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A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of kharif 2020 and 2021 at Agronomy Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya (U.P.) to evaluate the effect of nitrogen level on growth, yield attributes and yield of different hybrid varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design which comprised of 4 levels of nitrogen viz., 0 % RDN, 50 % RDN, 75 % RDN and 100 % RDN and 4 varieties viz., Arize-6444 Gold, Ankur-7576, 27P31 and Shahi-Dawat. Experiment was replicated three times. Results revealed significantly higher growth parameters, yield attributes and yield at 100% of RDN (150 kg N ha-1) which is at par with 75 % RDN (112 kg N ha-1) and significantly superior over 0 % RDN and 50 % RDN (75kg N ha-1) were increased at all stages except days taken to 50% flowering. The growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were increased significantly with Ankur-7576 variety except for length of the panicle (cm) and test weight (g). Ankur-7576 gave a good response in low level of nitrogenous fertilizer and showed good efficiency in utilization of available and applied nitrogen to the crop and is best suitable for obtaining higher yield of hybrid rice.

International audience; AbstractThis paper is concerned with numerical modeling for nondestructive imaging of defects in solids via standing waves excited by a periodic sinewave signal. The stationary solution, purely sinusoidal in an intact sample, contains higher harmonics when damage is present. These harmonics are generated by contact acoustic nonlinearity and form their own standing waves whose intensity maximum usually indicates the position of damage, in a way similar to resonant vibrometry experiments. The key point of the developed numerical tool that describes those wave phenomena is a model of planar damage (crack, delamination) considered here as an inner contact with rough surfaces and friction. The corresponding boundary conditions are given by the previously developed contact model based on the Method of Memory Diagrams (MMD) capable of automating the account for hysteretic frictional effects. Combination of the MMD for boundary conditions and a finite element formulation for waves in a volume (MMD-FEM model) provides a complete description which represents a numerical code applied here for nonlinear standing waves simulations. We present a number of examples obtained for idealized 2D geometry and reveal conditions in which both position and extent of damage are clearly seen as well as cases where only partial detection is possible.

Computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous procedures like the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are reliable techniques for diagnosing various thoracic diseases. These modalities are used for diagnosis in suspicious lung, pleural, mediastinal and vertebral and pulmonary lesions.The aim. We conducted a study in a Pulmonary Medicine Department of tertiary care hospital to study the efficacy and safety of CT guided FNCA/FNAB in thoracic diseases.Methods. A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center with Information and Ethics committee permission within a total duration of two years. The study included patients presenting with following: 1) mediastinal mass lesions, 2) pulmonary solitary pulmonary nodules/masses, 3) pulmonary cavity, cyst and consolidation of undiagnosed etiology, 4) pleural mass, nodules, loculated collections, 5) extra-pulmonary and spinal tuberculosis suspects with pre/paravertebral abscess. Procedure details, radiological images and pathological and microbiological reports were retrieved from case record book of patients available in department.Results. Study population consisted of 108 patients. Neoplastic diseases were 85 (78.70%) and Non- neoplastic diseases 23 (21.29%). In neoplastic diseases 78.82% patients had lung Cancer of which 85.07% non small cell carcinoma and 14.92% small cell lung cancer. Out of non small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma of lung was the commonest. The most common non neoplastic diseases was tuberculosis. CT guided biopsy procedure was performed without any complications in 61.11%. The most common complication was pneumothorax (27.77%). The yield of CT guided biopsy was 98.14%.Conclusion. Percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy is an effective, highly accurate, and safe method of obtaining tissue for the diagnosis of indeterminate pulmonary lesions especially in neoplastic diseases and tuberculosis.

