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INTRODUCTION by Raymond Firth I PART ONE Commentaries RIVERS AND KROEBER IN THE STUDY OF KINSHIP by David M. Schneider 7 RIVERS ON OCEANIC KINSHIP by Raymond Firth 17 PART TWO Kinship and Social Organization by W. H. R. Rivers ORIGINAL PREFACE 38 LECTURE I (Classificatory Terminology and Cross-Cousin Marriage) 39 LECTURE 2 (Classificatory Terminology and Other Forms of Marriage) 55 LECTURE 3 (The Classificatory System and Forms of Social Organization) 75 THE GENEALOGICAL METHOD OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL INQUIRY 97 LIST OF WORKS CITED IN THE INTRODUCTION AND COMMENTARIES 110 INDEX 113

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 I. INTRODUCTION by Raymond Firth General Considerations, I I The Problem and the Origin of the Study, 21 Method, 23 II. KINSHIP IN SOUTH BOROUGH 33 by Raymond Firth and Judith Djamour The Background (H.B.B.), 33 Households, 34 Recognition of the Kinship Principle, 36 The Kinship System, 37 Knowledge of Kin, 37 Kinship Grouping, 40 Differentiation among Kin, 42 Social Relationships between Kin, 46 Empirical Data: the Ingles Case, 48 Indices of Kin Contacts, 51 Factors influencing Social Relations with Kin, 58 Summary and Conclusions, 62 III. KINSHIP ORGANISATION OF ITALIANATES IN LONDON 67 by Philip Garigue and Raymond Firth The Social Background, 67 Kin and Status, 69 Selection of Informants, 70 Households, 71 The Structure of the Kinship System, 73 Range of Kin Knowledge, 73 Social Relations between Kin, 83 Factors affecting Kin Relationship, 88 Summary and Conclusions, 92 BIBLIOGRAPHY 94

This chapter raises some basic questions of cooperation between social anthropologists and economists. What do economists know of the work of anthropologists in the study of peasant economics, and what do they think they really need from anthropologists? In making a model of a subsistence farm economy, an economist needs no anthropological help in drawing his inferences. The chapter discusses that peasants have been initially defined as farmers who sell or exchange only a minor part of their total farm production or, if they sell a major part, still do so at a level which leaves them in the lowest income group of the farmers in their country. Broadly, among the structural features of a peasant society ordinarily apt to affect economic choices are: neighborhood ties; family and household ties; ties of kinship; ties of ritualized friendship and of quasi-kinship such as godparenthood; status and class differences; and relations of patronage and clientship.

An illuminating introduction to the methods and problems of social anthropology, this book draws on a wide range of illustrations, including Raymond Firth's own experiences in New Zealand, Malaya and the Solomon Islands. The concept of social organisation is discussed with special reference to the role of individual choice and decision in social affairs and the nature of social change. Social organisation in relation to economic, aesthetic, moral and religious values is also examined. First published in 1951. This re-issue is of the third, 1961 edition.