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Background: Assisted reproductive technologies have been adopted widely in India with fewer incidences of complications. However, various increased risks including gestational diabetes, hypertension, and prematurity have been seen. Aim: The present clinical study was aimed at analyzing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies and associated risk factors and major complications associated with IVF pregnancies. Methods: In 310 females undergoing IVF, the techniques, associated risk factors, and IVF-related complications were studied. The data gathered were analyzed statistically and results were formulated. Results: The study results showed that higher chances of twin pregnancy were associated with embryo transfer using 2 embryos. No significant association was seen in several pregnancies and gestational diabetes or gestational hypertension with p<0.05. The study results showed no significant association between gestational age gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension with p>0.05. Also, no significant correlation was seen in the gestational age and etiology of infertility with p=0.66. Among 68 preterm infants, 18 subjects reported ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). Conclusion: Considering its limitations, the present study concludes that embryo numbers are correlated with multiple pregnancies. In older females, gestational hypertension is commonly seen, whereas, twin pregnancies are more common in younger females undergoing in-vitro fertilization pregnancies. A higher incidence of premature deliveries is seen in IVF pregnancies with no difference in the age of the females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preterm birth has been a common concern with increasing incidence globally and is a continuous challenge for Obstetricians. Preterm birth is seen to be complicating nearly 8-10% of the birth rate. The etiology of preterm birth is still unknown and the associated burden is quite high. Aim: To assess the safety and efficacy of Nitroglycerine used transdermally as a tocolytic agent in females with preterm labor. Methods: The present prospective clinical study assessed 200 females having preterm labor. These 200 females were divided into two groups with 100 subjects each which were randomly divided into bed rest alone or the Nitroglycerine patch group. The study was done for 6 months period. Results: Pregnancy was prolonged by <48 hours in 6% (n=6) subjects, by 48-72 hours in 8% (n=8) subjects, 73-96 hours in 22% (n=22) subjects, and by ≥7 days in 56% (n=56) study subjects. Tocolysis induced in 100 Group I subject was successful in 94% (n=94) subjects and was unsuccessful in 6% (n=6) study subjects. The resuscitation needs and Apgar scores of <7 at 5 minutes were significantly lesser in Group I with p=0.02 for both. The number of Low-birth-weight subjects with a weight of =1.8 kg and 1.9-2.1 kg was significantly lesser in group I with 10 and 14 subjects compared to Group II subjects where it was 16 and 34 subjects. Conclusion: The present study concludes that Nitroglycerine used transdermally in females with preterm labor has equal efficacy as other commonly used tocolytic agents. Nitroglycerine is a drug of choice for the acute relaxation of the uterus in subjects with preterm labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]