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Many destructive methods for measuring residual stresses such as the slittingmethod require an inverse analysis to solve the problem. The accuracy of theresult as well as an uncertainty component (the model uncertainty) dependson the basis functions used in the inverse solution. The use of a series expan-sion as the basis functions for the inverse solution was analysed in a previouswork for the particular case where functions orders grew consecutively. Thepresent work presents a new estimation of the model uncertainty and a newimproved methodology to select the final basis functions for the case wherethe basis is composed of polynomials. Including nonconsecutive polynomialorders in the basis generates a larger space of possible solutions to be evaluatedand allows the possibility to include higher-order polynomials. The paperincludes a comparison with two other inverse analyses methodologies appliedto synthetically generated data. With the new methodology, the final error isreduced and the uncertainty estimation improved.

Blade wear is an essential factor that influence textile cutting quality and precision and it is important to seek an appropriate method to predict the cutting tool conditions. In this study, the vertical force range of the blade are measured to determine the vibrating blade’s abrasive wear during different cutting conditions of superimposed plies of a flexible material “Denim”. The relationship between cutting force against the abrasive wear is studied and identified through the evolution of the roughness and the cutting edge radius, which provides a technical foundations for online monitoring of the blade’s wear conditions and cutting quality. Moreover, this study analyzes the sharpening conditions of three different HSS blades in order to regenerate the suitable tool’s cutting edge. It is shown that with incorporation of the vertical cutting force factor we can predict conveniently the tool wear condition and start the sharpening procedure at the accurate time.

Most of the cutting models developed in the literature attest only to the presence of cutting forces in the balance of mechanical actions resulting from cutting. However, several studies have highlighted the presence of cutting moments during machining, and particularly 3D cutting in milling. The objective of this paper is to characterise phenomena associated with cutting moments by performing experimental mechanistic modelling in 3D cutting. For this purpose, several modelling factors will be investigated, such as the 3D cutting reference frame, the undeformed chip section, the cutting parameters, the cutting zone, etc. The predictive model of this study proves to be relatively efficient for an experimental model and allows a global prediction of cutting moments in milling. Furthermore, beyond the aspect of stress fields in the workpiece caused by cutting moments, this paper gives perspectives from an energetic point of view for which the share of moments in the energy balance could be substantial for monobloc tools.

The main difficulty presented by the simulation of a global process that includes different forming stages is the correct characterization of the material state at the end of each of these stages, which in turn, are the initial point of the following process. Hardening variables are capable of characterizing the state of the material, which, after a plastic transformation, varies according to the direction of the solicitation and its intensity. The present work carries out an analysis of the influence in the election of the hardening rule used in the behavior law, comparing the most used approach. For a work piece solicited by combined efforts in multiple stages, results are obtained by numerical simulation. A correct choice will allow obtaining reliable predictions, not the solicitations but also to the final geometry and the dissipated energy in the global process, allowing an eventual optimization of such process.

Analytical and semi-analytical modelling of manufacturing processes involving material removal are of great interest to scientists and industrialists. With this type of modelling, we are able to identify optimal cutting parameters based on geometric and thermomechanical quantities, without having to carry out experimental trials or costly simulations (thus saving time and reducing costs). Compared with other machining techniques, milling involves additional complexities arising from the variation in geometric parameters in the machining configuration and in kinematic parameters when operational. This paper presents a new 3D modelling analysis applied to milling, which takes into account phenomena generated by the three-dimensional kinematics of the process. To complete this thermomechanical approach to cutting, improvements have been made to a basic model configuration. The model that has been developed can now map strains, strain rates, stresses and temperatures along the cutting edge, in the primary, secondary and tertiary shear zones. Forces and cutting moments at the theoretical tool tip are estimated at a local then a global scale, and compared with experimental results from previous work.

