131 results on '"Ray CG"'
Search Results
2. Dialogue.Value and values: can we provide value and respect professional andcommunity values?
- Author
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Chavez N, Dixon K, McNeill D, Egnew RC, Ray CG, Whitehouse D., PANICO, SALVATORE, Chavez, N, Dixon, K, Mcneill, D, Panico, Salvatore, Egnew, Rc, Ray, Cg, and Whitehouse, D.
- Published
- 1996
3. Rapid laboratory diagnosis of infections
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Friedman Ad and Ray Cg
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Counterimmunoelectrophoresis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chromatography, Gas ,Time Factors ,Clinical Laboratory Techniques ,business.industry ,Radioimmunoassay ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Bacterial Infections ,Infectious Diseases ,Mycoses ,Virus Diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Humans ,Medicine ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Latex Fixation Tests - Published
- 1982
4. Neonatal Type 2 Herpes simplex Encephalitis in an Identical Twin
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Ray Cg, Fischer Gw, and Kenyon Cf
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Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Infant, Newborn ,Herpes Simplex ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Infant, Newborn, Diseases ,Virus ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunology ,Diseases in Twins ,medicine ,Encephalitis ,Humans ,Simplexvirus ,Identical twins - Abstract
A case of type 2 neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis is presented. The mechanism of infection is discussed in view of the fact that the firstborn identical twin was unaffected. Longer exposure to the virus during delivery is proposed as an explanation for the involvement of only the secondborn twin.
- Published
- 1976
5. Biological and biochemical properties of a human uveal melanocyte-derived cell line
- Author
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Saxe Df, Ray Cg, Frank L. Meyskens, Pacelli Lz, Berglund Eb, Fuller Bb, and Hall Jd
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Male ,Plating efficiency ,Cell division ,Adolescent ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Tyrosinase ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Melanocyte ,Cell Line ,medicine ,Ultraviolet light ,Doubling time ,Humans ,Uvea ,Genetics ,Melanins ,Monophenol Monooxygenase ,Molecular biology ,Hormones ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell culture ,Karyotyping ,Viruses ,Melanocytes ,Cell Division ,Biotechnology - Abstract
A human uveal melanocyte-derived cell line (U1I) is described. The cell line has a doubling time of 27.2 hr, a plating efficiency on plastic surfaces of 10%, and a cloning efficiency in soft agar of < 0.1%. U1I displays marked chromosomal aneuploidy and sensitivity to ultraviolet light. Biochemical studies indicate the presence of tyrosinase, which is stimulated by several compounds, including theophylline, progesterone, and nerve growth factor.
- Published
- 1980
6. Coxsackie virus group B infections and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome
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Ray Cg and Austin Tw
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Male ,Anemia, Hemolytic ,Adolescent ,Coxsackievirus Infections ,Antibodies, Viral ,Group B ,Virus ,Late summer ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Coxsackie Viruses ,Enterovirus ,Uremia ,business.industry ,Rectum ,Infant ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Coxsackieviruses B ,Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome ,Pharynx ,Female ,Seasons ,business - Abstract
A review of the records of 21 children with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome seen between 1967 and 1972 revealed a tendency for cases to occur predominantly during the late summer months. Nineteen of these children were studied serologically for evidence of associated infection with coxsackie B viruses, and such evidence was found in 15 (79%) of these patients. Coxsackie B viruses were isolated concomitantly from two of the patients.
- Published
- 1973
7. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Antibody to HBsAg
- Author
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Eben Alexander, Dietzman De, Ray Cg, James P. Harnisch, and King K. Holmes
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Hepatitis B virus ,Hepatitis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,HBsAg ,business.industry ,Prevalence ,General Medicine ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Internal medicine ,Heterosexuality ,Epidemiology ,Immunology ,medicine ,Urethritis ,business - Abstract
The prevalence rates of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HB s Ag) and antibody to HB s Ag (anti-HB s ) were 5.6% and 34% in 144 homosexual men in Seattle. Prevalence rates were only 0.9% and 3.6% in 111 heterosexual male venereal disease clinic patients with nongonococcal urethritis, and also 0.9% and 3.6% in 111 healthy men undergoing routine physical examinations. Thus, previous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) was estimated to be 8.8 times greater for homosexual men than for heterosexual men. Four of four HB s Ag positive sera from homosexual men were subtyped as "ad," whereas subtype "ay" is preponderant in intravenous drug abusers. Future public health measures to control HBV infection should address the prevention of sexually transmitted HBV infection among homosexual men. ( JAMA 238:2625-2626, 1977)
- Published
- 1977
8. The Thucydides syndrome
- Author
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Ray Cg and Langmuir Ad
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Toxic shock syndrome ,General Medicine ,Disease ,Plague (disease) ,Scarlatiniform rash ,Staphylococcal infections ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Dermatology ,Disease control ,Surgery ,Superinfection ,Rapid onset ,medicine ,business - Abstract
To the Editor.— Two articles and an editorial in the Feb 27 issue ofThe Journal 1-3 establish the existence of toxic shock syndrome as a complication of influenza. They also, at least partially, verify the hypothesis that epidemic influenza accompanied by superinfection with noninvasive, toxigenic strains of staphylococci was the explanation for the plague of Athens of 430 to 427 BC. We have proposed the term Thucydides syndrome for this disease. 4 Certain clinical differences exist between the modern cases thus far described and those that occurred in ancient Attica. We believe that these differences can be readily explained in a manner wholly consonant with the known clinical manifestations produced by various staphylococcal exotoxins. The recent cases follow closely the rather rigid diagnostic criteria first described by Todd et al 5 and codified by the Centers for Disease Control. These include the rapid onset of hypotension, scarlatiniform rash followed
- Published
- 1987
9. Old game, new rules.
- Author
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Gauthier P, Ray CG, and Alexandrei K
- Subjects
- Consumer Advocacy, Employee Retirement Income Security Act, Health Care Reform, Health Services Accessibility legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Mental Disorders therapy, United States, Insurance Coverage legislation & jurisprudence, Insurance, Health legislation & jurisprudence, Mental Health Services economics
- Published
- 2010
10. Community provider services: growing demand, fewer resources.
- Author
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Ray CG
- Subjects
- Behavioral Medicine, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Mental Disorders classification, Mental Disorders therapy, United States epidemiology, Workforce, Community Mental Health Services statistics & numerical data, Health Care Rationing, Health Services Needs and Demand trends, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Social Work, Psychiatric statistics & numerical data
- Published
- 2003
11. Don't run roughshod over behavioral healthcare. Trauma-related needs can't be ignored as they were in past tragedies.
