble HSA--125I-anti-HSA complexes. The fate of large (greater than 11S) complexes was followed by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of serial serum samples in rats receiving 0.005-0.16 mg anti-HSA/g body weight. Administration of complexes provoked a rapid and profound increase in vascular permeability. Under these conditions no steady state clearance velocity for greater than 11S complexes could be established. The quantity of greater than 11S complexes removed from the circulation in the 1st hr never became independent of the initial dose. Specific immune complex uptake by the liver reached a maximum in rats receiving 0.09 mg anti-HSA/g body weight. Above this dose specific uptake decreased. Clearance of a tracer dose of complexes in rats pre-loaded with complexes containing 0.06 mg anti-HSA/g body weight was delayed for more than 3 hr. This was cautiously interpreted to indicate the period required for MPS recovery. The pattern of immune complex clearance in the context of marked changes in vascular permeability raised the possibility that maximum uptake was determined not by saturation of the mononuclear phagocyte system but by impaired hepatic perfusion.

Published
1983

18. TacSat-4, Advanced UHF SATCOM.

Author

Hurley, M., Raynor, W., Johnson, M., Weldy, K., Becker, E., Amend, C., Nurnberger, M., Duffey, T., Skalitzky, R., Specht, T., Bradley, E., Baldauff, R., Arminger, J., Barnds, J., Akins, K., Hicks, J., Sydow, E., Sandhoo, G., Bentz, D., and Davis, B.

Subjects
SPACE vehicles, ARTIFICIAL satellites, ROCKET payloads, COMMUNICATION
Abstract

The article offers information on the U.S. Navy's TacSat-4 spacecraft which aims to advance operationally responsive space systems and improve current satellite communications capabilities. It provides a summary of the mission of TacSat-4 and explores several of its features including ultra high frequency channels, payload antenna, and thermal subsystem. It notes that TacSat-4 has been completed and will be launched into space in late 2010.

Published
2010

19. Fiber Optics Application Study.

Author

GTE SYLVANIA INC NEEDHAM HEIGHTS MASS ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS GROUP-EASTERN DIV, Taylor,Raynor W, GTE SYLVANIA INC NEEDHAM HEIGHTS MASS ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS GROUP-EASTERN DIV, and Taylor,Raynor W

Abstract

Candidate applications for fiber optics in the TRITAC network are identified and sufficient technical data presented in support of the selection of the AN/TTC-39 intershelter cabling application for further feasibility development. During the initial phase of this study, the overall TRITAC network was examined and several potential applications identified and categorized. This list of applications was ranked in order of desirability according to criteria developed during the course of the study. Upon review and concurrence by ECOM, the ANTTC-39 intershelter application was selected and a detailed study made leading to preparation of the performance requirements for a subsequent feasibility development. These requirements include electrical and mechanical interface characteristics, multiplexing techniques, optical link design and performance requirements in sufficient detail to allow preparation of a specification for an exploratory developmental model. (Author)

Published
1977

20. Effects of age and weight on the metabolic activities of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spines as measured by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in healthy males

Author

Ayubcha, C., Zadeh, M. Z., Rajapakse, C. S., Jan Hartvigsen, Stochkendahl, M. J., Raynor, W., Acosta-Montenegro, O., Werner, T., Zhuang, H., Høilund-Carlsen, P. F., and Alavi, A.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Thoracic Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging, Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging, Body Weight, Spine/diagnostic imaging, Middle Aged, Healthy Volunteers, Aging/metabolism, Young Adult, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron-Emission Tomography, Axis, Cervical Vertebra/diagnostic imaging, Humans, Pain/diagnostic imaging, Aged
Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to explore the age and weight-related metabolic trends in the spines of healthy male subjects using uorine-18 uorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( 18F-FDG PET) imaging. Subjects and Methods: Forty three healthy male subjects (age 23-75 years, weight 50-145kg) were selected from the CAMONA study. A global assessment methodology was applied to the subjects' 18F-FDG 180 minute scans, where each region of the spine (cervical, thoracic and lumbar) was individually encapsulated in a single region of interest, and standardized uptake value (SUVmean) was calculated per respective region. Results: SUVmean increased signicantly with weight in both the thoracic spine (Slope=0.0066, P= 0.001) and lumbar spine (Slope=0.0087, P18F-FDG PET to assess metabolic processes in the spine. The data provided evidence of weight dependent metabolic activity, likely related to inammation. This study offers a methodological precedent that can be applied to studies in populations with back pain.

