82 results on '"Raycheva, R."'
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2. Difficulties in achieving and maintaining the goal of measles elimination in Bulgaria
- Author
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Komitova, R., Kevorkyan, A., Boykinova, O., Krumova, S., Atanasova, M., Raycheva, R., Stoilova, Y., and Kunchev, A.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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3. A case of acute infective endocarditis and septic shock
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Dobreva-Yatseva, B., primary, Nikolov, F., additional, Raycheva, R., additional, Stanev, K., additional, Ivanova, N., additional, Nikolov, P., additional, and Tokmakova, M., additional
- Published
- 2023
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4. Acute neurological symptoms as a debut of infective endocarditis
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Dobreva-Yatseva, B., primary, Nikolov, F., additional, Raycheva, R., additional, Manolov, I., additional, Stanev, K., additional, Ivanova, N., additional, and Tokmakova, M., additional
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- 2023
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5. Characteristics of infective endocarditis according to the mode of acquisition – a single-center, retrospective analysis
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Dobreva-Yatseva, B., primary, Nikolov, F., additional, Raycheva, R., additional, Manolov, I., additional, Nikolov, P., additional, Ivanova, N., additional, Iovanovska, D., additional, Kuchmov, I., additional, and Tokmakova, M., additional
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- 2023
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6. A case of acute infective endocarditis and septic shock
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Dobreva-Yatseva, B., Nikolov, F., Raycheva, R., Stanev, K., Ivanova, N., Nikolov, P., and Tokmakova, M.
- Subjects
early surgery ,septic shock ,acute infective endocarditis ,mortality - Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) marks an increasing morbidity and unchanged mortality despite advances in its diagnosis and treatment. In about 20% of IE cases are acute, with signs of sepsis and septic shock. Septic shock dramatically worsens prognosis and is an independent predictor of in – hospital death. Timely diagnosis and urgent surgical intervention can improve survival in these patients. We present a case of a 47-year-old man, with no history of past or concomitant diseases, who was admitted as an emergency to the Cardiology Intensive Care Unit, during the COVID-19 pandemic, with pronounced febrile-intoxication syndrome, shortness of breath, precordial discomfort and pain, cough, haemoptysis. From laboratory studies with a pronounced infl ammatory constellation, troponin I and D-dimers are also increased. This case shows the diffi culties in the diagnosis of acute IE, the specifi cs in the clinical course of the disease, as well as the importance of urgent surgical intervention to improve survival.
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- 2023
7. Characteristics of infective endocarditis according to the mode of acquisition – a single-center, retrospective analysis
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Dobreva-Yatseva, B., Nikolov, F., Raycheva, R., Manolov, I., Nikolov, P., Ivanova, N., Iovanovska, D., Kuchmov, I., and Tokmakova, M.
- Subjects
infective endocarditis/community-acquired IE ,healthcare-associated IE ,injection drug use-related IE - Abstract
According to the mode of acquisition, infective endocarditis (IE) is classifi ed as community-acquired (CAIE), healthcareassociated (HAIE), and injection drug use–related IE (IDUIE). At this stage, there are no data for Bulgaria for these three groups of patients. Objective: We set ourselves the goal of investigating IE according to the mode of acquisition and to make a clinical-instrumental characterization of the groups. Material and methods: The study is single-center, retrospective and includes 270 patients treated at the UMHAT “Sveti Georgi” – Plovdiv for the period 01.2005-12. 2021. Results: Patients with CAIE were 64.8% (175), with HAIE 26.7% (72) and with IDUIE 8.5% (23). Patients with IDUIE are younger compared to the other two groups (33; 8 years) (p = 0.000), with low comorbidity (CCI – 1, IQR – 1; p = 0.000), with most frequent right-sided involvement (p < 0.001) and with the most common causative agent being Staphylococcus aureus (p < 0.01). Patients with HAIE were the oldest (69; 18 years;), with the most comorbidity (CCI – 4; IQR – 3), with no signifi cant difference with CAIE (66; 20 years; and CCI – 3; IQR – 3). The large proportion of portal of entry for them were manipulations/ procedures (62.5%) and hemodialysis (18.1%), with Enterococci being the most common causative agent (19.5%, p = 0.001). In-hospital mortality and early surgical intervention were without signifi cant difference in the three groups. Conclusion: Knowledge of the three groups of IE according to the mode of acquisition – CAIE, HAIE and IDUIE and their characteristics is important for the choice of initial empiric antibiotic treatment and for improvement of prevention.
- Published
- 2023
8. Acute neurological symptoms as a debut of infective endocarditis
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Dobreva-Yatseva, B., Nikolov, F., Raycheva, R., Manolov, I., Stanev, K., Ivanova, N., and Tokmakova, M.
- Subjects
infective endocarditis ,diagnosis ,acute neurological complications - Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infl ammatory disease of the endocardium of the heart affecting heart valves (native or prosthetic) and, in the last few decades, also available intracardiac permanent devices or catheters. Despite technological progress and accumulated experience, this disease continues to be a huge challenge for doctors in terms of diagnosis, treatment and improvement of survival. The clinical picture is atypical and heterogeneous, with different clinical "masks" of other diseases – infectious, oncological, hematological, rheumatological, neurological, etc. Embolic complications are often the fi rst manifestation of the disease and are most often cerebral. We present a clinical case of a 29-year-old woman with acute neurological symptoms as a fi rst manifestation of IE. This case refl ects the atypical clinical presentation of the disease, the importance of new imaging modalities for the precise diagnosis of neurological complications, and the decision on the timing of operative intervention when indicated. The question of IE prophylaxis in moderate-risk patients, such as those with mitral valve prolapse and bicuspid aortic valve, remains open.
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- 2023
9. Examination of the Quality of the Manual Pre-Sterilization Processing of Dental Instruments Using Benzidine Test
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Stoeva V., Kevorkyan A., Raycheva R., Kondeva V., and Stoilova Y.
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benzidine test ,large and small dental instruments ,manual pre-sterilization decontamination ,Medicine - Abstract
The risk of infections in dental practices has been attracting for decades the interest of researchers from all over the world. A serious problem related to the transmission of blood-borne viruses is the thorough removal of organic matter, and mainly blood, from dental instruments when performing manual pre-sterilization decontamination. Application of benzidine test to prove the presence of blood traces on large and small dental instruments prepared for sterilization for the purpose of assessing the quality of the manual pre-sterilization decontamination. A total of 485 benzidine tests had been performed on selected 205 large and 280 small dental instruments visibly contaminated with blood. Of the total of 485 tested samples, blood traces were found in 63 (12.99 ± 1.53%). In the group of large instruments, positive benzidine test was obtained in 7.80% compared to 16.78% in the small instruments with the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.003). All 63 positive samples were additionally processed using ultrasound. Blood traces were found in 8 instruments with all of the positive samples being obtained from the barbed broaches. The manual cleaning does not guarantee decontamination of the dental instruments unlike the ultrasonic cleaning where any blood traces are being completely removed from the large instruments. In terms of the small instruments, there are still blood traces present after the ultrasonic cleaning which requires for it to be combined with a suitable enzyme cleaner, and the barbed broaches, as a requirement, should be used on a disposable basis.
