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2. The scent of roses, a bouquet of fragrance diversity.

Author

Noh, Yuo-Myoung, Hida, Amal Ait, Raymond, Olivier, Comte, Gilles, and Bendahmane, Mohammed

Subjects
ROSES, MOLECULAR genetics, BOUQUETS, ESSENTIAL oils, VALUE (Economics)
Abstract

Roses have been domesticated since antiquity for their therapeutic, cosmetic, and ornamental properties. Their floral fragrance has great economic value, which has influenced the production of rose varieties. The production of rose water and essential oil is one of the most lucrative activities, supplying bioactive molecules to the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic industries. In recent years, major advances in molecular genetics, genomic, and biochemical tools have paved the way for the identification of molecules that make up the specific fragrance of various rose cultivars. The aim of this review is to highlight current knowledge on metabolite profiles, and more specifically on fragrance compounds, as well as the specificities and differences between rose species and cultivars belonging to different rose sections and how they contribute to modern roses fragrance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. The Rosa genome provides new insights into the domestication of modern roses

Author

Raymond, Olivier, Gouzy, Jérôme, Just, Jérémy, Badouin, Hélène, Verdenaud, Marion, Lemainque, Arnaud, Vergne, Philippe, Moja, Sandrine, Choisne, Nathalie, Pont, Caroline, Carrère, Sébastien, Caissard, Jean-Claude, Couloux, Arnaud, Cottret, Ludovic, Aury, Jean-Marc, Szécsi, Judit, Latrasse, David, Madoui, Mohammed-Amin, François, Léa, Fu, Xiaopeng, Yang, Shu-Hua, Dubois, Annick, Piola, Florence, Larrieu, Antoine, Perez, Magali, Labadie, Karine, Perrier, Lauriane, Govetto, Benjamin, Labrousse, Yoan, Villand, Priscilla, Bardoux, Claudia, Boltz, Véronique, Lopez-Roques, Céline, Heitzler, Pascal, Vernoux, Teva, Vandenbussche, Michiel, Quesneville, Hadi, Boualem, Adnane, Bendahmane, Abdelhafid, Liu, Chang, Le Bris, Manuel, Salse, Jérôme, Baudino, Sylvie, Benhamed, Moussa, Wincker, Patrick, and Bendahmane, Mohammed

Published
2018
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4. Light-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis in rose petals involves a balanced regulatory module comprising transcription factors RhHY5, RhMYB114a, and RhMYB3b.

Author

Yan, Yuhang, Zhao, Jiaxing, Lin, Shengnan, Li, Mouliang, Liu, Jiayi, Raymond, Olivier, Vergne, Philippe, Kong, Weilong, Wu, Quanshu, Zhang, Xiaoni, Bao, Manzhu, Bendahmane, Mohammed, and Fu, Xiaopeng

Subjects
ANTHOCYANINS, BIOSYNTHESIS, TRANSCRIPTION factors, ROSES, VALUE (Economics)
Abstract

Roses are significant botanical species with both ornamental and economic value, displaying diverse floral traits, particularly an extensive array of petal colors. The red pigmentation of rose petals is predominantly attributed to anthocyanin accumulation. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in roses remains elusive. This study presents a novel light-responsive regulatory module governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in rose petals, which involves the transcription factors RhHY5, RhMYB114a, and RhMYB3b. Under light conditions (1000–1500 μmol m–2 s–1), RhHY5 represses RhMYB3b expression and induces RhMYB114a expression, positively regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in rose petals. Notably, activation of anthocyanin structural genes probably involves an interaction and synergy between RhHY5 and the MYB114a-bHLH3-WD40 complex. Additionally, RhMYB3b is activated by RhMYB114a to prevent excessive accumulation of anthocyanin. Conversely, under low light conditions (<10 μmol m–2 s–1), the degradation of RhHY5 leads to down-regulation of RhMYB114a and up-regulation of RhMYB3b , which in turn inhibits the expression of both RhMYB114a and anthocyanin structural genes. Additionally, RhMYB3b competes with RhMYB114a for binding to RhbHLH3 and the promoters of anthocyanin-related structural genes. Overall, our study uncovers a complex light-mediated regulatory network that governs anthocyanin biosynthesis in rose petals, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying petal color formation in rose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. Scent Evolution in Chinese Roses

Author

Scalliet, Gabriel, Piola, Florence, Douady, Christophe J., Réty, Stéphane, Raymond, Olivier, Baudino, Sylvie, Bordji, Karim, Bendahmane, Mohammed, Dumas, Christian, Cock, J. Mark, and Hugueney, Philippe

Published
2008
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13. PLANT VOLATILES: Biosynthesis of monoterpene scent compounds in roses

Author

Magnard, Jean-Louis, Roccia, Aymeric, Caissard, Jean-Claude, Vergne, Philippe, Sun, Pulu, Hecquet, Romain, Dubois, Annick, Oyant, Laurence Hibrand-Saint, Jullien, Frédéric, Nicolè, Florence, Raymond, Olivier, Huguet, Stéphanie, Baltenweck, Raymonde, Meyer, Sophie, Claudel, Patricia, Jeauffre, Julien, Rohmer, Michel, Foucher, Fabrice, Hugueney, Philippe, Bendahmane, Mohammed, and Baudino, Sylvie