33. The On-orbit Calibrations for the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Luca Baldini, M. Hakimi, N. Saggini, Wlodzimierz Klamra, Roger W. Romani, Staffan Carius, G. Busetto, Brian L Winer, M. Ceccanti, Carmelo Sgrò, L. Guillemot, S. Cutini, A. A. Moiseev, David Paneque, M. Campell, M. Kuss, M. Mongelli, P. Fleury, Michele Pinchera, J. M. Casandjian, C. Meurer, A. Makeev, F. Belli, G. Mazzenga, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, N. Virmani, H. Kelly, Hiromitsu Takahashi, F. Gargano, M. E. Monzani, Luca Latronico, R. E. Hughes, F. Loparco, W. Mitthumsiri, David Sanchez, Keith Bechtol, S. Ritz, Charles D. Dermer, P. Bourgeois, R. Chipaux, E. Do Couto E Silva, G. Godfrey, P. Dizon, Francesco Longo, P. Picozza, Hartmut Sadrozinski, A. Sacchetti, Shiu-Hang Lee, Elena Moretti, A. P. Waite, F. Bellardi, Stefan Funk, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, M.M. Massai, E. Orlando, Brandon Anderson, Sho Nishino, A. Kavelaars, Y. Edmonds, Jean Ballet, A. Tramacere, D. Fabiani, D. L. Wood, Christian Farnier, Takaaki Tanaka, Stefano Ciprini, M. Ozaki, Nicola Omodei, B. Marangelli, T. H. Burnett, Denis Bastieri, D. J. Thompson, Elliott D. Bloom, B. M. Baughman, F. de Palma, J. Bartelt, E. J. Siskind, J. R. Bogart, J. Goodman, T. Ylinen, D. Freytag, M. Ziegler, W. N. Johnson, D. Parent, S. Murgia, T. Ohsugi, Dario Bisello, Massimo Minuti, Alessandro Brez, A. Chekhtman, J. H. Panetta, F. Kuehn, P. L. Nolan, Magnus Axelsson, V. Pelassa, N. Vilchez, Markus Ackermann, S. Germani, F. Piron, G. M. Madejski, A. N. Cillis, Masanori Ohno, S. McGlynn, R. Dubois, Marianne Lemoine-Goumard, Robin H. D. Corbet, W. B. Focke, D. L. Flath, Sylvain Guiriec, A. Sander, T. A. Porter, P. Spinelli, M. Razzano, Eric Nuss, David A. Smith, S. Condamoor, Julie McEnery, L. C. Reyes, S. Robinson, Francesco Giordano, Neil Gehrels, P. Hascall, A. Reimer, L.L. Wai, W. Raynor, Tyrel J. Johnson, T. Kamae, R. A. Cameron, Ronaldo Bellazzini, K. Fouts, P. Lubrano, P. M. Saz Parkinson, P. Bruel, M. Turri, K. S. Wood, C. C. Cheung, M. Roth, O. Ferreira, Martin Kocian, A. De Angelis, Jürgen Knödlseder, G. Tosti, N. Mirizzi, M. Brigida, Y. Hanabata, Igor V. Moskalenko, P. Mitra, J. G. Thayer, Olaf Reimer, T. E. Stephens, D. Bédérède, B. Giebels, B. Berenji, T. Reposeur, D. Dumora, M. Huffer, A. W. Borgland, C. Lavalley, Gudlaugur Johannesson, Elisabetta Bissaldi, J. Ampe, Felix Ryde, G. A. Caliandro, Andrew W. Strong, Guido Barbiellini, C. Favuzzi, M. Frailis, L. S. Rochester, Marco Ajello, J. B. Thayer, A. Tenze, O. Tibolla, L. Tibaldo, P. Wang, G. Bogaert, Emanuele Bonamente, T. L. Usher, Eric Charles, A. Y. Rodriguez, David S. Davis, D. J. Suson, Tadayuki Takahashi, B. Leas, Z. Fewtrell, W. B. Atwood, Seth Digel, Nicola Giglietto, M. N. Mazziotta, P. A. Hart, Alessandro Paccagnella, L. Nilsson, A. Sellerholm, E. Hays, James Chiang, P. Carlson, M. N. Lovellette, P. A. Caraveo, Persis S. Drell, Gunther Haller, Hideaki Katagiri, Claudia Cecchi, D. Nelson, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, M. S. Strickman, Jean-Luc Starck, R. Claus, E. Rapposelli, A. Morselli, V. Vitale, M.-H. Grondin, J. F. Ormes, J. Bregeon, Hiroyasu Tajima, B. Lee, Jan Conrad, L. Sapozhnikov, M. Marchetti, P. D. Smith, Peter F. Michelson, A. A. Abdo, R. Bagagli, D. May, A. Bouvier, Dario Gasparrini, C. Monte, D.K. Lung, Jun Kataoka, M. Deklotz, Diego F. Torres, I. A. Grenier, A. S. Johnson, E. Cavazzuti, Robert R. Rando, M. Dormody, T. Glanzman, Benoit Lott, M. Pepe, P. Fusco, M. Sugizaki, Gloria Spandre, Matthew Kerr, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Hajimu Yasuda, R. P. Johnson, J. E. Grove, Yasushi Fukazawa, O.H. Saxton, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Ampe, J., Anderson, B., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Bagagli, R., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, Bartelt, J., Bastieri, D., Baughman, B. M., Bechtol, K., Bederede, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Belli, F., Berenji, B., Bisello, D., Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Bloom, E. D., Bogaert, G., Bogart, J. R., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bourgeois, P., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Burnett, T. H., Busetto, G., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Campell, M., Caraveo, P. A., Carius, S., Carlson, P., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chipaux, R., Cillis, A. N., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Condamoor, S., Conrad, J., Corbet, R., Cutini, S., Davis, D. S., Deklotz, M., Dermer, C. D., Angelis, A. d., Palma, F. d., Digel, S. W., Dizon, P., Dormody, M., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Edmonds, Y., Fabiani, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Ferreira, O., Fewtrell, Z., Flath, D. L., Fleury, P., Focke, W. B., Fouts, K., Frailis, M., Freytag, D., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Garganov, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrelscao, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Goodman, J., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hakimi, M., Haller, G., Hanabata, Y., Hart, P. A., Hascall, P., Hays, E., Huffer, M., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kavelaars, A., Kelly, H., Kerr, M., Klamra, W., Knodlseder, J., Kocian, M. L., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Latronico, L., Lavalley, C., Leas, B., Lee, B., Lee, S. H., Lemoine Goumard, M., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Lung, D. K., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Marangelli, B., Marchetti, M., Massai, M. M., May, D., Mazzenga, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mcglynn, S., Meurer, C., Michelson, P. F., Minuti, M., Mirizzi, N., Mitra, P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Mongelli, M., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nelson, D., Nilsson, L., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paccagnella, A., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce Rollins, M., Picozza, P., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rapposelli, E., Raynor, W., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Robinson, S., Rochester, L. S., Rodriguez, A. Y., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Ryde, F., Sacchetti, A., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Saggini, N., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Sapozhnikov, L., Saxton, O. H., Parkinson, P. M. S., Sellerholm, A., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J. L., Stephens, T. E., Strickman, M. S., Strong, A. W., Sugizaki, M., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Tenze, A., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Turri, M., Usher, T. L., Vilchez, N., Virmani, N., Vitale, V., Wai, L. L., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, D. L., Wood, K. S., Yasuda, H., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Fermi satellite, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, GLAST, law.invention, Gamma-ray, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, 07.87.+v, 95.55.Ka, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, FGST, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Fermi, LAT, Calibrations, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spacecraft, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Detectors, South Atlantic Anomaly, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on--board the Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope began its on--orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009., 60 pages, 34 figures, submitted to Astroparticle Physics

