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Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 The Brazilian energy matrix has 43.5% of renewable sources, a higher value than registered in the rest of the world (14%). The sugarcane bagasse used in sugarcane plants underlines the importance of this, which is the second-largest renewable source (17%) in this market segmentation, however, the installed systems could be better used in the offseason with alternative crops such as biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), which has a low production cost, short cycle, and high biomass yield. However, this alternative has shown a drawback: the presence of chloride in the biomass, which at the high temperature promotes corrosion of the boilers. Thus, the influence of different potassium fertilization and the harvest times of biomass sorghum on chloride levels in the final biomass were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in the state of São Paulo (Brazil), on the 2015/2016 harvest, using the Palo Alto® hybrid. A randomized block design with 4 replications was used, with 3 treatments for potassium sources (KCl, K2SO4, KNO3) in fertilization and 4 treatments related to harvest times (pre-flowering, flowering, milk grain, hard grain) in a factorial scheme. The results showed that the sources of fertilization do not affect productivity, however, when using KCl there are higher levels of chloride in the final biomass, therefore potassium sulfate or nitrate are better alternatives. The time with the lowest chloride level in the biomass is in the milk grain stage, positively correlating with the time of the highest dry matter production per hectare (38.35 Mg ha−1). School of Sciences and Engineering – Tupã UNESP - São Paulo State University Department of Life Sciences – Coimbra Faculty of Science and Technology Coimbra University University of the State of Minas Gerais – Frutal São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences School of Sciences and Engineering – Tupã UNESP - São Paulo State University São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-03T18:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 The harvest of sweet sorghum has been studied in several countries because it increases the costs. However, it could decrease the quality of raw material destined to ethanol production. Therefore, the goal of this study was to analyse the quality of the raw material coming from two different sorghum cutting typesand at different processing times. At 120days after sowing, the harvest was carried out manually, the sorghum being chopped into 20-cm billets, and a portion of the stalks were shredded in a forage chopper, resulting in particles of 2-3cm in diameter. The broth was extracted through a hydraulic press at 0, 6, 12 and 24h after cutting and characterized. We concluded that the billets was the most suitable for the sorghum, since there was less deterioration of the plant in relation to the cut into forage form and the plant processing must occur within 6h for the best possible use of the material. Univ Estado Minas Gerais, Unidade Frutal, Frutal, MG, Brazil Univ Sagrado Coracao, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil

The progressive increase in global temperature causes concern worldwide, which is constantly looking for ways to minimize the impacts caused to the environment as a result of human activities in the last decades.As a result, “clean energy” has been the solution to control pollution and global warming, as they cause low environmental impacts.Today, biofuels and mainly bioethanol derived essentially from sugarcane replaces fossil fuels very efficiently.Due to the high influence and relevance that sugarcane exerts nationally, in relation to the economic and environmental issue, it is vitally important to think about how its production system will be in scenarios that consider climate change.In order to analyze this system is necessary to obtain data, not always easily obtained in field research, for this reason, the agricultural modeling through the simulation of scenarios can contribute by predicting situations and helping to make future decisions.Therefore, an APSIM® simulation model was proposed, validating it with local data and later the effects of climate change on sugarcane productivity were studied through agricultural modeling simulating three (3) scenarios with change in average air temperature and CO2 concentration:S1 without climate change (current), S2 (year 2020) with change of + 0.24°C and increase of +26 ppm of CO2, S3 (year 2040) with change of +0.84°C and increase of +114 ppm of CO2 and S4 (year of 2080) with change of + 1.14°C and increase of +201 ppm of CO2.The studied climatic change scenarios may lead to higher stalks and sugar productivity per hectare due to higher rates of CO2 fixation and temperature increase.