Published
2015
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15. GCN5 modulates salicylic acid homeostasis by regulating H3K14ac levels at the 5′ and 3′ ends of its target genes

Author

Ruggieri, Valentino, Alexiou, Konstantinos, Morata, Jordi, Argyris, Jason, Pujol, Marta, Yano, Ryoichi, Nonaka, Satoko, Ezura, Hiroshi, Cigliano, Riccardo Aiese, Sanseverino, Walter, Puigdomenech, Pere, Casacuberta, Josep, Kirienko, Anna, Porozov, Yuri, Malkov, Nikita, Akhtemova, Gulnara, Le Signor, Christine, Thompson, Richard, Saffray, Christine, Dalmais, Marion, Tikhonovich, Igor, Dolgikh, Elena, Boucheham, Anouar, Sommard, Vivien, Zehraoui, Farida, Batouche, Mohamed, Israeli, David, Tahi, Fariza, Jacob, Pierre, Avni, Adi, Ligerot, Yasmine, De Saint Germain, Alexandre, Waldie, Tanya, Kadakia, Nikita, Pillot, Jean-Paul, Prigge, Michael, Aubert, Gregoire, Leyser, Ottoline, Estelle, Mark, Debellé, Frederic, Rameau, Catherine, GOUZY, Jerome, Badouin, Hélène, Lemainque, Arnaud, Vergne, Philippe, Moja, Sandrine, Choisne, Nathalie, Pont, Caroline, Carrere, Sebastien, Caissard, Jean-Claude, Couloux, Arnaud, Cottret, Ludovic, Aury, Jean-Marc, Szécsi, Judit, Madoui, Mohammed-Amin, Yang, Shu-Hua, Piola, Florence, Larrieu, Antoine, Perez, Magali, Labadie, Karine, Perrier, Lauriane, govetto, Benjamin, LABROUSSE, Yoan, Villand, Priscilla, Bardoux, Claudia, Boltz, Véronique, Lopez-Roques, Celine, Heitzler, Pascal, Vernoux, Teva, Quesneville, Hadi, Boualem, Adnane, Liu, Chang, Le Bris, Manuel, Salse, Jerome, Baudino, Sylvie, Wincker, Patrick, François, Léa, Verdenaud, Marion, Fu, Xiaopeng, Ruleman, Darcy, Dubois, Annick, Vandenbussche, Michiel, Raymond, Olivier, Just, Jérémy, Bendahmane, Mohammed, Giner, Ana, Pascual, Laura, Bourgeois, Michael, Gyetvai, Gabor, Rios, Pablo, Picó, Belén, Troadec, Christelle, Bendahmane, Abdel, Garcia-Mas, Jordi, MARTIN-HERNANDEZ, Ana Montserrat, Kim, Soonkap, Piquerez, Sophie, Ramirez-Prado, Juan, Mastorakis, Emmanouil, Veluchamy, Alaguraj, Latrasse, David, Manza-Mianza, Deborah, Brik-Chaouche, Rim, Huang, Ying, Rodriguez-Granados, Natalia, Concia, Lorenzo, Blein, Thomas, Citerne, Sylvie, Bendahmane, Abdelhafid, Bergounioux, Catherine, Crespi, Martin, Mahfouz, Magdy, Raynaud, Cécile, Hirt, Heribert, Ntoukakis, Vardis, BENHAMED, Moussa, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), IRTA, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, University of Tsukuba, Sequentia Biotech SL, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris-Nord (LIPN), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut Galilée-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIRE laboratory, Constantine, University of Constantine, GENETHON 3, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Laboratoire de chimie organique et organométallique (LCOO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Biology [La Jolla], University of California-University of California, UMR 0441 INRA / CNRS : Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire des relations plantes-microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sexe et évolution, Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales (LBVPAM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Département de chirurgie, CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque, Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Plant Integrative Biology [Nothingham] (CPIB), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Huazhong Agricultural University, Division of Biology [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GAFL), Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines (UMRLEG) (UMR 102), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Economics and Management [Beijing] (BUAA), Beihang University, Institut de biotechnologie des plantes (IBP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Warwick [Coventry], AgroParisTech, and ANR-18-CE20-0015,EPICLIPSE,Dynamique des marques épigénétiques dans les cellules hôtes infectées et subversion de l'épigénome par le pathogène.(2018)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Transcription, Genetic, AcademicSubjects/SCI00010, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, Biology, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, Histones, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Homeostasis, Plant Immunity, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Epigenetics, Promoter Regions, Genetic, QH426, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Histone Acetyltransferases, 030304 developmental biology, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Arabidopsis Proteins, Lysine, Gene regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics, Acetylation, Biotic stress, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Cell biology, Chromatin, enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates), Histone, Acetyltransferase, Transcription Coactivator, biology.protein, 5' Untranslated Regions, Salicylic Acid, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The modification of histones by acetyl groups has a key role in the regulation of chromatin structure and transcription. The Arabidopsis thaliana histone acetyltransferase GCN5 regulates histone modifications as part of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional coactivator complex. GCN5 was previously shown to acetylate lysine 14 of histone 3 (H3K14ac) in the promoter regions of its target genes even though GCN5 binding did not systematically correlate with gene activation. Here, we explored the mechanism through which GCN5 controls transcription. First, we fine-mapped its GCN5 binding sites genome-wide and then used several global methodologies (ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and RNA-seq) to assess the effect of GCN5 loss-of-function on the expression and epigenetic regulation of its target genes. These analyses provided evidence that GCN5 has a dual role in the regulation of H3K14ac levels in their 5′ and 3′ ends of its target genes. While the gcn5 mutation led to a genome-wide decrease of H3K14ac in the 5′ end of the GCN5 down-regulated targets, it also led to an increase of H3K14ac in the 3′ ends of GCN5 up-regulated targets. Furthermore, genome-wide changes in H3K14ac levels in the gcn5 mutant correlated with changes in H3K9ac at both 5′ and 3′ ends, providing evidence for a molecular link between the depositions of these two histone modifications. To understand the biological relevance of these regulations, we showed that GCN5 participates in the responses to biotic stress by repressing salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and SA-mediated immunity, highlighting the role of this protein in the regulation of the crosstalk between diverse developmental and stress-responsive physiological programs. Hence, our results demonstrate that GCN5, through the modulation of H3K14ac levels on its targets, controls the balance between biotic and abiotic stress responses and is a master regulator of plant-environmental interactions.

