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1. The Herschel Multi-Tiered Extragalactic Survey: source extraction and cross-identifications in confusion-dominated SPIRE images

Author

Roseboom, IG, Oliver, SJ, Kunz, M, Altieri, B, Amblard, A, Arumugam, V, Auld, R, Aussel, H, Babbedge, T, Bethermin, M, Blain, A, Bock, J, Boselli, A, Brisbin, D, Buat, V, Burgarella, D, Castro-Rodriguez, N, Cava, A, Chanial, P, Chapin, E, Clements, DL, Conley, A, Conversi, L, Cooray, A, Dowell, CD, Dwek, E, Dye, S, Eales, S, Elbaz, D, Farrah, D, Fox, M, Franceschini, A, Gear, W, Glenn, J, Solares, EAG, Griffin, M, Halpern, M, Harwit, M, Hatziminaoglou, E, Huang, J, Ibar, E, Isaak, K, Ivison, RJ, Lagache, G, Levenson, L, Lu, N, Madden, S, Maffei, B, Mainetti, G, Marchetti, L, Marsden, G, Mortier, AMJ, Nguyen, HT, O'Halloran, B, Omont, A, Page, MJ, Panuzzo, P, Papageorgiou, A, Patel, H, Pearson, CP, Perez-Fournon, I, Pohlen, M, Rawlings, JI, Raymond, G, Rigopoulou, D, Rizzo, D, Rowan-Robinson, M, Sanchez Portal, M, Schulz, B, Scott, D, Seymour, N, Shupe, DL, Smith, AJ, Stevens, JA, Symeonidis, M, Trichas, M, Tugwell, KE, Vaccari, M, Valtchanov, I, Vieira, JD, Vigroux, L, Wang, L, Ward, R, Wright, G, Xu, CK, Zemcov, M, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the cross-identification and source photometry techniques used to process Herschel SPIRE imaging taken as part of the Herschel Multi-Tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES). Cross-identifications are performed in map-space so as to minimise source blending effects. We make use of a combination of linear inversion and model selection techniques to produce reliable cross-identification catalogues based on Spitzer MIPS 24 micron source positions. Testing on simulations and real Herschel observations show that this approach gives robust results for even the faintest sources S250~10 mJy. We apply our new technique to HerMES SPIRE observations taken as part of the science demostration phase of Herschel. For our real SPIRE observations we show that, for bright unconfused sources, our flux density estimates are in good agreement with those produced via more traditional point source detection methods (SussExtractor; Savage & Oliver et al. 2006) by Smith et al. 2010. When compared to the measured number density of sources in the SPIRE bands, we show that our method allows the recovery of a larger fraction of faint sources than these traditional methods. However this completeness is heavily dependant on the relative depth of the existing 24 micron catalogues and SPIRE imaging. Using our deepest multi-wavelength dataset in GOODS-N, we estimate that the use of shallow 24 micron in our other fields introduces an incompleteness at faint levels of between 20-40 per cent at 250 micron., Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 19 pages, 11 figures

Published
2017
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2. The Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey: HerMES

Author

Oliver, SJ, Bock, J, Altieri, B, Amblard, A, Arumugam, V, Aussel, H, Babbedge, T, Beelen, A, Béthermin, M, Blain, A, Boselli, A, Bridge, C, Brisbin, D, Buat, V, Burgarella, D, Castro-Rodríguez, N, Cava, A, Chanial, P, Cirasuolo, M, Clements, DL, Conley, A, Conversi, L, Cooray, A, Dowell, CD, Dubois, EN, Dwek, E, Dye, S, Eales, S, Elbaz, D, Farrah, D, Feltre, A, Ferrero, P, Fiolet, N, Fox, M, Franceschini, A, Gear, W, Giovannoli, E, Glenn, J, Gong, Y, González Solares, EA, Griffin, M, Halpern, M, Harwit, M, Hatziminaoglou, E, Heinis, S, Hurley, P, Hwang, HS, Hyde, A, Ibar, E, Ilbert, O, Isaak, K, Ivison, RJ, Lagache, G, Le Floc'h, E, Levenson, L, Faro, BL, Lu, N, Madden, S, Maffei, B, Magdis, G, Mainetti, G, Marchetti, L, Marsden, G, Marshall, J, Mortier, AMJ, Nguyen, HT, O'Halloran, B, Omont, A, Page, MJ, Panuzzo, P, Papageorgiou, A, Patel, H, Pearson, CP, Pérez-Fournon, I, Pohlen, M, Rawlings, JI, Raymond, G, Rigopoulou, D, Riguccini, L, Rizzo, D, Rodighiero, G, Roseboom, IG, and Rowan-Robinson, M