Sex and gender matter to health outcomes, but despite repeated commitments to sex-disaggregate data in health policies and programmes, a persistent and substantial absence of such data remains especially in lower-income countries. This represents a missed opportunity for monitoring and identifying gender-responsive, evidence-informed solutions to address a key driver of the pandemic. In this paper we review the availability of national sex-disaggregated surveillance data on COVID-19 and examine trends on the testing-to-outcome pathway. We further analyse the availability of data according to the economic status of the country and investigate the determinants of sex differences, including the national gender inequality status (according to a global index) in each country. Results are drawn from 18 months of global data collection from over 200 countries. We find differences in COVID-19 prevention behaviours and illness outcomes by sex, with lower uptake of vaccination and testing plus an elevated risk of severe disease and death among men. Supporting and maintaining the collection, collation, interpretation and presentation of sex-disaggregated data requires commitment and resources at subnational, national and global levels, but provides an opportunity for identifying and taking gender-responsive action on health inequities. As a first step the global health community should recognise, value and support the importance of sex-disaggregated data for identifying and tackling an inequitable pandemic.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. BC develops due to dysregulation of transcriptional profiles, substantial interpatient variations, genetic mutations, and dysregulation of signaling pathways in breast cells. These events are regulated by many genes such as BRCA1/2, PTEN, TP53, mTOR, TERT, AKT, PI3K and others genes. Treatment options for BC remain a hurdle, which warrants a comprehensive understanding that establishes an interlinking connection between these genes in BC tumorigenesis. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for alternative treatment approaches and the design of more effective treatments. In this regard, it is crucial to build the corresponding transcriptional regulatory networks governing BC by using advanced genetic tools and techniques. In the past, several molecular editing technologies have been used to edit genes with several limitations. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR Associated Protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) recently received wise attention due to its potential in biomedical and therapeutic applications. Here, we review the role of various molecular signalling pathways dysregulated in BC development such as PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR as well as BRCA1/BRCA2/TP53/TERT and their interplay between the related gene networks in BC initiation, progression and development of resistance against available targeted therapeutic agents. Use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to generate BC gene-specific transgenic cell lines and animal models to decipher their role and interactions with other gene products has been employed successfully. Moreover, the significance of using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to develop early BC diagnostic tools and treatments is discussed here.

Discussion of a special themed issue introduced by Lancet Editors Jocalyn Clark and Liz Zuccala, with contributions from #LancetWomen advisory group members Ravi Verma (International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India), and Imogen Coe (Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada).

Men’s perpetration of violence against their female partners is widely recognized as a serious social problem. Yet research on intimate partner violence (IPV) has been primarily focused on women’s exposure and not on men’s perpetration. This paper fills this gap and explores the intensity of and the factors associated with men’s perpetration of violence against their intimate partners. In 2013, a cross-sectional survey with multistage sampling approach was conducted in seven states of India, including 9,135 men. The study adapted the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) tool. This paper analyses data from 6,081 currently married men included in the survey. Multinomial and logistic regression were applied to determine factors associated with the intensity of physical violence perpetration in the men’s lifetime and perpetration in the past 12 months, respectively. Over one-third of the men reported ever perpetrating physical violence (15% often and 19% moderately), and almost half of them (48%) had perpetrated physical violence in the past 12 months. Education, substance abuse, and experience of violence (including bullying) during childhood stand out as the most important factors associated with violence perpetration among men.

India is currently one of the most demographically diverse regions of the world. Fertility and mortality rates are known to show considerable variation at the level of regions, states and districts. Little is known however, about the spatial variations of the contraceptive usage—a critical variable that is relevant to fertility as well as health policy. This paper uses data from four national population-based household surveys conducted between 1998 and 2016 to explore district-level variations in the contraceptive prevalence rate. We find no clear evidence of convergence. The gap between the best and worst performing districts is more than 70 percent across the four rounds and does not diminish over time. We also find considerable evidence of spatial clustering across districts. Districts with high prevalence concentrate in Southern states and more recently, in the Northeast of the country. Our analysis suggests that female literacy and health care infrastructure are important correlates of spatial clusters. This suggests that investments in women’s human capital and health-care infrastructure play a role in expanding women’s opportunities to time their births.

Nanomaterials are materials with cross-sectional dimensions varying from one to hundreds of nanometers and lengths ranging from hundreds of nanometers to millimeters. Nanomaterials either occur naturally or can be produced purposefully by performing a specialized function. Until recently, most nanomaterials have been made from carbon (carbon nanotubes), transition metals, and metal oxides such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. In a few cases, nanoparticles may exist in the form of nanocrystals comprising a number of compounds, including but not limited to silicon and metals. The discovery of nanomaterials has played a vital role in the emerging field of research and technology. Recently, a large amount of research efforts has been dedicated to developing nanomaterials and their applications, ranging from space to electronics applications. In this chapter, we describe the role of nanoparticles in electronics and energy storage applications, with examples including chips, displays, enhanced batteries, and thermoelectric, gas sensing, lead-free soldering, humidity sensing, and super capacitor devices. The chapter also attempts to provide an exhaustive description of the developed advanced nanomaterials and different conventional and advanced techniques adopted by researchers to synthesize the nanoparticles via bottom-up techniques (pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel, and biosynthesis) and top-bottom approaches (mechanical milling, nanolithography, laser ablation, and thermal decomposition).