Published
2020

16. OGC Borehole Interoperability Experiment Engineering Report

Author

Grellet, Sylvain, Boisvert, Eric, Simons, Bruce, Rainaud, Jean-François, Lorenz, Henning, Haener, Rainer, Beaufils, Mickaël, Hollingsworth, Jay, Lieberman, Josh, Liu, Yan, Nayembil, Martin, Raymond, Olivier, Sharples, John, Warren, Peter, and LALOEUF-BLANCHARD, Sabine

Subjects
use case, spatial reference system, Geoteknik, data, conceptual model, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, borehole, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, Geotechnical Engineering, Multidisciplinär geovetenskap, Interoperability, GML/XML encoding schema, vocabulary
Abstract

This document reports on an exercise involving several government organizations, private companies, and academics trying to harmonize various representations of boreholes into acommon model. Boreholes are widely used in geoscience and engineering to probe and assess the underground, and all those communities (custodians, vendors, distributors, etc.) model this information differently. This heterogeneity becomes a problem when information from various sources needs to be aggregated. On the other hand, different communities use boreholes,therefore, different models are expected to address different use cases. This experiment looked at solutions to harmonize core aspects of boreholes while recognizing domain specific models. This exercise resulted in a tentative model, examples and recommendations for next steps. Those steps include the recommendation for OGC to support the creation of a Borehole Standards Working Group (SWG) to formalize the core borehole model (BoreholeML (BhML)) as anofficial standard. Future work should include expanding the scope of the draft borehole model presented here and co-ordinate with ongoing OGC Geoscience standards for geology and hydrogeology to ensure that those standards can operate together. It also includes working with existing standard custodians to produce BhML-compliant version of their existing borehole standards. Generic information describing the Borehole (who, how, when, etc.) and the other aspects that describe a Borehole (e.g. construction, monitoring, management areas, etc.) are required butwere excluded from this IE. Many of these are already summarized in pre-existing models. This semantic enrichment should be undertaken by a second Borehole IE or a SWG. This report includes several XML Instance Documents that conform to a draft BhML XML Schema. These are contained in the various ER Annexes as well as from the Borehole IE GitHub repository (https://github.com/opengeospatial/boreholeie/). Where appropriate, the report references the corresponding GitHub content.

Published
2020

17. macSUP - un écho de «l’art comme expérience»

Author

Lonardoni, Francoise, Boutonnier, Thierry, Carole, Davy, Coltice, Nicolas, Dubos, Arnaud, Freud, Nicolas, Goutaland, Carine, Kopp, Jan, Lachaize, Felix, Lathuiliere, Sylvianne, Le Luyer, Cécile, Loeve, Sacha, Marandin, Clarisse, Pillonnet, Anne, Pomiès, Anissa, Raymond, Olivier, Ramos-Canut, Stella, Sahli, Naël, Thaller, Fanny, Trepoz-Vielle, Alicia, Valois, Fabrice, Yvonnet, Bruno, Musée d'Art Contemporain de Lyon (MAC Lyon), Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Matériaux et nanostructures photoniques (MNP), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), emlyon business school, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Liquides et interfaces (L&I), Ecole Nationale Superieure de Lyon, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de Lyon (ENSBA), Eric Dayre et David Gauthier, CAROLE, Davy, emlyon business school (EM), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
Arts Sciences, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

18. Genetics of species differences in the wild annual sunflowers, Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris

Author

Lexer, Christian, Rosenthal, David M., Raymond, Olivier, Donovan, Lisa A., and Rieseberg, Loren H.

