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Abstract Background The root of a plant is a fundamental organ for the multisensory perception of the environment. Investigating root growth dynamics as a mean of their interaction with the environment is of key importance for improving knowledge in plant behaviour, plant biology and agriculture. To date, it is difficult to study roots movements from a dynamic perspective given that available technologies for root imaging focus mostly on static characterizations, lacking temporal and three-dimensional (3D) spatial information. This paper describes a new system based on time-lapse for the 3D reconstruction and analysis of roots growing in hydroponics. Results The system is based on infrared stereo-cameras acquiring time-lapse images of the roots for 3D reconstruction. The acquisition protocol guarantees the root growth in complete dark while the upper part of the plant grows in normal light conditions. The system extracts the 3D trajectory of the root tip and a set of descriptive features in both the temporal and frequency domains. The system has been used on Zea mays L. (B73) during the first week of growth and shows good inter-reliability between operators with an Intra Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) > 0.9 for all features extracted. It also showed measurement accuracy with a median difference of

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar amostras de soro e de células sangüíneas de caprinos para detecção de anticorpos e DNA proviral do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina (CAEV), respectivamente. Utilizou-se a técnica de imunodifusão em ágar (AGID) e a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) com "primers" degenerados. Foram analisadas amostras de diferentes procedências: 39 de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), 19 de São Paulo (SP) e 22 do Ceará (CE), dessas últimas, 12 oriundas de animais importados do Canadá. Os resultados de AGID e PCR foram discordantes, pois o primeiro permitiu a detecção de 25 animais soropositivos, enquanto a PCR detectou DNA proviral de CAEV em 16 amostras. Pela PCR foi possível identificar animais infectados cujos testes sorológicos foram negativos pelo AGID: oito amostras do MS e um do CE. São discutidos diferentes aspectos que poderiam estar envolvidos na discordância dos resultados.

Dietary changes expose consumers to risks from Anisakis larvae in seafood, leading to parasitic diseases and allergies. Anisakis is recognized by EFSA as a significant hazard, with potential oncogenic implications. Diagnostic advancements, like the Basophil Activation Test (BAT), enhance sensitivity and accuracy in identifying Anisakis sensitization, complementing traditional IgE tests. We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients with allergic symptoms from April 2021 to April 2023 at two outpatient clinics in western Sicily. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of Anisakis-related allergies and to identify risk profiles using specific Anisakis IgE and the BAT, especially in regions with high raw fish consumption. The study evaluated specific Anisakis IgE as a screening tool for Anisakis sensitization, using questionnaires, blood samples, and immuno-allergology analyses. Anisakis-specific IgE values were compared with the BAT results, with statistical analyses including Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. The results showed an 18.5% seroprevalence of Anisakis IgE, while the BAT as a second-level test showed 4.63%, indicating the BAT’s superior specificity and accuracy. The study highlighted the importance of the BAT in diagnosing Anisakis sensitization, especially in cases of cross-reactivity with Ascaris and tropomyosin. The findings confirm the BAT’s exceptional specificity in identifying Anisakis sensitization and support using Anisakis-specific IgE for population-based risk profiling. The BAT can effectively serve as a confirmatory test.

Abstract This research studies the impact of online news on social and economic consumer perceptions through semantic network analysis. Using over 1.8 million online articles on Italian media covering four years, we calculate the semantic importance of specific economic-related keywords to see if words appearing in the articles could anticipate consumers’ judgments about the economic situation and the Consumer Confidence Index. We use an innovative approach to analyze big textual data, combining methods and tools of text mining and social network analysis. Results show a strong predictive power for the judgments about the current households and national situation. Our indicator offers a complementary approach to estimating consumer confidence, lessening the limitations of traditional survey-based methods.

Trichophyton verrucosum is the most commonly dermatophyte involved in cattle ringworm. This work reported a case of bovine dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton verrucosum detected from the clinical sample by SYBR-Green real-time PCR. The strategy was based on the DNA extraction directly from the infected hair followed by real‐time PCR and melting‐point analysis. A faster and differential diagnosis was observed when compared to the conventional mycological methodology for detection and identification of Trichophyton verrucosum.

Maedi-Visna (MV) is a chronic progressive multisystem disease that may be asymptomatic for several months or years, but progress rapidly, and may result in death, when signs and symptoms evolve. Viral elimination occurs mainly through direct contact with positive animal secretions. There is no vaccine or treatment, and prophylaxis is necessary for the health of the herd. The present study aimed to verify the seropositivity of MV and evaluate the factors associated with the risk in sheep herds in Paraná. A total of 1549 serum samples were collected from 90 properties. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to each property, and the variables were analyzed using the Epi-info program and R environment. Of the 1549 samples analyzed, 22 were positive (1.4%) for the micro-AGID test in 13.3% of the properties. Our study demonstrated variables associated with the prevention and the risk of seropositivity to MVV. Conducting a breeding season, supplying concentrated feed, and separating the breeding stock before birth were factors associated with protection, whereas the previous occurrence of problems with lice, breeding on pasture, and keeping cats close to the flock were factors associated with risk. The seropositivity observed in the present study suggests the circulation of MVV in sheep herds in Paraná, which reinforces the need to implement prevention and control measures since the level of technification may be associated with the occurrence of anti-MVV antibodies in herds.