Published
2009

35. Carcinoid crisis in Lutetium-177-Dotatate therapy of neuroendocrine tumors: an overview of pathophysiology, risk factors, recognition, and treatment.

Author

Sozio SJ, Raynor W, Becker MC, Yudd A, and Kempf JS

Abstract

Purpose: Lutetium-177-Dotatate (Lutathera ® ) is a combined radionuclide-peptide that is FDA-approved for the treatment of well-differentiated, somatostatin receptor-positive, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Carcinoid crisis is a rare, but potentially life-threatening risk of this radiopharmaceutical, of which prompt recognition and treatment is essential to reducing morbidity. This manuscript provides an overview of the topic to promote awareness of this adverse event, with emphasis on early recognition and management. In addition, we present our institution's experience with Lutetium-177-Dotatate-associated complications across a five-year period., Methods: A literature review of lutetium-177-dotatate therapy and its potential implication of carcinoid crisis was performed. Additionally, a review of our institution's experience is presented., Results: The incidence of carcinoid crisis induced by Lutetium-177-Dotatate therapy is estimated to range between 1 and 2% of treatment recipients. Those who have tumors located within the midgut, higher tumor burden, and the presence of metastasis have an increased risk of developing carcinoid crisis, among other risk factors. Carcinoid crisis is most often encountered within 12-48 h of receiving the first treatment dose, with the most common symptoms being nausea/vomiting, flushing, and diarrhea., Conclusion: Carcinoid crisis is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of Lutetium-177-Dotatate therapy. Knowledge of risk factors and prompt recognition of symptoms is essential to successful treatment, with early initiation of intravenous octreotide serving a critical step in reducing morbidity of this adverse event., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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36. FDG-PET in the diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia: a systematic review.