- Author
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Ray CG
- Subjects
- Aircraft, Community Mental Health Services economics, Counseling economics, Financing, Government, Humans, New York City, United States, Community Mental Health Services organization & administration, Health Services Needs and Demand, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic therapy, Terrorism psychology
- Published
- 2001
12. Dialogue. Industry consolidation: what's at stake for consumers and purchasers?
- Author
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Greenberg W, Allen J, Wider JJ Jr, and Ray CG
- Subjects
- Decision Making, Organizational, Economic Competition, Efficiency, Organizational, Managed Care Programs economics, Managed Care Programs organization & administration, Mental Health Services economics, Mental Health Services standards, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Quality of Health Care, Risk Management, United States, Consumer Advocacy, Mental Health Services organization & administration, Organizational Affiliation
- Abstract
The behavioral healthcare field has undergone massive consolidation, especially in the last year. Health plans, hospital systems, and community-based organizations have all been affected. Economists argue that consolidation is a logical consequence of the current, competitive healthcare market. But consumers and purchasers wonder if the mergers and acquisitions will benefit them. Efficient markets are supposed to stimulate competition in ways that reward purchasers and consumers of services. When prices go down and quality improves as a result of competitive market forces, then the market has functioned properly and has served its purpose. Behavioral healthcare, however, is an essential human service, not a commodity. And the consumers and purchasers of healthcare are typically not the same person or entity, which also makes the healthcare market different from the markets for cars, computers, food, or any other type of consumer product. More than 100 million Americans now receive managed behavioral health benefits from only three companies. With such intense power concentrated in the hands of such a small number of providers, the time has come to evaluate the impact of the consolidation trend. In the following dialogue article, leaders, representing different interest groups review the benefits and risks of massive industry consolidation, and propose solutions to the critical challenges that it raises.
- Published
- 1998
13. Infectious mononucleosis.
- Author
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Peter J and Ray CG
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- Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Herpesviridae Infections epidemiology, Herpesviridae Infections therapy, Humans, Incidence, Infectious Mononucleosis epidemiology, Infectious Mononucleosis therapy, Male, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Tumor Virus Infections epidemiology, Tumor Virus Infections therapy, United States epidemiology, Herpesviridae Infections diagnosis, Herpesvirus 4, Human isolation & purification, Infectious Mononucleosis diagnosis, Tumor Virus Infections diagnosis
- Abstract
EBV-induced IM is a generally self-limited infection characterized by fever, pharyngitis, and adenopathy. Management consists of basic supportive measures and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis when present. Corticosteroids may be considered for individuals who exhibit evidence of significant upper airway obstruction. To date there is little evidence to support the use of antiviral agents in immunocompetent patients. Complications of IM may arise, which can be life-threatening, but these are relatively rare.
- Published
- 1998
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14. Dialogue. Value and values: can we provide value and respect professional and community values?
- Author
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Chavez N, Dixon K, McNeill D, Panico S, Egnew RC, Ray CG, and Whitehouse D
- Subjects
- Cost Control, Economic Competition, Humans, Managed Care Programs organization & administration, Mental Health Services organization & administration, Mental Health Services standards, Social Values, United States, Managed Care Programs economics, Mental Health Services economics, Quality of Health Care
- Published
- 1996
15. "Stand-up" urologic endoscopy.
- Author
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McRoberts JW, Gill IS, Ray CG, and Wood DP
- Subjects
- Endoscopes, Endoscopy statistics & numerical data, Humans, Kentucky, Male, Prostatectomy methods, Surveys and Questionnaires, Endoscopy methods, Posture, Urogenital System
- Abstract
Objectives: To report the advantages of performing diagnostic and therapeutic urologic endoscopic procedures with the urologic surgeon in the standing-up position., Methods: Our 25-year institutional experience with more than 10,000 cases of transurethral ablation of the prostate and other urologic endoscopic procedures, performed by the urologist in the standing-up position, was examined. A questionnaire of all 55 of our former urology residents was carried out to determine current practice trends., Results: We have noted no drawbacks from performing transurethral surgery in the standing-up position. Ninety-two percent of the respondents believe that the standing-up position was more comfortable for endoscopic surgery than the sitting-down position., Conclusions: the standing-up technique of transurethral surgery minimizes positional stresses on the urologist's cervical and thoracic spine while optimizing endoscopic visualization and maneuverability. We recommend it in preference to the conventional sitting-down technique.
- Published
- 1996
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16. Factors influencing detection of quantitative cytomegalovirus antigenemia.
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Boeckh M, Woogerd PM, Stevens-Ayers T, Ray CG, and Bowden RA
- Subjects
- Acetone, Cytomegalovirus Infections microbiology, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Fixatives, Formaldehyde, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Viremia microbiology, Virology methods, Virology statistics & numerical data, Antigens, Viral blood, Cytomegalovirus immunology, Cytomegalovirus isolation & purification, Cytomegalovirus Infections diagnosis, Viremia diagnosis
- Abstract
Of 20 blood specimens testing positive for cytomegalovirus antigen after immediate processing, 19 (95%) remained positive when kept at room temperature for 24 h before processing. Quantitative antigenemia decreased by an average of 44% after storage. Compared with acetone fixation, formaldehyde fixation showed improved readability, fewer artifacts, and a higher degree of sensitivity.
- Published
- 1994
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17. Respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory illnesses: possible influence of other agents. The Group Health Medical Associates.
- Author
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Ray CG, Minnich LL, Holberg CJ, Shehab ZM, Wright AL, Barton LL, and Taussig LM
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Tract Infections diagnosis, Respirovirus Infections complications, Respirovirus Infections diagnosis, Serologic Tests, Virus Diseases diagnosis, Virus Diseases microbiology, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses, Respiratory Tract Infections microbiology, Respirovirus Infections microbiology
- Abstract
Acute lower respiratory illnesses were prospectively investigated in a cohort of 1246 healthy infants who were enrolled at birth in the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study and followed through the first 3 years of life. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was documented by culture, antigen detection or both in 276 episodes. In 21 (7.6%) of these 276, other viruses were simultaneously detected. Further serologic studies of 50 episodes in which RSV had been found increased the apparent viral codetection rate to 24%. When culture results for Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were also considered, the rate of codetection was found to be 10.9% (30 of 276); this increased to 28% for the subgroup of episodes (14 of 50) that was further studied serologically. Illnesses associated with more than one agent were not significantly different from those involving RSV alone, with respect to month of onset, age at illness, illness type or duration of illness. We conclude that when RSV has been detected in previously healthy infants, routine searches for the concomitant presence of other viruses are usually not warranted.