A partir de récits écologiques recueillis in situ dans différentes interactions, cet article présente leurs principales caractéristiques et la manière dont ils peuvent être identifiés par un apprenant de français. Alors que le récit émerge au cours de l’interaction, qu’elle soit professionnelle ou privée, l’apprenant a besoin de comprendre à quel moment le locuteur quitte la situation actuelle pour rapporter un événement antérieur et quand ce récit se termine pour revenir au présent. Nous explorerons le récit dans deux autres langues romanes, l’espagnol et l’italien, afin de dégager, à partir des similitudes et différences observées, des stratégies applicables à l’enseignement de l’oral en Français Langue Étrangère (FLE).

Dietary changes expose consumers to risks from Anisakis larvae in seafood, leading to parasitic diseases and allergies. Anisakis is recognized by EFSA as a significant hazard, with potential oncogenic implications. Diagnostic advancements, like the Basophil Activation Test (BAT), enhance sensitivity and accuracy in identifying Anisakis sensitization, complementing traditional IgE tests. We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients with allergic symptoms from April 2021 to April 2023 at two outpatient clinics in western Sicily. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of Anisakis-related allergies and to identify risk profiles using specific Anisakis IgE and the BAT, especially in regions with high raw fish consumption. The study evaluated specific Anisakis IgE as a screening tool for Anisakis sensitization, using questionnaires, blood samples, and immuno-allergology analyses. Anisakis-specific IgE values were compared with the BAT results, with statistical analyses including Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. The results showed an 18.5% seroprevalence of Anisakis IgE, while the BAT as a second-level test showed 4.63%, indicating the BAT's superior specificity and accuracy. The study highlighted the importance of the BAT in diagnosing Anisakis sensitization, especially in cases of cross-reactivity with Ascaris and tropomyosin. The findings confirm the BAT's exceptional specificity in identifying Anisakis sensitization and support using Anisakis-specific IgE for population-based risk profiling. The BAT can effectively serve as a confirmatory test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reinfections occur as a response to natural infections wanes and novel strains of SARS-CoV-2 emerge. The present research explored the correlation between sex, age, COVID-19 vaccination, prior infection hospitalization, and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Sicily, Italy. Materials and Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study was articulated using the vaccination flux from a regional registry and the Sicilian COVID-19 monitoring system of the Italian Institute of Health. Only adult Sicilians were included in the study, and hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression. Results: Partial vaccination provided some protection (adj-HR: 0.92), when compared to unvaccinated individuals; furthermore, reinfection risk was reduced by full vaccination (adj-HR: 0.43), and the booster dose (adj-HR: 0.41). Males had a lower risk than females of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 (adj-HR: 0.75). Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 was diminished by hospitalization during the first infection (adj-HR: 0.78). Reinfection risk was higher among those aged 30–39 and 40–49 compared to those aged 18–29, whereas those aged 60–69, 70–79, and 80+ were statistically protected. Reinfection was significantly more frequent during the wild-type–Alpha, Delta, Delta–Omicron, and Omicron dominance/codominance waves compared to the wild type. Conclusions: This study establishes a solid base for comprehending the reinfection phenomenon in Sicily by pinpointing the most urgent policy hurdles and identifying some of the major factors. COVID-19 vaccination, one of the most effective public health tools, protects against reinfection, mostly caused by the Omicron strain. Elderly and hospitalized people’s lower risk suggests stricter PPE use.

Dry yeast extracts (DYE) are applied to vineyards to improve aromatic and secondary metabolic compound content and wine quality; however, systematic information on the underpinning molecular mechanisms is lacking. This work aimed to unravel, through a systematic approach, the metabolic and molecular responses of Sauvignon Blanc berries to DYE treatments. To accomplish this, DYE spraying was performed in a commercial vineyard for two consecutive years. Berries were sampled at several time points after the treatment, and grapes were analyzed for sugars, acidity, free and bound aroma precursors, amino acids, and targeted and untargeted RNA-Seq transcriptional profiles. The results obtained indicated that the DYE treatment did not interfere with the technological ripening parameters of sugars and acidity. Some aroma precursors, including cys-3MH and GSH-3MH, responsible for the typical aromatic nuances of Sauvignon Blanc, were stimulated by the treatment during both vintages. The levels of amino acids and the global RNA-seq transcriptional profiles indicated that DYE spraying upregulated ROS homeostatic and thermotolerance genes, as well as ethylene and jasmonic acid biosynthetic genes, and activated abiotic and biotic stress responses. Overall, the data suggested that the DYE reduced berry oxidative stress through the regulation of specific subsets of metabolic and hormonal pathways.

In this contribution, we investigate the translation into Italian of some orality markers that characterize the plays of two contemporary French playwrights: Xavier Durringer and Joël Pommerat. Our study focuses in particular on the strategies used in the translation of some phonetic, morphosyntactic and interactional procedures typical of oral language, as well as on the difficulties encountered in the translation of some mimetic markers of spoken French, taking into account the specificity of the Italian linguistic system and the non-coincidence of the resources and uses related to the variational dimensions.