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Denna publikation ger vägledning för arbetet med att säkerställa att planerade järnvägsanläggningar lever upp till krav på trafikering och punktlighet till låg/minimerad LCC (livscykelkostnad), d.v.s. lever upp till krav på driftsäkerhet (”RAM”) och LCC. Publikationen är främst avsedd att användas inom program Nya stambanor, men kan även användas vid andra järnvägssatsningar. För vägprojekt är innehållet konceptuellt tillämpligt. Tyngdpunkten i redovisningen ligger på planering, projektering och i någon mån byggnation medan underhåll endast behandlas översiktligt. Något fullständigt grepp på frågor som kopplar till tillgångsförvaltning och LCM (Life Cycle Management) tas således inte. Så som titeln antyder redogör publikationen för målvärden för arbetet i form av en ”ambitionsnivå” och för värderingsarbetet i form av en ”metodik”. I dessa avseenden kan publikationen sägas påminna om en ”handbok” även om den i praktiken inte är tillräckligt detaljerad för detta. Däremot läggs en bred, tankemässig, grund som kan erbjuda stöd för etablering av ett ”LCM-mindset”., Detta är den första versionen av publikationen. Den har nummer 2020:097 och är daterad 2022-01-27.

There is a huge lack of dermal uptake data for chemicals, and it is frequent with large variations in reported permeability coefficients for chemicals with more than one data set, showing the need for a new and standardized in vitro method. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop the new method of measuring dermal absorption of chemical vapor using the TGA method. Assessment of dermal absorption by TGA (Study I) Round pieces (ø8 mm) of pig epidermis were placed on a platinum pan and inserted into the TGA furnace, where a constant temperature (35 ± 0.01°C) and humidity (45% RH) were maintained. The weight change of the skin was readily recorded prior, during and after exposure to an airflow containing known concentrations of chemical vapor (from water, 2-propanol, methanol and toluene). When no chemical vapor was present the weight of the skin was constant and upon addition of chemical vapor the weight of the skin increased until an equilibrium with the surrounding air was reached. After removal of chemical vapor the skin weight decreased until the baseline weight was reached. The shape of the weight curves was unique for each studied chemical, were the slope and total weight increase reflect the diffusion and skin:air partition coefficients of the studied chemicals, respectively. Vapor generating system (Study II) A computer-controlled, fully automated vapor generating system was created. The chemical vapor was generated by means of bubbling clean, dry air through tailor-made stainless steel chemical containing gas wash bottles, placed in a thermo regulated water bath. Magnetic valves were placed before and after each gas wash bottle to direct the airflow and to prevent back flow, respectively. The performance of a gas wash bottle was tested and close to full saturation was measured using cyclohexanone as test substance. A dedicated computer program was created allowing automated execution of schedules, facilitating precise timing and long time dermal uptake s

There is a huge lack of dermal uptake data for chemicals, and it is frequent with large variations in reported permeability coefficients for chemicals with more than one data set, showing the need for a new and standardized in vitro method. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop the new method of measuring dermal absorption of chemical vapor using the TGA method. Assessment of dermal absorption by TGA (Study I) Round pieces (ø8 mm) of pig epidermis were placed on a platinum pan and inserted into the TGA furnace, where a constant temperature (35 ± 0.01°C) and humidity (45% RH) were maintained. The weight change of the skin was readily recorded prior, during and after exposure to an airflow containing known concentrations of chemical vapor (from water, 2-propanol, methanol and toluene). When no chemical vapor was present the weight of the skin was constant and upon addition of chemical vapor the weight of the skin increased until an equilibrium with the surrounding air was reached. After removal of chemical vapor the skin weight decreased until the baseline weight was reached. The shape of the weight curves was unique for each studied chemical, were the slope and total weight increase reflect the diffusion and skin:air partition coefficients of the studied chemicals, respectively. Vapor generating system (Study II) A computer-controlled, fully automated vapor generating system was created. The chemical vapor was generated by means of bubbling clean, dry air through tailor-made stainless steel chemical containing gas wash bottles, placed in a thermo regulated water bath. Magnetic valves were placed before and after each gas wash bottle to direct the airflow and to prevent back flow, respectively. The performance of a gas wash bottle was tested and close to full saturation was measured using cyclohexanone as test substance. A dedicated computer program was created allowing automated execution of schedules, facilitating precise timing and long time dermal uptake s