Author

Mirbod M, Ayubcha C, Redden HWK, Teichner E, Subtirelu RC, Patel R, Raynor W, Werner T, Alavi A, and Revheim ME

Subjects
Humans, Aphasia, Primary Progressive diagnostic imaging, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron-Emission Tomography methods
Abstract

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a disease known to affect the frontal and temporal regions of the left hemisphere. PPA is often an indication of future development of dementia, specifically semantic dementia (SD) for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) as an atypical presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this review is to clarify the value of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) in the detection and diagnosis of PPA. A comprehensive review of literature was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The three PPA subtypes show distinct regions of hypometabolism in FDG-PET imaging with SD in the anterior temporal lobes, LPA in the left temporo-parietal junction, and nonfluent/agrammatic Variant PPA (nfvPPA) in the left inferior frontal gyrus and insula. Despite the distinct patterns, overlapping hypometabolic areas can complicate differential diagnosis, especially in patients with SD who are frequently diagnosed with AD. Integration with other diagnostic tools could refine the diagnostic process and lead to improved patient outcomes. Future research should focus on validating these findings in larger populations and exploring the therapeutic implications of early, accurate PPA diagnosis with more targeted therapeutic interventions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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37. Intraoperative OCT-Guided Volumetric Measurements of Subretinal Therapy Delivery in Humans.

Author

Valikodath NG, Li JD, Raynor W, Izatt JA, Toth CA, and Vajzovic L

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate a recently developed technique using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) volumes in patients with submacular hemorrhage secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Three patients (72 to 83 years old) had 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal tPA, and a partial gas fill. An investigational intraoperative OCT system with a modified widefield noncontact indirect viewing apparatus was used to image subretinal tPA blebs. Using the recently developed technique, the volume and surface area in the segmented region of interest were determined. Results: In each case, the delivered tPA volume measured from the syringe differed from the intraoperative OCT-measured subretinal tPA volume: Patient 1, 130 µL from syringe, 118 µL based on intraoperative OCT, 9% difference; Patient 2, 140 µL, 50 µL, 64%; Patient 3, 110 µL, 122 µL, 11%. The total bleb surface area was 129 mm 2 in Patient 1, 55 mm 2 in Patient 2, and 106 mm 2 in Patient 3. Conclusions: This was the first human study to implement and evaluate intraoperative OCT image-based methods to obtain volumetric bleb measurements in patients receiving subretinal tPA for exudative AMD. This proof-of-concept study showed that intraoperative OCT-obtained bleb volume differed from intraoperative recordings, which could be explained by tPA delivery into the vitreous, efflux through the retinotomy, or human error. Intraoperative OCT can provide visualization and quantification of subretinal tPA bleb volume and surface area, which has implications for improved safety, efficacy, and analysis of the effects of subretinal drug delivery., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Dr. Vajzovic has received research funding from Heidelberg Engineering Inc, Orbit Biomedical Inc, Novartis, and Second Sight Inc and has served as a consultant to AERI, Alcon, Alimera Sciences, Allergan, Bausch + Lomb, DORC, Genentech, Guidepoint, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Orbit Biomedical, and Second Sight. Dr. Toth receives royalties through her university from Alcon. Dr. Toth has owner equity and salary in Theia Imaging, LLC. Dr. Vajzovic, Dr. Toth, Mr. Li, Mr. Raynor, and Dr. Izatt have unlicensed and pending patents related to the investigational device and imaging in this study. Dr. Izatt receives royalties through Duke University from Leica Microsystems Inc and has served as a consultant to Alcon., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Published
2024
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38. Erratum: Methods for real-time feature-guided image fusion of intrasurgical volumetric optical coherence tomography with digital microscopy: publisher's note.

Author

Trout RM, Viehland C, Li JD, Raynor W, Dhalla AH, Vajzovic L, Kuo AN, Toth CA, and Izatt JA

Abstract

[This corrects the article on p. 3308 in vol. 14, PMID: 37497493.]., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this article., (© 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.)

Published
2023
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39. NOVEL METHOD FOR VISUALIZING PERIPHERAL RETINAL STRUCTURES WITH MICROSCOPE-INTEGRATED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.