- Published
- 1993
18. Acute lower respiratory illnesses during the first three years of life: potential roles for various etiologic agents. The Group Health Medical Associates.
- Author
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Ray CG, Holberg CJ, Minnich LL, Shehab ZM, Wright AL, and Taussig LM
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Adenoviridae, Child, Preschool, Cytomegalovirus, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Humans, Infant, Male, Orthomyxoviridae, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses, Respiratory Tract Infections diagnosis, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Respirovirus, Serologic Tests, Virus Diseases diagnosis, Virus Diseases epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections microbiology, Virus Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
Lower respiratory tract illnesses (LRIs) occurring during the first 3 years of life among children enrolled in the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study have been studied for evidence of viral, mycoplasmal and Chlamydia trachomatis infections. This report examines those from whom adequate acute and convalescent sera were available at the time of the LRI. Two groups were compared: those in whom culture and/or antigen detection yielded an etiologic agent (N = 110); and those who did not (culture negative, N = 124). Seroconversions (> or = 4-fold titer rise) to respiratory syncytial virus; influenza virus types A and B; parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3; or adenovirus were found in only 0 to 5% of the culture negative group. No significant differences between groups with regard to frequencies of seroconversion to influenza type C, parainfluenza virus type 4, human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 or cytomegalovirus were detected, which suggests that these agents may not be frequent primary causes of LRIs among otherwise healthy children. Significant differences in seroconversions to Epstein-Barr virus were detected, suggesting that Epstein-Barr virus may contribute to LRI morbidity; however, its exact role remains to be defined.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
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19. Effects of a melanotropic peptide on melanoma cell growth, metastasis, and invasion.
- Author
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Gehlsen KR, Hadley ME, Levine N, Ray CG, and Hendrix MJ
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- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cell Division drug effects, Female, Humans, Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones analogs & derivatives, Melanoma pathology, Mice, Mice, Inbred DBA, Molecular Sequence Data, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Metastasis, Tumor Cells, Cultured pathology, alpha-MSH pharmacology, Tumor Cells, Cultured drug effects, alpha-MSH analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH, alpha-melanotropin),Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Ly-Pro-Va l-NH2, regulates melanogenesis within epidermal melanocytes of many animals. An MSH analogue ([Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-MSH) that exhibits superpotency and prolonged biological activity has been synthesized, biologically characterized, and is presently in clinical trials to determine its possible clinical use in tanning of the skin. It also has potential for the diagnosis, localization, and chemotherapy of melanoma. The effects of this analogue on the growth, metastatic behavior, and invasive potential of a melanotic variant of Cloudman S-91 murine melanoma are reported here. In an intracutaneous murine model of melanoma cell tumor growth, the analogue did not increase primary tumor growth (size) after the period of administration of the peptide hormone analogue and did not affect spontaneous lung metastases. Survival times for the control and melanotropin-treated groups were similar, suggesting that overall tumor burden was not affected by treatment with the hormone analogue. Last, melanoma cell invasion through a human amniotic basement membrane in vitro was not enhanced compared to untreated cells.
- Published
- 1992
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20. The predictive relationship between serum IgE levels at birth and subsequent incidences of lower respiratory illnesses and eczema in infants.
- Author
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Halonen M, Stern D, Taussig LM, Wright A, Ray CG, and Martinez FD
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- Arizona epidemiology, Dermatitis, Atopic immunology, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Sounds immunology, Respiratory Tract Infections immunology, Dermatitis, Atopic epidemiology, Fetal Blood immunology, Immunoglobulin E blood, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Cord serum IgE levels are predictive of subsequent atopic diseases early in life. Lower respiratory illnesses (LRI) have often been included with atopic diseases in infancy but have not been examined as a separate entity for a relation to cord IgE levels. Among 767 healthy newborns in Tucson, Arizona studied longitudinally, cord serum IgE levels were directly related to the subsequent incidence of eczema. In contrast, the incidence of LRI not only failed to show a direct relationship to IgE levels but actually decreased with increasing cord IgE levels from 34.8% in the lowest cord IgE group to 22.2% in the highest IgE group (greater than 1.0 IU/ml IgE; p for trend chi-square less than 0.03). Limiting LRI to those with wheeze did not alter the inverse relationship with IgE levels. The inverse LRI-IgE relationship was strong for non-RSV LRI, whereas RSV LRI had neither a direct nor an inverse relationship. These inverse LRI-IgE relationships were significant for LRI occurring in infants before but not after 6 months of age. Maternal (but not paternal) allergic history was associated with higher cord IgE levels and with an increased incidence of LRI, the latter effect being independent of IgE. This study suggests that most LRI in the first year of life are not early manifestations of an allergic predisposition.
- Published
- 1992
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21. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology reflects airway inflammation in beagle puppies with acute bronchiolitis.
- Author
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Dambro NN, Grad R, Witten ML, Quan SF, Sobonya RE, Ray CG, Devine L, and Lemen RJ
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Animals, Bordetella Infections complications, Bronchiolitis complications, Cell Count, Dogs, Leukocytes pathology, Macrophages pathology, Paramyxoviridae Infections complications, Severity of Illness Index, Bordetella Infections pathology, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bronchiolitis pathology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human, Paramyxoviridae Infections pathology
- Abstract
Beagle puppies infected with both canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (CPI2) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) develop more severe acute bronchiolitis and airways hyperresponsiveness than do those infected with CPI2 or Bb alone. The aim of our study was to characterize the inflammatory response associated with airway hyperresponsiveness, and to determine whether the inflammatory cell response of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) reflected changes in the bronchioles in this model. We investigated 25 beagle puppies (ages 76 +/- 5 days, mean +/- SEM) in four groups: controls (n = 6), or puppies inoculated with both CPI2 and Bb (CPI2-Bb) (n = 11), with only CPI2 (n = 4), or only Bb (n = 4). The puppies were killed 3-4 days after inoculation, the lungs excised, the intermediate lobe lavaged, and BALF and the bronchiolar wall tissue examined for neutrophils and other inflammatory cells. Control puppies had no evidence of inflammation. However, the CPI2-Bb puppies had developed cough and rhinitis, positive cultures for CPI2 and Bb, and a neutrophilic cellular response in both the bronchioles and the BALF. Puppies inoculated with only CPI2 or Bb had milder illnesses and no significant bronchiolar and BALF neutrophilic response. For all groups, the severity of bronchiolar wall inflammation correlated with the total number of BALF inflammatory cells, and bronchiolar wall neutrophil counts correlated with the percentage of neutrophils in the BALF. The illness and the airway hyperresponsiveness observed in the CPI2-Bb group were associated with airway neutrophilia. Our studies support the hypothesis that neutrophils are associated with airway dysfunction in this model, and the use of BALF to study the process.