Subjects
Sunflowers -- Research, Sunflowers -- Genetic aspects, Plant genetics -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Much of our knowledge of speciation genetics stems from quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies. However, interpretations of the size and distribution of QTL underlying species differences are complicated by differences in the way QTL magnitudes are estimated. Also, many studies fail to exploit information about QTL directions or to compare inter- and intraspecific QTL variation. Here, we comprehensively analyze an extensive QTL data set for an interspecific backcross between two wild annual sunflowers, Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris, interpret different estimates of QTL magnitudes, identify trait groups that have diverged through selection, and compare inter- and intraspecific QTL magnitudes. Our results indicate that even minor QTL (in terms of backcross variance) may be surprisingly large compared to levels of standing variation in the parental species or phenotypic differences between them. Morphological traits, particularly flower morphology, were more strongly or consistently selected than life history or physiological traits. Also, intraspecific QTL were generally smaller than interspecific ones, consistent with the prediction that larger QTL are more likely to spread to fixation across a subdivided population. Our results inform the genetics of species differences in Helianthus and suggest an approach for the simultaneous mapping of inter- and intraspecific QTL.

Published
2005

19. Major ecological transitions in wild sunflowers facilitated by hybridization

Author

Rieseberg, Loren H., Raymond, Olivier, Rosenthal, David M., Lai, Zhao, Livingstone, Kevin, Nakazato, Takuya, Durphy, Jennifer L., Schwarzbach, Andrea E., Donovan, Lisa A., and Lexer, Christian

Subjects
Evolution -- Research -- Genetic aspects, Hybridization -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Sunflowers -- Research -- Genetic aspects, Science and technology, Research, Genetic aspects
Abstract

Hybridization is frequent in many organismal groups, but its role in adaptation is poorly understood. In sunflowers, species found in the most extreme habitats are ancient hybrids, and new gene combinations generated by hybridization are speculated to have contributed to ecological divergence. This possibility was tested through phenotypic and genomic comparisons of ancient and synthetic hybrids. Host trait differences in ancient hybrids could be recreated by complementary gene action in synthetic hybrids and were favored by selection. The same combinations of parental chromosomal segments required to generate extreme phenotypes in synthetic hybrids also occurred in ancient hybrids. Thus, hybridization facilitated ecological divergence in sunflowers., The role of hybridization in evolution has been debated for more than a century. Two highly polarized viewpoints have emerged. At one extreme, hybridization is considered to be a potent [...]

Published
2003

21. Transcriptome database resource and gene expression atlas for the rose

Author

Dubois Annick, Carrere Sebastien, Raymond Olivier, Pouvreau Benjamin, Cottret Ludovic, Roccia Aymeric, Onesto Jean-Paul, Sakr Soulaiman, Atanassova Rossitza, Baudino Sylvie, Foucher Fabrice, Bris Manuel, Gouzy Jérôme, and Bendahmane Mohammed

Subjects
Rose, Transcriptome, Gene expression atlas, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background For centuries roses have been selected based on a number of traits. Little information exists on the genetic and molecular basis that contributes to these traits, mainly because information on expressed genes for this economically important ornamental plant is scarce. Results Here, we used a combination of Illumina and 454 sequencing technologies to generate information on Rosa sp. transcripts using RNA from various tissues and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. A total of 80714 transcript clusters were identified and 76611 peptides have been predicted among which 20997 have been clustered into 13900 protein families. BLASTp hits in closely related Rosaceae species revealed that about half of the predicted peptides in the strawberry and peach genomes have orthologs in Rosa dataset. Digital expression was obtained using RNA samples from organs at different development stages and under different stress conditions. qPCR validated the digital expression data for a selection of 23 genes with high or low expression levels. Comparative gene expression analyses between the different tissues and organs allowed the identification of clusters that are highly enriched in given tissues or under particular conditions, demonstrating the usefulness of the digital gene expression analysis. A web interface ROSAseq was created that allows data interrogation by BLAST, subsequent analysis of DNA clusters and access to thorough transcript annotation including best BLAST matches on Fragaria vesca, Prunus persica and Arabidopsis. The rose peptides dataset was used to create the ROSAcyc resource pathway database that allows access to the putative genes and enzymatic pathways. Conclusions The study provides useful information on Rosa expressed genes, with thorough annotation and an overview of expression patterns for transcripts with good accuracy.

Published
2012
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24. The origin of ecological divergence in helianthus Paradoxus (asteraceae): selection of transgressive characters in a novel hybrid habitat

Author

Lexer, Christian, Welch, Mark E., Raymond, Olivier, and Rieseberg, Loren H.

Subjects
Hybridization, Vegetable -- Research, Hybridization -- Research, Sunflowers -- Research, Adaptation (Biology) -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Rapid ecological divergence between incipient ecospecies and their parental taxi often accompany diploid hybridization in plants. The results of the experiment, are consistent with the hypothesis that transgress segregation of elemental uptake and leaf succulence contributed to the origin of salt adaptation in the diploid hybrid species h. paradoxus.