Author

Brodie FL, Feng H, Raynor W, Li JD, Vajzovic L, Izatt JA, McNabb RP, and Toth CA

Subjects
Humans, Tomography, Optical Coherence methods, Retina diagnostic imaging, Retina pathology, Retinal Detachment pathology, Retinoschisis pathology, Retinal Perforations pathology
Abstract

Background/purpose: Visualization of peripheral retinal structures with optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be challenging but can offer valuable clinical information. We describe a method for intraoperative OCT of the peripheral retina., Methods: An investigational microscope-integrated OCT system with real-time 4D volumetric imaging was used in conjunction with a Goldmann style mirrored contact lens intraoperatively to capture peripheral images in three patients., Results: We identified retinoschisis, a retinal break, and areas of focal retinal detachment using our peripheral OCT method., Conclusion: Use of a Goldmann lens in conjunction with intraoperative OCT offers surgeons the ability to resolve peripheral pathology that cannot be easily evaluated with OCT otherwise.

Published
2023
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40. Visualization of surgical maneuvers using intraoperative real-time volumetric optical coherence tomography.

Author

Li JD, Viehland C, Dhalla AH, Trout R, Raynor W, Kuo AN, Toth CA, Vajzovic LM, and Izatt JA

Abstract

Ophthalmic microsurgery is traditionally performed using stereomicroscopes and requires visualization and manipulation of sub-millimeter tissue structures with limited contrast. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality that can provide high-resolution, depth-resolved cross sections, and has become a valuable tool in clinical practice in ophthalmology. While there has been substantial progress in both research and commercialization efforts to bring OCT imaging into live surgery, its use is still somewhat limited due to factors such as low imaging speed, limited scan configurations, and suboptimal data visualization. In this paper we describe, to the best of our knowledge, the translation of the fastest swept-source intraoperative OCT system with real-time volumetric imaging with stereoscopic data visualization provided via a heads-up display into the operating room. Results from a sampling of human anterior segment and retinal surgeries chosen from 93 human surgeries using the system are shown and the benefits that this mode of intrasurgical OCT imaging provides are discussed., Competing Interests: AD: Duke University (P), CZ: Duke University (P), CAT: Duke University Medical Center (P), Alcon Laboratories (R), Theia Imaging (I,C), Emmes (C), LMV: Duke University Medical Center (P), Alcon Inc. (F,C), JAI: Duke University (P), (© 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.)

Published
2023
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41. Methods for real-time feature-guided image fusion of intrasurgical volumetric optical coherence tomography with digital microscopy.

Author

Trout RM, Viehland C, Li JD, Raynor W, Dhalla AH, Vajzovic L, Kuo AN, Toth CA, and Izatt JA

Abstract

4D-microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (4D-MIOCT) is an emergent multimodal imaging technology in which live volumetric OCT (4D-OCT) is implemented in tandem with standard stereo color microscopy. 4D-OCT provides ophthalmic surgeons with many useful visual cues not available in standard microscopy; however it is challenging for the surgeon to effectively integrate cues from simultaneous-but-separate imaging in real-time. In this work, we demonstrate progress towards solving this challenge via the fusion of data from each modality guided by segmented 3D features. In this way, a more readily interpretable visualization that combines and registers important cues from both modalities is presented to the surgeon., Competing Interests: RT: Duke University (P), CV: Duke University (P), JDL: Duke University (P), WR: Duke University Medical Center (P), AD: Duke University (P), Leica Microsystems (P, R), Alcon Inc. (C), LV: Duke University Medical Center (P), AK: Duke University Medical Center (P), Leica Microsystems (P), CT: Duke University Medical Center (P), Alcon Inc. (R), Emmes Inc. (C), Theia Imaging LLC (I), JAI: Duke University (P), Leica Microsystems (P, R), Alcon Inc. (C)., (© 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.)

Published
2023
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42. Quantitative measurements of intraocular structures and microinjection bleb volumes using intraoperative optical coherence tomography.

Author

Li JD, Raynor W, Dhalla AH, Viehland C, Trout R, Toth CA, Vajzovic LM, and Izatt JA