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- 2016
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10. Infectious endocarditis – current profile
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Dobreva-Yatseva, B., primary, Nikolov, F., additional, Raycheva, R., additional, and Tokmakova, M., additional
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- 2022
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11. HTA69 Delay of Innovative Oncology Treatments - Case From Bulgaria
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Raycheva, R, primary and Kostadinov, K, additional
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- 2022
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12. Health behavior in adolescents from different ethnic groups in the Municipality of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Petrova, G, primary, Merdzhanova, E, additional, Lalova, V, additional, Angelova, P, additional, Raycheva, R, additional, and Boyadjiev, N, additional
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- 2021
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13. Combined testing of cerebrospinal fluid IL-12 (p40) and serum C-reactive protein as a possible discriminator of acute bacterial neuroinfections
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Kalchev, Y., primary, Petkova, Ts., additional, Raycheva, R., additional, Argirova, P., additional, Stoycheva, M., additional, and Murdjeva, M., additional
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- 2021
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14. HTA7 The Price of Innovation – Oncology Treatments Expenditures: Case from Bulgaria
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Raycheva, R. and Kostadinov, K.
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- 2023
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15. PCN263 ONCOLOGY DRUGS - INNOVATION ON HIGH SPEED
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Raycheva, R., primary
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- 2020
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16. STUDY OF THE FACIAL MORPHOLOGY OF YOUNG BULGARIANS WITH 3D LASER SCAN
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Ts. Petleshkova, Ts. Petleshkova, primary, Manev, H., additional, Sivkov, S., additional, Timonov, P., additional, Baltadjiev, A., additional, and Raycheva, R., additional
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- 2019
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17. Epidemiological study on cancer patents in Bulgaria and the Plovdiv region and the application of bisphosphonates on patients with malignancies in the Plovdiv region
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Hristamyan, M., primary, Raycheva, R., additional, Pechalova, P., additional, Hristamyan, V., additional, Stoilova, Y., additional, and Rangelova, V., additional
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- 2018
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18. Attitudes towards the influenza vaccine in Bulgaria-lessons learned from a pilot questionnaire study
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Rangelova, V., primary, Kevorkyan, A., additional, Raycheva, R., additional, Aleksandrova, M., additional, Aleksandrova, A., additional, and Amudzhiyan, D., additional
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- 2018
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19. Legionella pneumophila antibodies in serum samples from medical and dental personnel: a seroepidemiological survey
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Kevorkyan, A., primary, Tomova, I., additional, Raycheva, R., additional, Stoeva, V., additional, Stoilova, Y., additional, Lalabonova, H., additional, and Kondeva, V., additional
- Published
- 2017
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20. Legionella pneumophilaantibodies in serum samples from medical and dental personnel: a seroepidemiological survey
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Kevorkyan, A., Tomova, I., Raycheva, R., Stoeva, V., Stoilova, Y., Lalabonova, H., and Kondeva, V.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTVariety of health technologies applied in medical and dental practice are associated with formation of fine water droplets/aerosols. This presents a potential risk of both the patients and the personnel acquiring Legionnaires' disease. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of Legionellaantibodies in the personnel (medical and dental) and a control group. The serum antibody index (Ab index) to L. pneumophilaSg1-6 (IgG + IgM) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. L. pneumophilaSg 1-6 antibodies (Ab index > 5) were found in 27/66 (40.91%) of the personnel vs. 7/90 (7.78%) of the control subjects (χ2= 24.55, p< 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the seropositivity levels in the groups in terms of sex, concomitant chronic diseases, intake of medications affecting the immune response, smoking and history of pneumonia. Association was observed with the professional categories of the personnel (χ2= 6.836, df= 2, p< 0.05): more than 50% of the physicians were seropositive for L. pneumophila. The logistic regression analysis proved the role of seropositivity associated factors such as age, use of protective equipment and workplace (building with proven presence of L. pneumophilain the water system). The seroprevalence rate of Legionellaantibodies in the personnel can be associated with occupational risk exposure, especially in the absence of systematic and regular use of protective equipment during work and the lack of an established system for regular monitoring and preventive maintenance of the water systems in the healthcare facilities.
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- 2017
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21. Chickenpox-still a challenge for medicine
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Boykinova, O., Ani Kevorkyan, Baltadzhiev, I., and Raycheva, R.
22. SALE OF REGULATED ANTIBIOTICS WITHOUT PRESCRIPTION - RESEARCH ON THE PHARMACIST' ATTITUDES AND PATTERNS OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR.
- Author
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Stoyanova, R., Dimova, R., and Raycheva, R.
- Subjects
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ANTIBIOTICS , *DRUG prescription laws , *PHARMACISTS , *SURVEYS , *PATIENT safety , *MEDICAL laws - Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the pharmacists' attitudes and patterns of economic behavior during the sale of regulated antibiotics without a prescription. The sociological method of secret participant observation was used. The total number of the observations is 71 units. The results presented 52 (73.24%) of pharmacists surveyed as willing to perform a sale of regulated antibiotic agent, while 19 (26.76%) of them refused to provide the remedy without doctor's prescription. The "patient-actor" role and the density of the population determine the pattern of economic behavior of the pharmacists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
23. Infective Endocarditis-Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality, 17 Years, Single-Center Experience in Bulgaria.
- Author
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Dobreva-Yatseva B, Nikolov F, Raycheva R, and Tokmakova M
- Abstract
Despite enormous developments in medicine, infective endocarditis (IE) remains an ongoing issue for physicians due to increased morbidity and persistently high mortality. Our goal was to assess clinical outcomes in patients with IE and identify determinants of in-hospital mortality. Material and methods: The analysis was retrospective, single-centered, and comprised 270 patients diagnosed with IE from 2005 to 2021 (median age 65 (51-74), male 177 (65.6%). Native IE (NVIE) was observed in 180 (66.7%), prosthetic IE (PVIE) in 88 (33.6%), and cardiac device-related IE (CDRIE) in 2 (0.7%), with non-survivors having much higher rates. Healthcare-associated IE (HAIE) was 72 (26.7%), Staphylococci were the most prevalent pathogen, and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) non-HACEK was significantly greater in non-survivors than survivors (11 (15%) vs. 9 (4.5%), p = 0.004). Overall, 54 (20%) patients underwent early surgery, with a significant difference between dead and alive patients (3 (4.5%) vs. 51 (25.1%, p = 0.000). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 24.8% (67). Logistic regression was conducted on the total sample ( n = 270) for the period 2005-2021, as well as the sub-periods 2005-2015 ( n = 119) and 2016-2021 ( n = 151), to identify any differences in the trend of IE. For the overall group, the presence of septic shock (OR-83.1; 95% CI (17.0-405.2), p = 0.000) and acute heart failure (OR-24.6; 95% CI (9.2-65.0), p = 0.000) increased the risk of mortality. Early surgery (OR-0.03, 95% CI (0.01-0.16), p = 0.000) and a low Charlson comorbidity index (OR-0.85, 95% CI (0.74-0.98, p = 0.026) also lower this risk. Between 2005 and 2015, the presence of septic shock (OR 76.5, 95% CI 7.11-823.4, p = 0.000), acute heart failure (OR-11.5, 95% CI 2.9-46.3, p = 0.001), and chronic heart failure (OR-1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.8, p = 0.022) enhanced the likelihood of a fatal outcome. Low Charlson index comorbidity (CCI) lowered the risk (OR-0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.95, p = 0.026). For the period 2016-2021, the variable with the major influence for the model is the failure to perform early surgery in indicated patients (OR-240, 95% CI 23.2-2483, p = 0.000) followed by a complication of acute heart failure (OR-72.2, 95% CI 7.5-693.6. p = 0.000), septic shock (OR-17.4, 95% CI 2.0-150.8, p = 0.010), previous stroke (OR-9.2, 95% CI 1.4-59.4, p = 0.020) and low ejection fraction (OR-1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Knowing the predictors of mortality would change the therapeutic approach to be more aggressive, improving the short- and long-term prognosis of IE patients.