- Published
- 1992
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22. Expression of type IV collagenase correlates with the invasion of human lymphoblastoid cell lines and pathogenesis in SCID mice.
- Author
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Hendrix MJ, Seftor EA, Grogan TM, Seftor RE, Hersh EM, Boyse EA, Liotta LA, Stetler-Stevenson W, and Ray CG
- Subjects
- Animals, Burkitt Lymphoma pathology, Cell Line, Cell Movement, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Mice, Mice, SCID, Herpesvirus 4, Human pathogenicity, Lymphocytes pathology, Microbial Collagenase biosynthesis, Neoplasm Metastasis pathology
- Abstract
An in vitro model, called the Membrane Invasion Culture System (MICS), was used to study the invasive potential of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL), an EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell line of American origin and an EBV-positive BL of African origin. MICS measured the ability of these cell lines to invade reconstituted basement membrane-coated filters, which correlated with their tumorigenic and metastatic capabilities in a SCID mouse model. Furthermore, the significantly greater invasive behaviour of the EBV-positive LCL was directly correlated with the cells' ability to express and secrete human type IV collagenase (72 kDa), an important metalloproteinase responsible for the degradation of collagen IV in basement membranes. The data suggest that MICS and the SCID mouse are useful tests of tumorigenicity in lymphoid cells, with measurable effects in both systems related to human type IV collagenase activity. Both models allow further exploration of malignant phenotypes associated with EBV transformation of lymphoid tissues.
- Published
- 1992
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23. Use of immunofluorescence to identify measles virus infections.
- Author
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Minnich LL, Goodenough F, and Ray CG
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antigens, Viral isolation & purification, Antigens, Viral urine, Child, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Measles immunology, Measles microbiology, Measles virus immunology, Measles virus isolation & purification, Nasopharynx microbiology, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Measles diagnosis, Virology methods
- Abstract
Monoclonal antibody to measles virus was used successfully to identify measles virus antigen directly in clinical specimens, as well as in cell cultures. Pooled nasopharyngeal-throat swab specimens had a higher yield than throat swabs or urine samples for virus detection. Use of A549 cell cultures in the spin amplification vial assay proved to be highly efficient, allowing virus recognition within 1 to 2 days of inoculation. A combination of appropriately collected specimens, which includes a nasopharyngeal-throat swab, direct antigen detection with monoclonal antibody to measles in an indirect immunofluorescence system, and the spin amplification vial assay using A549 cells provides a sensitive and rapid system for isolation and/or identification of measles virus infections.
- Published
- 1991
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24. Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory illnesses in the first year of life.
- Author
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Holberg CJ, Wright AL, Martinez FD, Ray CG, Taussig LM, and Lebowitz MD
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Viral analysis, Breast Feeding, Bronchiolitis microbiology, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses immunology, Respirovirus Infections microbiology, Risk Factors, Bronchiolitis epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses isolation & purification, Respirovirus Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
The relation of breast feeding and other factors to the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract illness (RSV-LRI) in the first year of life is examined. The study population is 1,179 healthy infants enrolled at birth between May 1980 and January 1984 into the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study, Tucson, Arizona. Each subject's data were assessed at each month of age during the first year of life, during those months when respiratory syncytial virus was isolated. A number of significant relations were observed, particularly between 1 and 3 months of age. At this age, the risk of having a RSV-LRI increased in association with less than 1-month or no breast feeding, with being male, and with increasing numbers of others sharing the child's bedroom. In multivariate analysis, only sex and the number of others sharing the room remained as significant direct effects. However, a significant interaction demonstrated that breast feeding has a protective role in relation to RSV-LRIs for those infants of mothers with a lower education level. The risk of having a RSV-LRI increases with combinations of risk factors. Being in day care was a significant risk factor in the 7- to 9-month age range. The RSV-LRI rate also varies by birth month. A separate case-control study assessed relations of RSV-LRIs with cord serum RSV antibody. Those with lower cord serum RSV antibody, who also have minimal breast feeding, were found to be especially at risk for RSV-LRIs in the first 5 months of life.
- Published
- 1991
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25. Changes in lung mechanics and histamine responsiveness after sequential canine adenovirus 2 and canine parainfluenza 2 virus infection in beagle puppies.
- Author
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Quan SF, Witten ML, Grad R, Ray CG, and Lemen RJ
- Subjects
- Adenoviridae Infections complications, Airway Resistance drug effects, Animals, Bronchiolitis, Viral complications, Dogs, Female, Lung Compliance drug effects, Male, Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human, Paramyxoviridae Infections complications, Pneumonia, Viral complications, Adenoviridae Infections physiopathology, Airway Resistance physiology, Bronchiolitis, Viral physiopathology, Disease Models, Animal, Histamine pharmacology, Lung Compliance physiology, Paramyxoviridae Infections physiopathology, Pneumonia, Viral physiopathology
- Abstract
We determined the effects of an immediately antecedent viral lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) on the severity of clinical illness, changes in lung function and airway histamine responsiveness produced by a subsequent LRI in 9-12 week old beagle puppies inoculated with canine adenovirus 2, followed in 2 weeks by inoculation with canine parainfluenza 2 virus (CAV2-CP12, n = 7). We compared their acute responses to puppies infected with CP12 alone (n = 5), CAV2 alone (n = 7), and no infection (control, n = 6). Puppies inoculated with either virus alone developed a LRI 3 to 6 days after inoculation which resolved by 12-14 days after inoculation. However, the illness was more severe in the CAV2 group. In the CAV2-CP12 group, CP12 infection following CAV2 infection resulted in a clinical illness nearly comparable to that observed with CAV2 alone. Whereas in control and CP12 puppies, lung resistance (RL) decreased and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) increased during the study due to normal growth, RL increased and Cdyn remained unchanged in the CAV2 group. In contrast, RL did not change and Cdyn increased in the CAV2-CP12 group. Airway histamine responsiveness in the CAV2-CP12 group increased during infection with CP12 and was similar to that observed with CAV2 alone. In contrast, infection with CP12 alone produced a small, but non-significant increase in histamine responsiveness. The duration of the increase in histamine responsiveness was not prolonged in the CAV2-CP12 group in comparison to CP12 or CAV2 alone. However, the length of clinical illness was extended in the CAV2-CP12 group in comparison to the other infected groups. These data suggest that an immediately antecedent viral LRI can potentiate the clinical and physiologic effects of a subsequent viral LRI.