International audience; In aerospace industry, the materials constituting aircraft evolved considerably in recent decades. The choice of composite materials (carbon fiber–reinforced plastic or multi-material) reduces the weight of structures, but for critical parts that support important forces or temperature, the indicated materials are alloys based on nickel or titanium. Consumption of titanium for the aerospace industry is growing rapidly, and the new generations of aircraft show an increase in the percentage of titanium. The TA6V is mostly used for structural parts, especially for engine pylon. Due to its low thermal properties, it shows a poor machinability, leading tools to undergo severe wears. The aim of this work is to understand the relation between cutting conditions and chamfered tool geometries on chip formation and tool wear. Based on a model dedicated to the understanding of cutting process with chamfered tool and on experimental tests, this work will show the influence of feed, cutting speed, chamfer length and rake angle on tool–chip contact lengths. It will also show the influence of these parameters on the variability of these contacts within a same geometry or cutting condition. This will lead to another interpretation of tool wears and pressures on the rake face.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of the cutting forces on the quality of pieces in industrial cutting of multi-ply textile material. It also tries to establish a cutting model that can simulate the cutting forces in order to understand the behaviour of the blade. Design/methodology/approach Working on an industrial machine, a cutting head with an oscillating knife is instrumented with different sensors. Using this equipment, cutting forces can be analysed experimentally while the fabric is being cut along a straight line. Findings A model of the physical phenomena of the cutting forces is proposed, taking different parameters into account such as the geometry of the blade, the properties of the material being cut and the parameters of the cut. The simulated forces and the monitored forces are compared and parameters for minimising the cutting forces of fabrics are deduced. Research limitations/implications Due to the wide diversity of fabrics, all with different mechanical characteristics, this research only began with the study of denim in a straight cut. Originality/value This paper describes an instrumentation of automatic cutting head for textile. It manages to simulate the action of the fabrics on the blade through effort monitoring and help in the understanding of the multi-ply cutting process.

The mechanical actions measurement can highlight a series of mechanical phenomena occurring in the cutting process. During the experiments, we use a six-component dynamometer to measured the forces and the moments applied by the tool to the workpiece. In this paper, the authors present a method for determining the cutting tool position in drilling process, with purpose to transport of the moments (calculation of the torsor in each of the holes). Then can be achieved analyze of the forces and moments for every hole.

International audience; For a number of years, the rise in the number of titanium alloy grades and therefore of microstructures has hampered the productivity of titanium parts. In order to understand the phenomena involved, this study presents a comparison of the chip formations between two microstructures obtained from the same alloy. The first part presents the two alloys, their microstructures and their methods of production. The chip formation of each material is then presented and shows two completely different processes. The first process is classical, for which shear mechanisms appear to be cyclical. Conversely, the second process depends on the orientation of the microstructure when the shear occurs. For a better understanding of the phenomena, the effect of cutting speed and feed is also discussed. Finally, in the last section, chip formations for the two microstructures are summarized and perspectives are presented.

International audience; In recent years, many titanium alloys have emerged, each of them associated with a range of different heat treatments. Thus, several microstructures have been studied to varying degrees. For example, the Ti64 titanium alloy, mostly known for its α + β structure, can display a different state: the structure, inducing nonstandard mechanical behavior. This work presents chip formation in this specific microstructure where a strong heterogeneity is observed and where the shear band formation is a function of the relationship between the shear direction and the microstructure orientation. From these reasons, major differences are found in the chip morphology, within the same cutting condition, in comparison to the bimodal structure where a single chip morphology is obtained for each cutting condition. A section of this paper is devoted to the presentation of the β microstructure where different configurations can be seen within the same chip. Next, the influence of cutting conditions on the chip formation is studied. To highlight the specific chip formation process, a temperature model has been developed and combined with cutting force analysis to understand clearly the specificity of the chip formation for this structure. Finally, the discussion explains the different chip formation scenarios according to the workpiece microstructure to be cut.

In the manufacturing process the interaction tool/chip/machine-tool generates cutting forces and also moments (a complete torsor) on the tool in three directions. These moments represent a significant proportion of energy consumed in cutting process. The aim of this paper is a dynamic analysis applied to the mechanical actions (the complete torsor) and the mechanical vibrations to develop a monitoring and diagnosis approach in three-dimensional case. The method used in our research refers to an advanced analysis of mechanical actions to obtain the response of the milling tool during the cutting process and also to identify various defects. An important approach in monitoring process is based on the synchronous envelope (SEA) applied on cutting vibration continuing with the dynamic analysis of the moments. To understand the dynamic phenomena due to the milling process a complex experimental protocol and analysis is designed and realized.