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- 2024
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24. The modernisation of newborn screening as a pan-European challenge - An international delphi study.
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Gillner S, Gumus G, Gross E, Iskrov G, Raycheva R, Stefanov G, Stefanov R, Chalandon AS, Granados A, Nam J, Clemens A, and Blankart CR
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Newborn screening is a public health measure to diagnose rare diseases at birth, thereby minimising negative effects of late treatment. Genomic technologies promise an unprecedented expansion of screened diseases at low cost and with transformative potential for newborn screening programmes. However, barriers to the public funding of genomic newborn screening are poorly understood, particularly in light of the heterogenous European newborn screening landscape. This study therefore aims to understand whether international newborn screening experts share a common understanding of the barriers to fund genomic newborn screening. For this purpose, we convened 21 European newborn screening experts across a range of professions and national backgrounds in a Delphi study. Stable consensus, determined via the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test, was found via three consecutive survey rounds for all presented barriers. Experts generally judged the scenario of genomic newborn screening being available to every newborn in seven years to be unlikely, identifying treatability and the absence of counselling and a skilled workforce as the most significant barriers to public funding. We identify value re-definition for rare disease treatments, centralisation of genomic expertise, and international research consortia as avenues for pan-European actions which build on the consensus achieved by our Delphi panel., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Anne-Sophie Chalandon and Alicia Granados are employed by Sanofi S.A. The views presented here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of Sanofi S.A., its directors, officers, or staff. Julian Nam is employed by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. The views presented here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., its directors, officers, or staff. Andreas Clemens is employed by Novartis AG. The views presented here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of Novartis AG, its directors, officers, or staff. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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25. Application of the bow-tie analysis to improve patient safety - a lesson learned from clinical practice.
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Dimova R, Raycheva R, and Pavlova P
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- Humans, Risk Management, Medication Errors prevention & control, Operating Rooms, Patient Safety
- Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the risk management of drug safety in an operating theater setting within a hospital-based treatment facility., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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26. Trend in Infective Endocarditis in Bulgaria: Characteristics and Outcome, 17-Years, Single Center Experience.
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Dobreva-Yatseva B, Nikolov F, Raycheva R, Uchikov P, and Tokmakova M
- Abstract
Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a difficult disease to diagnose and treat, with a persistently high mortality rate. There is a lack of recent data on IE in Bulgaria over the last decades., Methods: This study is retrospective, single-centered, and includes 270 patients diagnosed with IE for the period 2005-2021. We compared two periods, 2005-2015 (n = 119) and 2016-2021 (n = 151), to find the characteristics changes., Results: The study included 177 (65.5%) male patients. In the second period, there is a significant increase in age from 62 (44-73) to 67 (53-75), ( p = 0.023); in the Charlson comorbidities index (CCI) from 3 (1-4) to 4 (2-6), ( p = 0.000); in cases with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) from 15 (12.6%) to 55 (36.9%), ( p = 0.001); coronary arterial diseases (CADs) from 20 (16.85%) to 44 (29.1%), ( p = 0.018); and atrial fibrillation (AF) from 13 (10.9%) to 36 (23.8%), ( p = 0.006). Ejection fraction decreased significantly in the second period from 63 (56-70) to 59 (51-66), ( p = 0.000). Almost half of the patients 123 (45.6%) had no known predisposing cardiac condition, and 125 (46.3%) had an unknown port of entry. IE was community-acquired in 174 (64.4%), healthcare-associated in 72 (26.7%), and injection-drug-use-related IE in 24 (8.9%). The study population included 183 (67.8%) native valve IE, 85 (31.5%) prosthetic IE, and 2 (0.74%) intracardiac-device-related IE. The hemocultures were positive in 159 (59.6%), and the most frequent pathogenic agent was staphylococci-89 (33.3%) ( Staphylococcus aureus -44 (16.5%) and coagulase negative staphylococci-45 (16.8%)). Only 54 (20%) of patients underwent early surgery. The all-cause 30-day mortality rate was 67 (24.8%). There is no significant difference between the two periods in terms of the characteristics listed above., Conclusions: The profile of IE in Bulgaria has changed with increasing age and comorbidity, changing predisposing cardiac conditions, and entry door. The most common pathogen was the Staphylococcus spp. The 30-day mortality rate remains high.
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- 2024
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27. Monitoring compliance with the rules of antiseptics and decontamination by dental students at work.
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Stoeva V, Hristamyan M, Raycheva R, Kondeva V, and Stoilova Y
- Subjects
- Humans, Guideline Adherence, Infection Control, Dental methods, Decontamination methods, Students, Dental, Anti-Infective Agents, Local
- Abstract
Introduction: Dental personnel are potentially exposed to pathogenic microorganisms, as well as to possible sources of infection. The same is true for dental students, for whom it is crucial to acquire knowledge on infection control and appropriate dental techniques during their training., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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28. Infective Endocarditis-Characteristics and Prognosis According to the Affected Valves.
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Dobreva-Yatseva B, Nikolov F, Raycheva R, and Tokmakova M
- Abstract
Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be a disease with high mortality despite medical advances., Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of IE according to the affected valves., Materials and Methods: This study was retrospective and single-centered, and it included 270 patients with a diagnosis of IE, for the period 2005-2021, who received treatment at the University Hospital "St. Georgi" in Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Results: Single-valve IE (SIE) was found in 82.6% (n-223), multivalvular IE (MIE) in 16.66% (n = 45) and device IE (CDRIE) in 0.74% (n = 2) of patients. The most commonly affected valve was the aortic valve, in 44.8% (n = 121). The predominant multivalvular involvement was aortic-mitral valves (AV-MV) (13.7%, n = 37). The patients with tricuspid valve (TV) IE were significantly younger, at 39 (30) years, and were more frequently male (80.8%). Mortality was higher in MIE than in SIE (31.1% vs. 23.8%) and was the highest in multivalve aortic-tricuspid (AV-TV) IE (75%). Early surgery was performed most in AV-MV IE, in 29.7% (n = 11). The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was significantly higher in MV 4 (4) and AV 3 (3) vs. TV IE 1 (5) ( p = 0.048 and p = 0.011, respectively). Septic shock occurred most frequently in AV-TV involvement (75%; p = 0.0001). The most common causative agents were of the Staphylococcus group. Staphylococcus aureus more often affected TV alone (46.2%, n = 124) vs. AV (9.9%, n = 14; p = 0.0001) and vs. MV (22.6%, n = 17; p = 0.022); Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (CNG) was the prevalent cause of MV IE (22.7%, n = 17) vs. AV-MV (2.7%, n = 1; p = 0.007). Streptococci were represented in a low percentage and only in left-sided IE, more frequently in AV-MV (18.9%, n = 7) vs. AV (6.6%, n = 8; p = 0.025)., Conclusions: The aortic valve is the most frequently affected valve, as single-valve IE or as multivalve AV-MV, with the predominant causative agents being of the Staphylococcus group. AV-TV IE has the worst prognosis, with the most common complication of septic shock and the highest in-hospital mortality.