Abstract

Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems provide high-resolution, real-time visualization and/or guidance of microsurgical procedures. While the use of intraoperative OCT in ophthalmology has significantly improved qualitative visualization of surgical procedures inside the eye, new surgical techniques to deliver therapeutics have highlighted the lack of quantitative information available with current-generation intraoperative systems. Indirect viewing systems used for retinal surgeries introduce distortions into the resulting OCT images, making it particularly challenging to make calibrated quantitative measurements. Using an intraoperative OCT system based in part on the Leica Enfocus surgical microscope interface, we have devised novel measurement procedures, which allowed us to build optical and mathematical models to perform validation of quantitative measurements of intraocular structures for intraoperative OCT. These procedures optimize a complete optical model of the sample arm including the OCT scanner, viewing attachments, and the patient's eye, thus obtaining the voxel pitch throughout an OCT volume and performing quantitative measurements of the dimensions of imaged objects within the operative field. We performed initial validation by measuring objects of known size in a controlled eye phantom as well as ex vivo porcine eyes. The technique was then extended to measure other objects and structures in ex vivo porcine eyes and in vivo human eyes., Competing Interests: JDL: Duke University (P), WR: Duke University Medical Center (P), AD: Duke University (P), CZ: Duke University (P), CAT: Duke University Medical Center (P), Alcon Laboratories (R) LMV: Duke University Medical Center (P), Alcon Inc. (F,C), JAI: Duke University (P), (© 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.)

Published
2022
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43. Critical review of PET imaging for detection and characterization of the atherosclerotic plaques with emphasis on limitations of FDG-PET compared to NaF-PET in this setting.

Author

Alavi A, Werner TJ, Raynor W, Høilund-Carlsen PF, and Revheim ME

Abstract

Applications of various positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for assessing atherosclerosis have been evolving over the years. 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET was introduced in 2001 as a probe for this purpose. During the past decade, numerous papers have described a major role for sodium 18 F-fluoride (NaF) as another tracer for assessing this vascular disease. We have reviewed the existing data about the merits of both techniques for assessing atherosclerosis. We have to emphasize that our team has been actively involved in conducting research with both tracers over many years. In this review, we have relied upon the data from the CAMONA study which has become a gold standard for defining the role of PET imaging in atherosclerosis. This study was one of the largest of any in recent years and has allowed comprehensive comparison between these two tracers in detecting and quantifying atherosclerosis. Based on what we have learned from this major undertaking, we believe the role of FDG-PET will be limited in assessing atherosclerosis in clinical work-up. This is relevant to both major and coronary arteries. In contrast to NaF-PET, the role of FDG-PET in assessing coronary artery atherosclerosis is almost non-existent. Based on the existing data in this domain, NaF-PET is an ideal imaging modality for both research and clinical assessment of atherosclerosis. The aim of this review is to describe the pros and cons of both approaches based on the existing data in the literature., Competing Interests: None., (AJNMMI Copyright © 2021.)

Published
2021

44. A novel three-dimensional printed device to improve the safety of trocar insertion in hypotonous eyes.

Author

Michalak SM, Therattil A, Raynor W, and Brodie FL

Subjects
Animals, Swine, Surgical Instruments
Abstract

The force required for trocar insertion in hypotonous eyes can cause significant deformation of the globe and result in an iatrogenic injury to the lens, posterior capsule, or retina from the sharp trocar tip. We developed a device designed to stabilize the globe and provide counterpressure without significant globe deformation during trocar insertion. Our novel device was modeled using computer-aided design software, three-dimensional (3D) printed, and validated in an ex vivo porcine model. The risk of trocar-retinal touch was evaluated by comparing the distance between the trocar tip and opposing retina with either a cotton swab or our 3D printed device. We found an increased distance between the retina and trocar tip at the time of trocar insertion using our novel device: 3.3 ± 1.3 mm (P = 0.035), suggesting an improved safety margin. This device has the potential to improve the safety of trocar insertion in eyes at risk of trocar-associated injury, including hypotonous, previously vitrectomized, and nanophthalmic eyes., Competing Interests: None

Published
2021
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45. Microscope-Integrated OCT-Guided Volumetric Measurements of Subretinal Blebs Created by a Suprachoroidal Approach.

Author

Sastry A, Li JD, Raynor W, Viehland C, Song Z, Xu L, Farsiu S, Izatt JA, Toth CA, and Vajzovic L

Subjects
Animals, Reproducibility of Results, Retina diagnostic imaging, Swine, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the use of imaging modalities in the volumetric measurement of the subretinal space and examine the volume of subretinal blebs created by a subretinal drug delivery device utilizing microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (MIOCT)., Methods: An MIOCT image-based volume measurement method was developed and assessed for accuracy and reproducibility by imaging ceramic spheres of known size that were surgically implanted into ex vivo porcine eyes. This method was then used to measure subretinal blebs created in 10 porcine eyes by injection of balanced salt solution utilizing a subretinal delivery device via a suprachoroidal cannula. Bleb volumes obtained from MIOCT were compared to the intended injection volume., Results: Validation of image-based volume measurements of ceramic spheres showed accuracy to ±0.029 µL (5.6%) for objects imaged over the posterior pole and ±0.025 µL (4.8%) over peripheral retina. The mean expected injection volume from extraocular tests of the suprachoroidal cannula was 66.44 µL (σ = 2.4 µL). The mean injection volume as measured by the MIOCT imaging method was 54.8 µL (σ = 12.3 µL), or 82.48% of expected injection volume., Conclusions: MIOCT can measure the volume of subretinal blebs with accuracy and precision. The novel suprachoroidal approach using a subretinal delivery device was able to deliver greater than 80% of expected injection volume into the subretinal space, as assessed by MIOCT., Translational Relevance: MIOCT provides a method for visualization, and analysis of images enables surgeons to quantify and evaluate the success of subretinal drug delivery via a suprachoroidal approach.