The work presented in this article deals with modelling the milling process. The exact position of the cutting edge within the modelling space is determined according to the different angles of orientation during milling, κr, γ0, and λs as reported by Albert et al. (Int J Adv Manuf Technol 55:843–854, 2011), the cutting edge angle, the rake angle by Merchant (J Appl Phys 16:267–275, 1945) and Oxley (International Journal of Machine Tool Design and Research 1:89–97, 1961), and the cutting edge inclination angle, respectively. For each insert position, the kinematic torsor is determined and any changes are analyzed. The instantaneous variation in kinematic and geometric cutting parameters is determined in the case of end milling with a milling tool with cutting inserts at several representative points on the cutting edge. These parameters represent the input data for an orthogonal cutting model at the point of the cutting edge being considered. The kinematic analysis shows variation of the vector velocity along the cutting edge and variation of the instantaneous feed for a tool rotation. If we consider an orthogonal configuration cutting model for each point of the cutting edge, these variations contribute to define different input data for the orthogonal configuration cutting model (cutting velocity and feed). The results of the cutting force and tangential forces are dependent of the kinematic description along the cutting edge. In a future work, we will discuss the generation of strain and strain rates gradients due to the variation of the velocities along the cutting edge. The variation in linear speed due to the rotation of the tool, the feed speed, and a combination of the two, influences the cutting angle, the clearance angle, and the instantaneous cutting speed Vcorth. Extra input into the orthogonal cutting model is instantaneous feed. This is determined analytically, based on a geometric representation of the area covered by the tool. The different calculation approaches will be described in this paper with a sensitivity study of the different cutting parameters.

Along the cutting edge, the geometric and kinematic parameters vary greatly and the velocity vector at each point is very sensitive to the current position of the point considered on the cutting edge. The proposed study includes, for each of the three shear zones, the effect of velocity gradients on the strain fields and strain rates. These velocity gradients generate additional displacements of the chip, in three dimensions and, therefore, new force components and cutting moments. This study presents the overall approach for calculating cutting action starting with a detailed description of each feature area. The wrench of action is determined at the tip of the tool based on the elementary forces along the edge.

Given the complexity of the physical phenomena present in machining, orthogonal cutting is the configuration that has been most studied and modeled analytically. However, this configuration is no longer applicable if we consider the true orientations of the cutting edge found in the modeling space, for , during milling. Along the cutting edge, geometric and kinematic parameters vary considerably and the speed vector at each point is very sensitive to the true position of the point under consideration on the cutting edge. For each shear zone, the study proposed here looks at the effect of velocity gradients on the strain and strain rate fields. These velocity gradients generate extra chip displacement, in three dimensions, and consequently give rise to new force components and cutting moments. This study describes the overall calculation process, starting with a detailed description of each characteristic zone in the cutting area. By determining the speed vector and the displacement vector, strains and strain rates can be mapped for the entire volume of the cutting area when milling.

Titanium and its alloys have found wide application in the aerospace, biomedical and automotive industries owing to their good strength-to weight ratio and high corrosion resistance. However, these alloys have very poor machinability, which is attributed to their inherent high strength maintained at elevated temperature and low thermal conductivity leading to high cutting temperatures. This paper presents the findings of an experimental investigation into the effects of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut when milling titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The cutting forces were the response variables investigated. This experimental investigation is translated into a mathematical model of cutting forces designed on the basis of the results obtained from this research.

Vibration analysis has long been used for detection and identification of the machine tool dynamic condition. Predictive maintenance is directed towards recognizing the earliest significant changes in machinery condition. In contrast with the protective condition monitoring in which fast response is the primary requirement, predictive monitoring is not limited by time and may use a greater range of complex characteristics. The main focus is to identify a procedure in order to obtain natural frequencies values for the machine tool spindle using tracking dynamic analysis.

To better understand the complex phenomenainvolvedinthecuttingprocessisto better qualify the behaviour law used in the simulation of machining processes (analytical and finite element modeling). The aim of this paperisto present the choices made regarding the behaviour law in this context, indeed, commonly used behaviourlawssuchas Jonhson-Cook can bring unsatisfactory results especially for high strain and large deformation processes. This study de- velopsa large deformation strain-gradient theoretical framework with hypothesis linked with to metal cutting processes. The emphasis of the the oryis placed on the existence of high shearp henomena creating a texture in the primary shear band. To account for the texture, the plastic spinis supposed to berelevant in this theory. It is shown that the the oryas the capability of interpreting the complex phenomena found in machining and more particularly in highspeed machin- ing.