As indústrias sucroalcooleras são as responsáveis pela produção de etanol e açúcar, contudo um subproduto é gerado em grande quantidade nessa produção, a vinhaça que possui alto poder poluente e alto valor fertilizante. Grande parte da vinhaça é usada na fertirrigação, entretanto, as usinas têm encontrado dificuldades de destino da mesma devido à saturação do solo após um período de utilização. Nesta saturação do solo destaca-se a grande concentração de alguns nutrientes, principalmente do potássio, que pode prejudicar o crescimento vegetal devido ao desequilíbrio de nutrientes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar o tratamento da vinhaça proveniente de uma usina sucroalcooleira com a utilização de microalgas Chlorella vulgaris (Kessler & Huss, 1992), visando reduzir alguns nutrientes presentes, principalmente o potássio, a fim de garantir um melhor reaproveitamento deste na fertirrigação dos canaviais. Os resultados mostraram a eficiência do tratamento usando microalgas na redução das concentrações de potássio, sódio e cálcio. Estas reduções fazem com que a vinhaça possua uma maior disponibilidade para ser utilizada na fertirrigação nos canaviais da própria empresa que, consequentemente, acaba reduzindo os gastos com a compra de fertilizantes minerais, fechando assim um ciclo ecológico de produção e reutilização do próprio resíduo gerado.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T15:30:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 CNEN (National Nuclear Energy Commission) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of sugarcane to nitrogen (N) application with drip irrigation and the relation with carbon isotope discrimination (Delta C-13), aboveground dry matter cane yield and the N balance in consecutive ratoon crops of sugarcane. An experiment was set up in Jau, SP, Brazil, in which the second and third ratoon crop cycles (2008/2009 and 2009/2010) were evaluated. The experiment included an unfertilized N control in both years (T1), and the following three nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (in kg ha(-1)) applied in 2008 and 2009, respectively: 70 and 50 (T2), 140 and 100 (T3), and 210 and 150 (T4). Fertilization with N caused a marked gain in stalk yields by 98 Mg ha(-1) in 2 years. The N export with harvest was higher than N application in the control treatment T1 and at the lower rate (T2); this, in addition to the observed linear response to N, indicate the need to increase N fertilization in irrigated sugarcane. The values of Delta C-13 decreased with the increase of N supply showing a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) with stalk as well as whole plant aboveground dry matter yields. The values of Delta C-13 in top leaves may be used as a tool to characterize the N status of sugarcane plants and its relation to aboveground dry matter and yield. Lab Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Bioetanol CTBE, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10-000, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil Agencia Paulista Tecnol Agronegocios, Jau, SP, Brazil Inst Agron Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Sagrado Coracao, Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, CENA, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2008/56.147-1

espanolRESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la influencia de la distancia de plantacion y de la poblacion de plantas, en los compo nentes fenologicos y en la productividad de diferentes materiales geneticos de maiz. El experimento fue conducido en el municipio de Jau/SP, localizado en la latitud 22° 17' S, longitud 48° 34' W y altitud media de 680 msnm. Fueron estudiadas dos distancias de plantacion: 0,45 m y 0,90 m, tres densidades poblacionales 50, 75 y 100 mil plantas ha-1, y cuatro materia les geneticos: hibrido simple DKB 333C, hibrido triple DKB 466, hibrido doble AG 2060 y la variedad AL Bandeirantes® en esquema factorial 2x3x4 con cuatro repeticiones en bloques al azar. La reduccion en la distancia entre lineas de plantio y el aumento de la poblacion de plantas influenciaron significativamente en el porcentaje de plantas acamadas y quebradas del maiz. Espacio entre lineas de 0,45 m, poblacion de 75.000 plantas ha-1 y