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3. Distribution of invasive meningococcal B disease in Italian pediatric population: implications for vaccination timing

Author

Azzari, Chiara, Canessa, Clementina, Lippi, Francesca, Moriondo, Maria, Indolfi, Giuseppe, Nieddu, Francesco, Martini, Marco, de Martino, Maurizio, Castiglia, Paolo, Baldo, Vincenzo, Resti, Massimo, Agostiniani, R., Allievi, P., Allù, G., Amigoni, A., Bartolini, E., Bernardi, Francesco, Bernardini, SOFIA ROBERTA, Biban, P., Bigi, M., Bossi, G., Bottone, U., Cardinale, A., Cardona, A., Castronari, R., Celandroni, A., Chiossi, M., Colleselli, P., Correra, A., Cortimiglia, M., D'Ascola, G., De Benedictis, F. M., de Martino, M., Dini, E., Dollfus, L., Domenici, R., Flacco, V., Verrotti, A., Gaetti, M. T., Gagliardi, L., Galli, Lorenzo, Giglio, P., Guala, A., Lanari, M., Lasagni, D., Lizzoli, C., Lombardi, E., Magnini, M., Mattei, R., Memmini, G., Mesirca, P., Gragnani, S., Migliozzi, L., Nunziata, F., Pecile, P., Pepe, G., Perferi, G., Peris, A., Perri, P. F., Pescollderungg, L., Pezzati, M., Poggi, G. M., Poggiolesi, C., Rapisardi, G., Ratta, L., Ricci, S., Ridi, F., Riva, MARCO ANDREA, Rizzo, L., Roman, B., Romano, F., Toffolo, A., Strano, M., Trapani, S., Valleriani, C., Vasarri, P., Vascotto, M., Vergine, G., Verini, M., Zorzi, C., Azzari, Chiara, Canessa, Clementina, Lippi, Francesca, Moriondo, Maria, Indolfi, Giuseppe, Nieddu, Francesco, Martini, Marco, de Martino, Maurizio, Castiglia, Paolo, Baldo, Vincenzo, Resti, Massimo, Italian Group for the Study of Invasive Bacterial Disease [, Lanari M., and ]

Subjects
Pediatrics, Children, Incidence, Neisseria meningitidis group B, Realtime PCR, Sensitivity, Vaccine, Adolescent, Age Distribution, Child, Child, Preschool, Hospitals, Pediatric, Humans, Immunization Schedule, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Italy, Meningitis, Meningococcal, Meningococcal Vaccines, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Retrospective Studies, Sepsis, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B, Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology (all), Veterinary (all), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infectious Diseases, Disease, Neisseria meningitidis, medicine.disease_cause, Group B, Epidemiology, Medicine, Pediatric, Meningococcal, Incidence (epidemiology), Hospitals, Vaccination, Public Health, Meningitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Serogroup B, Immunology and Microbiology(all), MED/42 Igiene generale e applicata, Preschool, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Newborn, veterinary(all), business
Abstract

Neisseria meningitidis group B (MenB) is a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis. A new vaccine has been recently licensed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiology of MenB disease in pediatric age and define the optimal age for vaccination. All patients aged 0–18 years admitted with a diagnosis of meningitis or sepsis to the 83 participating Italian pediatric hospitals were included in the study. Blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were tested by Realtime-PCR and/or culture. One hundred and thirty-six cases (mean age 5.0 years, median 2.7) of MenB disease were found. Among these, 96/136 (70.6%) were between 0 and 5 years, 61/136 (44.9%) were between 0 and 2 years. Among the latter, 39/61 (63.9%) occurred during the first year of life with highest incidence between 4 and 8 months. A case-fatality rate of 13.2% was found, with 27.8% cases below 12 months. Sepsis lethality was 24.4%. RT-PCR was significantly more sensitive than culture: 82 patients were tested at the same time by both methods, either in blood or in CSF; MenB was found by RT-PCR in blood or CSF in 81/82 cases (98.8%), culture identified 27/82 (32.9%) infections (Cohen's Kappa 0.3; McNemar's: p < 10−5). The study shows that the highest incidence of disease occurs in the first year of age, with a peak between 4 and 8 months of life; 30% of deaths occur before 12 months. The results suggest that the greatest prevention could be obtained starting MenB vaccination in the first months of life; a catch-up strategy up to the fifth year of life could be considered. Our results also confirm that Realtime PCR is significantly more sensitive than culture. In those countries where only isolate positive infections are counted as cases, the incidence of MenB infection results highly underestimated.