- Published
- 1991
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26. Changes in lung mechanics and reactivity with age after viral bronchiolitis in beagle puppies.
- Author
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Quan SF, Lemen RJ, Witten ML, Sherrill DL, Grad R, Sobonya RE, and Ray CG
- Subjects
- Adenoviridae Infections pathology, Animals, Bronchiolitis, Viral pathology, Dogs, Female, Lung pathology, Lung physiology, Male, Paramyxoviridae Infections pathology, Respiratory Function Tests, Adenoviridae Infections physiopathology, Bronchiolitis, Viral physiopathology, Lung physiopathology, Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human, Paramyxoviridae Infections physiopathology
- Abstract
We measured changes with growth in lung function and airway reactivity after acute canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (CPI2, n = 5), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2, n = 7), and sequential CAV2-CPI2 (n = 6) infections or no infection (controls, n = 6) in beagle puppies (age approximately 79 days). In the CPI2 and CAV2 groups, a lower respiratory illness developed by day 3 postinfection with clinical recovery by day 14. In the CAV2-CPI2 group, puppies were inoculated initially with CAV2 and 12 days later with CPI2. In this group, illness persisted until day 14 after infection with CPI2. Lung resistance (RL), dynamic (Cdyn) and static (Cst) lung compliance, functional residual capacity (FRC), and responsiveness to aerosolized histamine were measured before infection and at periodic intervals until 239 +/- 43 days of age. Lung function data were analyzed using a longitudinal random effects model. In all groups, FRC, Cst, and Cdyn increased with age. In all infected groups, the regression slopes for Cdyn were steeper than in controls. RL decreased linearly with age without group slope differences. Histamine reactivity increased with age, but there were no differences in slope among groups. Lung pathological studies showed areas of obliterative bronchiolitis and chronic small airways inflammation particularly in the CAV2 and CAV2-CPI2 groups. Thus, viral bronchiolitis produces chronic small airways inflammation in beagle puppies and alters the changes in lung function occurring with growth. Histamine reactivity increases with age and is not modified by viral infection.
- Published
- 1990
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27. Localization of inflammation and virions in canine adenovirus type 2 bronchiolitis.
- Author
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Grad R, Sobonya RE, Witten ML, Quan SF, Ray CG, Devine LC, Lentz LA, and Lemen RJ
- Subjects
- Adenoviridae immunology, Adenoviridae isolation & purification, Adenoviridae Infections microbiology, Adenoviridae Infections physiopathology, Animals, Antigens, Viral analysis, Bronchi microbiology, Bronchi ultrastructure, Bronchiolitis, Viral microbiology, Bronchiolitis, Viral physiopathology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology, Dogs, Epithelium microbiology, Lung ultrastructure, Lung Compliance, Macrophages microbiology, Adenoviridae Infections pathology, Bronchiolitis, Viral pathology, Virion isolation & purification
- Abstract
Beagle puppies develop bronchiolar inflammation and histamine hyperresponsiveness with canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2) infections. We determined the distribution of bronchiolar lesions and correlated inflammation with virions and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology. Nineteen beagle puppies were inoculated with tissue culture fluid (control puppies, n = 8), or CAV2 (CAV2, n = 11). The puppies had clinical assessments and measurements of lung resistance (RL), and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) immediately before inoculation (Day zero) and 3 days later (Day 3). The puppies were killed on Day 3, the lungs were removed, and the right intermediate lobe was lavaged. The BALF was assessed for total and differential cell counts. Bronchiolar inflammation was quantitated by bronchiolar inflammation scores (BIS). CAV2 was localized by immunofluorescent antibody staining and electron microscopy. The control puppies remained healthy. The CAV2 puppies had positive cultures for CAV2, respiratory symptoms, and generalized necrotizing bronchiolitis. Alveolar inflammation was quantitatively less prominent than bronchiolar inflammation, and RL and Cdyn were unchanged. The BALF neutrophilia correlated with the BIS. CAV2 was present within bronchiolar epithelium, alveolar epithelial type 2 cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. CAV2 was not found in airways smooth muscles or nerves, nor in any noninflamed tissues of CAV2 puppies or in control animals. Our data suggest that acute CAV2 in beagle puppies produces an inflammation of most bronchioles. Intracellular CAV2 was found in bronchiolar epithelium, macrophages, neutrophils, and alveolar epithelial type 2 cells. Bronchiolar inflammation was reflected in BALF cytology. We conclude that bronchiolar inflammation as indicated by BIS and BALF cytology is related temporarily to histamine hyperresponsiveness in our beagle puppies.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Hemodialysis clearance of intravenously administered ribavirin.
- Author
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Kramer TH, Gaar GG, Ray CG, Minnich L, Copeland JG, and Connor JD
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Heart, Artificial, Humans, Influenza A virus, Influenza, Human drug therapy, Injections, Intravenous, Ribavirin administration & dosage, Ribavirin blood, Renal Dialysis, Ribavirin pharmacokinetics, Ribonucleosides pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
A patient with an implanted artificial heart, acute, anuric renal failure, and disseminated influenza virus type A infection received intravenous ribavirin. Drug elimination by hemodialysis was measured. Plasma dialysis clearance averaged 93.9 +/- 8.6 ml/min. The maximum amount of ribavirin removed from the body during one period of hemodialysis was 79.1 mg. Ribavirin is not removed in important quantities by hemodialysis.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Acute canine adenovirus 2 infection increases histamine airway reactivity in beagle puppies.
- Author
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Quan SF, Witten ML, Grad R, Sobonya RE, Ray CG, Dambro NN, and Lemen RJ
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Aerosols, Airway Resistance drug effects, Airway Resistance physiology, Animals, Dogs, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Lung physiopathology, Lung Compliance drug effects, Lung Compliance physiology, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Time Factors, Adenoviridae Infections physiopathology, Histamine pharmacology, Lung drug effects
- Abstract
Acute infection with canine adenovirus was studied in 23 specific pathogen-free outbred beagle puppies (median age = 78 days, range = 67 to 86 days) to determine its effects on pulmonary function and airway responsiveness to aerosolized histamine. The following groups were studied: uninoculated (n = 6, Control); inoculated with canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2) (n = 11, Infected); and subclinical spontaneous infection with CAV2 (n = 6, Subclinical). While anesthetized with chloralose and mechanically ventilated, lung function and responsiveness to aerosolized histamine were measured 3 days before inoculation (Day -3), the day of inoculation (Day 0), and 3 to 4 (Day 3-4), 6 (Day 6), 8 to 10 (Day 8-10), and 12 to 14 (Day 12-14) days after inoculation. Histamine responsiveness was assessed by calculating the provocation concentration of histamine diphosphate to increase lung resistance (RL) to 150% (PC 150% RL), or decrease dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) to 75% (PC 75% Cdyn) of the response to saline [RL(sal) and Cdyn(sal), respectively]. Arterial blood gases, functional residual capacity (FRC), specific static lung compliance (spCst), RL, Cdyn, and histamine responsiveness were not significantly different on Day 0 among the groups (p greater than 0.05). Control and Subclinical puppies remained healthy, had a mean weight gain of 0.7 kg, and did not change their histamine responsiveness during the study period. Infected puppies developed moderate to severe clinical illnesses, had poor weight gain, and were histamine hyperresponsive on Days 3-4 and 6. One infected puppy died on Day 3-4, and two died on Day 6 of their illness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Canine parainfluenza type 2 bronchiolitis increases histamine responsiveness in beagle puppies.