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- 2024
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29. Landscape analysis of available European data sources amenable for machine learning and recommendations on usability for rare diseases screening.
- Author
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Raycheva R, Kostadinov K, Mitova E, Iskrov G, Stefanov G, Vakevainen M, Elomaa K, Man YS, Gross E, Zschüntzsch J, Röttger R, and Stefanov R
- Subjects
- Humans, Bayes Theorem, Cross-Sectional Studies, Machine Learning, Rare Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Patient registries and databases are essential tools for advancing clinical research in the area of rare diseases, as well as for enhancing patient care and healthcare planning. The primary aim of this study is a landscape analysis of available European data sources amenable to machine learning (ML) and their usability for Rare Diseases screening, in terms of findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable(FAIR), legal, and business considerations. Second, recommendations will be proposed to provide a better understanding of the health data ecosystem., Methods: In the period of March 2022 to December 2022, a cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted among potential respondents, identified as main contact person of a health-related databases. The design of the self-completed questionnaire survey instrument was based on information drawn from relevant scientific publications, quantitative and qualitative research, and scoping review on challenges in mapping European rare disease (RD) databases. To determine database characteristics associated with the adherence to the FAIR principles, legal and business aspects of database management Bayesian models were fitted., Results: In total, 330 unique replies were processed and analyzed, reflecting the same number of distinct databases (no duplicates included). In terms of geographical scope, we observed 24.2% (n = 80) national, 10.0% (n = 33) regional, 8.8% (n = 29) European, and 5.5% (n = 18) international registries coordinated in Europe. Over 80.0% (n = 269) of the databases were still active, with approximately 60.0% (n = 191) established after the year 2000 and 71.0% last collected new data in 2022. Regarding their geographical scope, European registries were associated with the highest overall FAIR adherence, while registries with regional and "other" geographical scope were ranked at the bottom of the list with the lowest proportion. Responders' willingness to share data as a contribution to the goals of the Screen4Care project was evaluated at the end of the survey. This question was completed by 108 respondents; however, only 18 of them (16.7%) expressed a direct willingness to contribute to the project by sharing their databases. Among them, an equal split between pro-bono and paid services was observed., Conclusions: The most important results of our study demonstrate not enough sufficient FAIR principles adherence and low willingness of the EU health databases to share patient information, combined with some legislation incapacities, resulting in barriers to the secondary use of data., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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30. Acute Management of Deep Periorbital Burns: A 10-Year Review of Experience.
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Kalinova K, Raycheva R, Petrova N, and Uchikov P
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Deep periorbital burns are an important issue mainly due to the presence of the eyes in the region, and the crucial importance of preservation of vision. There is no consensus regarding their treatment. A retrospective analysis of the treatment and outcome of 446 patients with deep burns of the periorbital region admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of St George's University Hospital in Plovdiv, Bulgaria over 10 years was conducted. The study covers 446 patients, 162 female (36.5%) and 284 male (63.5%) aged from 5 months to 92 years. Deep periorbital burns accounted for 74.8% of hospitalized deep facial burns. Most frequent burn agents were hot liquids and flames. The mean total body surface area affected was 19.6% (min 0.5%, max 80.0%). Concomitant ocular pathology was diagnosed in 14% (n=63) of the patients. An early, staged and precise surgical approach was preferred, aimed at fast wound closure without sacrificing survived tissues. Follow up time ranged from 3 months to 5 years, median 37 months. Late ocular sequelae occurred in 7.4% (n=33) of the patients. There was no incidence of secondary corneal perforation or definitive loss of vision. Timely and adequate treatment during the acute period can minimize initial damage and late sequelae. Favor is given to the early, balanced surgical approach aimed at rapid wound closure between day 2 and 10 post burn. Preservation of vision is a determining factor for the significance of trauma and the effectiveness of treatment., (© 2024 Euro-Mediterranean Council for Burns and Fire Disasters.)
- Published
- 2024
31. Expression of HIF-1α, Ki67, SMA and E-cadherin in endometriosis, endometrial and ovarian carcinoma.
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Markov D, Poryazova E, Raycheva R, and Markov G
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- Female, Humans, Ki-67 Antigen, Cadherins metabolism, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, Endometriosis, Ovarian Neoplasms
- Abstract
Introduction: Endometriosis is a benign gynecological condition that shares many characteristics with cancer cells, including immune evasion, survival, adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis. The simultaneous investigation of tissue hypoxia, EMT, and proliferative index in endometriosis, endometrial, and ovarian carcinomas may provide new insight into the evolution and progression of gynecological neoplasms., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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32. Clinical and virological profile of locally acquired acute hepatitis E in South Bulgaria.
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Komitova R, Kevorkyan A, Golkocheva-Markova E, Atanasova M, Rangelova V, Raycheva R, Ismailova C, Stoyanova A, and Tenev T
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- Adult, Humans, Male, Aged, Female, Prospective Studies, Bulgaria epidemiology, Hepatitis Antibodies, RNA, Viral, Hepatitis E diagnosis, Hepatitis E epidemiology, Hepatitis E virus genetics
- Abstract
Introduction: Acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is recognized as a zoonosis in several European countries. We describe the characteristics and outcomes of locally acquired acute HEV hepatitis., Methodology: A prospective study was conducted among adult patients with acute HEV hepatitis at the University Hospital in Plovdiv, South Bulgaria between January 2020 and May 2022. An acute HEV infection case was a patient with acute hepatitis and laboratory-confirmed anti-HEV IgM antibodies and/or HEV RNA in serum. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, and outcomes were recorded., Results: A total of 46 patients were selected. Median age of 65 years (interquartile range [IQR] 50.8-74.3). 28 (60.87%) were male. 22 (47.83%) had comorbidities such as diabetes (15), liver cirrhosis (3), hepatitis B virus infection (2), and malignancies (2). Of the 46, 18 (39.13%) patients were viremic and, HEV genotype 3 was detected. The median (IQR) serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, platelet, and international normalized ratio levels were 992 (495.8-1714.3) U/L, 715 (262.5-1259.3) U/L, 204 (132.3-235.5) µmol/L, 204 (132.3-235.5) ×109 L, and 1.0 (0.89-1.19), respectively. Six patients with underlying liver diseases had severe hepatitis. A young patient with osteoarthritis progressed to acute liver failure and died. The persistent HEV infection was ruled out in 2 malignant patients who tested HEV RNA negative three months after discharge., Conclusions: Acute HEV hepatitis is a diagnosis to consider after excluding other causes of acute viral hepatitis. A diagnostic workup should include timely testing for HEV to identify the most vulnerable to severe consequences., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2024 Radka Komitova, Ani Kevorkyan, Elitsa Golkocheva-Markova, Mariya Atanasova, Vanya Rangelova, Ralitsa Raycheva, Chyidem Ismailova, Asya Stoyanova, Tencho Tenev.)