Subjects
Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) is a legacy programme designed to map a set of nested fields totalling ~380deg 2. Fields range in size from 0.01 to ~20deg 2, using the Herschel-Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) (at 250, 350 and 500μm) and the Herschel-Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) (at 100 and 160μm), with an additional wider component of 270deg 2 with SPIRE alone. These bands cover the peak of the redshifted thermal spectral energy distribution from interstellar dust and thus capture the reprocessed optical and ultraviolet radiation from star formation that has been absorbed by dust, and are critical for forming a complete multiwavelength understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. The survey will detect of the order of 100000 galaxies at 5σ in some of the best-studied fields in the sky. Additionally, HerMES is closely coordinated with the PACS Evolutionary Probe survey. Making maximum use of the full spectrum of ancillary data, from radio to X-ray wavelengths, it is designed to facilitate redshift determination, rapidly identify unusual objects and understand the relationships between thermal emission from dust and other processes. Scientific questions HerMES will be used to answer include the total infrared emission of galaxies, the evolution of the luminosity function, the clustering properties of dusty galaxies and the properties of populations of galaxies which lie below the confusion limit through lensing and statistical techniques. This paper defines the survey observations and data products, outlines the primary scientific goals of the HerMES team, and reviews some of the early results. © 2012 The Authors. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS.

Published
2012

3. First results from HerMES on the evolution of the submillimetre luminosity function

Author

Simon Dye, Bruno Altieri, V. Buat, Walter Kieran Gear, Antonio Cava, Rob Ivison, S. C. Madden, Jamie Stevens, C. D. Dowell, N. Castro-Rodriguez, Tom Babbedge, Asantha Cooray, Angela M. J. Mortier, A. Boselli, Robbie Richard Auld, D. Elbaz, G. E. Morrison, Robyn L. Ward, Andrew Blain, Nick Seymour, Gwenifer Raymond, K. Xu, Michael Pohlen, Duncan Farrah, L. Vigroux, Frazer N. Owen, Dimitra Rigopoulou, Isaac Roseboom, Lucia Marchetti, I. Perez-Fournon, Maurilio Pannella, Michael Rowan-Robinson, E. Dwek, David L. Shupe, G. Mainetti, Luca Conversi, D. Rizzo, Matthew Joseph Griffin, K. E. Tugwell, H. Aussel, V. Arumugam, Stephen Anthony Eales, Chris Pearson, A. Conley, Lingyu Wang, M. Trichas, M. Sanchez Portal, Douglas Scott, M. J. Page, Alberto Franceschini, Evanthia Hatziminaoglou, Denis Burgarella, M. Fox, Edo Ibar, Bruno Maffei, A. Amblard, Mattia Vaccari, V. Strazzullo, Michael Zemcov, P. Chanial, J. J. Bock, L. R. Levenson, Hien Nguyen, Nanyao Y. Lu, M. Symeonidis, Benjamin L. Schulz, David L. Clements, Drew Brisbin, Jason Glenn, Gillian S. Wright, Andreas Papageorgiou, C. J. Lonsdale, J.-S. Huang, P. Panuzzo, Seb Oliver, A. Omont, B. O'Halloran, I. Valtchanov, Martin Harwit, A. J. Smith, E. A. González Solares, Jonathan Rawlings, K. G. Isaak, Guilaine Lagache, Eales, Sa, Raymond, G, Roseboom, Ig, Altieri, B, Amblard, A, Arumugam, V, Auld, R, Aussel, H, Babbedge, T, Blain, A, Bock, J, Boselli, A, Brisbin, D, Buat, V, Burgarella, D, Castro-Rodriguez, N, Cava, A, Chanial, P, Clements, Dl, Conley, A, Conversi, L, Cooray, A, Dowell, Cd, Dwek, E, Dye, S, Elbaz, D, Farrah, D, Fox, M, Franceschini, A, Gear, W, Glenn, J, Solares, Eag, Griffin, M, Harwit, M, Hatziminaoglou, E, Huang, J, Ibar, E, Isaak, K, Ivison, Rj, Lagache, G, Levenson, L, Lonsdale, Cj, Lu, N, Madden, S, Maffei, B, Mainetti, G, Marchetti, L, Morrison, Ge, Mortier, Amj, Nguyen, Ht, O'Halloran, B, Oliver, Sj, Omont, A, Owen, Fn, Page, Mj, Pannella, M, Panuzzo, P, Papageorgiou, A, Pearson, Cp, Perez-Fournon, I, Pohlen, M, Rawlings, Ji, Rigopoulou, D, Rizzo, D, Rowan-Robinson, M, Portal, M, Schulz, B, Scott, D, Seymour, N, Shupe, Dl, Smith, Aj, Stevens, Ja, Strazzullo, V, Symeonidis, M, Trichas, M, Tugwell, Ke, Vaccari, M, Valtchanov, I, Vigroux, L, Wang, L, Ward, R, Wright, G, Xu, Ck, Zemcov, M, Observatoire Astronomique de Marseille Provence (OAMP), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation (CFHT), National Research Council of Canada (NRC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, submillimeter: galaxies, Spiral galaxy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Significant part, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Redshift, Spire, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: high-redshift, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], galaxies: formation, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, galaxies: evoluton, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Luminosity function (astronomy), QB, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We have carried out two extremely deep surveys with SPIRE, one of the two cameras on Herschel, at 250 microns, close to the peak of the far-infrared background. We have used the results to investigate the evolution of the rest-frame 250-micron luminosity function out to z=2. We find evidence for strong evolution out to a redshift of around 1 but evidence for at most weak evolution beyond this redshift. Our results suggest that a significant part of the stars and metals in the Universe today were formed at z, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Herschel Special Issue, in press as a Letter; 5 pages