- Author
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Lemen RJ, Quan SF, Witten ML, Sobonya RE, Ray CG, and Grad R
- Subjects
- Airway Resistance drug effects, Animals, Bordetella Infections complications, Bordetella Infections pathology, Bordetella Infections physiopathology, Bronchiolitis pathology, Bronchiolitis physiopathology, Bronchiolitis, Viral complications, Bronchiolitis, Viral pathology, Dogs, Female, Functional Residual Capacity drug effects, Lung drug effects, Lung pathology, Lung Compliance drug effects, Male, Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human, Paramyxoviridae Infections complications, Paramyxoviridae Infections pathology, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Bronchiolitis, Viral physiopathology, Histamine pharmacology, Lung physiopathology, Paramyxoviridae Infections physiopathology
- Abstract
Histamine hyperresponsiveness with viral bronchiolitis may depend on previous exposures to viruses or to other pathogens. We studied 32 outbred beagle puppies 80 to 155 days of age who were raised in isolation and who were specific pathogen-free. Puppies were inoculated with canine parainfluenza type 2 (CPI2, n = 8), Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb, n = 7), or both CPI2 and Bb (CPI2-Bb, n = 9). Control puppies (C, n = 8) were not inoculated. The puppies were anesthetized with sodium thiopental (5 mg/kg) and chloralose (80 mg/kg) and were ventilated mechanically. Lung resistance (RL), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), functional residual capacity (FRC), and responsiveness to aerosolized histamine were measured 3 days prior to inoculation (Day -3), on the day of inoculation (Day 0), and on Days 3-4, 6, 8-10, and 12-14 after inoculation. Histamine responsiveness was measured as: (1) the concentration of histamine base that increased RL to 150% (PC 150% RL) or decreased Cdyn to 75% (PC 75% Cdyn) of the response to saline (RL sal and Cdyn sal, respectively), and (2) the change in RL or Cdyn after inhalation of 11 mg/ml of histamine when compared with RL sal and Cdyn sal. On Day 0 there were no significant (p greater than 0.05) differences among groups with regard to age-corrected weights, FRC, RL, Cdyn, or histamine responsiveness. Control puppies remained healthy, and their pulmonary function and histamine responsiveness did not change. CPI2-Bb puppies increased RL and decreased FRC on Day 3-4, and were moderately ill and histamine-hyperresponsive on Day 3-4 and on Day 6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Pneumonia due to chlamydia trachomatis in an immunocompromised adult.
- Author
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Ito JI Jr, Comess KA, Alexander ER, Harrison HR, Ray CG, Kiviat J, and Sobonya RE
- Subjects
- Adult, Chlamydia Infections immunology, Chlamydia Infections pathology, Chlamydia trachomatis, Cytomegalovirus Infections complications, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute complications, Lung pathology, Male, Pneumonia immunology, Pneumonia pathology, Chlamydia Infections etiology, Pneumonia etiology
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Coxsackie B virus antibody responses in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus.
- Author
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Ray CG, Palmer JP, Crossley JR, and Williams RH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G biosynthesis, Immunoglobulin M biosynthesis, Male, Staphylococcal Protein A immunology, Antibodies, Viral biosynthesis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 immunology, Enterovirus B, Human immunology
- Abstract
A prospective serological study of patients with recently diagnosed juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus was carried out to determine neutralizing antibody responses to Coxsackie B viruses. The sera were tested with and without staphylococcal protein A absorption, to selectively ascertain whether specific IgM or IgG antibody predominated. Of eleven patients studied, ten had reciprocal antibody titres of sixteen or greater to at least one serotype. Three patients showed no reduction in titre in at least one serum sample after protein A absorption, suggesting a predominant IgM-specific primary response to a recent infection by a Coxsackie B virus. The findings support the possibility that at least some cases of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus are closely related to Coxsackie B virus infections.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Thucydides syndrome. A new hypothesis for the cause of the plague of Athens.
- Author
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Langmuir AD, Worthen TD, Solomon J, Ray CG, and Petersen E
- Subjects
- Greece, Ancient, Humans, Influenza, Human history, Staphylococcal Infections history, Disease Outbreaks history, History, Ancient, Plague history
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Pleomorphic, enveloped, virus-like particles associated with gastrointestinal illness in neonates.
- Author
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Vaucher YE, Ray CG, Minnich LL, Payne CM, Beck D, and Lowe P
- Subjects
- Coronaviridae Infections microbiology, Coronaviridae Infections transmission, Feces microbiology, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases microbiology, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Pregnancy, Coronaviridae ultrastructure, Coronaviridae Infections complications, Gastrointestinal Diseases complications, Infant, Newborn, Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
Pleomorphic, enveloped, virus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the stools of symptomatic infants during an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in a neonatal intensive-care unit. To determine the incidence of virus-like particles in the stool and their relation to gastrointestinal symptoms, eight surveys of stools for the particles were conducted over 40 weeks. The incidence of virus-like particles in the stool decreased from 69% to less than 10% over the study period. Most infants surveyed were premature; overall, 32 (36%) of 88 neonates were positive for virus-like particles. Statistically significant associations were found between virus-like particles in the stool and gastrointestinal symptoms within one week of each survey. These symptoms included water-loss stools, blood in the stool, gastric retention, bilious gastric aspirates, and abdominal distention. Several infants with virus-like particles whose mothers had gastrointestinal or "flu-like" symptoms before delivery were identified in the community (not part of the survey study).
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Opportunistic infection and interstitial pneumonia following marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia and hematologic malignancy.