The present work deals with determining the necessary parameters considering a three-dimensional model to simulate in a realistic way the turning process on a machine tool. This paper is dedicated to the study of the self-excited vibrations incidence on various major mechanics characteristics of the system workpiece–tool–material. The efforts (forces and moments) measurement using a six-component dynamometer confirms the tool tip moments existence. The fundamental frequency of 190 Hz proves to be common to the tool tip point displacements, the action application point, or the torque exerted to the tool tip point. The confrontation of the results concerning displacements and efforts shows that the applications points of these elements evolve according to similar ellipses located in quasi-identical planes. The large and the small axes of these ellipses are increasing with the feed rate motion values accordingly to the mechanical power injected into the system. Conversely, the respective axis ratios of these ellipses are decreasing functions of the feed rate, while the ratio of these ratios remains constant when the feed rate value is increasing. In addition, some chip characteristics are given, like the thickness variations, the width, or the hardening phenomenon.

In the cutting process, machine-tools vibrations are generally a real problem when the amplitude crosses the limits of dimensional or surface quality workpiece precision required. It is necessary to develop models taking into account the three-dimensional vibratory approach to control the vibrations phenomena. An experimental study has been realized to understand the behavior of the cutting system and to identify its vibrations properties. The displacement's localization of the tool in a spatial plan, showed by the experimental results, allows us to simplify the three-dimensional dynamical model. In this study, the experimental approach is completely presented and the first points of the three dimensional vibratory model are proposed according to the experimental results.

The subsurface damage (SSD) introduced during bound abrasive grinding of fused silica glass was measured using a wet etch technique. Various process parameters and grinding configurations were studied. The relation between the SSD depth, the process parameters and forces applied by the grinding wheel on the sample was investigated and compared to a simulation using a discrete element method to model the grinding interface. The results reveal a relation between the SSD depth and the grinding forces normalized by the abrasive concentration. Regarding the creation of the SSD, numerical simulations indicate that only a small fraction of the largest particles in the diamond wheel are responsible for the depth of the damaged layer.

Relationships between subsurface damage (SSD) depth and peak to valley surface roughness (Rt ) have been widely studied and present a major interest for an easy assessment of the SSD depth. We seek the relation between SSD depth and other surface roughness parameters using the Abbott-Firestone curve on a large campaign of grinding tests (with different abrasive grain size, grinding speed and grinding mode). The results reveal that the Abbott-Firestone parameter Mr2 , which can be linked to the volume fraction of valley in the roughness profile, is more accurate than Rt for an assessment of the SSD depth and that the relationship between Mr2 and the SSD depth varies when changing the grinding mode. Keywords: subsurface damage, surface roughness, Abbott Firestone, fused silica glass 1. INTRODUCTION Many studies tried to define an empi rical relationship between subsurface damages and surface roughness because these damages under surface, mainly due to the manufacturing steps, limit greatly the lifetime of optical components in high energy laser applications such as Laser Megajoule (LMJ) or National Ignition Facility (NIF)

Since some years, the better understanding of the material cutting process has been shown with the benefit of the forces and moments measurement. In this article, simultaneous six mechanical components and chip orientation measurements were realized during turning tests. During these tests, the influence of the depth of cut or feed rate has been observed and correlation between the chip orientation and the moment vector orientation or the central axis characteristics has been shown. Nomenclature

Relationships between subsurface damage (SSD) depth and peak to valley surface roughness (Rt) have been widely studied and present a major interest for an easy assessment of the SSD depth. We look at the relation between SSD depth and other surface roughness parameters using the Abbott-Firestone curve on a large campaign of grinding tests (with different abrasive grain size, grinding speed and grinding mode). The results reveal that Abbott-Firestone parameters are better for an assessment of SSD depth and that relationships between SSD depth and surface roughness are not universal but depend on the grinding process.

International audience; Measurement of subsurface damage (SSD) induced by grinding process is of major interest in the development of high laser damage fused silica optical components manufacturing processes. Most SSD measurements methods give only access to the peak to peak value. We herein report on the benefit of using Abbott–Firestone curves to get an insight of the SSD distribution inside the optical material. We evidence on various diamond wheel ground fused silica substrates that such an approach is complementary to a classical SSD peak to peak measurement and bring useful information to optimize a grinding process.

The control of cutting energy parameters is essential to optimize the cutting condition during the milling process. Our previous works (Cahuc et al., Int J Adv Manuf Technol 18(9):648–656, 2001; Darnis et al. 2000) have shown the existence of the six components of the cutting mechanical actions. Thus, the influence of geometric and kinematic parameters on the six components must be quantified. Based on the experimental approach explained in our last works (Albert et al., 2008a, b), this study proposes an energetic criterion characterizing the cutting moment in orthogonal cutting condition. Then, the energy balance has to take into account the cutting moment, highlighting the utility of this criterion. Therefore, the cutting moment model proposed allows an accurate evaluation of the energy balance and the mechanical actions (forces and moments) applied to the workpiece. Consequently, the cutting parameters can be chosen in order to optimize the cutting power consumption.