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- 2024
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33. Are the European reference networks for rare diseases ready to embrace machine learning? A mixed-methods study.
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Iskrov G, Raycheva R, Kostadinov K, Gillner S, Blankart CR, Gross ES, Gumus G, Mitova E, Stefanov S, Stefanov G, and Stefanov R
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- Humans, Machine Learning, Focus Groups, Health Personnel, Rare Diseases diagnosis, Delivery of Health Care
- Abstract
Background: The delay in diagnosis for rare disease (RD) patients is often longer than for patients with common diseases. Machine learning (ML) technologies have the potential to speed up and increase the precision of diagnosis in this population group. We aim to explore the expectations and experiences of the members of the European Reference Networks (ERNs) for RDs with those technologies and their potential for application., Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach with an online survey followed by a focus group discussion. Our study targeted primarily medical professionals but also other individuals affiliated with any of the 24 ERNs., Results: The online survey yielded 423 responses from ERN members. Participants reported a limited degree of knowledge of and experience with ML technologies. They considered improved diagnostic accuracy the most important potential benefit, closely followed by the synthesis of clinical information, and indicated the lack of training in these new technologies, which hinders adoption and implementation in routine care. Most respondents supported the option that ML should be an optional but recommended part of the diagnostic process for RDs. Most ERN members saw the use of ML limited to specialised units only in the next 5 years, where those technologies should be funded by public sources. Focus group discussions concluded that the potential of ML technologies is substantial and confirmed that the technologies will have an important impact on healthcare and RDs in particular. As ML technologies are not the core competency of health care professionals, participants deemed a close collaboration with developers necessary to ensure that results are valid and reliable. However, based on our results, we call for more research to understand other stakeholders' opinions and expectations, including the views of patient organisations., Conclusions: We found enthusiasm to implement and apply ML technologies, especially diagnostic tools in the field of RDs, despite the perceived lack of experience. Early dialogue and collaboration between health care professionals, developers, industry, policymakers, and patient associations seem to be crucial to building trust, improving performance, and ultimately increasing the willingness to accept diagnostics based on ML technologies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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34. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-Incidence and Strategies for Prevention.
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Rangelova V, Kevorkyan A, Raycheva R, and Krasteva M
- Abstract
The second most prevalent healthcare-associated infection in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This review aims to update the knowledge regarding the incidence of neonatal VAP and to summarize possible strategies for prevention. The VAP incidence ranges from 1.4 to 7 episodes per 1000 ventilator days in developed countries and from 16.1 to 89 episodes per 1000 ventilator days in developing countries. This nosocomial infection is linked to higher rates of illness, death, and longer hospital stays, which imposes a substantial financial burden on both the healthcare system and families. Due to the complex nature of the pathophysiology of VAP, various approaches for its prevention in the neonatal intensive care unit have been suggested. There are two main categories of preventative measures: those that attempt to reduce infections in general (such as decontamination and hand hygiene) and those that target VAP in particular (such as VAP care bundles, head of bed elevation, and early extubation). Some of the interventions, including practicing good hand hygiene and feeding regimens, are easy to implement and have a significant impact. One of the measures that seems very promising and encompasses a lot of the preventive measures for VAP are the bundles. Some preventive measures still need to be studied.
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- 2024
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35. Laser biomodification of the bone bed surface for placement of spiral dental implants: a study based on scanning electron microscopy.
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Kanazirski N, Neychev D, Raycheva R, and Zahariev N
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- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Wound Healing, Hot Temperature, Dental Implants, Lasers, Solid-State
- Abstract
Introduction: Various rotary and mechanical instruments are used in conventional oral surgery for osteotomies. Despite the implementation of effective cooling systems, it is difficult to prevent thermal damage to the adjacent bone caused by heat generated during the procedure. A smear layer forms on the surface, which can impede the interaction of blood elements with the underlying tissue, resulting in a delayed healing process., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2023
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36. High vaccine confidence and strong approval of the mandatory immunization schedule among Bulgarian general practitioners in 2022.
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Dimitrova V, Stoitsova S, Rangelov V, Raycheva R, Martinova M, Nenova G, Iakimova M, Georgieva I, Georgiev I, Krumova S, Minkova A, Vladimirova N, and Nikolaeva-Glomb L
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- Child, Humans, Bulgaria, Immunization Schedule, COVID-19 Vaccines, Vaccination, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, General Practitioners, COVID-19, Vaccines
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In a context of recently decreasing childhood immunization coverage and low uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in Bulgaria, this study measures vaccine hesitancy among general practitioners (GPs) in the country, as they are central to forming patients' attitudes. In 2022, a face-to-face survey was conducted through a simple random sample from an exhaustive national database of Bulgarian GPs. This study measured attitudes on vaccine importance, safety, and effectiveness, and attitudes toward the Bulgarian immunization schedule. Information was collected on demographic and GP practice characteristics and possible predictors of vaccine confidence in order to test for associations with attitudes toward immunization. GP attitudes toward vaccines and the immunization schedule in Bulgaria were generally positive. Among 358 respondents, 351 (98%,95%CI96-99%) strongly agreed/agreed that vaccines are important, 352 (98%,95%CI96-99%) that vaccines are effective, and 341 (95%,95%CI93-97%) that vaccines are safe. 347 respondents (97%,95%CI95-98%) affirmed that "it's good that vaccines from the children's immunization schedule are mandatory", and 331 (92%,95%CI89-95%) agreed with the statement "Bulgaria's childhood immunization has my approval". Trust in information from official institutions was among the strongest predictors of vaccine confidence. Respondents' vaccine confidence levels are within the ranges reported by GPs in other European countries and above those reported within the general Bulgarian population. GPs' vaccine confidence is highly associated with trust in official institutions. It is important to maintain trust in official institutions and to support GPs in communicating vaccine knowledge with patients so that vaccine hesitancy in the general population is countered.
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- 2023
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37. Genetic newborn screening and digital technologies: A project protocol based on a dual approach to shorten the rare diseases diagnostic path in Europe.