The world witnessed the emergence of a deadly virus in December 2019, later named COVID-19. The virus was found to be highly contagious, and so people across the world were highly prone to be affected by the virus. Being a virus-borne disease, developing a vaccine was one of the most promising remedies. Thus, research organizations across the globe started working on developing the vaccine. However, it was later found by many researchers that a large number of people were hesitant to receive the vaccine. This paper aims to study the acceptance and hesitancy levels of people in India and compares them with the acceptance and hesitancy levels of people from the UK, the USA, and the rest of the world by analyzing their tweets on Twitter. For this study, 2,98,452 tweets were fetched from January 2020 to March 2022 from Twitter, and 1,84,720 tweets from 1,22,960 unique users were selected based on their country of origin. Machine learning based Sentiment analysis is then used to evaluate and analyze the tweets. The paper also proposes an NLP-based algorithm to perform opinion mining on Twitter data. The study found the public sentiment of the Indian population to be 63% positive, 28% neutral, and 9% negative. While the worldwide sentiment distribution is 45% positive, 34% neutral, and 21% negative, the USA has 42% positive, 34% neutral, and 23% negative and the UK has 50% positive, 29% neutral, and 21% negative. Also, sentiment analysis for individual vaccines in Indian context resulted in "Covaxin" with the highest positive sentiment at 43% followed by "Covishield" at 36%. The outcome of this work yields an insight into the public perception of the COVID-19 vaccine and thus can be used to formulate policies for existing and future vaccine campaigns. This study becomes more relevant as it is the consolidated opinion of Indian people, which is versatile in nature.

The depression that has affected millions of patients and their families in the last decade has been one of the most common diseases of mind. However, almost all methods of medicating anxiety depend on series of questions evaluations and professional judgments of depressive symptoms, which are highly reliant on doctors’ experience and time-consuming. The aim of our research is to create an objective and practical method for detecting depression in adolescents using facial characteristics. The majority of teenagers are wholly unaware that they have been depressed. Some teenagers hide their depression from others, whether they are even aware of it. An automated system is needed to select the teenagers who face depression. Various research projects aimed at identifying depression are explored in this article.

In this work, cobalt doped aniline-formaldehyde nanocomposite with average particles size of 32.16 nm were prepared by simple chemical method. The concentrations of such nanocomposites were investigated by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Atomic electron microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction. XRD. The synthesized nanocomposite was formed in cubes and spherical shaped. The roughness and average maximum height of cobalt nanocomposite is 141 nm and 106 nm respectively. The X-RD confirms that the cobalt doped aniline formaldehyde nanocomposite was formed in crystalline in nature.

Ovarian cysts, also known as ovarian masses or adnexal masses are fluid filled sacs or pockets in an ovary or on its surface. These are found incidentally in asymptomatic women. Ovarian cysts are considered large in size when they are over 5 cm and giant when they are over 15 cm. Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical problem encountered during pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with various anatomic and physiologic changes that may disguise and delay the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Antibiotic treatment does not always improve the outcome and emergency intervention is required. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention is mandatory for the eventful outcome of pregnancy. Here we present a case of a primigravida patient with a large ovarian cyst mimicking acute appendicitis. Keywords: Ovarian cyst, Appendicitis, Appendectomy.