material hibrido simple presentaron la mayor productividad de granos con promedio de 9.077 kg ha-1. Se observaron interacciones significativas de los factores distancia entre lineas versus poblacion de plantas, y poblacion de plantas versus materiales para el factor productividad de granos. Los componentes fenologicos de produccion: largo de la mazorca, diametro de la mazorca y diametro de la tusa (marlo) fueron influenciados por el aumento de poblacion de plantas ha-1. EnglishABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the influence of planting distance and the population of plants, phenological components, and productivity in different maize genetic material. The experiment was conducted during the 2003/04 agricultural year in the city of Jau/SP, located at latitude 22° 17'S, longitude 48° 34' W and altitude 680 m. Average Were studied, planting distances of 0.45 m and 0.90 m, three densities 50, 75 and 100 000 plants ha-1, and four genetic materials: simple hybrid DKB 333C, triple hybrid DKB 466, AG 2060 and double hybrid the variety AL 2x3x4 factorial scheme Bandeirantes in with 4 replications in randomized blocks. The reduction in the planting row spacing and increasing plant population significantly influenced the percentage of lodged plants and broken corn. Line spacing of 0.45 m, population of 75,000 plants ha-1 and single hybrid material showed the highest productivity of grains with an average of 9077 kg ha-1. Significant interactions were observed line spacing factors versus population of plants and plant population versus materials for grain productivity factor. Phonological components of production: spike length, shank diameter and the diameter of the cobs were influenced by increased plant population ha-1. The experiment was conducted during the agricultural year of2003/04 in the city of Jau/SP, located at latitude 22° 17'S and longitude 48° 34' Wand an average altitude of 680 m. Were tested, two spacing 0.45 m and 0.90 m, three densities 50, 75 and 100 thousand plants ha-1, and four genetic materials simple hybrid DKB 333C, triple hybrid DKB 466, double hybrid and variety AG 2060 in AL Bandeirantes® factorial design 2x3x4 with 4 replications in randomized blocks.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-30T18:18:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:04:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-69162013000600005.pdf: 222233 bytes, checksum: 8702a85b07f8efc09d712bb2c7ea9427 (MD5) Objetivou-se neste trabalho comparar a utilização de água e de nitrogênio em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar nos manejos irrigado e de sequeiro, e verificar o potencial de produção de colmos e de açúcar com diferentes doses de N-fertilizante, em manejo irrigado por gotejamento subsuperficial. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos: (T1) irrigado, 0 kg N ha-1; (T2) irrigado, 70 kg N ha-1; (T3) irrigado, 140 kg N ha-1; (T4) irrigado, 210 kg N ha-1; (T5) manejo de sequeiro, 0 kg N ha-1; (T6) manejo de sequeiro, 140 kg N ha-1. Foram realizadas análises de variáveis biométricas, tecnológicas, de matéria seca e de produtividade entre os tratamentos. O sistema de irrigação, em conjunto com a aplicação de N-fertilizante na dose de 140 kg ha-1 (tratamento T3), gerou diferenças significativas para acúmulo de matéria seca da parte aérea e para produtividade de colmos e de açúcar, sendo, respectivamente, 94; 105 e 106% superiores ao tratamento de sequeiro, sem dose de N (T5). Verificou-se efeito positivo e sinérgico da irrigação com N-fertilizante na produtividade de colmos e de açúcar. A soqueira de cana-de-açúcar irrigada por gotejamento subsuperficial obteve a máxima produtividade (22 Mg ha-1 de açúcar) com a dose de 140 kg ha-1 de N. The aim of this study was to compare the use of water and nitrogen on ratoon sugarcane during irrigated and rain-fed conditions, and to assess the production potential of stalks and sugar with different rates of N-fertilizer on the subsurface drip-irrigated management. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications for each experiment and treatments: (T1) irrigated, 0kg N ha-1; (T2) irrigated, 70kg N ha-1; (T3) irrigated, 140kg N ha-1; (T4) irrigated, 210kg N ha-1; (T5) not irrigated, 0kg N ha-1, and (T6) not irrigated, 140kg N ha-1. Biometric, technological, dry matter and yield variables were analyzed among the treatments. The irrigation system together with the application of N-fertilizer at 140kg ha-1 presented significant differences in dry matter accumulation of shoots, and for the production of stalks and sugar, respectively 94, 105 and 106%, higher when compared to the not irrigated, without N-fertilizer (T5). There was a positive and synergistic effect of irrigation with N-fertilizer on the productivity of stalks and sugar. Ratoon sugarcane irrigated with subsurface dripping had the highest yield (22Mg ha-1 of sugar) with the dosage of 140kg ha-1 N. Universidade Sagrado Coração APTA UNESP FCA CTBE UNESP FCA

ESTIMATIVA DO ACUMULO DE FITOMASSA DA SOQUEIRA DE CANA-DE-ACUCAR FERTIRRIGADA COM DOSES DE N-FERTILIZANTE UTILIZANDO MODELO DE SIMULACAO RAUL ANDRES MARTINEZ URIBE 1 ; GLAUBER JOSE DE CASTRO GAVA 2 ; ORIEL TIAGO KOLLN 3 E JOAO CARLOS CURY SAAD 4 1 Engenheiro Agronomo, Professor Assistente Doutor da FCE/UNESP-Tupa, Email: raul@tupa.unesp.br 2 Engenheiro Agronomo, Pesquisador Cientifico da APTA, Polo Regional do Centro Oeste, Jau, Email: ggava@apta.sp.gov.br 3 Especialista em Producao de Biomassa CTBE/CNPEM, Campinas-SP, Email: oriel.kolln@bioetanol.org.br 4 Engenheiro Agronomo, Professor Adjunto da FCA/UNESP- Botucatu, Email: joaosaad@fca.unesp.br 1 RESUMO Devido ao importantissimo papel que a industria canavieira exerce no âmbito nacional torna-se fundamental saber como a quantidade e a qualidade de materia prima produzida sao afetadas pelos tratos culturais. Entretanto, nem sempre e possivel obter dados reais (tempo, custo, acesso limitado), surgindo os modelos de simulacao. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos: utilizar e validar o modelo de simulacao APSIM® (Sistema simulador de producao agricola) e realizar estimativas (simulacoes) de acumulo da biomassa e produtividade em soqueira de cana, nos manejos irrigados e de sequeiro com diferentes doses de N-fertilizante. O experimento foi conduzido com 6 tratamentos: T1 (irrigado sem dose de nitrogenio (N)), T2 (irrigado com dose de 70 kg ha -1 de N), T3 (irrigado com dose de 140 kg ha -1 de N), T4 (irrigado com dose de 210 kg ha -1 de N), T5 (nao irrigado sem dose de N) e T6 (nao irrigado com dose de 140 kg ha -1 de N). Compararam-se toneladas de cana por hectare (TCH), de acucar por hectare (TPH), de materia seca da parte aerea (PA) e do colmo (C). O APSIM simulou os parâmetros avaliados com alta correlacao. As curvas de acumulo de biomassa seguiram a tendencia sigmoidal caracteristica e evidenciaram o efeito positivo da irrigacao e da adubacao nitrogenada. Palavras-Chave : APSIM, Saccharum spp., irrigacao, nitrogenio, modelagem. URIBE, R. A. M.; GAVA, G. J. de C.; KOLLN, O. T.; SAAD, J. C. C. ESTIMATE OF BIOMASS ACCUMULATION IN SUGARCANE RATOON USING SIMULATION MODEL IN THE IRRIGATED AND RAINFED MANAGEMENTS WITH DIFFERENT DOSES OF N-FERTILIZER 2 ABSTRACT With the key role that the sugarcane industry has on the national level is vital to know how the quantity and quality of raw material produced is affected by the cultural practices. However it is not always possible to obtain real data (time, cost, difficulty of access) appearing simulation models. So this study aimed to: use and validate the APSIM® (Agricultural Production System sIMulator) and make estimates (simulations) of accumulation of biomass and productivity of ratoon sugarcane, in irrigated and rainfed conditions with different doses of N fertilizer. The experiment was carried with 6 treatments: T1 (Irrigated without dose of nitrogen (N)), T2 (irrigated with a dose of 70 kg ha -1 N), T3 (irrigated with a dose of 140 kg ha -1 N), T4 (irrigated with a dose of 210 kg ha -1 N), T5 (non-irrigated without N rate) and T6 (non-irrigated with a dose of 140 kg ha -1 N), all doses of N as urea. Comparisons tons of cane per hectare (TCH), of sugar per hectare (TPH), of dry weight of shoot (PA) and stem (C). The APSIM simulated parameters evaluated with high correlation. The curves of biomass accumulation followed the sigmoidal characteristic trend and show the positive effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. Keywords: APSIM, Saccharum spp., Irrigation, nitrogen, modeling.