Published
2003

25. Integration of ground-penetrating radar and microgravimetric methods to map shallow caves

Author

Raymond Olivier, Marc Luetscher, and Milan Beres

Subjects
geography, Geophysics, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cave, law, Ground-penetrating radar, Radar, Karst, Geomorphology, Geology, law.invention
Abstract

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and microgravimetric surveys have been conducted in the southern Jura mountains of western Switzerland in order to map subsurface karstic features. The study site, La Grande Rolaz cave, is an extensive system in which many portions have been mapped. By using small station spacing and careful processing for the geophysical data, and by modeling these data with topographic information from within the cave, accurate interpretations have been achieved. The constraints on the interpreted geologic models are better when combining the geophysical methods than when using only one of the methods, despite the general limitations of two-dimensional (2D) profiling. For example, microgravimetry can complement GPR methods for accurately delineating a shallow cave section approximately 10×10 m2 in size. Conversely, GPR methods can be complementary in determining cavity depths and in verifying the presence of off-line features and numerous areas of small cavities and fractures, which may be difficult to resolve in microgravimetric data.

Published
2001

27. Rosa

Author

Smulders, M. J. M., Arens, P., Koning-Boucoiran, C. F. S., Gitonga, V. W., Krens, F. A., Atanassov, A., Atanassov, I., Rusanov, K. E., Bendahmane, Mohammed, Dubois, Annick, Raymond, Olivier, Caissard, J. C., Baudino, S., Crespel, Laurent, Gudin, S., Ricci, S. C., Kovatcheva, N., van Huylenbroeck, J., Leus, L., Wissemann, V., Zimmermann, H., Hensen, I., Werlemark, G., Nybom, H., Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), AgroBioInstitute, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Unité mixte de recherche génétique et horticulture Genhort, Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National d'Horticulture, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3, Amélioration génétique d'espèces à multiplication végétative (UPR Multiplication végétative), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institute for Roses, Aromatic and Medicinal plants, Partenaires INRAE, Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Institut fur Botanik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), DAAD, DFG, TTI Green Genetics, National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science (Bulgaria), M.J.M. smulders, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut National d'Horticulture-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, food and beverages, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, 01 natural sciences, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Plant Breeding, 03 medical and health sciences, Laboratorium voor Plantenveredeling, Life Science, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Chapter 12; International audience; Presently, about 100–250 species are usually recognized in the genus Rosa. The low levels of DNA sequence divergence found across the genus suggest that it is a young genus with much speciation taking place after the last glaciation. Poor phylogenetic resolution and commonly occurring contradictions between chloroplast and nuclear gene phylogenies suggest that hybridization has been a strong driving force in the evolution of roses, often accompanied by polyploidization. In addition, extensive anthropogenic impact has led to the development of many new semi-wild and/or cultivated rose varieties. Some wild species have become invasive. This chapter describes the taxonomy of roses. It presents examples of interesting traits in wild species that may valuable to broaden the genetic base of cultivated roses, such as thornlessness, winter hardiness, drought resistance, and improved shelf-life. Also fragrance and compounds with possible health effects are discussed. The highest priority in rose breeding research is the development of disease resistant roses. Different resistance mechanisms have been found for black spot and powdery mildew in various wild rose species. We describe how resistance genes are being mapped using crosses between wild, diploid rose species, and how other genes for traits of interest are being identified. We proceed with a discussion of various ways to overcome the taxonomic and ploidy level barriers for introgression of traits into cultivated hybrid rose or garden rose germplasm, including dihaploidization, polyploidization, and transgenics. Even so, breeding programs with wild species are usually time-consuming. For garden roses, the genetic and morphological distance between modern cultivars and the wild species is smaller, which makes the use of wild species easier than in the case of cut roses.

Published
2011
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28. Biosynthesis of monoterpene scent compounds in roses

Author

Magnard, Jean-Louis, primary, Roccia, Aymeric, additional, Caissard, Jean-Claude, additional, Vergne, Philippe, additional, Sun, Pulu, additional, Hecquet, Romain, additional, Dubois, Annick, additional, Hibrand-Saint Oyant, Laurence, additional, Jullien, Frédéric, additional, Nicolè, Florence, additional, Raymond, Olivier, additional, Huguet, Stéphanie, additional, Baltenweck, Raymonde, additional, Meyer, Sophie, additional, Claudel, Patricia, additional, Jeauffre, Julien, additional, Rohmer, Michel, additional, Foucher, Fabrice, additional, Hugueney, Philippe, additional, Bendahmane, Mohammed, additional, and Baudino, Sylvie, additional

Published
2015
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29. A Subway Project In Lausanne, Switzerland, As An Urban Microgravimetry Test Site: Acquisition, Correction Of Buildings Influence And Modeling

Author

Pier Vittorio Radogna, Raymond Olivier, and Philippe Logean

Subjects
Shore, Engineering, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Lithology, Bedrock, Elevation, Drilling, Geodesy, Overburden, Altitude, business, Digital elevation model, Cartography
Abstract