The object of this work research tasks relates to the improvement of the cutting tools in drilling within the industrial framework of the aeronautical assembly. The stakes of the study consist in optimizing the lifespan of the tools according to a criterion of respect of geometrical quality and surface quality of the bored holes. This optimization relates to the geometry of the cutting part of the drills. The discussion thread of work thus tends to set up methods which make it possible to bind the geometry of the tools to the final quality of borings carried out. The study was divided into three stages differentiated and complementary to modeling of the physical phenomena induced by the process of drilling. The first stage [1] lies in describing the real geometrical parameters according to the parameters of grinding of the tool. While being based on the modeling of the geometry, the experimental cutting model enables to identify the mechanical actions of cut along the edge. Lastly, the phenomenological [2] aspect of the process associates the parameters of cut the final quality of the bored holes. [3].

Machining is the most common manufacturing process. A good behaviour law is necessary in the simulation of machining processes (analytical and finite element modeling). Usually, commonly used behaviour laws such as Jonhson‐Cook can bring unsatisfactory results especially for high strain and large deformation processes. Significant differences can appear between experimental and simulation results. The aim of this paper is to present the choices made regarding the behaviour law in this context. This study develops a large deformation strain‐gradient theoretical framework with hypothesis linked to metal cutting processes. The theoretical framework has the potential of expressing moments at the tool tip as they were observed in experiments. It will be shown that the theory has the capability of interpreting the complex phenomena found in machining and more particularly in high speed machining.

Many studies simulates the machining process by using a single degree of freedom spring-mass system to model the tool stiffness, or the workpiece stiffness, or the unit tool-workpiece stiffness in modelings 2D. Others impose the tool action, or use more or less complex modelings of the efforts applied by the tool taking account the tool geometry. Thus, all these models remain two-dimensional or sometimes partially three-dimensional. This paper aims at developing an experimental method allowing to determine accurately the real three-dimensional behaviour of a machining system (machine tool, cutting tool, tool-holder and associated system of force metrology six-component dynamometer). In the work-space model of machining, a new experimental procedure is implemented to determine the machining system elastic behaviour. An experimental study of machining system is presented. We propose a machining system static characterization. A decomposition in two distinct blocks of the system “Workpiece-Tool-Machine” is realized. The block Tool and the block Workpiece are studied and characterized separately by matrix stiffness and displacement (three translations and three rotations). The Castigliano’s theory allows us to calculate the total stiffness matrix and the total displacement matrix. A stiffness center point and a plan of tool tip static displacement are presented in agreement with the turning machining dynamic model and especially during the self induced vibration. These results are necessary to have a good three-dimensional machining system dynamic characterization (presented in a next paper).

During the development of the laser megajoule (LMJ), a high power laser facility dedicated to DT fusion, CEA has made important efforts to understand and improve laser induced damage threshold of fused silica optics at the wavelength of 351 nm. For several years, with various industrials and academics partners, we have focused on optimizing the grinding, lapping and polishing processes to increase materials performance. In this paper, we describe our efforts in various fields: subsurface damage characterization, lapping process simulation, diamond grinding and lapping machine instrumentations, ... Our concern is to control and manage the material removal at each step of the process in order to reduce the cracks region extension and thus to diminish the damage density.

International audience; To optimize the cutting conditions in machining, it is necessary to quantify energy parameters involved in the cutting process. These energy parameters are based on a hypothesis regarding the displacement of the material during the chip formation and the behaviour law of the material. However, a more refined model must be used to take into account complex phenomena in the cutting process. The strain gradient theory appears to be best in modelling rotation phenomena inside material. In order to solve this type of problem, the bases of the strain gradient theory are presented in this study.