- Author
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Neiman PE, Thomas ED, Reeves WC, Ray CG, Sale G, Lerner KG, Buckner CD, Clift RA, Storb R, Weiden PL, and Fefer A
- Subjects
- Cytomegalovirus pathogenicity, Cytomegalovirus Infections immunology, Humans, Pneumocystis pathogenicity, Pulmonary Fibrosis immunology, Time Factors, Transplantation, Homologous, Anemia, Aplastic therapy, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cytomegalovirus Infections complications, Leukemia, Lymphoid therapy, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute therapy, Lymphoma therapy, Pulmonary Fibrosis complications
- Published
- 1976
36. Rubella vaccine in postpubertal women. Experience in Western Washington State.
- Author
-
Fox JP, Rainey HS, Hall CE, Ray CG, and Patterson MJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Contraceptives, Oral administration & dosage, Female, Fever etiology, Follow-Up Studies, Headache etiology, Humans, Joint Diseases etiology, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Menstruation, Risk, Time Factors, Washington, Pregnancy, Rubella Vaccine adverse effects
- Abstract
Nearly two thousand nonimmune, postpubertal females given rubella vaccine in western Washington state in 1970 to 1974 were followed up for acute reactions, inadvertent pregnancy onset, and (776 women) seroresponse. Low-level prevaccination immunity appears to explain most of the apparent vaccine failure (11.6%). The 27 vaccine-complicated pregnancies identified resulted in 17 apparently normal infants (nine from nonimmune mothers). The remaining ten were terminated by abortion (four in nonimmune women), but no abortus yielded rubella virus. Frequency of post-vaccination complaints (largely joint-related) varied with age (higher in those over 25 years), with vaccine (higher after HPV-77-DE-5 than after Cendehill strain virus), with stage of menstrual cycle when vaccine was given, and with method of contraception.
- Published
- 1976
37. Fatal infections with echovirus types 6 and 11 in early infancy.
- Author
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Krous HF, Dietzman D, and Ray CG
- Subjects
- Cerebellum pathology, Child, Preschool, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation complications, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Liver pathology, Liver Diseases complications, Male, Meninges pathology, Meningitis, Viral pathology, Necrosis pathology, Echovirus Infections complications, Echovirus Infections pathology, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Meningitis, Viral etiology
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Goggles: an adjunct to hospital infection control?
- Author
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Ray CG
- Subjects
- Eye Protective Devices, Humans, Cross Infection prevention & control, Protective Devices
- Published
- 1986
39. Mental aging and organicity in an alcoholic population.
- Author
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Williams JD, Ray CG, and Overall JE
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Wechsler Scales, Aging, Alcoholism diagnosis, Brain Damage, Chronic diagnosis, Intelligence Tests
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. An eight-year study of the viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans: ultrastructural observations and seasonal distribution with a major emphasis on coronavirus-like particles.
- Author
-
Payne CM, Ray CG, Borduin V, Minnich LL, and Lebowitz MD
- Subjects
- Adenoviruses, Human ultrastructure, Caliciviridae ultrastructure, Coronaviridae Infections epidemiology, Humans, Mamastrovirus ultrastructure, Microscopy, Electron, Norwalk virus ultrastructure, Parvoviridae ultrastructure, Picornaviridae ultrastructure, Rotavirus ultrastructure, Seasons, Virus Diseases epidemiology, Coronaviridae ultrastructure, Coronaviridae Infections microbiology, Feces microbiology, Gastroenteritis microbiology, Virus Diseases microbiology, Viruses ultrastructure
- Abstract
During an 8-yr period, 862 stool specimens from patients with gastroenteritis were examined by electron microscopy after negative staining with 2% phosphotungstic acid (pH 6.5). Forty-one percent of the specimens submitted over an 8-yr period were determined to be positive for virus or viruslike particles belonging to one or more of seven morphologically distinct viral groups. Coronavirus-like particles (CVLPs) were present in 69.8% of the positive stool specimens. Membranous profiles containing "complement-type" holes (10 nm in diameter) were identified in some preparations containing CVLPs. The second most prevalent viral agent found in stool specimens was the rotavirus (17% of all positive stools). The incidence of other viruses identified in the survey were as follows: adenovirus 4.5%, picorna/parvovirus agents 2.9%, Norwalk-like agent 2.9%, astrovirus 1.9%, and calicivirus 0.5%. Unclassified small round viruses (approximately 25-30 nm in diameter) represented 0.5%. It was also determined that there was a seasonal distribution in excretion of all viruses except for CVLPs. A greater number of viruses were identified in the cooler, drier months of the year.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Variable susceptibility of mice to group B coxsackievirus infections.
- Author
-
Minnich LL and Ray CG
- Subjects
- Animals, Coxsackievirus Infections immunology, Encephalitis microbiology, Enterovirus B, Human classification, Enterovirus B, Human immunology, Hepatitis microbiology, Mice genetics, Mice, Inbred BALB C immunology, Mice, Inbred C3H immunology, Myocarditis microbiology, Pancreatitis microbiology, Serotyping, Coxsackievirus Infections microbiology, Mice immunology
- Abstract
Laboratory strains of group B coxsackievirus serotypes 1 to 6 were inoculated intraperitoneally into newborn mice of differing genetic backgrouns. Of the four genetic strains investigated, C3H mice appeared to be resistant to all six serotypes, whereas BALB/c mice were most susceptible. Swiss mice and a random-bred Swiss strain (COH) were intermediate in susceptibility. The findings underscore the fact that clinical isolation attempts and experimental studies involving group B coxsackieviruses must take into account both the virus strain used and the genetic background of the host. For clinical isolation of these viruses, the BALB/c mouse may be the most suitable of th strains tested.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Coronaviruslike particles in human gastrointestinal disease. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory observations.
- Author
-
Mortensen ML, Ray CG, Payne CM, Friedman AD, Minnich LL, and Rousseau C
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Coronaviridae Infections immunology, Coronaviridae Infections pathology, Diarrhea immunology, Diarrhea microbiology, Diarrhea pathology, Feces microbiology, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases immunology, Gastrointestinal Diseases pathology, Humans, Immunologic Techniques, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Coronaviridae Infections complications, Gastrointestinal Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
Coronaviruslike particles (CVLPs) were visualized by direct electron microscopy (EM) of diarrheal stools in 49 of 126 infants and children between 1 month and 12 years of age during a three-year observation period. The clinical and epidemiologic features of these patients were analyzed and compared with patients with diarrhea who were shedding rotaviruses, or whose stools were negative for enteric viruses by EM. Seasonal and age distributions for CVLP shedding were similar to those for rotaviruses (in most cases less than 1 year of age; peak months were September through January), as were the symptoms and median durations of illness. Prospective studies of three subsequent patients suggest that the duration of shedding in acute illness is five to at least 25 days. Multiple attempts to cultivate the CVLPs were unsuccessful. In addition, partial purification of CVLPs from stool specimens was performed, and immunologic analysis by immunoelectron microscopy and radial immunodiffusion showed no antigenic relatedness to prototype human (OC43 and 229E) or animal (bovine and canine) coronaviruses. These findings suggest that CVLPs may be an important cause of acute gastrointestinal illness in infancy, and may represent a virus antigenically unrelated to known human and animal coronaviruses.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Atypical neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection.