Published
2016
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4. The suppression of star formation by powerful active galactic nuclei.

Author

Page MJ, Symeonidis M, Vieira JD, Altieri B, Amblard A, Arumugam V, Aussel H, Babbedge T, Blain A, Bock J, Boselli A, Buat V, Castro-Rodríguez N, Cava A, Chanial P, Clements DL, Conley A, Conversi L, Cooray A, Dowell CD, Dubois EN, Dunlop JS, Dwek E, Dye S, Eales S, Elbaz D, Farrah D, Fox M, Franceschini A, Gear W, Glenn J, Griffin M, Halpern M, Hatziminaoglou E, Ibar E, Isaak K, Ivison RJ, Lagache G, Levenson L, Lu N, Madden S, Maffei B, Mainetti G, Marchetti L, Nguyen HT, O'Halloran B, Oliver SJ, Omont A, Panuzzo P, Papageorgiou A, Pearson CP, Pérez-Fournon I, Pohlen M, Rawlings JI, Rigopoulou D, Riguccini L, Rizzo D, Rodighiero G, Roseboom IG, Rowan-Robinson M, Sánchez Portal M, Schulz B, Scott D, Seymour N, Shupe DL, Smith AJ, Stevens JA, Trichas M, Tugwell KE, Vaccari M, Valtchanov I, Viero M, Vigroux L, Wang L, Ward R, Wright G, Xu CK, and Zemcov M

Abstract

The old, red stars that constitute the bulges of galaxies, and the massive black holes at their centres, are the relics of a period in cosmic history when galaxies formed stars at remarkable rates and active galactic nuclei (AGN) shone brightly as a result of accretion onto black holes. It is widely suspected, but unproved, that the tight correlation between the mass of the black hole and the mass of the stellar bulge results from the AGN quenching the surrounding star formation as it approaches its peak luminosity. X-rays trace emission from AGN unambiguously, whereas powerful star-forming galaxies are usually dust-obscured and are brightest at infrared and submillimetre wavelengths. Here we report submillimetre and X-ray observations that show that rapid star formation was common in the host galaxies of AGN when the Universe was 2-6 billion years old, but that the most vigorous star formation is not observed around black holes above an X-ray luminosity of 10(44) ergs per second. This suppression of star formation in the host galaxy of a powerful AGN is a key prediction of models in which the AGN drives an outflow, expelling the interstellar medium of its host and transforming the galaxy's properties in a brief period of cosmic time.

Published
2012
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