A new subway will be constructed within the next decade in Lausanne. The geology involved constitutes alpine molassic bedrock and an overlaying quaternary glacial fill. The choice of the subway corridor (6 km) had to consider the exact thickness of these geological units. The availability of mechanical logging data offered the opportunity for testing a microgravimetry survey. The distance from nearby constructions determined whether corrections had to be made for these volumes or could be omitted. We calculated, with an in house program, the effect of different buildings to choose architectural styles with similar gravimetric responses. We are using then a geographic information system (GIS) to group these buildings by typology based on cadastral records and correct all the buildings with simplified architectural styles. The voids of the basements were included in the digital elevation model to take account of the complexity of the Lausanne morphology. All these corrections could be calculated before the acquisition in order to chose the best gravity stations location. The residual gravity map is adjusted to only some drillings, in order to regionalize this punctual data and to compare the results of the bedrock modeling with the drillings not taken into account. The microgravity objective The objective is to regionalize isolated drilling information to the entire test zone. The goal of the microgravity survey would be to reduce the number of drillings and to enlarge the knowledge of the modeled bedrock surface along the project corridor. Geographical and geological situation A new underground railway, named M2, will be constructed within the next decade in Lausanne, the fifth populated city of Switzerland, from the shore of Lake Geneva at 375 m altitude to the suburb Epalinges further north at 698 m altitude. The choice of the six-kilometer-long corridor (fig. 1) had to consider the tertiary lithology to be excavated for the construction of the tunnel . The involved geology is constituted by the alpine molassic formation (a local tertiary sandstone), overlaying quaternary glacial fill and an overburden of loose soil. According to drills the bedrock is situated at a depth varying from 1.5 m to 25 m. The density contrast and the depth of the bedrock are sufficient for a micro-gravity investigation. Average densities obtained by sampling were 2.4 g/cm for the molassic bedrock, 2.1 g/cm for the glacial fill and 1.8 g/cm for the backfill. Figure 1.: The six-kilometer-long corridor of the planned “Lausanne Metro” from Ouchy on the bank of Lake Geneva to Epalinges. Microgravity Survey zone I In summer 2001 and 2002 the first micro-gravity site I was chosen in the northern part of the town to carry out preliminary tests. In summer 2002, the measurements campaign was continued in the same site along the highway running parallel to the future underground. The buildings, regularly spaced, have a repetitive shape and the correction of their effect seemed quite easy. Micro-gravity acquisitions were carried out with an electronic readout Lacoste & Romberg D89 (ETHZ) in two 200 m long parallel profiles (Fig. 2) along the Avenue of Berne (zone I). Average station spacing was 5 m and in some cases 1 m. The position was determined by GPS or laser theodolite with a GPS location accuracy better than 5 cm and a relative elevation better than 3 cm. For the close topographic corrections (Hammer, 1939) average relief elevation was measured within 22 m and with an accuracy of 10 cm. Measurements were executed late at night so as to minimize traffic noise. Standard corrections and adjustment to drillings allowed the determination of a residual anomaly. 2D modeling We modeled two surfaces of the bedrock using the residual anomaly calculated from this data. A geologic section from the cantonal transportation service was available plus four drillings; one along the profile and three laterally shifted at 15 m intervals. The comparison of the calculated surfaces and the geologic section (Figure 3) shows a good coherence and the general trend is similar. The calculated profiles were fitted only with the crossed drillings, unlike the geologic section 0 50 100 150 200 distance (m) -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0

Published
2004

30. The Rosagenome provides new insights into the domestication of modern roses

Author

Raymond, Olivier, Gouzy, Jérôme, Just, Jérémy, Badouin, Hélène, Verdenaud, Marion, Lemainque, Arnaud, Vergne, Philippe, Moja, Sandrine, Choisne, Nathalie, Pont, Caroline, Carrère, Sébastien, Caissard, Jean-Claude, Couloux, Arnaud, Cottret, Ludovic, Aury, Jean-Marc, Szécsi, Judit, Latrasse, David, Madoui, Mohammed-Amin, François, Léa, Fu, Xiaopeng, Yang, Shu-Hua, Dubois, Annick, Piola, Florence, Larrieu, Antoine, Perez, Magali, Labadie, Karine, Perrier, Lauriane, Govetto, Benjamin, Labrousse, Yoan, Villand, Priscilla, Bardoux, Claudia, Boltz, Véronique, Lopez-Roques, Céline, Heitzler, Pascal, Vernoux, Teva, Vandenbussche, Michiel, Quesneville, Hadi, Boualem, Adnane, Bendahmane, Abdelhafid, Liu, Chang, Le Bris, Manuel, Salse, Jérôme, Baudino, Sylvie, Benhamed, Moussa, Wincker, Patrick, and Bendahmane, Mohammed

Abstract

Roses have high cultural and economic importance as ornamental plants and in the perfume industry. We report the rose whole-genome sequencing and assembly and resequencing of major genotypes that contributed to rose domestication. We generated a homozygous genotype from a heterozygous diploid modern rose progenitor, Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’. Using single-molecule real-time sequencing and a meta-assembly approach, we obtained one of the most comprehensive plant genomes to date. Diversity analyses highlighted the mosaic origin of ‘La France’, one of the first hybrids combining the growth vigor of European species and the recurrent blooming of Chinese species. Genomic segments of Chinese ancestry identified new candidate genes for recurrent blooming. Reconstructing regulatory and secondary metabolism pathways allowed us to propose a model of interconnected regulation of scent and flower color. This genome provides a foundation for understanding the mechanisms governing rose traits and should accelerate improvement in roses, Rosaceae and ornamentals.