To optimize the cutting conditions in machining, it is necessary to quantify the energy parameters involved in the process. Thus the control of a cutting process is realized if the cutting parameters, the kinematic parameters and contact actions are accurately estimated. To estimate these parameters, original metrological devices have been developed in the various laboratories involved in this study. Force and moment measurement has been carried out using a six component dynamometer [4]. Various image processing techniques allow to determine the chip/tool contact surface and the chip ejection angle. Complete and detailed energy equilibrium realized with those devices has clearly demonstrated the influence of moments on the mechanical power consumed by the cutting process. With these results, a three-dimensional thermomechanical cutting model has been developed. The originality of this model is the complete and continuous definition of the tool geometry, integrating tip ray and edge acuity characteristics. Forces and moments, chip kinematic parameters (chip orientation, tool/chip contact area) can be evaluated. The presented study shows the geometrical and kinematic parameters effects, such as the penetration rate on force and moment values in turning. A correlation is established between kinematic parameters, forces, moments and an original experimental study using an imagery interpretation method.

This paper presents a new approach to measure damage created by the grinding operation. It presents the Abbott-Firestone curve and the depth distribution used to take information on the damage created under the surface.

Due to the wide variety of fabrics, all with different mechanical characteristics, there are few studies dealing with the question of cutting fabrics.In this thesis, we model the multi-ply cutting process using a reciprocating knife in an industrial context.In this study, a textile cutting machine is instrumented with different sensors, to measure the influence of cutting forces on the quality of the resulting profiles. Using this equipment, cutting forces can be analyzed experimentally while the fabric is being cut along a straight line.Next, a model of the physical phenomena of these forces is proposed, taking different parameters into account such as the geometry of the knife, the properties of the material being cut and the parameters of the cut., De par la grande diversité de tissus existants, tous avec des caractéristiques mécaniques différentes, il n’y a que peu d’études portant sur la découpe de tissus textiles.Cette thèse s’intéresse à la découpe de textile en multi-plis par l’action d’une lame oscillante dans un contexte industriel.Dans cette étude, une machine de découpe industrielle est équipée de différents capteurs afin de pouvoir mesurer l’influence des efforts de coupe sur la qualité des pièces découpées. En utilisant cet équipement, il a été possible de contrôler les efforts de coupe pendant toute la durée d’une coupe rectiligne.Enfin, un modèle physique de ces efforts est proposé en prenant en compte différents paramètres comme la géométrie de la lame, les propriétés du matériau découpé et les différents paramètres de coupe.

This thesis is focused on 3D thermomechanical modeling in milling configuration. In order to determine, for each insert orientation and each tool angular position, the complete actions torsor (forces and moments) three parts have been developed in this work.Based on the slip lines in the three cutting areas, an orthogonal cutting model was developed. The tool edge radius is built in modeling and model results are sensitive to this parameter. The model was validated by comparison with experimental tests.For two types of insert, with straight and round edge, the kinematic study along the cutting edge allowed to determine the instantaneous kinematic torsor at each point. This part has defined a new cutting velocity component dependent of tool angular position. The inclination of the edge generates a parallel velocity to the cutting edge (perpendicular to the cutting plane in orthogonal configuration) that participates in the kinematic behavior of the material in the primary and secondary shear zones.A 3D solid modeling in the primary and secondary cutting zones helped to define the cartography of strain and strain rate. This approach was based on kinematic data and appropriate boundary conditions. The gradients of stresses and velocities are the source of the appearance of the cutting moments., Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation thermomécanique 3D en configuration de fraisage. Afin de déterminer, pour chaque orientation de la plaquette et à chaque position angulaire de l’outil, le torseur d’action complet (efforts et moments) trois grandes parties ont été développées dans ce manuscrit.En se basant sur les lignes de glissement dans les trois zones de coupe, un modèle de coupe orthogonale a été développé. Le rayon d’acuité est intégré dans la modélisation et les résultats du modèle sont sensibles à ce paramètre. Le modèle a été validé par une confrontation avec des essais de rabotage.Pour deux types de plaquette, à arêtes droite et ronde, l’étude cinématique le long de l’arête de coupe a menée à la détermination du torseur cinématique instantanée en chaque point. Cette partie a permis de définir une nouvelle composante de vitesse de coupe dépendante de la position angulaire de l’outil. L’inclinaison de l’arête génère une vitesse parallèle à l’arête de coupe (perpendiculaire au plan de coupe en configuration orthogonale) qui participe au comportement cinématique de la matière dans les zones de cisaillement primaire et secondaire.Une modélisation volumique 3D dans les deux zones de coupe primaire et secondaire a permis de définir la cartographie de déformation et de vitesse de déformation. Cette approche a été basée sur les données cinématiques et les conditions aux limites appropriées. Les gradients de contraintes et de vitesses trouvés sont à l’origine de l’apparition des moments de coupe.