espanolEl cultivo de lisianthus en Brasil es poco estudiado con relacion a las condiciones ideales de cultivo, principalmente con relacion al estado nutricional de las plantas. El diagnostico del estado nutricional de la planta con relacion al nitrogeno puede ser hecho por medio del analisis de su contenido en la hoja. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento y desarrollo de plantas de lisianthus en maceteros con diferentes dosis de nitrogeno en ambiente protegido, y a partir de esto, establecer un valor critico del indice de clorofila (SPAD) en las hojas para el monitoreo de la necesidad de nitrogeno. El diseno experimental fue totalmente al azar con seis tratamientos y parcelas subdivididas, constituido por seis dosis de nitrogeno en la forma de nitrato de amonio (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 y 300 mg macetero-1). El SPAD fue obtenido en las hojas mediante un medidor de clorofila SPAD-502 para identificar el momento exacto en que hay necesidad de nitrogeno. El modelo polinomial cuadratico creciente represento el desarrollo fisiologico de la planta con relacion al aumento de la dosis de nitrogeno con tendencia de correlacion positiva. El modelo polinomial cuadratico decreciente represento la disminucion del SPAD al largo del crecimiento de la planta, y tambien con relacion al aumento de la disponibilidad de la radiacion fotosinteticamente activa. La mayor disponibilidad de radiacion fotosinteticamente activa solamente aumenta el SPAD se hay aumento de la dosis de nitrogeno. El periodo de mas necesidad de nitrogeno fue establecido en funcion del SPAD, entre 63 y 105 DDPi (dias despues del pinzado "pinch") y con indices SPADs de 52,14 a 52,78, asociado a la mayor dosis de nitrogeno (300 mg) y al intervalo de 233 a 261 Wm-2 de radiacion fotosinteticamente activa, responsables por el mayor numero de botones florales de lisianthus. EnglishThe cultivation of lisianthus in Brazil is little studied in relation to the ideal growing conditions, especially with regarding the nutritional status of plants. The diagnosis of nutritional status in relation to plant nitrogen can be done through analysis of its contents in the leaf. The aim was to evaluate the growth and development of plants of lisianthus in pots under different nitrogen levels in a protected environment, and then establish a critical value of the chlorophyll content or SPAD on the leaves of the need for monitoring of nitrogen. The design was completely randomized with six treatments and a split plot, consisting of six levels of nitrogen as ammonium nitrate (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/pot). The SPAD was obtained by the leaves of lisianthus by a chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 to identify the exact moment that there is a need for nitrogen. The increasing quadratic polynomial model represented the physiological development of plant lisianthus in relation to increasing the dosis of nitrogen with trend of positive correlation. The quadratic polynomial model represented the descending SPAD that decreased throughout the growth and development of the culture of lisianthus, and also in relation to the increasing availability of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The greater availability of PAR radiation only increases the SPAD index with increasing dosis of nitrogen. The period of greatest need for nitrogen was established at the SPAD, which covers the period between 63 and 105 DDPi, ranging from 52.14 to 52.78 SPADs for the cultivation of lisianthus, associated with a higher dosis of nitrogen used (300mg) and range from 233 to 261 W m-2 of PAR radiation, responsible for the greatest number of flower buds of lisianthus.