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ASBSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to, first, determine whether positive relationships between family leisure (involvement and satisfaction) and family outcomes (cohesion, adaptability, family functioning, and satisfaction with family life) were present in a multinational sample, and second, determine whether the core and balance model could provide a consistent framework for between country comparisons of relationships between family leisure and family outcome variables cross nationally. Families were recruited from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Data were analyzed using blocked multiple regression models, and generalized linear models to compare relationships across countries. Overall, findings indicated positive relationships between family leisure and family outcomes were consistent across all five countries. Some differences in relationship strength, not directionality, occurred primarily in family leisure involvement rather than family leisure satisfac...

Upon receiving the Paul K. Petzoldt Leadership Award from the Wilderness Education Association, long-time outdoor/adventure educator Meier (2009) commented, “I retired last year after 43 years in higher education. Lots of changes in outdoor adventure education have been observed throughout the years, including the growth of professional organizations. Professionally, we have come a long way in a relatively short period of time.” Scholarly journals were among the many aspects of growth and development mentioned by Meier (2009), “Other scholarly achievements during these times include expanded educational programs and educational resources through sources such as the Journal of Leisure Research and the Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. Of major significance is the recent announcement of a new research journal sponsored by WEA and AORE: the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership.”

This special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership (JOREL) is a compilation of research abstracts presented at the 8th Annual AORE (Association for Outdoor Recreation and Education) Research Symposium in Snowbird, UT, November 8-10, 2012, and the 5th Annual Outdoor Leadership Research Symposium (OLRS) held at the 2013 WEA Outdoor Education Colloquium in Black Mountain, NC, February 15-17, 2013. Numerous contributors provided some of the most current research related to outdoor recreation, education, and leadership. Each of the abstracts in this issue received a double-blind, peer-review process to ensure the quality of the work published here. Three other JOREL special issues covering abstracts from previous years of these two symposiums were published in 2012 (Volume 4, Issue 2), 2011 (Volume 3, Issue 2) and 2010 (Volume 2, Issue 2).

This special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership ( JOREL ) is a compilation of research abstracts presented at the 7th Annual AORE (Association for Outdoor Recreation and Education) Research Symposium in San Antonio, TX, November 3-5, 2011, and the 4th Annual Outdoor Leadership Research Symposium (OLRS) held at the 2012 International Conference on Outdoor Leadership in Estes Park, Colorado, February 18-21, 2012. Numerous contributors provided some of the most current research related to outdoor recreation, education, and leadership. Each of the abstracts in this issue went through a double-blind, peer review process to ensure the quality of the work published here. Note: Two other JOREL special issues covering abstracts from previous years of these two symposiums were published in 2011 (Volume 3, Issue 2) and 2010 (Volume 2, Issue 2).

From 2010-2013, a special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership (JOREL) was published each year containing research symposium abstracts from the AORE (Association for Outdoor Recreation and Education) Research Symposium and the Outdoor Leadership Research Symposium (OLRS). Due in large part to author interest in submitting full manuscripts instead of abstracts, this regular issue of the JOREL includes select abstracts presented at the 9th Annual AORE (Association for Outdoor Recreation and Education) Research Symposium in College Park, Maryland, November 6-9, 2013.

The purpose of this study was to begin the development of a broad model that could examine the structural relationships between family leisure involvement, family functioning, family communication,...

The purpose of this study was to test a recently developed broad structural model which examines the relationships between family leisure involvement, family functioning, family communication, family leisure satisfaction, and satisfaction with family life among a large sample of families from Australia (n = 1014). Participating families provided responses to family variables from both a parent (n = 902) and an adolescent child (n = 810) in the household. Structural equation modelling was employed and the fit indices from the parent and youth structural equation models were quite similar to each other, with both exhibiting a reasonable fit of the data. This study provides some insight into Australian family leisure perspectives and assists in providing a more global view of family leisure constructs. Implications, limitations, and recommendations are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family leisure satisfaction and satisfaction with family life. Zabriskie's Family Leisure Activity Profile was used to measure fami...

This study utilized qualitative measures to further understand if an environmental interpretive experience can enhance an environmental ethic. A discursive approach to emergent design was used to generate grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). In the methods used, the phenomenological data gathered during the study directed the design of each step of the research as it evolved. Twenty-four 4th graders were randomly selected from three classes from a rural town in southern Indiana (USA). These students participated in a field trip to a US Forest Service site near their school district. Methodologies utilized in this program included ranger-led discussions, facilitated explorations, and nature 'games'. The data was collected through post interviews (1 week following treatment) and post post interviews (4 months after program). The findings indicated that the environmental interpretive program had a strong positive impact on students' affect toward the resource site. The findings also indicated retention ...

This issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership is the second since soliciting and publishing manuscripts in the recently added categories (Essays, Practices, and Commentaries; and Research Notes). While we have seen some increase in the variety of manuscript submissions, we want to ask you, the authors, readers and reviewers, to continue to encourage colleagues to take advantage of the JOREL as a place to publish a variety of papers all related to outdoor recreation, education, and leadership.

This special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership (JOREL) is a compilation of research abstracts presented at the 6th Annual AORE (Association for Outdoor Recreation and Education) Research Symposium in Keystone, Colorado, November 2010, and the 3rd Annual Outdoor Leadership Research Symposium (ORLS) held at the 2011 International Conference on Outdoor Leadership in Estes Park, Colorado, February 2011. These research abstracts embody the work of numerous researchers in the discipline and provide some of the most current research related to outdoor recreation, education, and leadership. Each abstract went through a double-blind, peer-review process to ensure the quality of the work published here.

This year, 2014, the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership celebrates its fifth anniversary. The first issue was published in the first half of 2009 under the editorial leadership of Dr. Aram Attarian. Now in our 16th issue, the papers published in JOREL continue to further our understanding of outdoor recreation, education, and leadership. This publication is successfully disseminating high quality papers in a timely manner. We hope the two recently announced submission categories (Essays, Practices, and Commentaries; and Research Notes) will facilitate additional publication opportunities for a wider range of manuscript types.

This is the first issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership following the journal advisory group's approval of submission and review criteria for two new submission categories. Similar to its original intent, the journal continues to address many different aspects of outdoor recreation, education, and leadership. As discussed in the last issue, the formal creation of the new categories helps delineate differences and assists authors and reviewers. The three submission categories now include: 1) Regular Papers : quantitative and/or qualitative research and conceptual or theoretical discussions (generally 20-30 double-spaced pages including all references, tables, and figures) 2) Essays, Practices, and Commentaries [new] (generally 8-10 double-spaced pages including all references, tables, and figures) 3) Research Notes [new] (generally 8-10 double-spaced pages including all references, tables, and figures).

We are very pleased to introduce the first special issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership (JOREL). It is a compilation of peer-reviewed research abstracts from the 5th Annual AORE Research Symposium held in Minneapolis, MN, November 2009 and the 2nd Annual Outdoor Leadership Research Symposium (OLRS) held in Estes Park, CO, February 2010. We are grateful for the scholarly contributions made by the authors whose work appears in this issue. The special issue is, however, representative of something larger than the scholarship in the published abstracts. The greater significance lies in remembering that the journal itself, the two research symposiums, and the included abstracts were the results of individuals identifying and acting on needs/opportunities to better their profession.

This issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership marks the first to be published by Sagamore Publishing LLC as part of the new long-term publishing partnership among Sagamore, the Association of Outdoor Recreation and Education, the WKU Research Foundation, and the Wilderness Education Association. The JOREL editorial team and JOREL Advisory Board express their appreciation for the support provided by WKU TopScholar and Bepress since the inception of the journal. As a team, we are looking forward to the opportunities partnering with Sagamore will afford the journal. We want to thank our editorial assistant, Jamie Terry, for her faithful attention to details leading to the publication of JOREL for the past 4 years. Jamie has been a pleasure to work with and we have appreciated her positive effect on the quality of the journal. Stay tuned for further information on the new JOREL website and manuscript management system using Sagamore's platform.

I am pleased to present this issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education and Leadership. As originally intended, the journal continues to address many different aspects of outdoor recreation, education, and leadership. The JOREL Advisory Group has worked diligently to create additional manuscript categories and related reviewer guidelines, which support the Aims and Scope of the journal. You will soon find more detail regarding the additional categories for manuscripts posted on the JOREL website.

On behalf of the editorial team, I am pleased to present this issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education and Leadership. The journal continues to receive a variety of papers– all addressing various aspects of outdoor recreation, education and leadership. A paper by Hayashi and Ewert begins the issue by investigating the development of emotional intelligence among participants in a Wilderness Education Association course. Their study found that participation in an outdoor leadership program did elevate levels of emotional intelligence. Their work continues to add to our understanding of this construct and its application in outdoor leadership.