Published
2018
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31. Genomic approach to study floral development genes in Rosa sp.

Author

Dubois, Annick, Remay, Arnaud, Raymond, Olivier, Balzergue, Sandrine, Chauvet, Aurélie, Maene, Marion, Pecrix, Yann, Yang, Shu-Hua, Jeauffre, julien, Thouroude, Tatiana, Boltz, Véronique, Martin-Magniette, Marie-Laure, Janczarski, Stéphane, Legeai, Fabrice, Renou, Jean-Pierre, Vergne, Philippe, Le Bris, Manuel, Foucher, Fabrice, Bendahmane, Mohammed, Dubois, Annick, Remay, Arnaud, Raymond, Olivier, Balzergue, Sandrine, Chauvet, Aurélie, Maene, Marion, Pecrix, Yann, Yang, Shu-Hua, Jeauffre, julien, Thouroude, Tatiana, Boltz, Véronique, Martin-Magniette, Marie-Laure, Janczarski, Stéphane, Legeai, Fabrice, Renou, Jean-Pierre, Vergne, Philippe, Le Bris, Manuel, Foucher, Fabrice, and Bendahmane, Mohammed

Abstract

Cultivated for centuries, the varieties of rose have been selected based on a number of flower traits. Understanding the genetic and molecular basis that contributes to these traits will impact on future improvements for this economically important ornamental plant. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy and sections of meristems and flowers to establish a precise morphological calendar from early rose flower development stages to senescing flowers. Global gene expression was investigated from floral meristem initiation up to flower senescence in three rose genotypes exhibiting contrasted floral traits including continuous versus once flowering and simple versus double flower architecture, using a newly developed Affymetrix microarray (Rosa1_Affyarray) tool containing sequences representing 4765 unigenes expressed during flower development. Data analyses permitted the identification of genes associated with floral transition, floral organs initiation up to flower senescence. Quantitative real time PCR analyses validated the mRNA accumulation changes observed in microarray hybridizations for a selection of 24 genes expressed at either high or low levels. Our data describe the early flower development stages in Rosa sp, the production of a rose microarray and demonstrate its usefulness and reliability to study gene expression during extensive development phases, from the vegetative meristem to the senescent flower.

Published
2011

32. The Rosa chinensis cv. Viridiflora Phyllody Phenotype Is Associated with Misexpression of Flower Organ Identity Genes.

Author

Huijun Yan, Hao Zhang, Qigang Wang, Hongying Jian, Xianqin Qiu, Baudino, Sylvie, Just, Jeremy, Raymond, Olivier, Lianfeng Gu, Jihua Wang, Bendahmane, Mohammed, and Kaixue Tang

Subjects
ROSES, GENE expression in plants, ANGIOSPERM genetics
Abstract

Phyllody is a flower abnormality in which leaf-like structures replace flower organs in all whorls. Here, we investigated the origin and the molecular mechanism of phyllody phenotype in Rosa chinensis cv. Viridiflora, an ancient naturally occurring Chinese mutant cultivar. Reciprocal grafting experiments and microscopy analyses, demonstrated that the phyllody phenotype in Viridiflora is not associated with phytoplasmas infection. Transcriptome comparisons by the mean of RNA-Seq identified 672 up-regulated and 666 down-regulated genes in Viridiflora compared to its closely related genotype R. chinensis cv. Old Blush. A fraction of these genes are putative homologs of genes known to be involved in flower initiation and development. We show that in flower whorl 2 of Viridiflora, a down-regulation of the floral organ identity genes RcPISTILLATA (RcPI), RcAPETALA3 (RcAP3) and RcSEPALLATA3 (RcSEP3), together with an up-regulation of the putative homolog of the gene SUPPRESSOR of OVEREXPRESSION of CONSTANS1 (RcSOC1) are likely at the origin of the loss of petal identity and leaf-like structures formation. In whorl 3 of Viridiflora, ectopic expression of RcAPETALA2 (RcAP2) along with the down regulation of RcPI, RcAP3, and RcSEP3 is associated with loss of stamens identity and leaf-like structures formation. In whorl 4, the ectopic expression of RcAP2 associated with a down-regulation of RcSEP3 and of the C-class gene RcAGAMOUS correlate with loss of pistil identity. The latter also suggested the antagonist effect between the A and C class genes in the rose. Together, these data suggest that modified expression of the ABCE flower organ identity genes is associated with the phyllody phenotype in the rose Viridiflora and that these genes are important for normal flower organs development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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33. Genomic Approach to Study Floral Development Genes in Rosa sp.