The authors discuss the impact of the pandemic on the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents and young people. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) are at low risk from COVID- 19, and hence, it may be assumed that their needs do not warrant immediate attention. However, it is important to understand how the pandemic may have affected their lives. Evidence from previous humanitarian disasters in India and elsewhere suggests that consequences for adolescents and young adults may be significant and multi-dimensional. The authors examine the impact (short- and long-term) of COVID on the sexual and reproductive needs and behaviors of AYA in India, particularly their intimate relationships, sexual violence, access to services, and impact on their mental health.Programs for AYA should be responsive to their needs, feelings, and experiences and should treat them with the respect they deserve, acknowledging their potential to be part of the solution, so that their life conditions improve and the adverse impact of the pandemic is minimized. Programs must also address the needs of vulnerable AYA like migrants, those from the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community, persons with special needs, HIV positive youth, and those who live in poverty. It is important to understand how gender impacts the sexual and reproductive health of AYA, particularly young girls and women, in terms of restriction of mobility, increase dependence on male partners/friends/relatives, gender-based violence, control of sexuality, and the lack of privacy and confidentiality. The responses to these needs by youth-based and youth-serving organizations and the government are summarized. Recommendations are made to address prevailing gaps from a sexual and reproductive health rights and justice perspective.

BACKGROUND: Lumbar interbody fusion is among the most common types of spinal surgery performed. Over time, the term has evolved to encompass a number of different approaches to the intervertebral space, as well as differing implant materials. Questions remain over which approaches and materials are best for achieving fusion and restoring disc height. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We reviewed the literature on the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and devices used to achieve and augment fusion between the disc spaces in the lumbar spine. METHODS: Using search terms specific to lumbar interbody fusion, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar and identified 4993 articles. We excluded those that did not report clinical outcomes, involved cervical interbody devices, were animal studies, or were not in English. After exclusions, 68 articles were included for review. RESULTS: Posterior approaches have advantages, such as providing 360° support through a single incision, but can result in retraction injury and do not always restore lordosis or correct deformity. Anterior approaches allow for the largest implants and good correction of deformities but can result in vascular, urinary, psoas muscle, or lumbar plexus injury and may require a second posterior procedure to supplement fixation. Titanium cages produce improved osteointegration and fusion rates but also increase subsidence caused by the stiffness of titanium relative to bone. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has an elasticity closer to that of bone and shows less subsidence than titanium cages, but as an inert compound PEEK results in lower fusion rates and greater osteolysis. Combination PEEK–titanium coating has not yet achieved better results. Expandable cages were developed to increase disc height and restore lumbar lordosis, but the data on their effectiveness have been inconclusive. Three-dimensionally (3D)-printed cages have shown promise in biomechanical and animal studies at increasing fusion rates and reducing subsidence, but additive manufacturing options are still in their infancy and require more investigation. CONCLUSIONS: All of the approaches to spinal fusion have plusses and minuses that must be considered when determining which to use, and newer-technology implants, such as PEEK with titanium coating, expandable, and 3D-printed cages, have tried to improve upon the limitations of existing grafts but require further study. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11420-019-09737-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: For many years, the sliding hip screw and plate had been the gold standard in treating pertrochanteric fractures. there is always a grey zone of decision of implant to be applied in unstable type A2.2 and A2.3 fractures. This study was designed for the functional outcome of the PFN device in patients with unstable type 2 trochanteric fractures (AO/ASIF classification: 31-A2.2 & 31-A2.3) Material and method: In this prospectively designed study, 30 consecutive patients having Fracture according to AO/ASIF classification 31-A2.2 and 31- A2.3 are included for the study. The functional outcome and clinical results of the patients was evaluated and graded using HARRIS HIP SCORE system. Patients were followed up fortnightly in the first month, then monthly until 6 months or till clinical or radiological union is achieved. Results: The average blood loss in PFN was 88.3ml. Hospital stay after surgery in PFN was average days 4.13. Harris hip score in PFN 22 (73.33%) were good, 06 (20%) were fair and 02 (6.66%). Average time of union in PFN was 13.4 weeks. Conclusion: Functional and radiological status of PFN was much better in unstable type of intertrochanteric fractures. It provides a advantage of lesser blood loss, shorter operating time, faster union, better functional outcome and low infection and complication rate. Keywords: Unstable trochanteric fractures, PFN