Published
2013

4. The Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) Education and Outreach (E/PO) Program

Author

Peticolas, L. M., primary, Craig, N., additional, Kucera, T., additional, Michels, D. J., additional, Gerulskis, J., additional, MacDowall, R. J., additional, Beisser, K., additional, Chrissotimos, C., additional, Luhmann, J. G., additional, Galvin, A. B., additional, Ratta, L., additional, Drobnes, E., additional, Méndez, B. J., additional, Hill, S., additional, Marren, K., additional, and Howard, R., additional

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5. The Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) Education and Outreach (E/PO) Program

Author

Peticolas, L. M., primary, Craig, N., additional, Kucera, T., additional, Michels, D. J., additional, Gerulskis, J., additional, MacDowall, R. J., additional, Beisser, K., additional, Chrissotimos, C., additional, Luhmann, J. G., additional, Galvin, A. B., additional, Ratta, L., additional, Drobnes, E., additional, Méndez, B. J., additional, Hill, S., additional, Marren, K., additional, and Howard, R., additional

Published
2007
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7. Cytokine profile of broncho-alveolar lavage in BOOP and UIP.

Author

Forlani S, Ratta L, Bulgheroni A, Cascina A, Paschetto E, Cervio G, Luinetti O, Fietta AM, and Meloni F

Subjects
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid immunology, Case-Control Studies, Chemokine CCL2 analysis, Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia diagnosis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Interferon-gamma analysis, Interleukins analysis, Lung Diseases, Interstitial diagnosis, Male, Middle Aged, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid chemistry, Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia immunology, Cytokines analysis, Lung Diseases, Interstitial immunology
Abstract

Background: The aim of our study was to compare clinical and BAL features of patients with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) with those of patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and control subjects., Patients and Methods: This study reports on 14 patients with idiopathic BOOP. Diagnosis was made upon histology. Lung function tests were mostly normal. Chest X-ray and CT showed always a patchy consolidation, often associated with ground glass pattern. BAL was performed for cytology and for ELISA assessment of several cytokines (IL8, ILI0, IL12, gamma-interferon, IL 18, monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1)., Results: Cytology of BAL in BOOP showed a pattern of lymphocytic alveolitis (Lymphocytes: 0.36 x 10(6)/ml) associated with an increase in neutrophil and eosinophil counts (0.13 and 0.04 x 10(6)/ml respectively). Mean BALf levels in pg/ml of MCP-1, IL12 and IL18 were significantly increased in BOOP with respect to controls and UIP patients, while in UIP patients only a significant increase of IL8, MCP-1 and IL18 with respect to controls was detected. In addition, BALf levels of IL10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, were significantly higher in BOOP patients with respect to controls and UIP patients., Conclusion: These findings are consistent with a marked degree of macrophage and lymphocyte activation in BOOP with an expansion of T helper-1 response. The concomitant increase of IL10 could be related to a limitation of the inflammatory process and the fibrotic evolution typical of this clinical picture.

Published
2002

8. [Pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery in smokers and non-smokers. A prospective study of 55 cases].

Author

Rizzo S, Ratta L, and Pilliteri PM

Subjects
Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Pulmonary Atelectasis etiology, Time Factors, Lung Diseases etiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Smoking adverse effects, Thoracic Surgery
Abstract

A prospective study was carried out between 1987 and 1989 at the Pneumological Department of the IRCCS-Policlinico S. Matteo in Pavia (Italy) to evaluate the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in smokers and non-smokers undergoing thoracic surgery for various diseases. Non-smokers were defined as those who had never smoked tobacco, while ex-smokers who had given up for over years were included in the "low consumption" group (less than 10 cigarettes/day). Out of a total of 55 cases, 75% were smokers. Complications developed in 20/55 cases (36.4%), whereas they were observed in 60% of the smokers' group. Major atelectasis developed in 8/20 (40%): 5 smokers and 3 non-smokers. Pulmonary complications were significantly higher among heavy smokers (greater than 10 cigarettes/day) than among non-smokers (p less than 0.001). The incidence of pulmonary complications in this study was thought to be satisfactory, although it could probably be further improved, given that daily postoperative chest X-rays and physical and/or pharmacological pre- and postoperative prophylaxis--in addition to continuous clinical monitoring--were performed. This strategy enabled complications to be detected early and controlled.

Published
1990

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