Author

Dubois, Annick, primary, Remay, Arnaud, additional, Raymond, Olivier, additional, Balzergue, Sandrine, additional, Chauvet, Aurélie, additional, Maene, Marion, additional, Pécrix, Yann, additional, Yang, Shu-Hua, additional, Jeauffre, Julien, additional, Thouroude, Tatiana, additional, Boltz, Véronique, additional, Martin-Magniette, Marie-Laure, additional, Janczarski, Stéphane, additional, Legeai, Fabrice, additional, Renou, Jean-Pierre, additional, Vergne, Philippe, additional, Le Bris, Manuel, additional, Foucher, Fabrice, additional, and Bendahmane, Mohammed, additional

Published
2011
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42. Major Ecological Transitions in Wild Sunflowers Facilitatedby Hybridization.

Author

Rieseberg, Loren H., Raymond, Olivier, Rosenthal, David M., Lai, Zhao, Livingstone, Kevin, Nakazato, Takuya, Durphy, Jennifer L., Schwarzbach, Andrea E., Donovan, Lisa A., and Lexer, Christian

Subjects
*SUNFLOWERS, *WILD flowers, *PLANT hybridization, *HABITATS
Abstract

Hybridization is frequent in many organismal groups, but its role in adaptation is poorly understood. In sunflowers, species found in the most extreme habitats are ancient hybrids, and new gene combinations generated by hybridization are speculated to have contributed to ecological divergence. This possibility was tested through phenotypic and genomic comparisons of ancient and synthetic hybrids. Most trait differences in ancient hybrids could be recreated by complementary gene action in synthetic hybrids and were favored by selection. The same combinations of parental chromosomal segments required to generate extreme phenotypes in synthetic hybrids also occurred in ancient hybrids. Thus, hybridization facilitated ecological divergence in sunflowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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43. Evaluation of a Precipitation Map Using a Smoothed Elevation-Precipitation Relationship and Optimal Estimates (Kriging)

Author

Raymond Olivier, F.A. de Montmollin, R. G. Simard, and F. Zwahlen

Subjects
Altitude, Meteorology, Kriging, Anomaly (natural sciences), Linear regression, Elevation, Precipitation, Spatial dependence, Geodesy, Variogram, Geology, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Using 45 rain gauges, located in the center of French-speaking Switzerland (approx. 1,600 sq. km), we evaluate an annual mean precipitation map for the years 1974, 1975 and 1976. This estimate is based mainly on the anomaly method. For the index elevation, we selected an average altitude over an area of optimized size. This was evaluated from the best linear regression between index elevation of different areas and the precipitations. An anomaly map was estimated using universal kriging: the structural analysis of the anomaly values permitted the adjustment of a variogram which made it possible to evaluate the spatial dependence of the anomaly variable. In order to obtain the precipitation map, not only was an anomaly map used but also a smoothed altitude map. This was calculated with the aid of an altimetric data bank covering the west part of Switzerland

Published
1980

44. Utilisation d'une grille d'altitudes digitalisées pour la cartographie d'éléments du bilan hydrique

Author

François Zwahlen, Raymond Olivier, and François De Montmollin

Subjects
Hydrology, Water balance, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Elevation, Evaporation, Drainage basin, Environmental science, Precipitation, Surface runoff, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

The authors tried to determine the various elements of the water balance in a Swiss middleland typical water basin. To obtain this result they correlated pluviometry and elevation on a digitalized grid, which elements are 50 m 2 . This allows the elaboration of coordinated maps of the kind as proposed by Nordenson. This requires the establishment of precipitation and evaporation maps (the Turc formula or any other can be used), and it also requires a knowledge of the runoff. To illustrate the possibilities of the models constructed, the authors studied the various characteristics of the Mentue, a river located north of Lausanne (Switzerland).

Published
1979

45. Separation of flavoneC‐glycosides and qualitative analysis ofPassiflora incarnataL. by capillary zone electrophoresis

Author

Voirin, Bernard, Sportouch, Myriam, Raymond, Olivier, Jay, Maurice, Bayet, Christine, Dangles, Olivier, and El Hajji, Hakima

Abstract

Analytical capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) conditions including concentration, pH value and nature (complexing or non‐complexing) of the running buffer with or without the addition of methanol, capillary temperature and applied voltage, were studied in order to optimize the separation and resolution of a mixture of 13 C‐glycosylflavones and one flavone O‐glucoside. Factors primarily responsible for differences in electrophoretic mobility of flavone C‐glycosides are identical to those defined from the separation of flavonoid O‐glycosides, i.e. number and position of the free hydroxy groups on the flavone skeleton, and number and type of attached sugar groups. Nevertheless, an increase in the pH value from 9 to 10 of the borate running buffer affects the elution order: such an increase induces greater relative electrophoretic mobilities of C‐glycoside derivatives with a free hydroxy group at C‐4′ compared with those of luteolin C‐glycoside derivatives. This change in the migration order could be explained both by a decrease of the net charge linked to an increase and stability of the borate–luteolin complexation and by an increase in molecular size. Moreover the 6‐C‐glycosylflavones present electrophoretic mobilities lower than their homologous 8‐C‐glucosyl isomers. Finally, the study of C‐glucosylflavones from 18 different samples of Passiflora incarnataby CZE shows a great variability in the qualitative composition. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2000
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