Published
2021
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46. Lightweight Learning-Based Automatic Segmentation of Subretinal Blebs on Microscope-Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography Images.

Author

Song Z, Xu L, Wang J, Rasti R, Sastry A, Li JD, Raynor W, Izatt JA, Toth CA, Vajzovic L, Deng B, and Farsiu S

Subjects
Animals, Algorithms, Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods, Injections, Intraocular, Models, Animal, ROC Curve, Swine, Deep Learning, Retina diagnostic imaging, Retina drug effects, Ringer's Lactate administration & dosage, Subretinal Fluid diagnostic imaging, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract

Purpose: Subretinal injections of therapeutics are commonly used to treat ocular diseases. Accurate dosing of therapeutics at target locations is crucial but difficult to achieve using subretinal injections due to leakage, and there is no method available to measure the volume of therapeutics successfully administered to the subretinal location during surgery. Here, we introduce the first automatic method for quantifying the volume of subretinal blebs, using porcine eyes injected with Ringer's lactate solution as samples., Design: Ex vivo animal study., Methods: Microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography was used to obtain 3D visualization of subretinal blebs in porcine eyes at Duke Eye Center. Two different injection phases were imaged and analyzed in 15 eyes (30 volumes), selected from a total of 37 eyes. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were set independently from the algorithm-development and testing team. A novel lightweight, deep learning-based algorithm was designed to segment subretinal bleb boundaries. A cross-validation method was used to avoid selection bias. An ensemble-classifier strategy was applied to generate final results for the test dataset., Results: The algorithm performs notably better than 4 other state-of-the-art deep learning-based segmentation methods, achieving an F1 score of 93.86 ± 1.17% and 96.90 ± 0.59% on the independent test data for entry and full blebs, respectively., Conclusion: The proposed algorithm accurately segmented the volumetric boundaries of Ringer's lactate solution delivered into the subretinal space of porcine eyes with robust performance and real-time speed. This is the first step for future applications in computer-guided delivery of therapeutics into the subretinal space in human subjects., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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47. Repeatability and Reproducibility of Axial and Lateral Measurements on Handheld Optical Coherence Tomography Systems Compared with Tabletop System.

Author

Chen X, Tai V, McGeehan B, Ying GS, Viehland C, Imperio R, Winter KP, Raynor W, Tran-Viet D, Mangalesh S, Maguire MG, and Toth CA

Subjects
Adult, Fovea Centralis, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract

Purpose: To compare the repeatability and reproducibility of axial and lateral retinal measurements using handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems and a tabletop OCT system., Methods: Graders measured central foveal thickness (CFT), optic nerve-to-fovea distance (OFD), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness on OCT scans of the right eye of 10 healthy adults. Three OCT systems were used: handheld Leica Envisu, investigational handheld swept-source OCT (UC3), and Heidelberg Spectralis tabletop system. All eyes were imaged five times with each OCT system by each of two imagers. A components of variance analysis provided estimates of repeatability (variation due to random error) and reproducibility (variation due to imager, grader, and random error) expressed as standard deviation and (coefficient of variation %)., Results: Repeatability of CFT (µm) for Envisu, UC3, and Spectralis was 5.9 (2.6%), 6.9 (2.9%), and 4.7 (2.1%), and the reproducibility was 6.1 (2.7%), 7.3 (3.1%), and 4.7 (2.1%), respectively. The repeatability of OFD (mm) was 0.13 (2.9%), 0.10 (2.3%), and 0.07 (1.6%), and the reproducibility was 0.13 (3.0%), 0.10 (2.3%), and 0.07 (1.6%,) respectively. The repeatability for RNFL thickness (µm) for Envisu, UC3, and Spectralis was 4.3 (7.8%), 2.7 (5.4%), and 2.9 (4.9%), and the reproducibility was 4.5 (8.3%), 2.9 (5.8%), and 2.9 (4.9%), respectively., Conclusions: All three OCT systems had good repeatability and reproducibility with coefficients of variation of less than 3.5% for CFT and OFD measurements, and less than 8.5% for RNFL thickness., Translational Relevance: Our findings inform the repeatability and reproducibility of retinal axial and lateral measurements on handheld OCT and are useful for both clinical research and patient care., Competing Interests: Disclosure: X. Chen, None; V. Tai, None; B. McGeehan, None; G.-S. Ying, None; C. Viehland, Theia Imaging, L.L.C. (I); R. Imperio, None; K.P. Winter, None; W. Raynor, None; D. Tran-Viet, None; S. Mangalesh, None; M.G. Maguire, None; C.A. Toth, Theia Imaging, L.L.C. (I), (Copyright 2020 The Authors.)