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Garnier N, Berghout J, Zygmunt A, Singh D, Huang KA, Kantz W, Blankart CR, Gillner S, Zhao J, Roettger R, Saier C, Kirschner J, Schenk J, Atkins L, Ryan N, Zarakowska K, Zschüntzsch J, Zuccolo M, Müllenborn M, Man YS, Goodman L, Trad M, Chalandon AS, Sansen S, Martinez-Fresno M, Badger S, Walther van Olden R, Rothmann R, Lehner P, Tschohl C, Baillon L, Gumus G, Gross E, Stefanov R, Iskrov G, Raycheva R, Kostadinov K, Mitova E, Einhorn M, Einhorn Y, Schepers J, Hübner M, Alves F, Iskandar R, Mayer R, Renieri A, Piperkova A, Gut I, Beltran S, Matthiesen ME, Poetz M, Hansson M, Trollmann R, Agolini E, Ottombrino S, Novelli A, Bertini E, Selvatici R, Farnè M, Fortunato F, and Ferlini A
- Subjects
- Infant, Newborn, Humans, Child, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Technology, Europe, Neonatal Screening methods, Rare Diseases diagnosis, Rare Diseases epidemiology, Rare Diseases genetics
- Abstract
Since 72% of rare diseases are genetic in origin and mostly paediatrics, genetic newborn screening represents a diagnostic "window of opportunity". Therefore, many gNBS initiatives started in different European countries. Screen4Care is a research project, which resulted of a joint effort between the European Union Commission and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations. It focuses on genetic newborn screening and artificial intelligence-based tools which will be applied to a large European population of about 25.000 infants. The neonatal screening strategy will be based on targeted sequencing, while whole genome sequencing will be offered to all enrolled infants who may show early symptoms but have resulted negative at the targeted sequencing-based newborn screening. We will leverage artificial intelligence-based algorithms to identify patients using Electronic Health Records (EHR) and to build a repository "symptom checkers" for patients and healthcare providers. S4C will design an equitable, ethical, and sustainable framework for genetic newborn screening and new digital tools, corroborated by a large workout where legal, ethical, and social complexities will be addressed with the intent of making the framework highly and flexibly translatable into the diverse European health systems., Competing Interests: none., (Copyright: © 2023 Garnier et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2023
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38. Diagnostic benefits of 18F-FDG PET/CT in cases of prosthetic infective endocarditis.
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Dobreva-Yatseva B, Nikolov F, Raycheva R, Botushanova A, Koleva M, and Tokmakova M
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- Humans, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography adverse effects, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography methods, Radiopharmaceuticals, Positron-Emission Tomography adverse effects, Positron-Emission Tomography methods, Heart Valve Prosthesis adverse effects, Endocarditis, Bacterial diagnostic imaging, Endocarditis diagnostic imaging, Prosthesis-Related Infections diagnostic imaging, Prosthesis-Related Infections complications, Fluorine Radioisotopes
- Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a difficult-to-diagnose provocative disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The first-line imaging test for the diagnosis of IE is echocardiography. However, in cases of prosthetic IE or IE associated with intracardiac devices, its sensitivity is limited. A new diagnostic tool, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), improves diagnosis in these difficult cases. The most recent European guidelines for IE (2015) include this imaging modality as a primary diagnostic criterion. We present a case of culture-negative prosthetic IE diagnosed with 18F-FDG PET/CT., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2023
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39. Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection among Hemodialysis Patients from Southern Bulgaria.
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Kevorkyan A, Golkocheva-Markova E, Raycheva R, Rangelova V, Komitova R, Atanasova M, Tzekov V, Kostadinova T, and Chardakova T
- Abstract
Viral hepatitis B and C are widely recognized problems in hemodialysis (HD) patients. There have been increasing reports of the importance of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) in recent years, but the worldwide data on the seroprevalence of HEV among them are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to assess the seroprevalence of HEV in HD patients and to analyze the predictors of seropositivity. This study was conducted in 2020 in the central part of southern Bulgaria. A total of 225 patients were enrolled. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of anti-HEV IgM/IgG was used. All patients were tested for the presence of HEV RNA. Anti-HEV IgM alone and anti-HEV IgG alone were found in 6 (2.7%) and 14 (6.2%) patients, respectively, and in 4 (1.8%) patients, they were found simultaneously. All patients were HEV RNA-negative. The overall HEV seroprevalence was 10.7% (24/225). The binominal logistic regression analysis of available predictors confirmed the role of vascular access and a duration of dialysis treatment over 5 years as predictors significantly associated with increased risk for HEV, and the consumption of bottled water with lower levels of HEV IgG seroprevalence among hemodialysis patients. The accumulated data are the basis for comparative analysis in subsequent trials in the same dialysis centers and for enhancing the range of screening markers used in this particular patient group.
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- 2023
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40. Challenges in mapping European rare disease databases, relevant for ML-based screening technologies in terms of organizational, FAIR and legal principles: scoping review.
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Raycheva R, Kostadinov K, Mitova E, Bogoeva N, Iskrov G, Stefanov G, and Stefanov R
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- Humans, Artificial Intelligence, Registries, Privacy, Data Management, Rare Diseases
- Abstract
Background: Given the increased availability of data sources such as hospital information systems, electronic health records, and health-related registries, a novel approach is required to develop artificial intelligence-based decision support that can assist clinicians in their diagnostic decision-making and shorten rare disease patients' diagnostic odyssey. The aim is to identify key challenges in the process of mapping European rare disease databases, relevant to ML-based screening technologies in terms of organizational, FAIR and legal principles., Methods: A scoping review was conducted based on the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The primary article search was conducted in three electronic databases (MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and a secondary search was performed in Google scholar and on the organizations' websites. Each step of this review was carried out independently by two researchers. A charting form for relevant study analysis was developed and used to categorize data and identify data items in three domains - organizational, FAIR and legal., Results: At the end of the screening process, 73 studies were eligible for review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with more than 60% ( n = 46) of the research published in the last 5 years and originated only from EU/EEA countries. Over the ten-year period (2013-2022), there is a clear cycling trend in the publications, with a peak of challenges reporting every four years. Within this trend, the following dynamic was identified: except for 2016, organizational challenges dominated the articles published up to 2018; legal challenges were the most frequently discussed topic from 2018 to 2022. The following distribution of the data items by domains was observed - (1) organizational ( n = 36): data accessibility and sharing (20.2%); long-term sustainability (18.2%); governance, planning and design (17.2%); lack of harmonization and standardization (17.2%); quality of data collection (16.2%); and privacy risks and small sample size (11.1%); (2) FAIR ( n = 15): findable (17.9%); accessible sustainability (25.0%); interoperable (39.3%); and reusable (17.9%); and (3) legal ( n = 33): data protection by all means (34.4%); data management and ownership (22.9%); research under GDPR and member state law (20.8%); trust and transparency (13.5%); and digitalization of health (8.3%). We observed a specific pattern repeated in all domains during the process of data charting and data item identification - in addition to the outlined challenges, good practices, guidelines, and recommendations were also discussed. The proportion of publications addressing only good practices, guidelines, and recommendations for overcoming challenges when mapping RD databases in at least one domain was calculated to be 47.9% ( n = 35)., Conclusion: Despite the opportunities provided by innovation - automation, electronic health records, hospital-based information systems, biobanks, rare disease registries and European Reference Networks - the results of the current scoping review demonstrate a diversity of the challenges that must still be addressed, with immediate actions on ensuring better governance of rare disease registries, implementing FAIR principles, and enhancing the EU legal framework., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Raycheva, Kostadinov, Mitova, Bogoeva, Iskrov, Stefanov and Stefanov.)
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- 2023
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41. Effect of Er:YAG Laser Exposure on the Amorphous Smear Layer in the Marginal Zone of the Osteotomy Site for Placement of Dental Screw Implants: A Histomorphological Study.