- Author
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Unger A, Tapia L, Minnich LL, and Ray CG
- Subjects
- Erythema etiology, Female, Fever etiology, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses, Thrombocytopenia etiology, Infant, Newborn, Diseases diagnosis, Respirovirus Infections diagnosis
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Near-fatal coagulopathy associated with Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis.
- Author
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Tappero JW, Ray CG, Petersen EA, and Corrigan J Jr
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Factor VIII therapeutic use, Fibrinogen therapeutic use, Hemorrhage etiology, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Humans, Liver Function Tests, Male, Afibrinogenemia etiology, Hepatitis, Viral, Human complications, Infectious Mononucleosis complications
- Published
- 1986
45. Application of pooled monoclonal antibodies for 1-hr detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen in clinical specimens.
- Author
-
Minnich LL, Shehab ZM, and Ray CG
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Viral immunology, Child, Preschool, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Infant, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antigens, Viral analysis, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses immunology, Respirovirus Infections diagnosis
- Abstract
A fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated pool of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was prospectively evaluated for its utility as a direct, 1-hr test for the diagnosis of RSV infection. Direct nasopharyngeal swab smears collected from 109 infants and children with acute respiratory illnesses were studied and compared with results obtained by indirect immunofluorescence using bovine polyclonal anti-RSV antibody on eluted cells derived from pooled nasopharyngeal and throat swab specimens (a 2.5-3 hr procedure), and culture. The MoAb-direct smear method was at least 86%-89% sensitive and 95%-100% specific compared with either of the other procedures. Additional prospective evaluations, as well as retrospective studies on a selected bank of slides stored from the preceding year, established that this MoAb could also be used with confidence in testing where direct smears are not employed.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Comparison of direct and indirect immunofluorescence staining of clinical specimens for detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen.
- Author
-
Minnich LL and Ray CG
- Subjects
- Epithelium microbiology, Microbiological Techniques, Nasopharynx microbiology, Antigens, Viral analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses immunology
- Abstract
Immunofluorescence staining methods for respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection were compared. Of 50 specimens originally positive for respiratory syncytial virus by direct immunofluorescence and culture, 49 were positive by repeat direct immunofluorescence and 32 were positive by indirect immunofluorescence. Additional results obtained on specimens originally negative for respiratory syncytial virus by direct immunofluorescence, culture, or both indicate that direct immunofluorescence staining for respiratory syncytial virus antigen was more sensitive than was indirect immunofluorescence.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Varicella-zoster antibody titers in children with leukemia and lymphoma. Relationship of titer to varicella-zoster infection.
- Author
-
Hutter JJ Jr, Minnich LL, and Ray CG
- Subjects
- Chickenpox immunology, Child, Child, Preschool, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Herpes Zoster immunology, Humans, Immunization, Passive, Infant, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Chickenpox complications, Herpes Zoster complications, Herpesvirus 3, Human immunology, Leukemia immunology, Lymphoma immunology
- Abstract
Serum varicella-zoster (VZ) antibody titers were determined by a simple, indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique in 50 children with leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sixteen children had initial antibody titers that were not detectable at a serum dilution of 1:8 and were considered to be susceptible to varicella. Thirty-one patients had initial serum VZ antibody titers of 1:16 or greater, while three had levels of 1:8. The serum antibody titer was 1:8 or greater in 16 children with a history of varicella. Seven episodes of localized herpes zoster were observed in children whose VZ titer was 1:8 or greater prior to onset. Two nonfatal infections with primary varicella developed in children with leukemia in remission whose initial titers were less than 1:8 and were associated with a convalescent rise in VZ antibody to levels greater than 1:16. Three susceptible children received zoster immune plasma or zoster immune globulin for varicella exposure, causing a transient rise in serum VZ titer. The assessment of serum VZ titer by this immunofluorescent antibody technique combined with the prior varicella history is useful in defining the population of children with leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who are susceptible to primary varicella.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Perinatal mumps infection.
- Author
-
Jones JF, Ray CG, and Fulginiti VA
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Viral isolation & purification, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mumps microbiology, Mumps transmission, Mumps virus isolation & purification, Pneumonia etiology, Pregnancy, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Mumps congenital, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious transmission
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Efficiency of immunofluorescence for rapid detection of common respiratory viruses.
- Author
-
Ray CG and Minnich LL
- Subjects
- Adenoviruses, Human immunology, Adenoviruses, Human isolation & purification, Antigens, Viral analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Influenza A virus immunology, Influenza A virus isolation & purification, Influenza B virus immunology, Influenza B virus isolation & purification, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses immunology, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses isolation & purification, Respirovirus immunology, Respirovirus isolation & purification, Adenoviridae Infections diagnosis, Adenovirus Infections, Human diagnosis, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Respiratory Tract Infections diagnosis, Respirovirus Infections diagnosis
- Abstract
Rapid immunofluorescence (FA) methods for the detection of common respiratory viruses were compared with culture results over a 3-year period to assess the relative efficiency of FA in a clinical laboratory setting. For respiratory syncytial virus, efficiencies were high (sensitivity, 90 to 95%; specificity, 92 to 95%). The sensitivity of FA for detection of parainfluenza virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 3, influenza A virus, and adenoviruses ranged from 28 to 63%, but specificities for these viruses were uniformly 98 to 100%. The observations form a basis for consideration of selective reduction of routine culture procedures for specimens with initial positive rapid FA results; however, the possibility of dual viral infection in some situations must also be considered.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Cervical esophageal duplication cyst: MR imaging.
- Author
-
Rhee RS, Ray CG 3rd, Kravetz MH, Langer B, Harris V, Grewe GM, and Spigos DG
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Infant, Neck, Cysts diagnosis, Esophageal Diseases diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in the evaluation of a cervical esophageal duplication cyst in a 9-month-old infant. The value of MR in the assessment of the origin of this cystic lesion as well as the nature of its contents is discussed.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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