Inequitable gender norms can be harmful to girls' and boys' health and sexuality. Programmatic approaches that help renegotiate gendered power relationships are sorely needed. This qualitative study reveals how Parivartan, a sport-based intervention in a Mumbai informal settlement, helped families resist inequitable gender norms that limited girls' mobility in public spaces. Fifteen girl athletes were interviewed in two rounds of face-to-face in-depth interviews. Results identify the strategies girls' mothers used to support their daughters' participation in the programme when they feared their husbands' disapproval. Rather than openly confronting their husbands, mothers worked from within the patriarchal gender order, through its 'cracks', for instance initially hiding their daughters' participation from their husbands. At an appropriate moment, girls' mothers revealed to their husbands about their daughters playing sports, convincing them of the usefulness of the programme. Girls' participation profoundly and positively affected relationships between daughters, mothers and fathers. Over time, parents' trust that girls would not compromise family honour increased, eventually changing the acceptability of girls' playing sport in public in spite of the patriarchal gender order. Concluding remarks offer key implications for effective interventions, highlighting the historical nature of gender transformation processes.

Background: Across societies, gender norms often allow men to hold key decision-making power within relationships, households and communities. This extends to almost all domains, consisting of family planning (FP) as well. FP programmes have largely engaged men as clients and rarely as equal partners or influencers although across lower and middle income countries (LMICs), and especially in South Asia, men hold key decision-making power on the domain of family planning. The objective of this article is to explore couple dynamics through the lens of spousal communication and decision-making and unpacking male engagement and spousal dynamics in family planning.Methods: This review presents a synthesis of evidence from two peer-reviewed databases, PubMed and Jstor, and and insights from programmatic documents to shed light on gender equitable engagement of young married men in family planning. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for both these databases was set and search strategies were finalized. This was followed by title and abstract screening, data extraction, synthesis and analysis.Results: Study participants included unmarried men (16%, n= 8), married men (19%, n= 9), married women (19%, n=9), married couples (25%, n =12) or more than two respondent categories (21%, n= 10). Almost three-fourth (71%, n=34) of the studies selected had FP as the primary area of inquiry. Other prominent thematics on which the studies reported were around norms (n=9, 16%), couple dynamics and intimacies (n=12, 22%).Conclusion: The evidence presented provides sufficient impetus to expand on gender-equitable male engagement, viewing men as equal and supportive partners for informed, equitable and collaborative contraceptive uptake and FP choices by couples.

Background: Across societies, gender norms often allow men to hold key decision-making power within relationships, households and communities. This extends to almost all domains, consisting of family planning (FP) as well. FP programs have largely engaged men as clients and rarely as equal partners or influencers although across lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and especially in South Asia, men hold key decision-making power on the domain of family planning. The objective of this article is to explore couple dynamics through the lens of spousal communication and decision-making and unpack male engagement and spousal dynamics in family planning. Methods: This review presents a synthesis of evidence from two peer-reviewed databases, PubMed and Jstor, and and insights from programmatic documents to shed light on gender equitable engagement of young married men in family planning. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for both these databases was set and search strategies were finalized. This was followed by title and abstract screening, data extraction, synthesis and analysis. Results: Study participants included unmarried men (16%, n=8), married men (19%, n=9), married women (19%, n=9), married couples (25%, n=12) or more than two respondent categories (21%, n=10). Almost three quarters (71%, n=34) of the studies selected had FP as the primary area of inquiry. Other prominent thematics on which the studies reported were around norms (n=9, 16%), couple dynamics and intimacy (n=12, 22%). Conclusions: The evidence presented provides sufficient impetus to expand on gender-equitable male engagement, viewing men as equal and supportive partners for informed, equitable and collaborative contraceptive uptake and FP choices by couples.

Cloud services are most growing technology for future business system and information technology applications, as recent advancement has proofed themselves the power and success of cloud computing network, which offers more advance services to its users on demand, such advancement for storage and computational activities motivate many users to take part into cloud computing services. The nature of cloud services model make real-time services to be processed more effectively for best streamed-based communication services. However, along with this benefits, in addition security issues are consider to be a long term concern for different types of cloud computing service models, the chances of data hijacking, loss of information putting such technology on high risk over cloud service model although many researchers and scientist has invented many algorithm and techniques to get secure and provide trustworthy cloud computing services based on demand to its users. In this paper, we proposed a data encryption technique called crypto system to overcome the weakness of existing attribute-based encryption (ABE) technique; ABE is not cooperative with cloud computing service models and other services of cloud; in this paper, we focus on the weakness of attribute-based encryption (ABE) techniques and propose a integrated crypto system for resolving data sharing and security concerns which brings efficiency, reliability, and security for cloud services model.