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Kanazirski N, Vladova D, Neychev D, Raycheva R, and Kanazirska P
- Abstract
The placement of dental screw implants typically involves the use of rotary techniques and drills to create a bone bed. This study explores the potential benefits of combining this method with an Er:YAG laser. Split osteotomies were performed on 10 jaws of euthanized domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica), with 12 mandibular implant osteotomies in each jaw, divided into 4 groups. In order to make a comprehensive assessment of the effect of Er:YAG lasers, histomorphological techniques were used to measure the reduction in amorphous layer thickness after Er:YAG laser treatment, both with and without the placement of dental screw implants from different manufacturers. Following bone decalcification and staining, the thickness of the amorphous layer was measured in four groups: Group A-osteotomy performed without Er:YAG laser treatment-had amorphous layer thicknesses ranging from 21.813 to 222.13 µm; Group B-osteotomy performed with Er:YAG laser treatment-had amorphous layer thicknesses ranging from 6.08 to 64.64 µm; Group C-an implant placed in the bone without laser treatment-had amorphous layer thicknesses of 5.90 to 54.52 µm; and Group D-an implant placed after bone treatment with Er:YAG laser-had amorphous layer thicknesses of 1.29 to 7.98 µm. The examination and photomicrodocumentation was performed using a LEICA DM1000 LED microscope (Germany) and LAS V 4.8 software (Leica Application Suite V4, Leica Microsystems, Germany). When comparing group A to group B and group C to D, statistically significant differences were indicated ( p -value = 0.000, p < 0.05). The study demonstrates the synergistic effects and the possibility of integrating lasers into the conventional implantation protocol. By applying our own method of biomodification, the smear layer formed during rotary osteotomy can be reduced using Er:YAG lasers. This reduction leads to a narrower peri-implant space and improved bone-to-implant contact, facilitating accelerated osseointegration.
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- 2023
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42. Age and Gender Trends in the Prevalence of Markers for Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in the Heterogeneous Bulgarian Population.
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Golkocheva-Markova E, Ismailova C, Kevorkyan A, Raycheva R, Zhelyazkova S, Kotsev S, Pishmisheva M, Rangelova V, Stoyanova A, Yoncheva V, Tenev T, Gladnishka T, Trifonova I, Christova I, Dimitrov R, Bruni R, and Ciccaglione AR
- Abstract
The prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the Bulgarian population remains underestimated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate age and gender trends in HEV prevalence in the heterogeneous Bulgarian population. Stored serum samples from blood donors and different patient sub-populations-kidney recipients (KR), patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), Lyme disease (LD), patients with liver involvement and a clinical diagnosis other than viral hepatitis A and E (non-AE), hemodialysis (HD) and HIV-positive patients (HIV)-were retrospectively investigated for markers of past and recent/ongoing HEV infection. The estimated overall seroprevalence of past infection was 10.6%, ranging from 5.9% to 24.5% for the sub-populations evaluated, while the seroprevalence of recent/ongoing HEV infection was 7.5%, ranging from 2.1% to 20.4%. The analysis of the individual sub-populations showed a different prevalence with respect to sex. In regard to age, the cohort effect was preserved, as a multimodal pattern was observed only for the GBS sub-population. Molecular analysis revealed HEV 3f and 3e. The type of the population is one of the main factors on which the anti-HEV prevalence depends, highlighting the need for the development of guidelines related to the detection and diagnosis of HEV infection with regard to specific patient populations.
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- 2023
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43. Application of bioceramic endodontic sealers in clinical practice.
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Stefanova V, Zhekov K, and Raycheva R
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- Male, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Root Canal Obturation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Root Canal Filling Materials
- Abstract
Objective: To assess the attitude of dental medicine practitioners towards the usage of bioceramic endodontic sealers in their clinical practice., Methods: The survey-based study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2020 in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, after approval from the ethics review committee of the Medical University of Plovdiv, and comprised dentists of either gender who attended in person events organised by the Bulgarian Dental Association. Data was collected using a self-reporting 20-item questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 26., Results: Of the 200 forms distributed, 164(82%) were duly filled; 52(32%) from males and 112(68%) from females. The overall median age was 46.50 years (interquartile range: 21 years). Mean work experience was 23.68±11.43 years. Significant differences were found between the application of bioceramic sealers and the type of acquired specialty, the endodontic obturation technique and the final irrigation solution (p<0.05)., Conclusions: Majority of the respondents did not feel the need to change the endodontic obturation technique in order to adopt the usage of bioceramic sealers.
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- 2023
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44. Preconception-Health-Related Attitudes of Bulgarian Women of Reproductive Age.
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Hristova-Atanasova E, Iskrov G, Raycheva R, Mandova V, and Stefanov R
- Abstract
Preconception care (PC) is relatively new area of practice. While the volume and quality of PC activities depend on local settings, the awareness of women is critical for the successful promotion of PC services. The aim of this study was to examine the preconception-health-related attitudes and experiences of Bulgarian women of reproductive age. A qualitative study conducted among 20 women aged 18 to 49 years was performed between May and July 2022. Two focus groups were used with mixed samples of nulligravida, pregnant, and postpartum women. The participants thought that the Internet and their obstetrician-gynecologist were the only places where they could learn about getting pregnant. Only two of them discussed their PC plans with their physicians. Women pointed out that general practitioners (GPs) need to be more proactive in promoting PC. All respondents outlined the need for a web-based educational platform that could serve as a primary source of health information for future families. The role and functions of GPs in the continuum of PC should be reconsidered. We recommend targeted educational measures for all stakeholders, including women and GPs. In this regard, an easily accessible, knowledge-based web platform could enhance Bulgarian women's awareness and perceptions of PC.
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- 2023
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45. Chest CT diagnostic potential as a tool for early detection of suspected COVID-19 cases in pandemic peaks.
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Chervenkov L, Raycheva R, Rangelova V, and Doykova K
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- Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Aged, Prospective Studies, Early Diagnosis, Bulgaria epidemiology, COVID-19 Testing, Pandemics, COVID-19 diagnostic imaging, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 caused a massive global outbreak that has become a major public health issue., Aim: Our aim was to investigate the diagnostic potential of chest CT in screening patients suspected of having COVID-19 in high-prevalence settings., Materials and Methods: This is a real-life, prospective, observational study involving 260 patients. All patients received chest CT scan at the emergency department (ED) of Kaspela University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria and RT-PCR testing for suspected COVID-19 from March 27 to December 31, 2020. COVID-19 likelihood was assessed by assigning each CT scan to a particular category of the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS). IBM SPSS v. 26 was used to process the data., Results: The male-to-female distribution ratio was 1.4:1 - 150 (57.7%) males vs. 110 (42.3%) females (p=0.014). The median age was 55 yrs (range 46-65 yrs). Discharged patients were 247 (95.0%), the rest died in the COVID-19 intensive care unit. Males were 4.13 times more likely to be diagnosed with CO-RADS≥3 score than females. Increasing age was associated with an increased likelihood of being classified with higher CO-RADS scores. The ROC curves analysis demonstrated that CO-RADS ≥3 was the optimal cutoff for discrimi-nating between a positive and negative PCR (Youden's index J=0.67), with an AUC of 0.825 (95% CI 0.72-0.93), sensitivity of 91.9% (95% CI 87.7%-95.1%), specificity of 75.0% (95% CI 53.3%-90.2%) and accuracy of 76.4% (95% CI 70.7%-81.4%)., Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that a CT examination can provide a quick and accurate diagnosis of patients with sus-pected COVID-19 infection, whereas the PCR test is time-consuming, and the delay in receiving results can be substantial when the incidence curve begins to grow rapidly., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2023
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46. Stochastic modelling of scalar time series of varicella incidence for a period of 92 years (1928-2019).