Published
2020
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48. 64 Cu-DOTATOC PET-CT in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Author

Mirzaei S, Revheim ME, Raynor W, Zehetner W, Knoll P, Zandieh S, and Alavi A

Abstract

Introduction: Several radiolabeled somatostatin analogues have been developed for molecular imaging of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron-emission tomography (PET). The aim of the present study was to report our first results using 64 Cu-DOTATOC in patients with NETs., Methods: Thirty-three patients with NETs (15 female, 18 male; mean age 64 ± 13 years) were included in this retrospective study. 64 Cu-DOTATOC PET-CT scans were performed on all patients., Results: Five out of 33 patients with a history of NET after surgical removal of the primary lesion showed no pathological lesions on PET-CT imaging and 8/33 patients had enhanced uptake in the area of recurrent meningioma at the skull base. The remaining 20/33 patients had a history of neuroendocrine tumor in the gastrointestinal tract (GEP-NET) and were presented with at least one pathological lesion., Conclusion: The high detection rate of suspected lesions in patients with NETs and the high target-to-background contrast found in this study hold promise for the safe application of 64 Cu-DOTATOC in patients with NET.

Published
2020
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49. Applications of PET Imaging in the Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Diseases Among the Geriatric Population.

Author

Al-Zaghal A, Raynor W, Khosravi M, Guermazi A, Werner TJ, and Alavi A

Subjects
Humans, Geriatrics, Musculoskeletal Diseases diagnostic imaging, Positron-Emission Tomography methods
Abstract

Medical imaging plays a particularly important role in the care of elderly patients, in whom complex symptomatology and a high prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases necessitate sensitive imaging modalities. MRI is the most commonly used imaging modality in the evaluation of various musculoskeletal disorders. The integration of positron emission technique and computed tomography as well as magnetic resonance imaging allows for generating complimentary data for accurate and quantitative diagnosis. This article highlights the implementations of molecular imaging probes in the assessment of prevalent musculoskeletal disorders among geriatric population with emphasis on osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, diabetic foot, and prosthetic joint infections. We also discuss the sensitivity of FDG-PET imaging in differentiating polymyalgia rheumatica from other diseases that have similar clinical presentation., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2018
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50. Quantitative evaluation of normal spinal osseous metabolism with 18F-NaF PET/CT.

Author

Ayubcha C, Zirakchian Zadeh M, Stochkendahl MJ, Al-Zaghal A, Hartvigsen J, Rajapakse CS, Raynor W, Werner T, Thomassen A, Zhuang H, Høilund-Carlsen PF, and Alavi A

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Sodium Fluoride, Spine diagnostic imaging, Spine metabolism
Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe osseous metabolic activity with respect to age and weight in the spine as expressed through fluorine-18-sodium fluoride (F-NaF) uptake in a healthy male population., Participants and Methods: Whole-body F-NaF PET/CT scans of healthy male participants (22-71 years, 50-145 kg, n=47) were analysed using a global assessment methodology to derive the mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean). Individual regions of the spine (cervical, thoracic and lumbar) along with the aggregate whole spine were assessed and compared as potential functions of age and body weight., Results: Older participants did not have higher F-NaF uptake than younger participants (whole spine, P=0.93; cervical, P=0.12, thoracic, P=0.93; lumbar, P=0.42), whereas increasing body weight was associated with greater tracer uptake (whole spine P=0.003; cervical P=0.01; thoracic P=0.002; lumbar P=0.004). Both the thoracic (average SUVmean=4.864±1.338) and lumbar (average SUVmean=4.939±1.284) spines had significantly elevated (P≤0.0001) uptake compared with the cervical spine (average SUVmean=3.969±1.024)., Conclusion: We assessed the metabolic activity of the spine's osseous tissues with F-NaF PET using a global assessment approach in healthy men. Our study provides evidence of differences in spinal metabolism as related to weight, but not age. Our study offers a foundation for future larger studies in symptomatic populations.

Published
2018
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