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Raycheva R, Kevorkyan A, and Stoilova Y
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- Child, Forecasting, Humans, Incidence, Time Factors, Chickenpox epidemiology, Herpesvirus 3, Human
- Abstract
Introduction: Varicella is an acute, highly contagious disease, characterised by generalised vesicular exanthema caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) which usually affects children aged 2 to 8 years., Aim: To analyse the changes of varicella incidence in Bulgaria over the period of 1928-2019., Materials and Methods: The time series analysis is based on the official data for varicella incidence (per 100,000) in Bulgaria for ninety-two years (1928-2019), obtained from three major sources. We utilized the method to construct a time series model of overall incidence (1928-2019) using time series modeller in SPSS v. 25. We followed all three steps of the standard ARIMA methodology to establish the model - identification, parameter estimation, and diagnostic checking., Results: Stochastic scalar time series modelling of the varicella incidence from 1928 to 2019 was performed. The stochastic ARIMA (0,1,1) was identified to be the most appropriate model. The decomposition of varicella incidence time series into a stochastic trend and a stationary component was reasoned based on the model defined. In addition, we assessed the importance of the long-term and immediate effect of one shock. The long-term forecast was also under discussion., Conclusions: The ARIMA model (0,1,1) in our study is an adequate tool for presenting the varicella incidence trend and is suitable to forecast near future disease dynamics with acceptable error tolerance., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2022
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47. Reporting adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines: The case of Bulgaria.
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Rangelova V, Raycheva R, Sariyan S, and Kevorkyan A
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- Adult, Bulgaria, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Self Report, Vaccination, Vaccines, Synthetic adverse effects, mRNA Vaccines, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 Vaccines adverse effects, Viral Vaccines adverse effects
- Abstract
As a member state of the European Union, where vaccines against COVID-19 are available and affordable, Bulgaria reports the lowest immunization coverage and the most pronounced vaccine distrust. The present study aimed to assess the self-reported adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination as a possible tool to increase the trust in vaccines. A cross-sectional survey-based study, covering 761 vaccinated respondents, was conducted in Plovdiv (469 with an mRNA vaccine and 292 with an adenoviral vector vaccine). Descriptive statistics parametric and non-parametric methods were applied. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The median age of the respondents was 42 years, females (72.5%). At least one adverse reaction was reported in 89.9% of those immunized with mRNA vaccine and 93.8% in the adenoviral vector vaccine group (p>0.05). They were mild to moderate and resolved within several days. The levels of local reactions were comparable: 91.7% in those who received mRNA and 89.7% in those who received an adenoviral vector vaccine (p = 0.366). The most common types of systemic reactions were fatigue, headache, and muscle pains. An association was found between the systemic reactions and the type of vaccine administered: 59.7% in mRNA recipients and 89.4% in adenoviral vector vaccinees (p<0.001). None of the registered systemic reactions required medical attention. There were 3 reports of generalized urticaria after an mRNA and 2 after an adenoviral vector vaccine. The reported reactions are relatively high but expected and no adverse events have been reported that are not listed in the official Summary of Product Characteristics., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2022
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48. Cost Analysis for Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
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Raycheva R, Rangelova V, and Kevorkyan A
- Abstract
The concept of improving the quality and safety of healthcare is well known. However, a follow-up question is often asked about whether these improvements are cost-effective. The prevalence of nosocomial infections (NIs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is approximately 30% in developing countries. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common NI in the NICU. Reducing the incidence of NIs can offer patients better and safer treatment and at the same time can provide cost savings for hospitals and payers. The aim of the study is to assess the direct costs of VAP in the NICU. This is a prospective study, conducted between January 2017 and June 2018 in the NICU of University Hospital “St. George” Plovdiv, Bulgaria. During this period, 107 neonates were ventilated for more than 48 h and included in the study. The costs for the hospital stay are based on the records from the Accounting Database of the setting. The differences directly attributable to VAP are presented both as an absolute value and percentage, based on the difference between the values of the analyzed variables. There are no statistically significant differences between patients with and without VAP in terms of age, sex, APGAR score, time of admission after birth and survival. We confirmed differences between the median birth weight (U = 924, p = 0.045) and average gestational age (t = 2.14, p = 0.035) of the patients in the two study groups. The median length of stay (patient-days) for patients with VAP is 32 days, compared to 18 days for non-VAP patients (U = 1752, p < 0.001). The attributive hospital stay due to VAP is 14 days. The median hospital costs for patients with VAP are estimated at €3675.77, compared to the lower expenses of €2327.78 for non-VAP patients (U = 1791.5, p < 0.001). The median cost for antibiotic therapy for patients with VAP is €432.79, compared to €351.61 for patients without VAP (U = 1556, p = 0.024). Our analysis confirms the results of other studies that the increased length of hospital stays due to VAP results in an increase in hospital costs. VAP is particularly associated with prematurity, low birth weight and prolonged mechanical ventilation.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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49. Assessment of hepatitis E seropositivity among HIV-infected patients in Bulgaria.
- Author
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Golkocheva-Markova E, Kevorkyan A, Raycheva R, Ismailova C, Yoncheva V, Tenev T, Emilova R, Grigorova L, Baltadzhiev I, and Komitova R
- Subjects
- Adult, Bulgaria epidemiology, Hepatitis Antibodies, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Male, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Seroepidemiologic Studies, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections epidemiology, Hepatitis E complications, Hepatitis E virus
- Abstract
It is debatable whether HIV-infected patients are at greater risk for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection compared with healthy subjects. The reported anti-HEV seroprevalence among different groups in Bulgaria varied from 9.04% to 25.9%, but the information regarding the HIV population is still missing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate hepatitis E seroprevalence among HIV-infected patients in Bulgaria and to analyze demographic and immunological factors associated with HEV infection. Serum samples of 312 HIV-infected patients were analyzed retrospectively. Age, sex, residence and laboratory markers for HEV, HBV, HCV and HIV infection, and lymphocytes subpopulations were collected for all patients. None of the tested samples were positive for HEV RNA. HEV seroprevalence among HIV-infected patients was 10.9%. Males were more affected with the highest prevalence of positivity in the age group > 30 to ≤ 40 years. The documented HIV transmission routes in HIV/HEV co-infected group were heterosexual, homosexual, intravenous drug use (IDU), and vertical with predominace of the heterosexual route (z = 0.2; p = 0.804). There was a statistically significant trend of HIV mixed infection with routes of HIV transmission other than homosexual - heterosexual in HIV/HEV group and injection drug use in HIV/HBV/HCV co-infected group. The route of HIV transmission, in contexts of patients' behavior, was associated with HEV prevalence among HIV-infected patients., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare no Conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A rare case of a patient with primary urothelial carcinoma of the prostate urethra - Multidisciplinary approach.
- Author
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P A and G R
- Abstract
Urethral carcinomas are rare cancers, so there are no definite recommendations and a unified approach in their diagnosis and treatment. We present a patient with invasive urothelial carcinoma of the prostate urethra, in whom, due to severe psychological trauma and unsuccessful suicide attempt after diagnosis, the initial decision for radical surgical treatment was changed. CyberKnife radiation therapy and immunotherapy with a very good therapeutic response were administered., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2021 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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